Two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated data display method based on GIS (Geographic Information System) graph

Abstract

The invention provides a two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated data display method based on a GIS (Geographic Information System) graph, which relates to the technical field of railway data processing, and comprises the following steps: converging basic spatial information data, railway thematic spatial information data and dynamic spatial information data to construct spatial information data; performing data processing on the spatial information data, and constructing a spatial information database based on the processed spatial information data; dynamically updating the spatial information database; performing data storage on the processed spatial information data according to the data features; and carrying out data visualization based on a unified space-time framework. According to the invention, by constructing the total element spatial information database, multi-source and multi-temporal spatio-temporal information of personnel, locomotives, railway infrastructures, surroundings and the like is integrated, centralized management and efficient integration of data are realized, powerful support is provided for railway operation management decision making, business collaboration and data sharing, and the system is suitable for popularization and application. And upgrading development of data management and application in the railway industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway data processing, and in particular to a two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated data display method based on a GIS map. Background Art

[0002] Railway data comes from a wide range of sources, encompassing multiple disciplines such as engineering, power supply, signaling, and communications. These data come in varying formats and volumes, making effective integration and management difficult. Traditional data processing methods are unable to efficiently convert, encode, and structure this multi-source, heterogeneous data. This makes standardization, correlation, and integrated management difficult, leading to uneven data quality and impacting data usability and sharing. Furthermore, existing databases lack efficient data storage solutions. They fail to adopt appropriate storage methods for different types of data, such as strongly relational structured data, weakly relational structured or semi-structured data, and unstructured data. This results in inefficient data storage and makes it difficult to meet the requirements of business systems for rapid data access and processing. Furthermore, data visualization capabilities are insufficient, making it impossible to present data in an intuitive and comprehensive manner. This makes it difficult to meet the data visualization requirements of integrated railway business applications, limiting the value of data. Furthermore, existing databases suffer from performance deficiencies. System availability, response time, scalability, and concurrent processing capabilities fail to meet the requirements for efficient railway operations, impacting business system stability and user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated data display method based on a GIS map to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a 2D and 3D integrated data display method based on a GIS map, which is characterized by comprising:

[0005] Aggregate basic spatial information data, railway-themed spatial information data, and dynamic spatial information data to construct spatial information data;

[0006] performing data processing on the spatial information data, and constructing a spatial information database based on the processed spatial information data;

[0007] Dynamically updating the spatial information database;

[0008] storing the processed spatial information data according to data characteristics;

[0009] Data visualization based on a unified spatiotemporal framework.

[0010] Furthermore, the basic spatial information data includes national vector map data and basic satellite image data; the railway thematic spatial information data includes railway two-dimensional thematic data, railway three-dimensional thematic data, terrain data, oblique photography data, model data and engineering survey data; the dynamic spatial information data includes personnel and vehicle positioning information and related auxiliary information collected in real time by the Beidou positioning terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, the data processing includes data preprocessing and routine processing, data cleaning, data format conversion, graphic processing, attribute entry association, paper file scanning association, coordinate conversion, and consistency processing.

[0012] Furthermore, the spatial information database includes a vector database, an image database, a model database, a terrain database and a dynamic spatial information database;

[0013] For vector data, perform data processing, quality inspection, data extraction, spatiotemporal processing, and electronic map production to build the vector database;

[0014] For the image database, after performing data correction, projection conversion, data splicing, data fusion, and data color adjustment, the image database is constructed;

[0015] The model database is lightweighted, including extracting the shell, simplifying the triangulated network, simplifying the sub-objects, deleting duplicate vertices, calculating normals, splitting the model, and merging the model, to construct the model database.

[0016] Furthermore, the process of constructing the terrain database includes:

[0017] Using the TIN model, an image pyramid is established according to the terrain data, a relative file is created, a point cloud is extracted, an irregular triangulated network and a smooth triangulated network are constructed, and an irregular triangulated network model is generated;

[0018] The irregular triangulated network model is marked as a sub-library to construct the terrain database.

[0019] Furthermore, the process of constructing the dynamic spatial information database includes:

[0020] Obtain sensor location data information, dynamic monitoring data structure and interface information;

[0021] Performing spatial processing and spatiotemporal processing on the position data information;

[0022] The corresponding relationship between the sensor position and the dynamic perception data is established through coding and data time, and the perception information corresponding to the node is obtained in real time or periodically to build the dynamic spatial information database.

