An intelligent electrically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent electric control tuning and multi-frequency band interference suppression antenna switching system and relates to the technical field of communication quality monitoring.The application aims at the problem that communication links are easily affected by multipath interference and polarization mismatch in complex environments such as military training and border patrol, and realizes dynamic and real-time channel quality sensing and intelligent tuning.The system automatically adjusts matching network parameters and antenna posture by accurately collecting and evaluating signal strength, bit error rate, signal-to-noise ratio and multipath fading parameters.Meanwhile, the system intelligently analyzes polarization deviation in combination with environmental perception, dynamically switches polarization modes, and effectively suppresses signal attenuation caused by multipath interference and polarization mismatch.The system supports multi-frequency band automatic switching, ensures that the communication link is quickly recovered when the frequency band is fading or the interference is serious, enhances the efficiency of troop command scheduling and cooperative combat, and promotes the demand for high-quality wireless communication in dynamic battlefield environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication quality monitoring technology, specifically to an intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system. Background Technology

[0002] In field missions such as military training, border patrols, field training, and tactical exercises, communication support is the core support for rapid response, coordinated command, and mission execution. However, these scenarios are often characterized by complex terrain and drastic environmental changes. Especially in areas such as urban training areas, high mountains and forests, and dense canyons, communication signals are easily affected by interference such as multipath reflection, obstruction, and diffraction, leading to signal fading, frequent jitter, and increased bit error rate, which seriously affects the stability and real-time performance of the troops' communication links.

[0003] Currently, most military portable communication devices still primarily use fixed frequency bands and fixed polarization. While they possess some anti-jamming capabilities, they cannot flexibly adjust to changes in the real-time propagation path in complex environments. When the signal polarization direction deviates significantly from the receiving antenna polarization, polarization mismatch occurs, resulting in a marked decrease in received power and a significant impact on communication quality. Furthermore, existing devices have limited anti-multipath interference capabilities, lack dynamic identification and suppression mechanisms, and employ relatively simple tuning methods. Polarization mode switching is typically limited to fixed modes, lacking intelligent dynamic adjustment capabilities. Consequently, they struggle to effectively adapt to the challenges of frequency band changes, polarization drift, and the coexistence of multipath interference in complex battlefield environments, ultimately leading to problems such as link interruptions and information delays.

[0004] In summary, traditional military portable radios are mostly fixed-polarization and fixed-frequency band, lacking real-time polarization adjustment and intelligent tuning capabilities for dynamic electromagnetic environments. When signal polarization shifts significantly in training or combat scenarios, communication system matching decreases, bit error rate increases, and anti-jamming capability weakens, potentially leading to communication breakdowns between units and impacting overall combat effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system to enhance link stability and mission completion rates in various environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system, comprising a channel quality sensing module, an antenna tuning module, and a polarization mode switching module.

[0007] The channel quality sensing module is used to construct a cluster network communication consisting of several antenna nodes at the emergency rescue site, and to collect real-time received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio information from each antenna node to the receiving end, and to construct the channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node. j The multipath fading coefficient corresponding to the j-th antenna node after normalization. The communication quality of the antenna node is evaluated under two conditions to determine its communication quality status. If the evaluation result indicates that the communication quality is unqualified, a corresponding tuning command or frequency band switching command is generated, and the corresponding antenna tuning module and polarization mode switching module are activated in conjunction to complete the restoration of communication link quality.

[0008] The antenna node is mounted on a backpack communication platform and includes: an antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device, a bendable gooseneck, a first radiator, an automatic switching device for extending shortwave band length, and a second radiator.

[0009] The antenna tuning module is used to receive corresponding tuning commands, perform matching network parameter adjustment and antenna structure attitude adjustment operations of corresponding amplitude, and detect in real time the change amplitude of the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after tuning execution. It is used to determine whether the tuning operation meets the quality standards. If it does not meet the standards, an update adjustment command is generated.

[0010] The polarization mode switching module is used to identify the j-th antenna node in urban high-rise areas, mountain reflection areas, and woodland obstruction areas, and aggregate them into a group susceptible to interference. It also collects polarization-related interference data to construct the average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node. The system then evaluates the results, obtains a second evaluation result, and generates a corresponding polarization mode switching instruction based on the second evaluation result.

[0011] Preferably, the channel quality awareness module includes a trunking communication architecture unit;

[0012] The cluster communication architecture unit is used to build a cluster network communication system consisting of multiple backpack communication stations carried by rescuers at the emergency rescue site. Each backpack communication station is equipped with an independent smart antenna, forming multiple antenna nodes that can work independently.

[0013] The antenna node is mounted on a backpack communication platform and includes: an antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device, a bendable gooseneck, a first radiator, an automatic switching device for extending shortwave band length, and a second radiator.

[0014] The first radiator is used for VHF band communication;

[0015] The second radiator is a shortwave electrical length extension body;

[0016] The shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device is used to automatically connect or disconnect the second radiator in shortwave communication mode;

[0017] The bendable gooseneck is used to adjust the antenna angle and deployment posture.

[0018] The antenna switching and tuning device is used to automatically switch and impedance matching between different frequency bands.

[0019] The antenna node structure is detachable and foldable, consisting of five sections with a total length of 2530mm ± 10mm.

[0020] Preferably, the channel quality sensing module further includes a channel data acquisition unit and a first judgment unit;

[0021] The channel data acquisition unit is used to collect the received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio parameters of each antenna node in the communication link in real time through the radio frequency receiving device and signal processor at the receiving end of the antenna node, and calculate the channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node using the node number j as an index. j and multipath fading coefficient F j ;

[0022] The channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node j The calculation method is as follows:

[0023] ;

[0024] in, This represents the received signal strength of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the interval [0,1]. The range is [-100, -40] dBm, and the normalization process is as follows: ;

[0025] in, It is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the [0,1] interval. The range is [0, 30] dB, and the normalization process is as follows: ;

[0026] in, Let be the bit error rate of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the interval [0,1]. The bit error rate range is [0,0.1]. The normalization process is as follows: ; , and These represent the weighting coefficients;

[0027] The multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node jThe calculation method is as follows:

[0028] Standard deviation of the received signal strength over time period T and average The multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node is calculated using the following formula. j :

[0029] ;

[0030] And the multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node j Normalize to the [0,1] interval to obtain the normalized multipath fading coefficient corresponding to the j-th antenna node. :

[0031] ;

[0032] in, The empirical maximum tolerable fading threshold is set to 0.2.

[0033] Preferably, the first judgment unit is used to judge the communication quality of the j-th antenna node, including:

[0034] When Q j >0.7, and When the time is right, it indicates that the communication quality of the j-th antenna node is acceptable;

[0035] When Q j >0.7, and When the j-th antenna node is at risk of multipath interference, it indicates that the signal is strong but jittery, and the first tuning command is generated.

