Optical fiber wireless heterogeneous network intelligent monitoring system and method based on energy-information co-transmission

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical fiber wireless heterogeneous network intelligent monitoring system and method based on energy-information co-transmission, and relates to the technical field of optical fiber wireless heterogeneous network intelligent monitoring, the system comprises a central base station unit, an energy-information co-transmission optical fiber transmission unit and a micro-nano integration unit; the central base station unit is integrated with a high-power laser with a first preset wavelength, a light receiving unit with a second preset wavelength and a data processing subunit; the high-power laser is used for generating an optical signal for transmitting energy; the light receiving unit is used for receiving monitoring data; the data processing subunit is used for realizing clock recovery, code element synchronization, serial decoding and data display functions; and the energy-information co-transmission optical fiber transmission unit takes a multi-core optical cable as a physical carrier and adopts a wavelength division multiplexing technology to realize isolated transmission of energy and information, one end of the energy-information co-transmission optical fiber transmission unit is in communication connection with the central base station unit, and the other end of the energy-information co-transmission optical fiber transmission unit is in communication connection with each micro-nano integrated monitoring unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent monitoring technology for fiber optic wireless heterogeneous networks, specifically to an intelligent monitoring system and method for fiber optic wireless heterogeneous networks based on shared energy and communication transmission. Background Technology

[0002] With the in-depth advancement of the construction of new power systems and the Digital China strategy, the power grid is accelerating its evolution towards intelligence and digitalization. Underground confined spaces such as underground utility tunnels, cable tunnels, and integrated utility tunnels have become key deployment carriers for smart grid status perception. The monitoring of equipment operation status and environmental parameters in these scenarios is directly related to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The integrated application of energy and information transmission technology and fiber optic wireless heterogeneous networks is the core path to solve the problem of reliable transmission of monitoring data and continuous power supply to remote equipment in complex environments. Its transmission stability, power supply continuity, and monitoring accuracy directly affect the power grid's overall digital perception capability and operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0003] However, traditional underground space monitoring systems often face the following problems when dealing with scenarios such as electromagnetic shielding, limited power supply, and complex environments: First, the power supply mode has inherent limitations. Traditional monitoring equipment relies on wired power supply or disposable battery power, which is difficult and costly to install in underground spaces, and subsequent maintenance is cumbersome. Battery replacement requires frequent entry into confined spaces, which is not only inefficient but also poses safety risks. Furthermore, energy harvesting technology is limited by distance and environmental interference, making it difficult to ensure the long-term stable operation of monitoring equipment. Second, the communication link is fragile and has poor compatibility. The underground environment has severe electromagnetic shielding, and traditional wireless communication signals suffer from severe attenuation and high transmission error rates. Although single fiber optic communication has good anti-interference capabilities... While powerful, traditional monitoring nodes lack deployment flexibility and cannot adapt to the dynamic access requirements of multiple monitoring nodes. Furthermore, the existing optical cable standards are not uniform, making it difficult for heterogeneous networks to coordinate and resulting in data fragmentation between the sensing layer and the backbone network. In addition, the integration of monitoring nodes is low and their deployment is limited. Traditional monitoring nodes have single functions, with sensing, power supply, and communication modules scattered and large in size, making it difficult to accurately deploy them on the outside of multi-core optical cables. Moreover, the energy and information transmission lack coordinated design. In traditional solutions, energy transmission and information transmission are independent of each other and do not form an integrated link, resulting in high energy loss and high data transmission latency. It is impossible to achieve closed-loop coordination of power supply, communication, and monitoring, making it difficult to adapt to the high reliability and low power consumption monitoring requirements of complex underground environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent monitoring system and method for fiber optic wireless heterogeneous networks based on energy and communication co-transmission, so as to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent monitoring system for a heterogeneous fiber optic wireless network based on energy and information co-transmission, comprising: a central base station unit, an energy and information co-transmission fiber optic transmission unit, and a micro-nano integrated unit; the central base station unit integrates a high-power laser with a first preset wavelength, an optical receiving unit with a second preset wavelength, and a data processing subunit; the high-power laser is used to generate optical signals for transmitting energy; the optical receiving unit is used to receive monitoring data; the data processing subunit is used to realize clock recovery, symbol synchronization, serial decoding, and data display functions; the energy and information co-transmission fiber optic transmission unit uses a multi-core optical cable as the physical carrier and adopts wavelength division multiplexing technology to achieve isolated transmission of energy and information, with one end communicating with the central base station unit and the other end communicating with each micro-nano integrated monitoring unit respectively.

[0006] The micro-nano integrated unit is located at a designated position on the outside of the multi-core optical cable and includes a photovoltaic cell, an energy storage management unit, a communication module, a microcontroller unit, and a sensor unit. The photovoltaic cell is coupled to the power transmission fiber in the multi-core optical cable to convert light energy into electrical energy. The energy storage management unit is connected to the photovoltaic cell to store electrical energy and power the communication module, microcontroller unit, and sensor unit. The communication module is coupled to the communication fiber in the multi-core optical cable for optical communication. The communication module is connected to the microcontroller unit, and the microcontroller unit is connected to and controls the sensor unit.

[0007] The multi-core optical cable includes n power transmission optical fibers and m communication optical fibers, where n and m are both natural numbers not less than 1; the power transmission optical fibers are used to transmit optical signals of the first preset wavelength; the communication optical fibers are used to transmit optical signals of the second preset wavelength.

[0008] The first preset wavelength is 1550nm, and the high-power laser is a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 1550nm; the second preset wavelength is 1310nm.

[0009] The micro-nano integrated units are deployed along the deployment route of the multi-core optical cable, and the deployment method is equal or unequal spacing, so as to achieve targeted detection of environmental parameters at specific locations. By configuring sensor units of different types or combinations, the detection of different environmental target parameters can be achieved.