[0023] Furthermore, the process of dynamically updating the spatial information database includes:

[0024] Use geographic information surveying and mapping methods instead of basic surveying and mapping methods, and use a combination of topographic mapping and aerial surveying to obtain basic vector data and update the vector database;

[0025] Use drone aerial photography and oblique photogrammetry to update the image database;

[0026] The sensor position data is associated with the dynamic perception data through object coding, and the dynamic spatial information database is updated through the association code.

[0027] Furthermore, the process of storing the processed spatial information data according to the data characteristics includes:

[0028] For strongly relational structured data, a relational database or relational database cluster is used for storage;

[0029] For weakly relational structured data or semi-structured data, a distributed database is used for storage;

[0030] For unstructured data, a distributed database is used for storage.

[0031] Furthermore, the process of data visualization based on the unified spatiotemporal framework includes:

[0032] Based on the two / three-dimensional visualization application window and a unified space-time framework, data can be loaded, displayed, browsed, and the loaded data can be measured, calculated, labeled, and plotted.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The present invention integrates multi-source, massive, and multi-phase spatiotemporal information such as personnel, locomotives, railway infrastructure, and surrounding environment by constructing a full-factor spatial information database, thereby realizing centralized management and efficient integration of data. It adopts distributed resource management technology and containerization and microservice architecture technology to improve the flexibility, scalability, and reliability of the system, and can better cope with the massive growth and complex processing requirements of railway business data. It effectively solves the system performance defects of existing databases, provides strong support for railway operation management decision-making, business collaboration, and data sharing, and promotes the upgrading and development of data management and application in the railway industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiment and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall process of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features described in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0038] This embodiment proposes a 2D and 3D integrated data display method based on a GIS map. Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0039] Aggregate basic spatial information data, railway-themed spatial information data, and dynamic spatial information data to construct spatial information data;

[0040] performing data processing on the spatial information data, and constructing a spatial information database based on the processed spatial information data;

[0041] Dynamically updating the spatial information database;

[0042] storing the processed spatial information data according to data characteristics;

[0043] Data visualization based on a unified spatiotemporal framework.

[0044] The GIS map described in this embodiment closely addresses the operational management needs of heavy-haul railways, including personnel, locomotives, railway infrastructure, and the surrounding environment. With information resource integration at its core, it builds a comprehensive spatial information database. Leveraging GIS cloud technology, it constructs a flexible, efficient, stable, and reliable service platform. Focusing on spatial information services, it elevates the application of spatial information management. It provides comprehensive spatial data resources and spatial information service capabilities for railway companies.

[0045] (1) Data resource management capabilities

[0046] Heavy-haul railway production, operation, and maintenance generate a diverse and rich array of spatiotemporal information, characterized by multi-source, massive, and multi-temporal characteristics. GIS provides a single map with the ability to manage multiple types of spatial data resources. Managed data types include vector data, image data, 3D data, and document data.

[0047] The functions of data resource management include providing browsing and access to data resources; providing resource directory retrieval and positioning; and viewing resource details after retrieving specified resources.

[0048] (2) Spatial data service publishing capabilities

[0049] It provides full-featured 2D and 3D integrated GIS service publishing, management and aggregation capabilities. GIS services are based on the REST architecture and support multi-level extension development. It provides a variety of geographic information services such as map services, data services, image services, and 3D services. It provides GIS services based on OGC standards to facilitate interoperability. It provides a kernel container-level extension mechanism to integrate industry functions with GIS services, and also provides a client development kit.

[0050] (3) Spatial data service sharing capabilities

[0051] Under the unified data sharing and exchange standards, we will promote collaboration among various business application systems, break through "information islands", promote the connection between GIS maps and data sharing and exchange platforms among various professional application systems, and realize the sharing and integration of business information resources among systems.

[0052] (4) 2D and 3D integrated data display capabilities

[0053] It supports rich, three-dimensional, and intuitive visualization rendering effects of spatial big data analysis results, including dashboards, aggregation maps, density maps, heat maps, etc.; it also supports not only two-dimensional visualization, but also three-dimensional visualization, and both static rendering and dynamic rendering.