[0036] When Q j ∈[0.5,0.7], or When the communication quality of the j-th antenna node fails to meet the requirements, a second tuning command is generated.

[0037] When Q j <0.5, or When the communication quality of the j-th antenna node is unsatisfactory, a third tuning command is generated;

[0038] When Q j <0.5, or When more than three time cycles have elapsed, a frequency band switching command is triggered, including: activating the backup frequency band, executing the frequency band switching command through the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device, switching from VHF to shortwave HF; and initializing the second radiator and its corresponding polarization state.

[0039] Preferably, the antenna tuning module includes an instruction recognition unit and a tuning execution unit;

[0040] The instruction recognition unit is used to receive and recognize a first tuning instruction, a second tuning instruction, or a third tuning instruction generated by the first judgment unit, and allocate corresponding tuning operation amplitudes accordingly. The corresponding tuning instruction operation is then executed by the tuning execution unit, including:

[0041] The first tuning command includes: making minor adjustments only to the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device, specifically including: fine-tuning the series branch inductor L1 with an adjustment range of ±5%; fine-tuning the parallel branch capacitor C1 with an adjustment range of ±3 picofarads; while keeping the first radiator in an active state, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device and the second radiator do not participate in the adjustment.

[0042] The second tuning command includes a medium-amplitude adjustment of the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device, including adjusting the series inductor L1 by ±15%, adjusting the parallel capacitors C1 and C2 by ±10 picofarads each, keeping the first radiator active, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device and the second radiator still not participating in the operation.

[0043] The third tuning command includes: performing a significant adjustment operation on the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device, specifically including: expanding the adjustment range of the series branch inductor L1 to ±25% based on the current basis; adjusting the parallel branch capacitors C1 and C2 by ±20 picofarads respectively; and keeping the first radiator continuously active while the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device and the second radiator do not participate in the adjustment.

[0044] Preferably, the antenna tuning module further includes an update unit;

[0045] The update unit is used to perform the following steps after the corresponding tuning command:

[0046] Real-time detection of the change in the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after tuning execution. Used to determine whether the tuning operation meets the quality standards:

[0047] ;

[0048] in, This represents the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after the tuning operation is performed. This represents the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node before the tuning operation is performed.

[0049] when ≥0.1 and Q j A value greater than 0.7 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is valid, the tuning is successful, and the communication quality is satisfactory.

[0050] when ≥0.1 but Q j Within the range of [0.5, 0.7], it indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is valid but not fully recovered, and an updated adjustment command is generated, including: fine-tuning the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and VHF broadband tuning device again, specifically: the series branch inductor L1 is fine-tuned by ±2% based on the current value; the parallel branch capacitor C1 is fine-tuned by ±1.5 picofarads based on the current value; at the same time, a small attitude correction is made to the bendable gooseneck attitude, fine-tuning it by ±10° based on the existing angle, which is used to correct the main lobe direction of the antenna radiation pattern and further adapt to the multipath propagation path in the dynamic environment; the first radiator remains active, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device and the second radiator do not participate in the adjustment; until Q j Up to 0.7;

[0051] when ≥0.1 and Q j <0.5 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is effective, but the communication quality is still unacceptable. The tuning command is updated to be consistent with the previously mentioned update command, until Q... j Up to 0.7;

[0052] when <0.1, and Q j ≤0.7 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is invalid; triggers a frequency band switching command.

[0053] Preferably, the polarization mode switching module includes an environmental data acquisition unit, a polarization deviation analysis unit, and a second evaluation unit;

[0054] The environmental data acquisition unit is used to collect environmental information of the j-th antenna node in the target area, including the distribution density of high-rise buildings M, vegetation coverage Z, and terrain slope P.

[0055] When the density of high-rise buildings M exceeds X buildings, the j-th antenna node is identified as a high-rise building area in the target area.

[0056] When the distribution density of high-rise buildings M ≥ 5 buildings, and The j-th antenna node is identified as being located in a high-rise urban area within the target region.

[0057] When the terrain slope is ≥15°, and The j-th antenna node is identified as a mountainous reflection zone within the target area.

[0058] When the vegetation coverage Z ≥ 60%, and the average signal strength received by the j-th antenna node within time period T... <Signal strength threshold, identify the j-th antenna node as a woodland obstruction area in the target region;

[0059] The j-th antenna node, which identifies urban high-rise areas, mountain reflection areas, and woodland obstruction areas, is then used to generate an easily interfered group.

[0060] Preferably, the polarization deviation analysis unit is used to collect polarization-related interference data received by the j-th antenna node in the easily interfered group, including components of different polarization directions;

[0061] The method of obtaining it is as follows:

[0062] The polarization deviation analysis unit is used to collect data on the j-th antenna node. Horizontal polarization complex signal component at time 1 and vertically polarized complex signal components Where k = 1, 2, ..., N, and N is the total number of samples;

[0063] ;

[0064] ;

[0065] in, Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The amplitude value of the horizontal polarization component at time; j represents the imaginary unit;

[0066] Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The amplitude value of the vertical polarization component at any given time;

[0067] Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The phase angle corresponding to the horizontal polarization component at time 1;

[0068] Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The phase angle corresponding to the vertical polarization component at any given moment;

[0069] Based on the acquired complex signal, calculate the position of the j-th antenna node. Polarization deviation angle at time This describes the degree to which the polarization direction of the received signal deviates from the ideal polarization direction. The calculation expression is:

[0070] ;

[0071] Where arg(·) represents the complex argument function;

[0072] The average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node is calculated by averaging the polarization deviation angles sampled at N time points. :

[0073] .

[0074] Preferably, the second evaluation unit is used to evaluate the average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node. To make a judgment and obtain the second evaluation result, the judgment criteria are as follows:

[0075] like If the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node matches the received signal, the current polarization mode should be maintained without switching.

[0076] like If ∈[25°,45°], it indicates that the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node does not match the received signal, and there is a first-level deviation risk. A "slant polarization mode adjustment instruction" is generated, which includes: adjusting the matching network parameters through antenna switching and VHF broadband tuning device, fine-tuning the series branch inductor L1 by ±10%, and fine-tuning the parallel branch capacitor C1 by ±5 picofarads to change the polarization component ratio; adjusting the attitude through the bendable gooseneck, adjusting the angle range to ±30° to achieve physical polarization direction deflection; and maintaining the first radiator in an active state.

[0077] like This indicates that the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node does not match the received signal, posing a risk of second polarization deviation. A "circular polarization mode adjustment command" is generated, which includes: activating the second radiator via a shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device to achieve circular polarization antenna mode switching; reconfiguring the matching network using the antenna switching and VHF broadband tuning device, adjusting inductor L2 and capacitor C3 to match the circular polarization characteristics (adjustment range set according to frequency band requirements, typically ±15% for inductor and ±10pF for capacitor); performing small-amplitude (±15°) attitude adjustments using a bendable gooseneck to optimize the radiation direction; and shutting down the first radiator to avoid signal interference.