[0010] A method for intelligent monitoring of heterogeneous fiber optic wireless networks based on energy and communication sharing includes the following steps: node power-on self-identification and network registration; remote laser power supply and dynamic energy management; command issuance and heterogeneous link establishment; synchronous data acquisition and time-division multiplexing backhaul; time synchronization and delay calibration; state awareness and adaptive intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0011] Self-identification and network registration, the specific steps include: The process of collecting sensor self-identification information and completing node registration is as follows: the bus controller broadcasts a wake-up signal through the communication fiber; after receiving initial energy from the power transmission fiber, the energy storage management subunit of the micro-nano integrated unit powers the communication module and the microcontroller unit (MCU); the MCU controls the communication module to send self-identification information to the bus controller through the communication fiber; the bus controller receives and parses the self-identification information, establishes a network topology based on it, and completes the identity registration of all nodes; wherein, the self-identification information includes the node ID and sensor type.

[0012] Remote laser power supply and dynamic energy management, the specific steps include: The bus controller drives a high-power laser based on the registered node information, continuously emitting laser light of a specific wavelength to all nodes through the power transmission fiber; the photovoltaic cells of each micro-nano integrated unit convert the received laser light into DC power; its internal energy storage management unit starts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to efficiently extract electrical energy from the photovoltaic cells and store it in the energy storage element; providing continuous power for the sensor units, MCUs and communication modules of the entire node.

[0013] The specific steps for issuing commands and establishing heterogeneous links include: The bus controller encapsulates control commands into data frames; it modulates the data frames into optical signals via its direct-modulated laser (DML) and transmits them through the communication optical fiber; the photodetector (PD) in the communication module of the target micro-nano integrated unit demodulates the received optical signals into electrical signals and transmits them to the MCU; the MCU parses the electrical signals, obtains the control commands, and prepares to execute them.

[0014] Synchronous data acquisition and time-division multiplexing backhaul, the specific steps include: The MCU drives the corresponding sensor units to collect environmental parameters according to the parsed control instructions. After the collection is completed, the MCU preprocesses the collected data and encapsulates it into a data frame that conforms to the communication protocol.

[0015] The time-division multiplexing (TDMA) mechanism is adopted, and the bus controller allocates a unique communication time slot to each micro-nano integrated node. Under the control of the MCU, the communication module of each node modulates the encapsulated data frame into an uplink optical signal only within its allocated communication time slot. The uplink optical signal is then sent back to the bus controller through the communication optical fiber.

[0016] After the instruction is issued or the data is transmitted back, the system also includes an instruction response and loop judgment step: After receiving the instruction or sending the data, the microcontroller unit (MCU) of the micro-nano integrated unit enters a waiting state and listens for the next round of instructions issued by the bus controller; the bus controller determines whether to start the next round of data acquisition process according to the preset acquisition task cycle or external triggering conditions; if yes, it re-initiates the instruction containing timing signals and command signals; if no, it maintains the system in a low-power standby state.

[0017] In the time-division multiplexing backhaul step, after any node completes the transmission of its data frame, its communication module automatically clears the local transmission data buffer to prepare for receiving new collected data and the next round of transmission operations.

[0018] The time synchronization and transmission delay calibration process includes the following steps: the bus controller periodically broadcasts time synchronization pulses through the communication optical fiber; after receiving the synchronization pulses, the time receiving module of each micro-nano integrated unit generates and returns a corresponding delay pulse signal. The bus controller receives the delayed pulse signals returned by each node; it measures the transmission delay of each node by calculating the time difference from sending the synchronization pulse to receiving the delayed pulse signal; based on the measured transmission delay, it performs dynamic software correction on the local clock of each node to achieve time synchronization.

[0019] State awareness and adaptive intelligent operation and maintenance, the specific steps include: The bus controller monitors the status in real time, including analyzing the bit error rate and signal strength of the received data, and querying the remaining power of the node energy storage management unit; it makes intelligent decisions and adaptive adjustments based on the monitoring information, including: instructing nodes with remaining power below a threshold to enter a low-power sleep state; dynamically adjusting the output power of the high-power laser to optimize overall energy efficiency; and automatically switching the communication path to the backup wireless link when a fiber optic communication link failure is detected.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention constructs an integrated energy and communication link through wavelength division multiplexing technology. It relies on the energy transmission fiber (1550nm wavelength) and communication fiber (1310nm wavelength) in a multi-core optical cable to achieve synchronous and isolated transmission of energy and information. Unlike the existing technology that separates energy supply and communication, this invention can continuously deliver energy through a high-power semiconductor laser, which is converted by a photovoltaic cell and optimized by the maximum power tracking of the bq25505 chip. 2. This invention adopts a heterogeneous communication architecture with fiber optic as the main component and wireless as the auxiliary component. It combines multiple wireless modules such as 4G / 5G, Wi-Fi6, and LoRa. Unlike the single communication mode in the existing technology, this invention can dynamically switch the transmission link according to the electromagnetic environment and signal attenuation in scenarios such as underground pipe corridors. 3. The micro-nano integrated unit of the present invention integrates sensing, power supply, communication and control modules, supports flexible deployment with equal spacing (1m / 2m, etc.) or unequal spacing (60m / 100m, etc.), and can be configured with multiple types of sensor combinations (temperature / vibration / optical power, etc.). Unlike the existing technology where the monitoring nodes are functionally dispersed and deployment is limited, the present invention can adapt to different monitoring accuracy and coverage requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the intelligent monitoring method for fiber optic wireless heterogeneous networks based on shared energy and communication transmission according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a block diagram of wireless communication co-transmission in the fiber optic wireless heterogeneous network intelligent monitoring method based on energy and communication co-transmission of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the fiber optic energy and information sharing in the fiber optic wireless heterogeneous network intelligent monitoring method based on energy and information sharing in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent monitoring system for a heterogeneous fiber optic wireless network based on shared energy and information transmission. The system includes: a central base station unit, a shared energy and information transmission fiber optic unit, and a micro-nano integrated unit. The central base station unit integrates a high-power laser with a first preset wavelength, an optical receiving unit with a second preset wavelength, and a data processing subunit. The high-power laser generates an optical signal for transmitting energy. The optical receiving unit receives monitoring data. The data processing subunit performs clock recovery, symbol synchronization, serial decoding, and data display functions. The shared energy and information transmission fiber optic unit uses a multi-core optical cable as its physical carrier and employs wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to achieve isolated transmission of energy and information. One end of the unit is communicatively connected to the central base station unit, and the other end is communicatively connected to each micro-nano integrated monitoring unit.