[0054] Provide cross-disciplinary resource information comprehensive display capabilities, integrate and overlay equipment and facility data from different business areas such as locomotive, vehicle, engineering, electrical, and power supply on basic spatial data, and realize multi-business information resource display capabilities based on digital twin technology.

[0055] (5) Spatial analysis ability

[0056] Based on the geographic elements of railway transportation space, the system provides spatial analysis and decision-making support for railways, including buffer analysis, overlay analysis, path analysis, electronic fencing, and trajectory services. Through topological analysis, the system analyzes the logical relationships and location associations of equipment and facilities, enabling multi-dimensional display of equipment and facilities, modular management of equipment and facilities by various disciplines, and conversion between line mileage and geographic coordinates.

[0057] (6) Spatial statistical capabilities

[0058] According to the needs of railway business thematic analysis, display methods such as independent values, range maps, dot density maps, histograms, pie charts, and graded symbols are used, and different types of thematic maps can be customized according to various thematic layers.

[0059] The key technologies used in the GIS map described in this embodiment include:

[0060] (1) Distributed resource management technology

[0061] GIS is a core support. In various information systems, professional application systems are frequently called, support a large number of application systems, and have a large concurrency. Therefore, in most cases, they are in a multi-node concurrent execution environment. To ensure the correctness of the system status, the consistency of distributed data must be guaranteed.

[0062] Distributed resource management technology refers to the use of the most advanced distributed computing technology to process heterogeneous multi-source geographic spatial information distributed on the network, integrate spatial services on different platforms on the network, and build a physically distributed and logically unified geographic information system.

[0063] GIS One Map uses distributed resource management technology. When a single node fails, the system ensures that other nodes are not affected. This meets the needs of frequent updates, efficient analysis, instant publishing, and fast browsing of ultra-large-scale spatiotemporal data.

[0064] (2) Containerization and microservice architecture technology

[0065] Microservices are a series of single-responsibility, fine-grained services that split the business into independent service units. They have good scalability and low coupling, and each service handles a single business.

[0066] Microservices run in Docker containers as images. Using Docker container technology, I only need to generate a new image by combining the required base image (such as JDK) and the microservice, and then deploy this final image in the Docker container. Docker container technology makes service deployment simple and efficient.

[0067] With data services, functional services, interface services, infrastructure services and knowledge services as the core, and with the help of container and microservice technologies, a service resource pool is formed, and a service engine, two- and three-dimensional electronic map engine, business flow engine and knowledge engine are established. Through the cloud service system, on-demand services are provided for various business applications.

[0068] Support system design

[0069] The software and hardware support system required for a GIS map of the Shuohuang Railway mainly includes: graphics workstations, servers, storage, operating systems, GIS platforms, databases, deployment middleware, backup software, etc.

[0070] Graphics workstations, 2 units, used for basic spatial data management and cache production.

[0071] There are 4 geographic information servers, 2 of which are used to build a cluster to deploy geographic information services, and 2 are used for hot standby deployment.

[0072] There are 4 database servers, which respectively deploy spatial database and spatial cache data.

[0073] One map application server, 2 servers, 1 for deploying GIS one map, and 1 for hot standby deployment.

[0074] For the communication network, assuming 1000 registered users and a 10% concurrent connection rate, a map can be accessed by 100 users per second. For 2D maps, assuming each user accessing the 2D map service consumes 1MB of bandwidth, the required bandwidth for the 2D map service is 100MB. For 3D scenes, assuming each user accesses the 3D scene service consumes 6MB of bandwidth, the required bandwidth for the 3D scene service is 600MB. Based on the current concurrent connection rate, a bandwidth requirement of 600MB or more can meet the requirements.

[0075] Storage,space data is estimated to be 15TB.

[0076] GIS data processing software, 1 set, is used to import and process the collected spatial data to form standardized heavy-haul railway spatial data resources.

[0077] GIS engine software, 2 sets, supports server clusters and provides 2D and 3D integrated spatial service capabilities.

[0078] The database software is PostgreSQL2 which stores spatial data, and the file data is completed by selecting a suitable distributed database according to the file type.

[0079] Operating system: 2 sets of Windows 10 operating systems are deployed on front-end machines; 6 servers are deployed based on the Linux operating system.

[0080] Deploy middleware based on independent and controllable enterprise-level application servers.

[0081] Backup software that supports multiple operating systems and databases including Linux, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and HDFS.

