Method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency of slope cropland

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the soil nitrogen conversion efficiency of slope cropland, which comprises the following steps of: layering the slope cropland into a soil layer I, a soil layer II and a soil layer III in sequence from shallow to deep; any layer of slope cropland is treated, so that the soil nitrogen conversion efficiency of the slope cropland is improved; during treatment, the first soil layer is subjected to straw returning, nitrogen phosphorus and potassium application and fungus treatment; the second soil layer is treated with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and bacteria; for the third soil layer, pig barnyard manure is used for applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a matched mode, and fungi are used for treatment. According to the method, the soil nitrogen conversion efficiency of different soil layers can be effectively improved by layering the slope cropland, adopting different measures on the soil of different layers and adopting scientific fertilization, bacterium application and soil management methods, so that the soil fertility is effectively improved, the use of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and the sustainable development of agriculture is realized. In addition, the method is simple and convenient to operate and easy to popularize, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement, and in particular to a method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, soil nitrogen conversion efficiency has become a key factor affecting crop yield and quality. There are significant differences in the nitrogen conversion process in different soil layers, which limits the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by crops. Traditional fertilization methods often ignore the differences in soil layer structure, resulting in low nitrogen utilization rate, which not only increases agricultural production costs, but also may cause environmental pollution problems. In order to solve this problem, researchers have been looking for effective methods to improve the nitrogen conversion efficiency of soils in different soil layers. At present, although there are some measures for soil nitrogen management, they still have certain limitations in practical application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for improving the nitrogen conversion efficiency of sloping farmland soil.

[0004] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0005] A method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland comprises the following steps:

[0006] The sloping farmland is layered, from shallow to deep, into soil layer 1, soil layer 2 and soil layer 3;

[0007] Treat any layer of sloping farmland to improve the soil nitrogen conversion efficiency of the sloping farmland; when treating:

[0008] For the soil layer 1, straw is returned to the field and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fungi are applied;

[0009] For the second soil layer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and bacteria treatment is used;

[0010] For the soil layer three, pig manure was used for treatment with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fungi.

[0011] Preferably, the soil layer 1 is 0-20 cm, the soil layer 2 is 20-40 cm, and the soil layer 3 is 40-60 cm.

[0012] Preferably, when wheat is planted in winter and corn is planted in summer on the sloping farmland, the nitrogen application rate in the wheat season and corn season is 130 kg N ha -1 and 150 kg N ha -1 , phosphorus application rate is 90kg P2O5 ha-1, potassium application rate is 36kg K2Oha -1 .

[0013] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer used is a mixture of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and organic nitrogen fertilizer in a mass ratio of 6:4, the phosphorus fertilizer used is superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer used is potassium chloride.

[0014] Preferably, when returning straw to the field, before planting the current crop, cut the straw of the previous crop into 10-15 cm small segments and spread them evenly on the surface of the plot; then perform rotary tillage and tillage with a tillage depth of 15-20 cm.

[0015] As a preferred method, the application rate of straw in wheat season and corn season is 6.8 t ha -1 and 4.9t ha -1 .

[0016] As a preference, the application rate of pig manure in the wheat and corn seasons is 3.7 t ha -1 and 3.4t ha -1 .

[0017] Preferably, when performing fungal treatment, the fungi used are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or rhizosphere growth-promoting fungi.

[0018] Preferably, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is Gesneria or Glomus intraradicis, and the rhizosphere growth-promoting fungus is Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.

[0019] Preferably, when performing bacterial treatment, the bacteria used are Rhizobium or Frankia.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] By stratifying sloping farmland and applying different soil measures to different layers, this method, through scientific fertilization, microbial application, and soil management methods, can effectively improve soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in different soil layers, thereby effectively increasing soil fertility, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, and achieving sustainable agricultural development. Furthermore, the method is simple to operate and easy to promote, with good economic, social, and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 For a specific implementation of different fertilization management soil organic nitrogen pool 15 Schematic diagram of the dynamic changes of N recovery rate;

[0024] Figure 2 For a specific implementation of different fertilization management soil microbial NO 3- Schematic diagram of the primary assimilation rate;

[0025] Figure 3 For a specific implementation, soil fungi and bacteria NO under different fertilization treatments 3- Schematic diagram of the results of fixed rate;

[0026] Figure 4 For a specific implementation, soil fungi and bacteria NO under different fertilization treatments 3- Schematic diagram of the actual assimilation rate results. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of similar words such as "include" or "comprising" in the present invention means that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0028] The present invention provides a method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland, comprising the following steps:

[0029] The sloping farmland is layered, from shallow to deep, into soil layer 1, soil layer 2 and soil layer 3;

[0030] Treat any layer of sloping farmland to improve the soil nitrogen conversion efficiency of the sloping farmland; when treating:

[0031] For the soil layer 1, straw is returned to the field and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fungi are applied;

[0032] For the second soil layer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and bacteria treatment is used;

[0033] For the soil layer three, pig manure is used for treatment with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fungi.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the soil layer 1 is 0-20 cm, the soil layer 2 is 20-40 cm, and the soil layer 3 is 40-60 cm.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, when wheat is planted in winter and corn is planted in summer on the sloping farmland, the nitrogen application rates for the wheat season and corn season are 130 kg N ha -1and 150 kg N ha -1 , phosphorus application rate is 90kg P2O5 ha-1, potassium application rate is 36kg K2O ha -1 .