[0024] The micro-nano integrated unit is located at a designated position on the outside of the multi-core optical cable and includes a photovoltaic cell, an energy storage management unit, a communication module, a microcontroller unit, and a sensor unit. The photovoltaic cell is coupled to the power transmission fiber in the multi-core optical cable to convert light energy into electrical energy. The energy storage management unit is connected to the photovoltaic cell to store electrical energy and power the communication module, microcontroller unit, and sensor unit. The communication module is coupled to the communication fiber in the multi-core optical cable for optical communication. The communication module is connected to the microcontroller unit, and the microcontroller unit is connected to and controls the sensor unit.

[0025] The multi-core optical cable includes n power transmission optical fibers and m communication optical fibers, where n and m are both natural numbers not less than 1; the power transmission optical fibers are used to transmit optical signals of the first preset wavelength; the communication optical fibers are used to transmit optical signals of the second preset wavelength.

[0026] The first preset wavelength is 1550nm, and the high-power laser is a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 1550nm; the second preset wavelength is 1310nm.

[0027] The micro-nano integrated units are deployed along the deployment route of the multi-core optical cable, and the deployment method is equal or unequal spacing, so as to achieve targeted detection of environmental parameters at specific locations. By configuring sensor units of different types or combinations, the detection of different environmental target parameters can be achieved.

[0028] A method for intelligent monitoring of heterogeneous fiber optic wireless networks based on energy and communication sharing includes the following steps: node power-on self-identification and network registration; remote laser power supply and dynamic energy management; command issuance and heterogeneous link establishment; synchronous data acquisition and time-division multiplexing backhaul; time synchronization and delay calibration; state awareness and adaptive intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0029] Self-identification and network registration, the specific steps include: The process of collecting sensor self-identification information and completing node registration is as follows: the bus controller broadcasts a wake-up signal through the communication fiber; after receiving initial energy from the power transmission fiber, the energy storage management subunit of the micro-nano integrated unit powers the communication module and the microcontroller unit (MCU); the MCU controls the communication module to send self-identification information to the bus controller through the communication fiber; the bus controller receives and parses the self-identification information, establishes a network topology based on it, and completes the identity registration of all nodes; wherein, the self-identification information includes the node ID and sensor type.

[0030] Remote laser power supply and dynamic energy management, the specific steps include: The bus controller drives a high-power laser based on the registered node information, continuously emitting laser light of a specific wavelength to all nodes through the power transmission fiber; the photovoltaic cells of each micro-nano integrated unit convert the received laser light into DC power; its internal energy storage management unit starts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to efficiently extract electrical energy from the photovoltaic cells and store it in the energy storage element; providing continuous power for the sensor units, MCUs and communication modules of the entire node.

[0031] The specific steps for issuing commands and establishing heterogeneous links include: The bus controller encapsulates control commands into data frames; it modulates the data frames into optical signals via its direct-modulated laser (DML) and transmits them through the communication optical fiber; the photodetector (PD) in the communication module of the target micro-nano integrated unit demodulates the received optical signals into electrical signals and transmits them to the MCU; the MCU parses the electrical signals, obtains the control commands, and prepares to execute them.

[0032] Synchronous data acquisition and time-division multiplexing backhaul, the specific steps include: The MCU drives the corresponding sensor units to collect environmental parameters according to the parsed control instructions. After the collection is completed, the MCU preprocesses the collected data and encapsulates it into a data frame that conforms to the communication protocol.

[0033] The time-division multiplexing (TDMA) mechanism is adopted, and the bus controller allocates a unique communication time slot to each micro-nano integrated node. Under the control of the MCU, the communication module of each node modulates the encapsulated data frame into an uplink optical signal only within its allocated communication time slot. The uplink optical signal is then sent back to the bus controller through the communication optical fiber.

[0034] After the instruction is issued or the data is transmitted back, the system also includes an instruction response and loop judgment step: After receiving the instruction or sending the data, the microcontroller unit (MCU) of the micro-nano integrated unit enters a waiting state and listens for the next round of instructions issued by the bus controller; the bus controller determines whether to start the next round of data acquisition process according to the preset acquisition task cycle or external triggering conditions; if yes, it re-initiates the instruction containing timing signals and command signals; if no, it maintains the system in a low-power standby state.

[0035] In the time-division multiplexing backhaul step, after any node completes the transmission of its data frame, its communication module automatically clears the local transmission data buffer to prepare for receiving new collected data and the next round of transmission operations.

[0036] The time synchronization and transmission delay calibration process includes the following steps: the bus controller periodically broadcasts time synchronization pulses through the communication optical fiber; after receiving the synchronization pulses, the time receiving module of each micro-nano integrated unit generates and returns a corresponding delay pulse signal. The bus controller receives the delayed pulse signals returned by each node; it measures the transmission delay of each node by calculating the time difference from sending the synchronization pulse to receiving the delayed pulse signal; based on the measured transmission delay, it performs dynamic software correction on the local clock of each node to achieve time synchronization.

[0037] State awareness and adaptive intelligent operation and maintenance, the specific steps include: The bus controller monitors the status in real time, including analyzing the bit error rate and signal strength of the received data, and querying the remaining power of the node energy storage management unit; it makes intelligent decisions and adaptive adjustments based on the monitoring information, including: instructing nodes with remaining power below a threshold to enter a low-power sleep state; dynamically adjusting the output power of the high-power laser to optimize overall energy efficiency; and automatically switching the communication path to the backup wireless link when a fiber optic communication link failure is detected.

[0038] In the implementation example: the standardization technology of the communication interface: the protocol stack logically divides the network into 7 layers, namely the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer. The bottom four layers provide data transmission services, while the top three layers provide services to end users. Each layer directly provides services to the upper layer, so the layers support each other. In this way, bidirectional network communication can be carried out from top to bottom (at the sending end) or from bottom to top (at the receiving end). Not all communication must go through all seven layers of OSI. Some may even only need to go through one of the corresponding layers of both parties. Communication between the two parties is carried out between peer layers.