[0082] Program implementation

[0083] Relying on technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data, and through standardized and normalized design principles, we will build a railway GIS map and a railway basic spatial data resource pool to provide spatial data resources and spatial information service support for various professional application systems.

[0084] Spatial data system construction

[0085] The Railway Basic Spatial Data Resource Pool is a unified spatial data resource center for management departments and various professional application systems. Data richness and timeliness are the main characteristics of a railway GIS map.

[0086] Based on the principles of "sharing and using, cost saving, making full use of old data, and divide and conquer", the construction of a GIS map is initially planned to be based on existing data resources, using distributed technology and two- and three-dimensional integration technology as means to make up for the shortcomings of some spatial data support applications, and to build a set of standardized spatial data governance processes for heavy-load railways. This can not only make full use of the existing spatial data construction results, but also ensure the authority and availability of the system's spatial data, laying a solid foundation for supporting various professional spatial data applications.

[0087] In the data resource pool, data aggregation is the source and the origin of massive data; data storage is the management of data resources, which creates a foundation for data processing and application by effectively summarizing and organizing the collected data; data visualization and data application are important links closely related to data analysis. Data visualization is to present the structure of data analysis to users in various intuitive forms, so that users can understand the data analysis results more clearly, conveniently and deeply and use them; data application applies the new rules and new information obtained from the data analysis process to various different fields, in order to maximize the functions of data analysis results and the role of big data.

[0088] The resource pool adopts the mathematical foundation of basic spatial database, which not only facilitates the update and maintenance of basic spatial information data of heavy-haul railway in the future, but also facilitates the sharing and exchange of heavy-haul railway spatial information with various professional applications and industries within the industry.

[0089] In this embodiment, the spatial data resources uniformly adopt the following mathematical basis as the spatial benchmark:

[0090] Coordinate system: Adopt the 2000 National Geodetic Coordinate System and convert it to the engineering independent coordinate system;

[0091] Height datum: adopt the 1985 national height datum;

[0092] Map projection: Gauss-Krüger projection is used.

[0093] (1) Data aggregation

[0094] Based on project requirements and preliminary research, the data collection content must at least include the following categories:

[0095] 1) Basic spatial information data:

[0096] National vector map data, scaled at 1:50,000, in the CGCS2000 coordinate system, updated every two years. Contains multiple layers, including basic vector map data such as points of interest, county-level administrative divisions, single-line water systems, prefecture-level administrative divisions, urban rail transit, built-up areas, bridges, vegetation, provincial-level administrative divisions, natural place names, administrative place names, road centerlines, railways, planar water systems, and railway line data.

[0097] Basic satellite image data, resolution ≤ 10 meters, data format: tiff format, data coordinate system: CGCS2000, updated every two years.

[0098] 2) Railway spatial information data:

[0099] Railway 2D topic: Railway line data, segmented by station, with railway attributes such as direction, preceding and following stations, and line grade. Railway station data, including freight stations and marshalling yards, with railway attributes such as station code, telegraph code, line location, mileage, and station grade. Location data for various railway business-related facilities, including bridges, tunnels, signals, and switches.

[0100] Railway 3D Special Topic: High-precision satellite image data, satellite image data with a bandwidth of 5km on both sides of the railway centerline, with a resolution of ≤0.5m; satellite image data of the entire Hebei and Shanxi provinces, with a resolution of ≤2m; updated on demand.

[0101] Topographic data (DEM): High-precision topographic data collected around the Shuohuang Railway corridor is used, with the existing data accuracy as the standard. Combined with topographic data with an accuracy of 30m, it covers a large area of ​​Hebei and Shanxi provinces and is used for overlaying.

[0102] Oblique photography data: The entire Shuohuang Railway main line is 594 km long, with 200 m on each side along the line. The data accuracy is ≤ 5 cm and is updated as needed.

[0103] Model data: Model data serves as a crucial data source for the comprehensive application of three-dimensional spatial information. BIM model data is more detailed and accurate, and includes complete semantic and attribute information, meeting the needs of refined management in business applications. Furthermore, BIM model data boasts a more complete topological structure, making it more suitable for spatial query and analysis. It includes models of the line itself, tunnels, bridges, culverts, sound barriers, and ancillary stations along the line; as well as specialized equipment for engineering, electrical, and power supply services.