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer used is a mixture of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and organic nitrogen fertilizer in a mass ratio of 6:4, the phosphorus fertilizer used is superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer used is potassium chloride.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, when returning straw to the field, before planting the current crop, the straw of the previous crop is cut into 10-15 cm small segments and evenly spread on the surface of the plot; then rotary tillage is performed with a tillage depth of 15-20 cm. Optionally, in the wheat season and corn season, the straw application rate is 6.8 t ha respectively. -1 and 4.9t ha -1 .

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the application rate of pig manure in the wheat season and corn season is 3.7 t ha -1 and 3.4t ha -1 .

[0039] In a specific embodiment, when the fungus treatment is performed, the fungus used is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus or a rhizosphere growth-promoting fungus. Optionally, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is Gesneria or Glomus intraradicis, and the rhizosphere growth-promoting fungus is Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, when performing bacterial treatment, the bacteria used are Rhizobium or Frankia.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, straw return combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (CRNPK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), and pig manure combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (OMNPK) were used to treat different layers of soil. The difference characteristics of the primary assimilation rate of NO3- in soil microorganisms under different fertilization treatments in different layers of soil were as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that the insoluble organic nitrogen pool in the surface soil (0-20cm) under the three fertilization treatments 15 The N recovery rate increased gradually during the incubation process, and increased slowly in the 20-40 cm soil layer. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the combined application of crop straw (0.90%) or pig manure (0.63%) with mineral NPK fertilizer significantly increased the insoluble nitrogen pool compared with the NPK treatment. 15 In the 40-60 cm soil layer, the insoluble organic nitrogen pool in the three fertilization treatments was 15 The N recovery rate showed a decreasing trend during the first 72 h of cultivation, while it gradually increased in CRNPK and OMNPK during the subsequent cultivation.

[0042] Soil microbial NO under different fertilization management 3- The primary assimilation rate is Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that in the 0-20cm soil layer, compared with the long-term application of NPK fertilizer, the long-term application of straw and organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the microbial NO 3- At 20-40 cm, long-term application of straw and organic fertilizer significantly reduced the primary assimilation rate of microbial NO. 3- The primary assimilation rate of NO was significantly decreased under long-term straw application. 3- The primary assimilation rate of microorganisms NO was the lowest in the 40-60cm soil layer. 3- The assimilation rate is negative, which means that this N process is not significant and other N processes occur.

[0043] NO of soil fungi and bacteria under different fertilization treatments 3- Differences such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the fungal and bacterial NO in the soil treated by CRNPK 3- The fixation rates of fungi in OMNPK soil were significantly higher than those in NPK soil (p<0.05). 3- The ability of bacteria to assimilate NO was significantly higher than that of NPK (p<0.05), but the difference between the two treatments was not significant. 3- There was no significant difference in the ability of fungi to reduce NO in the combination of straw and organic fertilizer (p<0.05). 3- The concentration played a greater role, especially in the CRNPK treatment (p < 0.05). 3- The rate (18.53ug N kg -1 d -1 ) was significantly higher than the fungal assimilation of NO 3- Rate (12.25ug N kg -1 d -1 )(p<0.05).

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the present profession can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes using the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The sloping farmland is layered, from shallow to deep, into soil layer 1, soil layer 2 and soil layer 3; Treat any layer of sloping farmland to improve the soil nitrogen conversion efficiency of the sloping farmland; when treating: For the soil layer 1, straw is returned to the field and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fungi are applied; For the second soil layer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and bacteria treatment is used; For the soil layer three, pig manure was used for treatment with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fungi.

2. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil layer 1 is 0-20 cm, the soil layer 2 is 20-40 cm, and the soil layer 3 is 40-60 cm.

3. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: When wheat is planted in winter and corn is planted in summer on the sloping farmland, the nitrogen application rates for the wheat and corn seasons are 130 kg N ha -1 and 150 kg N ha -1 , the phosphorus application rate is 90kg P2O5 ha -1 , the potassium application rate is 36kg K2O ha -1 .

4. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer used is a mixture of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and organic nitrogen fertilizer in a mass ratio of 6:4, the phosphorus fertilizer used is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer used is potassium chloride.

5. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: When returning straw to the fields, before planting the current crop, cut the straw of the previous crop into 10-15cm small segments and spread them evenly on the surface of the plot; then perform rotary tillage and tillage with a tillage depth of 15-20cm.

6. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the wheat and corn seasons, the straw application rate was 6.8 t ha -1 and 4.9t ha -1 .

7. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the wheat and corn seasons, the application rate of pig manure was 3.7 t ha -1 and 3.4t ha -1 .

8. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: When fungal treatment is performed, the fungi used are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or rhizosphere growth-promoting fungi.

9. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 8, characterized in that: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are Gesneria or Glomus intraradicis, and the rhizosphere growth-promoting fungi are Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.

10. The method for improving soil nitrogen conversion efficiency in sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: When bacterial treatment is performed, the bacteria used are Rhizobium or Frankia.

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