[0039] The specific research on sensor communication is as follows: In wireless transmission theory, access methods are generally divided into space division multiplexing access, frequency division multiplexing access, code division multiplexing access, and time division multiplexing access. One transmission method is based on aloha, which can be further subdivided into pure aloha, time-slot aloha, and frame-time-slot aloha. Regardless, aloha-based transmission will inevitably encounter collisions. Therefore, designing a reasonable communication protocol is worth studying. Another transmission method is based on search tree. The biggest problem with search tree is that it requires a lot of time for terminal-sensor interaction, increasing communication time overhead. Transmission theory mainly discusses the performance of communication systems and the communication mechanisms used from a macroscopic perspective, while transmission protocols study and design specific communication protocols and strategies for specific scenarios from a microscopic perspective, clarifying the specific work in the data transmission process. For the passive sensor sensing problem studied in this invention, the core idea of ​​transmission protocol design is to satisfy the data interaction between passive sensors and terminal receivers. Currently, this data interaction mainly uses two protocols: aloha systems based on random access and search tree systems. Currently, most protocol design methods based on search tree access are designed based on the distribution characteristics of sensor identifiers. The distribution of sensor identifiers significantly affects the efficiency of the protocol. Therefore, different prefix sequence construction methods are required for different identifier distributions. In order to achieve the universality of the prefix sequence construction method, a hash function can be used to remap the sensor identifiers before designing the prefix sequence. According to the characteristics of the hash function, the new identifiers after mapping follow a uniform distribution, which reduces the dependence of the prefix design on the distribution of sensor identifiers, facilitates the universality of the prefix sequence construction method, and improves the protocol efficiency.

[0040] Fiber optic power transmission uses optical fiber as the transmission medium to transmit high-power lasers generated by lasers at base stations where power is unrestricted to remote units with limited energy. Then, photovoltaic cells specially optimized for lasers convert the laser light into direct current to power the remote sensing modules. As an optical transmission medium, optical fiber has strong confinement of the light transmitted within it, and will not generate unnecessary electromagnetic radiation to the external environment. At the same time, the raw material for making optical fiber is SiO2, whose insulation properties ensure that it is immune to the surrounding electromagnetic environment, strong electric fields, lightning, etc. The material is lightweight and easy to lay. Using optical fiber power supply can avoid the need for periodic battery replacements.

[0041] The fiber optic energy and information transmission system is used to realize remote energy transmission and synchronous information exchange, as detailed below: The entire system consists of three parts: a central base station, remote units, and fiber optic links. The base station mainly consists of a high-power laser responsible for energy supply, an optical receiving unit for receiving data optical signals, and a microprocessor unit for processing sensor data. The remote units include photovoltaic cells for lasers of specific wavelengths, a power management module, a microprocessor unit for receiving and processing sensor signals from various sensors, and a modulated optical emission unit. The base station and remote units are connected by a shared transmission fiber, with an energy transmission wavelength of 1550nm. All the energy required by the remote units is provided by the high-power laser at the base station. The high-power laser in the base station is a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 1550nm, providing high fiber input power. It has constant current drive and TEC temperature control system to ensure that the laser maintains stable output for a long time. The data link of the remote unit's sensing signal is connected to the base station through a common transmission fiber. The optical transmitter is a low-power laser with a wavelength of 1310nm. The corresponding optical receiving unit of the base station has a center wavelength of 1310nm. The remote unit uses a low-power processor for its microprocessor unit, with an average power consumption of less than 10mW. The base station's microprocessor unit uses a programmable logic device (FPGA) as the data processing unit to realize clock recovery, symbol synchronization, serial decoding, and data display functions.

[0042] The energy transmission system includes a laser emitting system and a laser receiving subsystem. The laser emitting system comprises a laser power supply, a laser, a laser emitting device, and a laser driver. The laser driver and power supply provide stable electrical energy to the laser and control its power and frequency. The laser converts electrical energy into laser light, which is then shaped and collimated by the emitting device before being emitted. The laser receiving system converts the laser light into electrical energy using a laser cell and efficiently stores and uses it through an energy management device, achieving efficient utilization of laser energy. The overall efficiency of the energy transmission system can be expressed as: η = η0 e *η t *η r In the formula: η is the overall efficiency of the energy transmission system; η e η is the product of the laser's electro-optical conversion efficiency and its emission efficiency. t η represents the transmission efficiency of laser light in optical fiber. r The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the receiving device is crucial. In practical situations, energy transmission systems cannot transmit energy to a specific point without loss, limited by the energy conversion efficiency of the laser and the receiving conversion efficiency of the laser cell. Therefore, high-performance lasers and laser cells contribute to improving the overall system efficiency. Lasers and laser cells used in energy transmission systems generally need to meet two basic constraints, as follows: High fiber optic transmission rates and suitable power densities are crucial. Due to impurities in the fiber, laser light suffers from refraction and scattering during atmospheric transmission, resulting in energy loss. Therefore, the laser in the energy transmission system needs to operate within a suitable spectral wavelength range, selecting a suitable fiber window for laser transmission to improve the overall efficiency of the system. Furthermore, the laser beam quality must be considered to ensure that the energy reaches the battery receiver with high concentration after traveling a set distance. This is often expressed using the power density Φ required for laser transmission to the receiver, specifically: Φ = R source *A source *η t / L 2 In the formula: R source It is the radiation output of the laser source (power per unit area per unit solid angle); A sourceThe total area of ​​the laser beam source is L; the transmission distance is L. As can be seen from the formula, there is a close relationship between the optical parameters of the laser, the laser transmission distance, and the laser power density. Therefore, in the energy transmission system, a high-brightness, high-power, and high-efficiency laser that meets the requirements should be selected. Regarding the spectral characteristics of laser cell materials, since photon energy is proportional to its frequency, photovoltaic cells made of specific materials only respond to light of a specific frequency corresponding to the material's bandgap energy. For example, GaAs is a direct bandgap semiconductor material with a bandgap energy of 1.42 eV. Photon energy below 1.42 eV is insufficient to generate electricity, while photon energy above 1.42 eV will result in excess photon energy that cannot be utilized. Simultaneously, when the laser irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell, some energy is reflected away, reducing photon absorption. To reduce optical losses and improve cell efficiency, a low-reflectivity photovoltaic material matching the laser wavelength should be selected. Among the spectral response curves of typical photovoltaic cell materials, Si cells and GaAs cells have high spectral responses to 808 nm incident laser light and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, the selection of photovoltaic cells in the system should correspond to the incident laser wavelength.