[0078] like If , it means that the current polarization direction of the j-th antenna node is matched with the received signal and the alignment is relatively perfect. The vertical polarization mode is forcibly maintained, including: keeping the first radiator active to maintain vertical polarization radiation; the bendable gooseneck can be finely adjusted by ±5° to accurately align with the main direction of the signal; the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device and the second radiator are kept disconnected to avoid interference.

[0079] This invention provides an intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0080] This invention constructs a cluster network system composed of multiple backpack communication stations, coupled with a real-time channel quality awareness mechanism. This system dynamically monitors the communication performance of each antenna node, identifying signs of link degradation such as sudden increases in bit error rate, signal strength fluctuations, and decreased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This effectively improves communication robustness in complex terrains such as jungles, urban buildings, or valleys. The channel quality awareness module collects and evaluates received signal strength, bit error rate, and SNR in real time, enabling precise perception of the communication link's health status. When link quality deteriorates, it can promptly generate tuning commands or frequency band switching commands, thus quickly responding to communication fluctuations and significantly reducing link interruptions, data loss, and voice interruptions, ensuring stable communication support at the mission site.

[0081] The antenna tuning module supports a three-level dynamic response mechanism: fine-tuning, medium-amplitude tuning, and large-amplitude tuning. It can flexibly adjust the matching network parameters and antenna structure angle according to the degree of communication mismatch, avoiding increased system power consumption and response delay caused by frequent frequency band switching due to slight mismatch, thus improving spectrum resource utilization efficiency. Furthermore, it can be further fine-tuned with update commands to adapt to continuous small environmental changes, improving the accuracy of the tuning closed-loop control.

[0082] In environments with significant multipath effects (such as urban building reflections and woodland obstruction), this system can effectively optimize the VSWR by adjusting inductor and capacitor parameters and antenna attitude, reducing drastic signal strength fluctuations caused by path mismatch. The polarization mode switching module actively assesses and switches the antenna polarization state based on the spatial characteristics and polarization mismatch statistics of typical complex environments (such as urban high-rises, dense woodlands, and mountainous reflection zones). Compared to traditional fixed polarization schemes, it can more effectively match the actual signal propagation polarization direction, improve reception efficiency, reduce polarization mismatch loss, and suppress polarization-related interference, effectively improving bit error rate performance. In scenarios where communication quality is severely degraded and multiple tuning attempts are ineffective, this system can automatically activate a backup frequency band (such as switching from VHF to HF) and, in conjunction with activating a second radiator and an automatic extension switching device, complete seamless cross-frequency band switching, ensuring the continuity and recoverability of long-distance communication capabilities and effectively expanding communication coverage. The antenna structure used in this invention is a portable, foldable design that can be quickly deployed in backpack radio systems, meeting the tactical concealment and mobility requirements of individual soldiers and squad-level missions. Its bendable gooseneck mechanism allows it to maintain vertical polarization when lying down for concealment, ensuring that the communication coverage angle is not compromised by changes in posture, thus meeting the conditions for actual combat use. Attached Figure Description

[0083] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna switching system for intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression according to the present invention.

[0084] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the antenna node installed on the backpack communication station.

[0085] 1. Antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device; 2. Bendable gooseneck; 3. First radiator; 4. Automatic switching device for shortwave electrical length extension; 5. Second radiator. Detailed Implementation

[0086] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides an intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system, including a channel quality sensing module, an antenna tuning module, and a polarization mode switching module:

[0089] The channel quality sensing module is used to construct a cluster network communication consisting of several antenna nodes at the emergency rescue site, and to collect real-time received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio information from each antenna node to the receiving end, and to construct the channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node. j The multipath fading coefficient corresponding to the j-th antenna node after normalization. The communication quality of the antenna node is evaluated under two conditions to determine its communication quality status. If the evaluation result indicates that the communication quality is unqualified, a corresponding tuning command or frequency band switching command is generated, and the corresponding antenna tuning module and polarization mode switching module are activated in conjunction to complete the restoration of communication link quality.

[0090] The antenna node is mounted on a backpack communication platform and includes: an antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device 1, a bendable gooseneck 2, a first radiator 3, a shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4, and a second radiator 5.

[0091] The antenna tuning module is used to receive corresponding tuning commands, perform matching network parameter adjustment and antenna structure attitude adjustment operations of corresponding amplitude, and detect in real time the change amplitude of the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after tuning execution. It is used to determine whether the tuning operation meets the quality standards. If it does not meet the standards, an update adjustment command is generated.

[0092] The polarization mode switching module is used to identify the j-th antenna node in urban high-rise areas, mountain reflection areas, and woodland obstruction areas, and aggregate them into a group susceptible to interference. It also collects polarization-related interference data to construct the average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node. The system then evaluates the results, obtains a second evaluation result, and generates a corresponding polarization mode switching instruction based on the second evaluation result.

[0093] In this embodiment, by constructing a cluster network system composed of multiple backpack communication stations and cooperating with a real-time channel quality awareness mechanism, the communication performance of each antenna node can be dynamically monitored, identifying signs of link degradation such as sudden increases in bit error rate, signal strength fluctuations, and decreased signal-to-noise ratio. This effectively improves communication robustness in complex terrains such as jungles, urban buildings, or valleys. The channel quality awareness module collects and evaluates received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio in real time, achieving accurate perception of the health status of the communication link. When link quality deteriorates, tuning commands or frequency band switching commands can be generated promptly, thereby quickly responding to communication fluctuations and significantly reducing link interruptions, data loss, and voice interruptions, ensuring stable communication support at the mission site.

[0094] The antenna tuning module supports a three-level dynamic response mechanism: fine-tuning, medium-amplitude tuning, and large-amplitude tuning. It can flexibly adjust the matching network parameters and antenna structure angle according to the degree of communication mismatch, avoiding increased system power consumption and response delay caused by frequent frequency band switching due to slight mismatch, thus improving spectrum resource utilization efficiency. Furthermore, it can be further fine-tuned with update commands to adapt to continuous small environmental changes, improving the accuracy of the tuning closed-loop control.