[0104] Engineering survey and mapping data: survey and mapping data of interest along the railway.

[0105] 3) Dynamic spatial information data:

[0106] Beidou positioning terminals collect various types of data in real time, including personnel and vehicle positioning information and related auxiliary information.

[0107] (2) Data processing

[0108] Heavy-haul railway spatial data covers multiple disciplines such as engineering, power supply, signaling, and communications. This type of data comes from different sources, has different formats, and is huge in quantity. It needs to be format converted, encoded, structured, and processed in a unified benchmark according to standard specifications. The basic purpose of data processing is to extract and derive valuable and meaningful data for heavy-haul railways from a large amount of data that may be disorganized and difficult to understand. Data processing is a necessary process to achieve the ordering of spatial data. Data processing is a key link in testing data quality. Data processing is a key step in achieving data sharing. General steps for spatial data processing Preprocessing and routine processing:

[0109] a) Data cleaning

[0110] Filter out data that does not meet requirements, including incomplete data, erroneous data, and duplicate data.

[0111] 1. Incomplete data: Some information that should be there is missing. This type of data needs to be filtered out and completed within the specified time. Only after completion can it be written into the data warehouse.

[0112] 2. Incorrect data: This is caused by writing data directly to the backend database without performing any validation after receiving the input. This needs to be extracted after the business system has corrected the data.

[0113] 3. Duplicate data: Export all fields of duplicate data records and reorganize them into the database.

[0114] b) Data conversion

[0115] A series of tasks are performed on data including format conversion, graphic processing, attribute entry association, paper archive scanning association, etc., to achieve the standardization, association and integrated management of graphic data, attribute data and electronic archives.

[0116] Routine treatment

[0117] a) Unified Data Format: Standardize the format of multi-source, heterogeneous data. Graphic data without topological relationships must be converted to geographic information data, and topological relationships must be established. Once unified, geographic information data should be merged and automatically joined, and data tables should be able to automatically assign attributes.

[0118] b) Coordinate transformation: To ensure data standard consistency, coordinate transformation is performed on the spatiotemporal data of this project based on coordinate transformation parameters, tools, materials and services.

[0119] c) Consistency processing: For the stored entity data and image data, the updated geographic data will be quickly and timely integrated into the map, and the corresponding range data will be updated in conjunction with the integrated results, and the original content will automatically become historical data.

[0120] d) Data sharing and distribution: It provides users with various data product retrieval, browsing, ordering and downloading services, as well as the collection of acquisition tasks, publishing of service information and other services. It is the window for the railway center to collect external information and distribute products.

[0121] Common types of spatial data processing include the following:

[0122] a) Vector data processing: Normalize newly deployed and existing vector data to unify the spatial benchmark.

[0123] The database construction standards follow the relevant standard requirements such as "Classification and Code of Basic Geographic Information Elements" (GB / T 13923-2006), "Basic Provisions for Basic Geographic Information Standard Data" (GB 21139-2007), and "Basic Provisions for Basic Geographic Information Databases" (CH / T 9005-2009), and are combined with actual application needs to build a spatiotemporal vector database.

[0124] The database construction process mainly includes steps such as data processing, quality inspection, data extraction, spatiotemporal processing, and electronic map production.

[0125] Data updating is a combination of traditional topographic mapping and aerial surveying. In addition to continuing to use this mechanism and method, this project will also consider using new basic surveying and mapping technologies and mechanisms. Technically, aerial surveying will be used to make up for the limitations of existing surveying methods. Mechanistically, basic surveying will be upgraded to geographic information surveying, and more information will be obtained at the data collection and production level, in order to obtain basic vector data that is highly current and rich in information.

[0126] b) Image data processing

[0127] The high-resolution satellite image data with a bandwidth of 5km on both sides of the existing railway centerline and the 2m resolution satellite image data of the entire Hebei Province and Shanxi Province are standardized and processed to construct a satellite image database.

[0128] Database construction standard, "CHT 9008.3-2010 Basic Geographic Information Digital Products 1:5001:10001:2000 Digital Orthophoto Map".

[0129] The database construction process and image data storage and update mainly use geographic information engine desktop software. After data correction, projection conversion, data splicing, data fusion, data color adjustment and other operations, it can be stored only after passing the quality inspection.