[0043] Energy Management System: The key component in the remote unit is a photovoltaic cell designed for specific wavelength lasers. All the electrical energy required by the remote unit is converted from this photovoltaic cell. The cell is grown using GaAs epitaxial growth technology with a bottom-insulating structure. The energy provided by the fiber optic power sensing system largely depends on the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. The performance of the photovoltaic cell depends on materials and manufacturing processes. The photovoltaic cell is neither a constant current source nor a constant voltage source; its output power has a maximum point, called the maximum power point (MPP). The MPP can only be obtained when the load and the converter's internal impedance are matched. If impedance matching cannot be achieved, the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell will decrease. From an operability and cost perspective, the power management module needs to track the MPP of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the maximum usable energy within the existing photovoltaic cell performance. The MPP voltage (VMPP) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the photovoltaic cell have a linear relationship: V MPP =M V *V OC M V The value of the proportionality constant is 0.71~0.80, which is related to the characteristics of the PPC. The maximum power point of the PPC varies with the incident light power and the ambient temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically sample the open-circuit voltage VOC to track it and use the formula to calculate the current V. MPP As a reference value, the operating voltage of the photovoltaic cell is adjusted in real time to ensure that it ultimately operates at V. MPPTo achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic cell, a power management module was standardized based on the above method. This module integrates a photovoltaic cell, MPPT, a supercapacitor, power monitoring, and a buck-boost DC-DC converter. The photovoltaic cell converts the energy of the incident laser beam into electrical energy. The MPPT circuit obtains the maximum power from the photovoltaic cell. When the power monitoring circuit detects that the voltage across the supercapacitor has reached a preset threshold voltage, the buck-boost DC-DC converter connects to the front-end circuit and outputs a suitable voltage for the relevant energy-consuming circuits. The supercapacitor serves two purposes: if the effective power provided by the control base station is insufficient to drive the remote unit, the supercapacitor can enable it to operate intermittently through energy storage; if the remote unit fails, the energy stored in the supercapacitor can maintain power supply temporarily, acting as a backup power source. Different types of transmission... The power supply methods for various sensors differ. For example, the DS18B20 temperature sensor has two different power supply modes: parasitic power supply and external power supply. Parasitic power supply is a method of powering the sensor through the data cable, and the output is approximately a constant voltage power supply. This method is singular and only suitable for single-sensor temperature measurement. When the energy management system needs to connect multiple temperature sensors, parasitic power supply cannot meet the needs of the energy management system. In this case, external power supply is the best working method for multiple sensor access. This power supply method is stable and reliable, has strong anti-interference capabilities, and plays a good role in the stability of multi-point parameter monitoring systems. Sensors connected to the energy communication system need to use external power supply and meet the low power consumption requirements. Corresponding adapter boards can be designed according to the sensor cable plugs to reduce the impact of external noise.

[0044] Optical fiber-based co-transmission: Optical fiber-based (ROF) technology involves the transmitter modulating a wireless radio frequency (RF) signal into the optical domain using optical fiber as the transmission medium. After transmission, the receiver recovers the RF signal and further demodulates it. The communication process of the optical fiber co-transmission system mainly includes the processing and transmission of downlink signals (signals emitted by the intermediate node) and uplink signals. The downlink signal first undergoes electro-optic conversion at the central node, for example, using the RF signal to modulate a laser. Then, the modulated optical signal is transmitted through optical fiber. Finally, at the remote terminal node, a photodetector demodulates the required RF signal. After filtering and amplification, signals conforming to wireless application standards such as Wi-Fi and Zigbee are obtained, realizing the conversion and transmission of radio frequency (RF) signals to optical signals and optical signals to electrical signals. In the uplink, in order to transmit RF signals in optical fibers, the RF signals need to be modulated into the optical domain, that is, optical signals are used to carry information. For the generation of optical signals, RF signals are used to modulate the light source. In the system, the method of modulating RF signals into optical signals is to use subcarrier signal modulation. There are two main ways to modulate the light source with RF signals: direct modulation and indirect modulation. Direct modulation is also called internal modulation, which uses direct signal control. The injected current of the light source causes the light intensity to change with the applied signal. Indirect modulation is also called external modulation. The light source emits a stable beam that enters the external modulator. The external modulator uses the electro-optic effect, acousto-optic effect, etc. of the medium to modulate the beam. Internal modulation structure is relatively simple and easy to implement. However, when directly modulating a semiconductor laser, the laser must operate within its linear operating range. That is, the modulation frequency must be lower than the tensor oscillation frequency of the laser field; otherwise, frequency chirp is easily generated. For external modulation technology, the modulation frequency can be very high (up to tens of GHz) and almost no frequency chirp is generated. When the radio frequency signal... When the operating frequency is low (such as RF signal frequency at 2.4Hz or 5GHz), direct modulation technology is often used. When the operating frequency of the RF signal is high (such as RF signal frequency in the 60GHz band), external modulation technology is often used. The reception of optical signals mainly uses photodetectors to recover the RF signal through direct detection. The two most commonly used photodetectors are PIN photodiodes (PIN-PD) and avalanche photodiodes (APD). After the RF signal is demodulated, it is generally filtered and amplified to meet the corresponding wireless transmission standards before being transmitted to the antenna and finally sent to the wireless terminal.

[0045] like Figure 2The diagram shows a wireless communication co-transmission structure. The remote unit receives the wireless signal from the sensor, passes it through a filter, converts it into an optical signal, and finally transmits the modulated optical signal through an optical fiber. At the receiving end, the optical signal is first demodulated by a detector to recover the corresponding wireless signal. After passing through a filter, the signal is amplified by a radio frequency amplifier with good linearity. Noise issues mainly arise from the introduction of components such as amplifiers, attenuators, and filters. Therefore, low-noise components should be selected as much as possible. Regarding linearity issues, although high-linearity components are selected, small-amplitude signal distortion is still unavoidable. For transmission systems with higher requirements, a pre-distortion circuit can be designed before the radio frequency signal modulates the laser to compensate for the laser's distortion, making its nonlinear characteristics exactly the opposite of those of nonlinear components.