[0095] In environments with significant multipath effects (such as urban building reflections and woodland obstruction), this system can effectively optimize the VSWR by adjusting inductor and capacitor parameters and antenna attitude, reducing drastic signal strength fluctuations caused by path mismatch. The polarization mode switching module actively assesses and switches the antenna polarization state based on the spatial characteristics and polarization mismatch statistics of typical complex environments (such as urban high-rises, dense woodlands, and mountainous reflection zones). Compared to traditional fixed polarization schemes, it can more effectively match the actual signal propagation polarization direction, improve reception efficiency, reduce polarization mismatch loss, and suppress polarization-related interference, effectively improving bit error rate performance. In scenarios where communication quality is severely degraded and multiple tuning attempts are ineffective, this system can automatically activate a backup frequency band (such as switching from VHF to HF) and, in conjunction with activating a second radiator and an automatic extension switching device, complete seamless cross-frequency band switching, ensuring the continuity and recoverability of long-distance communication capabilities and effectively expanding communication coverage. The antenna structure used in this invention is a portable, foldable design that can be quickly deployed in backpack radio systems, meeting the tactical concealment and mobility requirements of individual soldiers and squad-level missions. Its bendable gooseneck mechanism allows it to maintain vertical polarization when lying down for concealment, ensuring that the communication coverage angle is not compromised by changes in posture, thus meeting the conditions for actual combat use.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 1. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the channel quality awareness module includes a trunking communication architecture unit;

[0098] The cluster communication architecture unit is used to build a cluster network communication system consisting of multiple backpack communication stations carried by rescuers at the emergency rescue site. Each backpack communication station is equipped with an independent smart antenna, forming multiple antenna nodes that can work independently.

[0099] like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna node is installed on a backpack communication platform and includes: an antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device 1, a bendable gooseneck 2, a first radiator 3, a shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4, and a second radiator 5.

[0100] The first radiator 3 is used for VHF band communication;

[0101] The second radiator 5 is a shortwave electrical length extension body;

[0102] The shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 is used to automatically connect or disconnect the second radiator 5 in shortwave communication mode.

[0103] The bendable gooseneck 2 is used to adjust the antenna angle and deployment posture;

[0104] The antenna switching and tuning device is used to automatically switch and impedance matching between different frequency bands.

[0105] The tuning elements include:

[0106] The series inductor L1 is a series branch in the VHF broadband tuning device 1. Its function is as a series inductor, used to adjust the antenna input impedance and improve the matching accuracy in the VHF band. The adjustable amplitude is used to compensate for small mismatches and suppress the standing wave ratio.

[0107] The parallel capacitor C1 is a parallel branch in the VHF broadband tuning device 1. It works in conjunction with L1 to adjust the resonant frequency and achieve fine tuning in the VHF range.

[0108] The parallel capacitor C2 is an additional parallel branch within the ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device 1; it participates in the tuning of the matching circuit in medium-amplitude / large-amplitude tuning scenarios to improve anti-interference and frequency band adaptability.

[0109] The series inductor L2 is the matching network in the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4. When switching to the shortwave HF band, it works with C3 to form a circular polarization matching circuit to meet the requirements of low-frequency longwave communication.

[0110] Parallel capacitor C3, matching network in shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4, is used to match the antenna impedance characteristics under shortwave frequency band and adapt to circular polarization mode.

[0111] like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna node structure is a detachable and foldable type, consisting of five sections with a total length of 2530mm ± 10mm. It features a lightweight and miniaturized structure, offering excellent portability and mobility, facilitating rapid installation and deployment at emergency sites.

[0112] In VHF communication mode, the automatic tuning of the matching impedance is achieved by the antenna switching at the antenna base and the broadband matching network embedded in the VHF broadband tuning device 1. The antenna interface adopts the 80C model interface, which is a common general-purpose whip antenna interface used in military backpack shortwave radios. It can be directly screwed into the backpack communication radio without the need for additional adapters. After the antenna is screwed into the matching backpack communication radio, the system automatically selects the shortwave or VHF communication frequency band for operation according to the working instructions issued by the radio. If the radio is in VHF transceiver mode, no DC control signal is required. The radio frequency signal will be directly injected into the first radiator 3 through the VHF broadband network matching unit, realizing efficient VHF band transceiver operation.

[0113] If the radio switches to shortwave communication mode, a DC control signal will accompany the transmission of radio frequency signals, driving the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 to automatically disconnect the VHF matching network and connect to the second radiator 5, thereby extending the overall electrical size of the antenna and forming a series combination of "first radiator + second radiator", improving the shortwave band radiation efficiency and achieving better long-distance shortwave communication effect.

[0114] To meet the communication needs of special states such as lying down and concealed during missions and tactics, the antenna node is equipped with a bendable gooseneck structure, supporting adjustable angle bending within a certain range. When lying down on the ground, the antenna can be bent from the gooseneck to maintain its vertical polarization, thereby maintaining horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristics and ensuring the stability and omnidirectional consistency of communication coverage.

[0115] Example 3

[0116] This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 1. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the channel quality sensing module further includes a channel data acquisition unit and a first judgment unit;

[0117] The channel data acquisition unit is used to collect the received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio parameters of each antenna node in the communication link in real time through the radio frequency receiving device and signal processor at the receiving end of the antenna node, and calculate the channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node using the node number j as an index. j and multipath fading coefficient F j ;

[0118] The channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node j The calculation method is as follows:

[0119] ;

[0120] in, This represents the received signal strength of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the interval [0,1]. The range is [-100, -40] dBm, and the normalization process is as follows: ;

[0121] in, It is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the [0,1] interval. The range is [0, 30] dB, and the normalization process is as follows: ;

[0122] in, Let be the bit error rate of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the interval [0,1]. The bit error rate range is [0,0.1]. The normalization process is as follows: The lower the bit error rate of the j-th antenna node, the better, so in Q... j Chinese Indicates "correctness"; , and These represent the weighting coefficients;

[0123] In complex environments (including urban emergency rescue and high-rise buildings in forested areas), communication signals are often affected by multipath reflection, diffraction, and scattering, leading to rapid fluctuations in signal strength (i.e., small-scale fading). This can severely interfere with voice quality or data consistency, but traditional Q-band communication... j Such "rapidly changing channel problems" are not easily captured in indices;

[0124] The multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node j The calculation method is as follows:

[0125] Standard deviation of the received signal strength over time period T and average The multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node is calculated using the following formula. j :

[0126] ;

[0127] And the multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node j Normalize to the [0,1] interval to obtain the normalized multipath fading coefficient corresponding to the j-th antenna node. :

[0128] ;

[0129] in, The maximum tolerance threshold for fading based on experience is set to 0.2; the normalized small jitter tolerance range: after normalizing the signal strength to the [0,1] interval, 0.2 means that a short-term drop in signal strength of less than 20% will not trigger an alarm or tuning.

[0130] Collect the received signal strength within a given time window, i.e., time period T. The sequence, expressed as: N represents the total number of sampled values;

[0131] Then: average value The calculation expression is:

[0132] ;

[0133] in, This represents the received signal strength at the i-th sampling point of the j-th antenna node;

[0134] Standard deviation The calculation expression is:

[0135] .