[0130] Data is updated on demand based on the timeliness requirements of the supported professional applications. New technologies and methods are fully utilized, such as drone aerial photography and oblique photogrammetry.

[0131] c) Model data processing

[0132] For GIS applications, model data, oblique photography, and equipment and facility model data are converted and processed according to the actual needs of the project's 3D model, and then subjected to varying degrees of lightweighting. Conventional 3D model lightweighting processes include: extracting the outer shell (separating the outer shell from the interior), simplifying the triangulated network, simplifying (deleting) sub-objects, deleting duplicate vertices, calculating (deleting) normals, splitting the model, merging the model, and other techniques to build a model database.

[0133] d) Terrain data processing

[0134] The newly deployed DEM data with a precision of 30 meters for the entire Shanxi and Hebei provinces and the existing high-precision terrain data along the railway are standardized and processed separately to construct a terrain database.

[0135] Database construction standards, "CHT 9008.2-2010 Basic Geographic Information Digital Achievements 1:5001:10001:2000 Digital Elevation Model", "CH / T 9022-2014 Basic Geographic Information Digital Achievements 1:5001:10001:20001:50001:10000 Digital Surface Model", "CH / T 9022-2014 Basic Geographic Information Digital Achievements 1:250001:500001:100000 Digital Surface Model", "CH / T9024-2014 Quality Inspection and Acceptance of Three-Dimensional Geographic Information Model Data Products".

[0136] Database construction process:

[0137] 1) TIN model generation: Create an image pyramid, create a relative file, extract point cloud, build an irregular triangulated network, smooth the triangulated network, and generate an irregular triangulated network model (TIN model);

[0138] 2) Data storage: Data is processed in the form of three-dimensional model data and marked in separate databases.

[0139] Data updates, making full use of drone aerial photography and oblique photogrammetry, through which high-resolution images can be quickly acquired, high-precision models can be established, and information along the railway and projects can be mastered. This method can be used especially for key railway construction and regulatory areas to ensure data freshness.

[0140] e) Dynamic spatial information data processing

[0141] This includes real-time location information based on Beidou and real-time data perceived by professional sensors. This primarily refers to the real-time data construction content perceived by professional sensors. Real-time location information data is primarily acquired and cleaned using a GIS single-image support engine.

[0142] Database construction standard, "GB / T 29746-2013 Real-time Traffic Information Service Data Structure"

[0143] Database construction process:

[0144] 1) Data acquisition: obtain the location data information, dynamic monitoring data structure and interface information of the connected sensors;

[0145] 2) Data processing: Spatialize the acquired location data so that it can be placed on the base map, organize basic attributes such as sensor address and name, and establish a sensor location spatial database;

[0146] 3) Spatiotemporal processing: Sensors are uniformly coded according to rules, and time attributes are added to each object, including the time when sensor location data was collected, to establish a spatiotemporal sensor location database;

[0147] 4) Dynamic perception data association processing: Establish the correspondence between sensor location and dynamic perception data through coding and data time, obtain the perception information corresponding to the node in real time or periodically, and form a spatiotemporal sensor perception database.

[0148] Data update, sensor location and dynamic perception data belong to the management scope of industry departments. Their update mainly relies on various industry departments. The main focus is to establish a spatial library of sensor location data. The sensor dynamic perception database is associated with each industry department through object coding. The location database and the dynamic perception database are updated by industry applications. The update method includes background batch update, online editing update, etc. The dynamic perception library is dynamically updated through the association code.

[0149] (3) Data storage

[0150] The data storage system provides reliable data storage and value extraction for a GIS map, meeting business performance requirements. The data storage system centralizes real-time and recorded data from various functional software within the business system through appropriate data acquisition methods or data synchronization mechanisms. It then performs real-time or post-processing computational analysis on this data to extract valuable information. The unified interface provided by the data access system then provides unified queries to the business system.

[0151] Data storage management software distinguishes data characteristics and adopts a divide-and-conquer approach based on this. Different data storage systems are used for different data types to achieve big data processing. For strongly relational structured data, relational databases or relational database clusters are used; for weakly relational structured or semi-structured data, distributed databases are used; and for unstructured data, distributed databases are used.