[0046] The structural diagram of fiber optic communication is as follows: Figure 3As shown, solid lines represent communication lines, and dashed lines represent power supply lines. The fiber optic power and signal co-transmission system includes custom-made sensor interface modules, allowing for the deployment and processing of different sensors in a power transmission environment. In this scenario, sensors with different functions can coexist on the same bus to meet diverse monitoring needs. Sensors are devices used to sense a wide range of energy forms (such as motion, electrical signals, radiant energy, thermal energy, or magnetic energy), and can also be actuators used to switch voltage or current. The main bus is a co-transmission fiber optic cable that uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to transmit power and signals within the same optical fiber. The fiber optic power and signal co-transmission system includes 1550nm and 1310nm laser dual-channel transmission. In the right-hand direction, both signal and power transmission occur. Laser light from the powered laser is converted into electrical energy by a 1550nm InGaAs photovoltaic cell. This electrical energy is stored in a power management unit (PMU) that can charge active devices such as photodiodes (PDs) and direct-modulated lasers (DMLs). The sensor interface module is also powered. Communication between the bus controller and the sensor interface module uses a 1310nm laser. In this direction, the bus controller's signal is first modulated by the DML for transmission over the fiber optic bus. The PD demodulates the signal from the laser and forwards it to the sensor interface module. The sensor then responds according to the command signal. The sensor interface module performs a specific task, and in the opposite direction, a response signal is returned, modulated by a DLM and demodulated by a PD, and finally sent to the bus controller. To avoid interference and collisions, only one sensor interface module can be in the transmitting state at a time. Therefore, time-division multiplexing technology is used, with each sensor interface module occupying only one time slot for data transmission. The fiber optic bus has the advantages of being immune to electromagnetic interference and high-speed transmission, which is superior to wired buses. The fiber optic energy transmission system also includes a power management unit controlled by the bus controller, which solves the problem of energy waste. The PMU includes an MCU and two operating power supplies to meet the working states of active devices and sensor interface modules, as well as power supplies to meet the transmission requirements. The low-power power supply for the sensor interface module in standby mode charges the PMU as soon as the laser energy is converted into electrical energy. Initially, the PMU activates the active device power supply to ensure that the DML and PD are in operation, and activates the low-power power supply to ensure that the sensor interface module is in standby mode. In this state, the sensor interface module is allowed to send messages containing identification to the bus controller. When the MCU receives a command message from the bus controller, another power supply is activated to activate the corresponding sensor interface module to execute. This unit realizes power management for both working and standby modes, as well as power distribution control for different sensor interface modules, improving working efficiency and reducing unnecessary power consumption.

[0047] When the number of sensor interface modules is too small, it cannot meet the data acquisition needs of multiple monitoring points in the power transmission environment; when the number of sensor interface modules is too large, it becomes significantly difficult for independent devices to work together, and time synchronization also becomes challenging. To address this, a synchronous timing protocol controlled by a bus controller was designed. At the beginning of each timing period T, a periodic time pulse is sent, followed by a command message. When the data returns to the bus controller, the delay t of the return pulse is calculated and time correction is performed on each sensor interface module. Each sensor interface module occupies only one time slot for data transmission, and at most one sensor interface module is in the transmission state at any given time. Therefore, each working sensor interface module time-division multiplexes the return data. The bus controller sends timing pulses and commands, and the time receiving module returns time pulses. T is determined based on the transmission duration of each sensor interface module. like Figure 1 The sensor interface module shown first sends its own identifier, including allocation, function, and related parameters, to the bus controller. The fiber optic communication system can be expanded and upgraded because the sensors are plug-and-play. After receiving the user's request, the bus controller processes it and then controls and manages each sensor interface module and PMU by sending command messages. The required sensor interface module is powered on to the working state and transmits data. The data is transmitted in byte form. The bus controller reads the data one by one and calculates the time delay through the time receiver to achieve time synchronization, thereby completing the entire work of one round of sensing. In order to perform multi-parameter monitoring in the power transmission environment, the bus controller will send the identifier of the next sensor when the current sensing ends to realize sensor switching.

[0048] The optical cable needs to have its outer sheath removed at the branch node to lead out the optical fiber to connect the sensing module, and the branch needs to be vulcanized and sealed to meet the underwater operating environment. The design of the optical unit needs to be easy to strip without affecting the status of other optical fibers.

[0049] The main design objectives of the high-temperature and high-strength optical cable developed are: working wavelength 1550nm, attenuation constant ≤1dB / km, outer diameter (1.8±0.2)mm, line weight ≤4g / m, tensile strength ≥200N, and working temperature -100~100℃.

[0050] According to the Hanson model, improving the concentricity of the buffer layer and sheath helps reduce fiber loss at low temperatures. Reducing the thermal expansion coefficient of the buffer layer also reduces fiber loss at low temperatures. Therefore, the buffer layer of this optical cable uses a polyester material with a low expansion coefficient, and the sheath uses ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) material with a temperature resistance of 150℃. The concentricity of the buffer layer is also increased to over 85%. The optical fiber is a self-made high- and low-temperature resistant double-coated fiber with an operating temperature of -100~100℃. Considering the interconnectivity of the optical cable, the mode field diameter of the optical fiber is controlled above 9.2μm to reduce connection loss. In the design of the optical cable's strength performance, to meet the design requirement of tensile strength ≥200N, after comprehensive comparison and consideration, the optical cable reinforcement was selected from a new type of high-strength synthetic fiber material, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber (PBO), which has low density, high strength, good flexibility, and stable processing technology. According to calculations, the reinforcement (reinforcing layer) uses 16 PBO fibers, and the reinforcement method is braided. As a result, the tensile strength design value of the optical cable is as high as 2200N. Twelve bundle tubes and filler wires are twisted together outside the tensile structure. To avoid selecting the wrong bundle tubes when branching, the bundle tubes are color-coded and sorted for twisting. The sheath is made of seawater-resistant and wear-resistant polyether polyurethane. In order to reduce the compression caused by high water pressure, the twisting gaps are filled with water-blocking adhesive. The outer diameter of the finished cable is 10mm ± 0.3mm.