[0136] In this embodiment, the channel quality index Q is constructed by simultaneously collecting and fusing key communication indicators such as received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio. j This method comprehensively reflects the availability, correctness, and anti-interference capability of the link, making it more scientific and reliable than traditional evaluation methods that rely solely on a single signal strength. A normalization mechanism is introduced to map each physical parameter to a unified range [0,1], avoiding inconsistencies in parameter calculations caused by differences in equipment models, antenna gains, or RF front-ends, thus improving the module's versatility and compatibility across different communication platforms. Traditional Q... j The index is insufficient to effectively identify rapid channel fluctuations caused by factors such as building reflections and woodland obstruction. Introducing a multipath fading coefficient Fj, modeled based on the ratio of the standard deviation to the average value of the received signal strength, can capture short-term, drastic fluctuations, significantly improving the dynamic identification capability of rapidly changing channels and facilitating timely issuance of link risk warnings or tuning commands.

[0137] Example 4

[0138] This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 1. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the first judgment unit is used to judge the communication quality of the j-th antenna node, including:

[0139] When Qj > 0.7, and When the time is right, it indicates that the communication quality of the j-th antenna node is acceptable;

[0140] When Q j >0.7, and When the j-th antenna node is at risk of multipath interference, it indicates that the signal is strong but jittery, and the first tuning command is generated.

[0141] When Q j ∈[0.5,0.7], or When the communication quality of the j-th antenna node fails to meet the requirements, a second tuning command is generated.

[0142] When Q j <0.5, or When the communication quality of the j-th antenna node is unsatisfactory, a third tuning command is generated;

[0143] When Q j <0.5, or When more than three time cycles have elapsed, a frequency band switching command is triggered, including: activating the backup frequency band, executing the frequency band switching command through the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4, reconfiguring the matching network, switching from VHF to shortwave HF, enabling the resonant parameters suitable for the shortwave frequency band, and initializing the second radiator 5 and its corresponding polarization state.

[0144] When Qj > 0.7, it indicates that the communication link is stable, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, and the bit error rate is low, which meets the basic requirements of high-quality communication. This threshold is based on the excellent interval division in the typical wireless link quality evaluation model (for example, the LQI value in the ZigBee network is higher than 200 / 255, which is approximately equal to 0.78).

[0145] Q j When the value is in the range [0.5, 0.7], it indicates that the link quality is in a critical state, with fluctuations or occasional interference, which may affect the stability of continuous communication. Therefore, it is judged as having unqualified but adjustable communication quality.

[0146] Q j When the value is less than 0.5, it indicates severe link attenuation or strong interference. Referring to the wireless channel, a BER index greater than 10^-3 or an SNR less than 6dB is the standard criterion for communication failure.

[0147] The multipath fading coefficient corresponding to the j-th antenna node Cases exceeding 0.3 indicate that although Q j The score is high, but the signal has problems such as multipath reflection or sudden strong interference, so the first tuning command needs to be issued for dynamic filtering or pointing optimization.

[0148] Q within multiple periods (e.g., three consecutive time periods) j All values ​​were below 0.5. Based on the judgment of continuous link instability, it was determined that the current frequency band was no longer applicable. Therefore, the frequency band switching mechanism was triggered, prioritizing the switch from VHF to the HF band, which has stronger penetration and better multipath resistance.

[0149] In this embodiment, the first judgment unit, through comprehensive analysis of the channel quality index Qj and multipath fading coefficient of the j-th antenna node, employs a multi-level judgment mechanism to accurately distinguish different communication quality states, including qualified communication quality, multipath interference risk, and varying degrees of communication degradation. This allows for the generation of corresponding tuning commands, achieving phased and dynamic adjustment. Specifically, when the communication quality remains below a threshold for an extended period, the system automatically triggers frequency band switching, activating the backup shortwave band and coordinating with the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device to switch to the HF band. Simultaneously, it initializes the second radiator and its polarization state, significantly improving the stability and anti-interference capability of the communication link. This mechanism effectively ensures the adaptive adjustment and link continuity of the communication system in complex and ever-changing tactical and emergency environments, improving the command and dispatch efficiency and mission completion rate of troops or emergency personnel.

[0150] Example 5

[0151] This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 1. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the antenna tuning module includes an instruction recognition unit and a tuning execution unit;

[0152] The instruction recognition unit is used to receive and recognize a first tuning instruction, a second tuning instruction, or a third tuning instruction generated by the first judgment unit, and allocate corresponding tuning operation amplitudes accordingly. The corresponding tuning instruction operation is then executed by the tuning execution unit, including:

[0153] The first tuning command includes: making minor adjustments only to the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and VHF broadband tuning device 1, specifically including: fine-tuning the series branch inductor L1 by ±5%; fine-tuning the parallel branch capacitor C1 by ±3 picofarads; while keeping the first radiator 3 in an active state, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 and the second radiator 5 do not participate in the adjustment; this fine-tuning is used to compensate for small mismatches or signal reception strength. Jitter is reduced, suppressing the rise in VSWR and improving communication stability;

[0154] The second tuning command includes a medium-amplitude adjustment of the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device 1, including adjusting the series inductor L1 by ±15%, adjusting the parallel capacitors C1 and C2 by ±10 picofarads each, keeping the first radiator 3 in an active state, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 and the second radiator 5 still not participating in the operation. This level of tuning is mainly used to respond to the decrease in bit error rate or channel quality, optimize the communication link quality, and delay the frequency band switching demand.

[0155] The third tuning command includes: performing significant adjustments to the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and UHF broadband tuning device 1. Specifically, this includes: expanding the adjustment range of the series branch inductor L1 to ±25%; adjusting the parallel branch capacitors C1 and C2 by ±20 picofarads each; and ensuring the first radiator 3 remains continuously active while the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 and the second radiator 5 do not participate in the adjustment. This level of tuning is used in scenarios with severe RSSI fluctuations, significant multipath mismatch, or a rapid decline in the communication signal-to-noise ratio to maximize the matching potential of the current frequency band, thereby delaying or avoiding frequency band switching requests and improving the link's anti-interference capability and stability.

[0156] In this embodiment, the antenna tuning module accurately receives and classifies multi-level tuning commands from the first judgment unit through the command recognition unit. It allocates fine, medium, and large tuning amplitudes according to different communication quality conditions, flexibly adjusting the matching network parameters to achieve refined matching optimization. The tuning execution unit strictly adjusts the impedance parameters of the series inductor L1 and parallel capacitors C1 and C2 according to the commands, while maintaining the stability of the antenna radiator structure, avoiding frequent frequency band switching, and fully exploiting the performance potential of the current frequency band. This multi-level tuning mechanism effectively compensates for small signal mismatches, suppresses RSSI jitter and increases VSWR, and improves communication link stability. For scenarios with severe multipath interference and deteriorated signal-to-noise ratio, it implements large-amplitude tuning to delay frequency band switching, enhancing the link's anti-interference capability and communication reliability. Overall, it improves the system's adaptability and continuous operational communication support level in complex battlefield and emergency environments.

[0157] Example 6

[0158] This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 1. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the antenna tuning module also includes an update unit;

[0159] The update unit is used to perform the following steps after the corresponding tuning command:

[0160] Real-time detection of the change in the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after tuning execution. Used to determine whether the tuning operation meets the quality standards:

[0161] ;

[0162] in, This represents the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after the tuning operation is performed. This represents the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node before the tuning operation is performed.