[0152] (4) Data visualization

[0153] Data visualization is the system's two- or three-dimensional visualization application window. Based on a global unified space-time framework, it enables data loading, display, browsing, and viewing. It supports basic functions such as measurement, calculation, annotation, and plotting of loaded data, providing a visualization basic support environment for the development of comprehensive business applications in the heavy-haul railway field.

[0154] Main technical indicators:

[0155] (1) System availability: System availability A≥99.99%, the system operates efficiently 24 hours a day, 7 days a week;

[0156] (2) System response time: For static mapping, simple queries, and map annotation, the output time is 1-3 seconds; for dynamic mapping, complex queries, spatial analysis, and online updates, the output time is 3-5 seconds; in a stable network environment, the system response time for a single operation on the interactive interface is less than 2 seconds;

[0157] (3) System scalability: The system design and construction fully consider the needs of future expansion, have a flexible and agile architecture, reserve service expansion interfaces, and adapt to system expansion;

[0158] (4) System concurrent processing capability: The system supports concurrent users ≥ 100, and the total number of requests processed per second ≥ 100 times / second.

[0159] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated data based on a GIS map, characterized in that: include: Aggregate basic spatial information data, railway-themed spatial information data, and dynamic spatial information data to construct spatial information data; performing data processing on the spatial information data, and constructing a spatial information database based on the processed spatial information data; Dynamically updating the spatial information database; storing the processed spatial information data according to data characteristics; Data visualization based on a unified spatiotemporal framework.

2. The method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional data based on a GIS map according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic spatial information data includes national vector map data and basic satellite image data; the railway thematic spatial information data includes railway two-dimensional thematic data, railway three-dimensional thematic data, terrain data, oblique photography data, model data and engineering survey data; the dynamic spatial information data includes personnel and vehicle positioning information and related auxiliary information collected in real time by the Beidou positioning terminal.

3. The method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional data based on a GIS map according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing includes data preprocessing and routine processing, data cleaning, data format conversion, graphic processing, attribute entry association, paper file scanning association, coordinate conversion, and consistency processing.

4. The method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional data based on a GIS map according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial information database includes a vector database, an image database, a model database, a terrain database and a dynamic spatial information database; For vector data, perform data processing, quality inspection, data extraction, spatiotemporal processing, and electronic map production to build the vector database; For the image database, after performing data correction, projection conversion, data splicing, data fusion, and data color adjustment, the image database is constructed; The model database is lightweighted, including extracting the shell, simplifying the triangulated network, simplifying the sub-objects, deleting duplicate vertices, calculating normals, splitting the model, and merging the model, to construct the model database.

5. The method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional data based on a GIS map according to claim 4, characterized in that: The construction process of the terrain database includes: Using the TIN model, an image pyramid is established according to the terrain data, a relative file is created, a point cloud is extracted, an irregular triangulated network and a smooth triangulated network are constructed, and an irregular triangulated network model is generated; The irregular triangulated network model is marked as a sub-library to construct the terrain database.

6. The method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional data based on a GIS map according to claim 4, characterized in that: The construction process of the dynamic spatial information database includes: Obtain sensor location data information, dynamic monitoring data structure and interface information; Performing spatial processing and spatiotemporal processing on the position data information; The corresponding relationship between the sensor position and the dynamic perception data is established through coding and data time, and the perception information corresponding to the node is obtained in real time or periodically to build the dynamic spatial information database.

7. The method for displaying 2D and 3D data based on a GIS map according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of dynamically updating the spatial information database includes: Use geographic information surveying and mapping methods instead of basic surveying and mapping methods, and use a combination of topographic mapping and aerial surveying to obtain basic vector data and update the vector database; Use drone aerial photography and oblique photogrammetry to update the image database; The sensor position data is associated with the dynamic perception data through object coding, and the dynamic spatial information database is updated through the association code.

8. The method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional data based on a GIS map according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of storing processed spatial information data according to data characteristics includes: For strongly relational structured data, a relational database or relational database cluster is used for storage; For weakly relational structured data or semi-structured data, a distributed database is used for storage; For unstructured data, a distributed database is used for storage.

9. The method for displaying two-dimensional and three-dimensional data based on a GIS map according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of data visualization based on a unified spatiotemporal framework includes: Based on the two / three-dimensional visualization application window and a unified space-time framework, data can be loaded, displayed, browsed, and the loaded data can be measured, calculated, labeled, and plotted.

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