[0051] The branch cable serves as a branch connection cable to the main cable. One end is fused to the optical fiber of the main cable, and the other end connects to the optical path of the sensing module, ensuring the smooth operation of the system link. The main design requirements for branch cables are: the optical fiber must have sufficient load-bearing capacity to withstand the pulling force during deployment; the sheath material must be suitable for underwater use and possess good abrasion resistance and vulcanization resistance. Based on these requirements, the corresponding design is as follows: The sheath adopts a double-layer sheath structure. The inner sheath is made of high-strength polyether TPU with good vulcanization characteristics and hydrolysis resistance. The inner sheath is made of PE with high hardness to provide sufficient pressure protection. A layer of high-strength aramid fiber is woven between the sheaths to provide tensile strength for the branch cable and enhance the wear resistance and tear resistance of the sheath. The bundle tube adopts a thick-walled pressure-bearing design. The main cable and branch cables are connected by a brancher. The brancher has a certain tensile strength. Exposed cable core units and branch joints are vulcanized and sealed with vulcanizing molds to ensure watertightness and pressure resistance. At the branch point of the main cable, the sheath is removed, a bundle tube is taken out and fused with the branch optical fiber, and ultra-fine heat shrink tubing is used for protection, and a spiral armor tube is sleeved for pressure protection.

[0052] The sensor module is connected to the main cable via a branch cable. The maximum operating depth of the sensor module is 1000 meters, and the enclosure must withstand pressure exceeding 10 MPa. Since metal materials cannot be used, the selection of high-strength non-metallic materials is limited. This project can use polyoxymethylene (POM), which has very high mechanical strength and rigidity, commonly known as "acetal". POM also possesses fatigue resistance, creep resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance, impact resistance, and organic solvent resistance. It also exhibits weak polarity and good vulcanization bonding performance.

[0053] In the field of optical communication, optical transceiver modules primarily perform photoelectric signal conversion. When the client's network layer sends data to the physical layer, the physical layer sends an electrical signal containing that data to the optical module. The receiver (TOSA) of the optical module then converts the electrical signal into an optical signal for transmission into the optical fiber. This data-containing optical signal is then sent along the link layer to the server's optical module. Upon receiving the optical signal, the receiver (TOSA) converts it back into an electrical signal. The physical layer then transmits this data-containing electrical signal to the network layer, which in turn transmits it to the application layer to complete the data transmission. The optical module mainly consists of four parts: a main control chip (MCU), a transmitter, a receiver, and electrical interfaces, as well as a PCB board (which integrates...). The components include clock and data recovery chips and laser driver chips. Specifically: the CDR (Clock Data Recovery) chip extracts the clock signal from the input signal and finds the phase relationship between the clock signal and the data, essentially recovering the clock. The CDR also compensates for signal loss in traces and connectors. The LaserDiodeDriver (LDD) converts the CDR's output signal into a corresponding modulation signal to drive the laser. Different types of lasers require different types of LDD chips. In short-range multimode optical modules (e.g., 100GSR4), the CDR and LDD are generally integrated on the same chip. The TOSA (Optical Transformer Autoencoder) chip performs electro-optical conversion, primarily involving the laser... Devices such as MPD, TEC, isolators, Mux, and coupling lenses are available in TO-CAN, Gold-BOX, COC, and COB packages. For optical modules used in data centers, to save costs, TEC, MPD, and isolators are not essential. Mux is only used in optical modules requiring wavelength division multiplexing. In addition, some optical modules' LDDs are also packaged in TOSA. ROSA is used to realize optical-to-electrical conversion and mainly includes PD / APD, DeMux, and coupling components. The package type is generally the same as TOSA. PD is used for short- and medium-distance optical modules, while APD is mainly used in long-distance optical modules. TIA is used in conjunction with detectors. The detector converts optical signals into current signals, and the TIA converts electrical signals into current signals. The current signal is processed into a voltage signal of a certain amplitude, which can be understood as a large resistor; the LA is used for the TIA. The output amplitude changes with the received optical power. The role of the LA is to process the changing output amplitude into a constant amplitude electrical signal, providing a stable voltage signal to the CDR and decision circuit. In high-speed modules, the LA is usually integrated with the TIA or CDR; the MCU is responsible for the operation of the underlying software, monitoring of the optical module-related DDM functions, and some specific functions. DDM monitoring mainly realizes the real-time monitoring of five analog signals: temperature, Vcc voltage, Bias current, Rxpower, and Txpower. These parameters are used to determine the working status of the optical module, which facilitates the maintenance of the optical communication link.

[0054] Commercial optical transceiver modules (PD and LD) both use To56 packages. To reduce the size of optical transceiver modules, a BOSA based on a To38 package was designed. The size of the To56 packaged optical transceiver module is 10*6*8=480; the size of the To38 packaged optical transceiver module is 8*4*7=224. Fiber optic connectors can be categorized by transmission medium into common silicon-based single-mode and multi-mode connectors, as well as other types using plastic as the transmission medium. They can also be classified by connector structure, including FC, SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, MT, and various other types. The dimensions of these commonly used connectors generally exceed 4cm. If fiber optic splicing is applied, the splice length exceeds 6cm. Using these fiber optic splicing solutions in intelligent micro / nano nodes would result in a large micro / nano node size. To reduce size and improve integration, micro / nano nodes use a 2.5mm ceramic ferrule for direct insertion.

[0055] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent monitoring system for a fiber wireless heterogeneous network based on energy co-transmission, characterized in that it comprises: The system comprises a central base station unit, an energy and information co-transmission optical fiber transmission unit and a micro-nano integrated unit; the central base station unit is integrated with a high-power laser of a first preset wavelength, an optical receiving unit of a second preset wavelength and a data processing subunit; the high-power laser is used for generating an optical signal of transmission energy; the optical receiving unit is used for receiving monitoring data; the data processing subunit is used for realizing clock recovery, symbol synchronization, serial decoding and data display functions; the energy and information co-transmission optical fiber transmission unit takes a multi-core optical cable as a physical carrier and adopts a wavelength division multiplexing technology to realize isolated transmission of energy and information, one end of which is in communication connection with the central base station unit and the other end thereof is in communication connection with each micro-nano integrated monitoring unit. 2.The intelligent monitoring system for the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission according to claim 1, wherein: The micro-nano integrated unit is arranged at a designated position outside the multi-core optical cable and comprises a photovoltaic cell, an energy storage management unit, a communication module, a micro control unit and a sensor unit; the photovoltaic cell is coupled to a transmission optical fiber in the multi-core optical cable and is used for converting optical energy into electrical energy; The energy storage management unit is connected to the photovoltaic cell and is used for storing electrical energy and supplying power to the communication module, the micro control unit and the sensor unit; The communication module is coupled to a communication optical fiber in the multi-core optical cable and is used for optical communication; the communication module is connected to the micro control unit and the micro control unit is connected to and controls the sensor unit.