[0163] when ≥0.1 and Qj A value greater than 0.7 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is valid, the tuning is successful, and the communication quality is satisfactory.

[0164] when ≥0.1 but Q j Within the range of [0.5, 0.7], it indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is valid but not fully recovered, and an updated adjustment command is generated, including: fine-tuning the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and VHF broadband tuning device 1 again, specifically: the series branch inductor L1 is fine-tuned by ±2% based on the current value; the parallel branch capacitor C1 is fine-tuned by ±1.5 picofarads based on the current value; at the same time, a small attitude correction is made to the attitude of the bendable gooseneck 2, which is fine-tuned by ±10° based on the existing angle, in order to correct the main lobe direction of the antenna radiation pattern and further adapt to the multipath propagation path in the dynamic environment; the first radiator 3 remains active, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 and the second radiator 5 do not participate in the adjustment; until Q j Up to 0.7;

[0165] when ≥0.1 and Q j <0.5 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is effective, but the communication quality is still unacceptable. The tuning command is updated to be consistent with the previously mentioned update command, until Q... j Up to 0.7;

[0166] when <0.1, and Q j ≤0.7 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is invalid; triggering a frequency band switching command. The triggering frequency band switching command includes: activating the backup frequency band, executing the frequency band switching command through the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4, reconfiguring the matching network, switching from VHF to shortwave HF, enabling the resonant parameters suitable for the shortwave frequency band; and initializing the second radiator 5 and its corresponding polarization state.

[0167] In this embodiment, the antenna tuning module uses an update unit to monitor and provide feedback on the effect of each tuning command in real time. The update unit accurately detects the change in the channel quality index before and after tuning of the j-th antenna node, and dynamically evaluates whether the tuning has achieved the expected effect based on a set threshold and communication quality standards.

[0168] When the tuning operation significantly improves the communication quality and meets the qualified standard, the tuning is judged to be successful and the communication link is stable. If the quality is improved but not fully restored, the update unit automatically issues fine adjustment instructions, including fine adjustment of matching network parameters and fine adjustment of the bendable gooseneck angle, to optimize the antenna radiation main lobe direction, more accurately adapt to the multipath propagation environment, and continuously improve the communication quality until it meets the qualified standard.

[0169] If tuning is effective but communication quality still fails to meet standards, the aforementioned update and adjustment strategy continues to ensure the system fully utilizes the current frequency band performance. If the tuning effect is insufficient to improve channel quality, a frequency band switching command is triggered, the backup frequency band is activated, and the automatic switching from VHF to shortwave HF is completed automatically via the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device. The matching network and polarization state are then reconfigured to ensure the continuity and reliability of the communication link.

[0170] This updated feedback mechanism enables closed-loop adaptive adjustment of antenna tuning, significantly enhancing the system's response to dynamic and complex electromagnetic environments, improving the stability and anti-interference level of communication links, and ensuring efficient command and mission execution in military training and tactical scenarios.

[0171] Example 7

[0172] This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 1. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, the polarization mode switching module includes an environmental data acquisition unit, a polarization deviation analysis unit, and a second evaluation unit.

[0173] The environmental data acquisition unit is used to collect environmental information of the j-th antenna node in the target area, including the distribution density of high-rise buildings M, vegetation coverage Z, and terrain slope P.

[0174] When the density of high-rise buildings M exceeds X buildings, the j-th antenna node is identified as a high-rise building area in the target area.

[0175] When the distribution density of high-rise buildings M ≥ 5 buildings, and The j-th antenna node is identified as being located in a high-rise urban area within the target region.

[0176] When the terrain slope is ≥15°, and The j-th antenna node is identified as a mountainous reflection zone within the target area.

[0177] When the vegetation coverage Z ≥ 60%, and the average signal strength received by the j-th antenna node within time period T... <Signal strength threshold, identify the j-th antenna node as a woodland obstruction area in the target region;

[0178] The j-th antenna node, which identifies urban high-rise areas, mountain reflection areas, and woodland obstruction areas, is then used to generate an easily interfered group.

[0179] The polarization deviation analysis unit is used to collect polarization-related interference data received by the j-th antenna node in the easily interfered group, including components of different polarization directions.

[0180] The method of obtaining it is as follows:

[0181] The polarization deviation analysis unit is used to collect data on the j-th antenna node. Horizontal polarization complex signal component at time 1 and vertically polarized complex signal components Where k = 1, 2, ..., N, and N is the total number of samples;

[0182] ;

[0183] ;

[0184] in, Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The amplitude value of the horizontal polarization component at time; j represents the imaginary unit;

[0185] Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The amplitude value of the vertical polarization component at any given time;

[0186] Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The phase angle corresponding to the horizontal polarization component at time 1;

[0187] Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The phase angle corresponding to the vertical polarization component at any given moment;

[0188] Based on the acquired complex signal, calculate the position of the j-th antenna node. Polarization deviation angle at time This describes the degree to which the polarization direction of the received signal deviates from the ideal polarization direction. The calculation expression is:

[0189] ;

[0190] Where arg(·) represents the complex argument function;

[0191] The average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node is calculated by averaging the polarization deviation angles sampled at N time points. :

[0192] .

[0193] The second evaluation unit is used to evaluate the average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node. To make a judgment and obtain the second evaluation result, the judgment criteria are as follows:

[0194] like If the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node matches the received signal, the current polarization mode should be maintained without switching.

[0195] like If ∈[25°,45°], it indicates that the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node does not match the received signal, and there is a first-level deviation risk. A "slant polarization mode adjustment instruction" is generated, which includes: adjusting the matching network parameters through antenna switching and VHF broadband tuning device 1, fine-tuning the series branch inductor L1 by ±10%, and fine-tuning the parallel branch capacitor C1 by ±5 picofarads to change the polarization component ratio; adjusting the attitude through the bendable gooseneck 2, with an adjustment angle range of ±30°, to achieve physical polarization direction deflection; and keeping the first radiator 3 in an active state.

[0196] like If the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node does not match the received signal, there is a risk of second polarization deviation, and a "circular polarization mode adjustment command" is generated, including: connecting the second radiator 5 through the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 to realize the circular polarization antenna mode switching; reconfiguring the matching network of the antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device 1, adjusting the inductor L2 and capacitor C3 to match the circular polarization characteristics, the adjustment range is set according to the frequency band requirements, generally ±15% for inductor and ±10pF for capacitor; the bendable gooseneck 2 can be used for small attitude fine-tuning of ±15° to optimize the radiation direction; and turning off the first radiator 3 to avoid signal interference.

[0197] like If the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node is matched with the received signal and the alignment is relatively perfect, then the vertical polarization mode is forcibly maintained, including: keeping the first radiator 3 active to maintain vertical polarization radiation; the bendable gooseneck 2 can be finely adjusted by ±5° to accurately align with the main direction of the signal; the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device 4 and the second radiator 5 are kept disconnected to avoid interference.