3. The intelligent monitoring system for the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-core optical cable comprises n transmission optical fibers and m communication optical fibers, wherein n and m are both natural numbers not less than 1; the transmission optical fibers are used for transmitting the optical signal of the first preset wavelength; and the communication optical fibers are used for transmitting the optical signal of the second preset wavelength.

4. The intelligent monitoring system for the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first preset wavelength is 1550 nm and the high-power laser is a semiconductor laser of 1550 nm wavelength; and the second preset wavelength is 1310 nm.

5. The intelligent monitoring system for the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: The micro-nano integrated unit is arranged along a deployment route of the multi-core optical cable in an equal interval or unequal interval arrangement to realize targeted detection of environmental parameters at specific positions and realize detection of different environmental target parameters by configuring different types or combinations of sensor units.

6. The intelligent monitoring method for the optical wireless heterogeneous network based on the energy and signal co-transmission, applied to the intelligent monitoring system for the optical wireless heterogeneous network based on the energy and signal co-transmission according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: node power-on self-identification and network registration; remote laser energy supply and dynamic energy management; instruction issuing and heterogeneous link establishment; synchronous data acquisition and time division multiplexing backhaul; time synchronization and delay calibration; state perception and adaptive intelligent operation and maintenance. 7.The intelligent monitoring method of the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that: The node power-on self-identification and network registration comprise the following steps: The sensor self-identification information is collected and node registration is completed, and the specific process is as follows: the bus controller broadcasts a wake-up signal through a communication optical fiber; the energy storage management subunit of the micro-nano integrated unit supplies power to the communication module and the micro control unit (MCU) after receiving initial energy from the transmission optical fiber; the MCU controls the communication module to send self-identification information to the bus controller through the communication optical fiber; the bus controller receives and analyzes the self-identification information to establish a network topology and complete the identity registration of all nodes; wherein, the self-identification information comprises a node ID and a sensor type. 8.The intelligent monitoring method of the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission according to claim 7, characterized in that: The remote laser energy supply and dynamic energy management comprise the following steps: The bus controller drives the high-power laser according to the registered node information, and continuously emits laser of a specific wavelength to all nodes through the energy transmission optical fiber; the photovoltaic cell of each micro-nano integrated unit converts the received laser into direct current; the internal energy storage management unit starts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, efficiently extracts the electric energy from the photovoltaic cell, and stores the electric energy into the energy storage element; and the entire node sensor unit, MCU and communication module are provided with continuous working energy. 9.The intelligent monitoring method of the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission, according to claim 8, characterized in that: The instruction issuing and heterogeneous link establishing include the following steps: The bus controller encapsulates the control instruction into a data frame; the data frame is modulated into an optical signal by a direct modulation laser (DML), and is sent through the communication optical fiber; the photodetector (PD) in the communication module of the target micro-nano integrated unit demodulates the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the MCU; the MCU analyzes the electrical signal, obtains the control instruction, and prepares to execute the control instruction.

10. The method of intelligent monitoring of a radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on energy co-transmission according to claim 9, characterized in that: The synchronous data acquisition and time division multiplexing backhaul include the following steps: The MCU drives the corresponding sensor unit to collect the environmental parameters according to the analyzed control instruction; after the collection is completed, the MCU pre-processes the collected data, and encapsulates the data into a data frame conforming to the communication protocol; The time division multiplexing (TDMA) mechanism is adopted, and the bus controller allocates a unique communication time slot to each micro-nano integrated node; under the control of the MCU, the communication module of each node modulates the encapsulated data frame into an uplink optical signal only in the communication time slot allocated to the node; and the uplink optical signal is sent back to the bus controller through the communication optical fiber. 11.The intelligent monitoring method of the radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on the energy signal co-transmission, according to claim 10, characterized in that: After the instruction issuing or data backhaul, the instruction response and cycle judgment steps include: the micro control unit (MCU) of the micro-nano integrated unit enters a waiting state after receiving the instruction or sending the data, and listens to the next round of instructions issued by the bus controller; The bus controller judges whether to start the next round of data acquisition process according to the preset acquisition task period or external triggering condition; If yes, the instruction containing the timing signal and the command signal is re-initiated; if no, the system is maintained in a low-power standby state.

12. The method of intelligent monitoring of a radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on energy co-transmission according to claim 11, characterized in that: In the time division multiplexing backhaul step, when any node completes the sending of the data frame, the communication module of the node automatically clears the local sending data buffer area, and prepares to receive new collection data and the next round of sending operation.

13. The method of intelligent monitoring of a radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on energy co-transmission according to claim 12, characterized in that: The time synchronization and transmission delay calibration include the following steps: the bus controller periodically broadcasts a time synchronization pulse through the communication optical fiber; the time receiving module of each micro-nano integrated unit generates and returns a corresponding delay pulse signal after receiving the synchronization pulse; The bus controller receives the delay pulse signals returned by the nodes; the transmission delay of each node is measured by calculating the time difference from sending the synchronization pulse to receiving the delay pulse signal; the local clock of each node is dynamically software corrected based on the measured transmission delay, so that the time synchronization is realized.

14. The method of intelligent monitoring of a radio-over-fiber heterogeneous network based on energy co-transmission according to claim 13, characterized in that: The state perception and adaptive intelligent operation and maintenance include the following steps: The bus controller monitors the status in real time, including analyzing the bit error rate and signal strength of the received data, and querying the remaining power of the node energy storage management unit; based on the monitoring information, intelligent decision-making and adaptive adjustment are carried out, the adjustment includes: instructing the nodes with remaining power below the threshold to enter the low-power sleep state; dynamically adjusting the output power of the high-power laser to optimize the overall energy efficiency; when the optical fiber communication link is monitored to be faulty, the communication path is automatically switched to the standby wireless link.

Images