[0198] In this embodiment, by collecting multi-dimensional environmental parameters such as the distribution density of high-rise buildings, vegetation coverage, and terrain slope, the system accurately identifies urban high-rise areas, mountain reflection zones, and forest obstruction zones. Antenna nodes susceptible to communication interference are categorized based on different environmental characteristics, forming susceptible interference groups to achieve intelligent environmental zoning management and improve the targeting and effectiveness of subsequent polarization adjustments. By collecting the horizontal and vertical polarization complex signal components of antenna nodes at multiple moments, combined with amplitude and phase information, the polarization deviation angle is calculated to dynamically reflect the degree of deviation between the signal polarization direction and the ideal polarization direction. The multi-moment average polarization deviation angle reduces misjudgments caused by instantaneous fluctuations, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the judgment. The average polarization deviation angle is used for graded judgment, corresponding to different states such as "match qualified," "first-level deviation risk," "second-level intermediate deviation risk," and "excellent match." Through fine-grained grading, the system can implement differentiated polarization adjustment commands, avoiding energy consumption and interference caused by unnecessary switching, and ensuring timely response when the deviation risk increases, thus guaranteeing the quality of the communication link. Corresponding adjustment strategies are adopted for different deviation levels.

[0199] The oblique polarization mode adjustment dynamically changes the polarization direction and ratio by tuning and matching network parameters and adjusting the physical attitude of the bendable gooseneck, thus adapting to complex multipath environments.

[0200] For optimal matching conditions, vertical polarization is forced to be maintained to ensure maximum signal reception efficiency and reduce unnecessary switching.

[0201] All polarization mode switching is automatically identified and executed by the system, requiring no manual operation. It rapidly responds to changes in the electromagnetic environment, significantly improving the adaptability and link stability of communication equipment in complex training and combat environments. It effectively reduces signal fading and bit errors caused by polarization mismatch and multipath interference, enhancing communication signal strength and quality. This ensures the real-time performance and reliability of command and dispatch in critical tasks such as military training, border patrols, and tactical exercises, thereby strengthening the rapid response capability and overall combat effectiveness of the troops.

[0202] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by those skilled in the art for each set of sample data; as long as it does not affect the ratio between the parameter and the quantized value, it is acceptable.

[0203] The above formulas are all derived from software simulation using a large amount of data and are selected to be close to the actual values. The coefficients in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system, characterized in that, Includes a channel quality sensing module, an antenna tuning module, and a polarization mode switching module: The channel quality sensing module is used to construct a cluster network communication consisting of several antenna nodes at the emergency rescue site, and to collect real-time received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio information from each antenna node to the receiving end, and to construct the channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node. j The multipath fading coefficient corresponding to the j-th antenna node after normalization. The communication quality of the antenna node is evaluated under two conditions to determine its communication quality status. If the evaluation results indicate that the communication quality is unqualified, a corresponding tuning command or frequency band switching command is generated, and the corresponding antenna tuning module and polarization mode switching module are activated in conjunction to complete the restoration of communication link quality. The antenna node is mounted on a backpack communication platform and includes: an antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device (1), a bendable gooseneck (2), a first radiator (3), a shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4), and a second radiator (5). The antenna tuning module is used to receive corresponding tuning commands, perform matching network parameter adjustment and antenna structure attitude adjustment operations of corresponding amplitude, and detect in real time the change amplitude of the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after tuning execution. It is used to determine whether the tuning operation meets the quality standards. If it does not meet the standards, an update adjustment command is generated. The polarization mode switching module is used to identify the j-th antenna node in urban high-rise areas, mountain reflection areas, and woodland obstruction areas, and aggregate them into a group susceptible to interference. It also collects polarization-related interference data to construct the average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node. The system then evaluates the results, obtains a second evaluation result, and generates a corresponding polarization mode switching instruction based on the second evaluation result.

2. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The channel quality awareness module includes a cluster communication architecture unit; The cluster communication architecture unit is used to build a cluster network communication system consisting of multiple backpack communication stations carried by rescuers at the emergency rescue site. Each backpack communication station is equipped with an independent smart antenna, forming multiple antenna nodes that can work independently. The antenna node is mounted on a backpack communication platform and includes: an antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device (1), a bendable gooseneck (2), a first radiator (3), a shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4), and a second radiator (5). The first radiator (3) is used for VHF band communication; The second radiator (5) is a shortwave electrical length extension body; The shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4) is used to automatically connect or disconnect the second radiator (5) in shortwave communication mode. The bendable gooseneck (2) is used to adjust the antenna angle and deployment posture; The antenna switching and tuning device is used to automatically switch and impedance matching between different frequency bands. The antenna node structure is detachable and foldable, consisting of five sections with a total length of 2530mm ± 10mm.

3. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The channel quality sensing module further includes a channel data acquisition unit and a first judgment unit; The channel data acquisition unit is used to collect the received signal strength, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio parameters of each antenna node in the communication link in real time through the radio frequency receiving device and signal processor at the receiving end of the antenna node, and calculate the channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node using the node number j as an index. j and multipath fading coefficient F j ; The channel quality index Q corresponding to the j-th antenna node j The calculation method is as follows: ； in, This represents the received signal strength of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the interval [0,1]. The range is [-100, -40] dBm, and the normalization process is as follows: ; in, It is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the [0,1] interval. The range is [0, 30] dB, and the normalization process is as follows: ; in, Let be the bit error rate of the j-th antenna node, normalized to the interval [0,1]. The bit error rate range is [0,0.1]. The normalization process is as follows: ; , and These represent the weighting coefficients; The multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node j The calculation method is as follows: Standard deviation of the received signal strength over time period T and average The multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node is calculated using the following formula. j : ； And the multipath fading coefficient F corresponding to the j-th antenna node j Normalize to the [0,1] interval to obtain the normalized multipath fading coefficient corresponding to the j-th antenna node. : ； in, The empirical maximum tolerable fading threshold is set to 0.

2.

4. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first judgment unit is used to judge the communication quality of the j-th antenna node, including: When Q j >0.7, and When the time is right, it indicates that the communication quality of the j-th antenna node is acceptable; When Q j >0.7, and When the j-th antenna node is at risk of multipath interference, it indicates that the signal is strong but jittery, and the first tuning command is generated. When Q j ∈[0.5,0.7], or When the communication quality of the j-th antenna node fails to meet the requirements, a second tuning command is generated. When Q j <0.5, or When the communication quality of the j-th antenna node is unsatisfactory, a third tuning command is generated; When Q j <0.5, or When more than three time cycles have elapsed, a frequency band switching command is triggered, including: activating the backup frequency band, executing the frequency band switching command through the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4), reconfiguring the matching network, switching from VHF to shortwave HF, enabling the resonance parameters applicable to the shortwave frequency band, and initializing the second radiator (5) and its corresponding polarization state.

5. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The antenna tuning module includes a command recognition unit and a tuning execution unit; The instruction recognition unit is used to receive and recognize a first tuning instruction, a second tuning instruction, or a third tuning instruction generated by the first judgment unit, and allocate corresponding tuning operation amplitudes accordingly. The corresponding tuning instruction operation is then executed by the tuning execution unit, including: The first tuning command includes: making minor adjustments only to the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device (1), specifically including: fine-tuning the series branch inductor L1 with an adjustment range of ±5%; fine-tuning the parallel branch capacitor C1 with an adjustment range of ±3 picofarads; while keeping the first radiator (3) in an active state, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4) and the second radiator (5) do not participate in the adjustment; The second tuning command includes a medium-amplitude adjustment of the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device (1), including adjusting the series inductor L1 by ±15%, adjusting the parallel capacitors C1 and C2 by ±10 picofarads each, keeping the first radiator (3) active, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4) and the second radiator (5) still not participating in the operation. The third tuning command includes: performing a significant adjustment operation on the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device (1), specifically including: expanding the adjustment range of the series branch inductor L1 to ±25% on the current basis; adjusting the parallel branch capacitors C1 and C2 by ±20 picofarads respectively; and keeping the first radiator (3) continuously activated, the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4) and the second radiator (5) still do not participate in the adjustment.

6. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The antenna tuning module also includes an update unit; The update unit is used to perform the following steps after the corresponding tuning command: Real-time detection of the change in the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after tuning execution. Used to determine whether the tuning operation meets the quality standards: ； in, This represents the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node after the tuning operation is performed. This represents the channel quality index corresponding to the j-th antenna node before the tuning operation is performed. when ≥0.1 and Q j A value greater than 0.7 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is valid, the tuning is successful, and the communication quality is satisfactory. when ≥0.1 but Q j Within the range of [0.5, 0.7], it indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is effective but not fully restored, and an updated adjustment command is generated, including: fine-tuning the matching network parameters in the antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device (1) again, specifically: the series branch inductor L1 is fine-tuned by ±2% on the current basis; the parallel branch capacitor C1 is fine-tuned by ±1.5 picofarads on the current basis; at the same time, the attitude of the bendable gooseneck (2) is slightly corrected, and the angle is fine-tuned by ±10° on the existing basis, which is used to correct the main lobe direction of the antenna radiation pattern and further adapt to the multipath propagation path in the dynamic environment; the first radiator (3) remains active, and the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4) and the second radiator (5) do not participate in the adjustment; until Q j Up to 0.7; when ≥0.1 and Q j <0.5 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is effective, but the communication quality is still unacceptable. The tuning command is updated to be consistent with the previously mentioned update command, until Q... j Up to 0.7; when <0.1, and Q j ≤0.7 indicates that the corresponding tuning command for this round is invalid; triggers a frequency band switching command.

7. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The polarization mode switching module includes an environmental data acquisition unit, a polarization deviation analysis unit, and a second evaluation unit. The environmental data acquisition unit is used to collect environmental information of the j-th antenna node in the target area, including the distribution density of high-rise buildings M, vegetation coverage Z, and terrain slope P. When the density of high-rise buildings M exceeds X buildings, the j-th antenna node is identified as a high-rise building area in the target area. When the distribution density of high-rise buildings M ≥ 5 buildings, and The j-th antenna node is identified as being located in a high-rise urban area within the target region. When the terrain slope is ≥15°, and The j-th antenna node is identified as a mountainous reflection zone within the target area. When the vegetation coverage Z ≥ 60%, and the average signal strength received by the j-th antenna node within time period T... <Signal strength threshold, identify the j-th antenna node as a woodland obstruction area in the target region; The j-th antenna node, which identifies urban high-rise areas, mountain reflection areas, and woodland obstruction areas, is then used to generate an easily interfered group.

8. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The polarization deviation analysis unit is used to collect polarization-related interference data received by the j-th antenna node in the easily interfered group, including components of different polarization directions. The method of obtaining it is as follows: The polarization deviation analysis unit is used to collect data on the j-th antenna node. Horizontal polarization complex signal component at time 1 and vertically polarized complex signal components Where k = 1, 2, ..., N, and N is the total number of samples; ； ； in, Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The amplitude value of the horizontal polarization component at time; j represents the imaginary unit; Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The amplitude value of the vertical polarization component at any given time; Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The phase angle corresponding to the horizontal polarization component at time 1; Indicates that the j-th antenna node is in The phase angle corresponding to the vertical polarization component at any given moment; Based on the acquired complex signal, calculate the position of the j-th antenna node. Polarization deviation angle at time This describes the degree to which the polarization direction of the received signal deviates from the ideal polarization direction. The calculation expression is: ； Where arg(·) represents the complex argument function; The average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node is calculated by averaging the polarization deviation angles sampled at N time points. : 。 9. The intelligent electronically controlled tuning and multi-band interference suppression antenna switching system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second evaluation unit is used to evaluate the average polarization deviation angle of the j-th antenna node. To make a judgment and obtain the second evaluation result, the judgment criteria are as follows: like If the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node matches the received signal, the current polarization mode should be maintained without switching. like If ∈[25°,45°], it means that the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node is not matched with the received signal, and there is a first-level deviation risk. A "slant polarization mode adjustment instruction" is generated, including: adjusting the matching network parameters by switching the antenna and using the UHF broadband tuning device (1), fine-tuning the series branch inductor L1 by ±10%, and fine-tuning the parallel branch capacitor C1 by ±5 picofarads to change the polarization component ratio; adjusting the attitude by using the bendable gooseneck (2), adjusting the angle range to ±30° to achieve physical polarization direction deflection; keeping the first radiator (3) in an active state; like If the polarization direction of the j-th antenna node does not match the received signal, there is a risk of second polarization deviation, and a "circular polarization mode adjustment instruction" is generated, including: connecting the second radiator (5) through the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4) to realize the circular polarization antenna mode switching; reconfiguring the matching network of the antenna switching and ultra-shortwave broadband tuning device (1), adjusting the inductor L2 and capacitor C3 to match the circular polarization characteristics, and setting the adjustment range according to the frequency band requirements, generally ±15% inductor and ±10pF capacitor; performing small attitude fine-tuning of ±15° with the bendable gooseneck (2) to optimize the radiation direction; and turning off the first radiator (3) to avoid signal conflict. like If , it means that the current polarization direction of the j-th antenna node is matched with the received signal and the alignment is relatively perfect. The vertical polarization mode is forcibly maintained, including: keeping the first radiator (3) active to maintain vertical polarization radiation; the bendable gooseneck (2) is finely adjusted by ±5° to accurately align with the main direction of the signal; the shortwave electrical length extension automatic switching device (4) and the second radiator (5) are kept disconnected to avoid interference.

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