Ecological low-carbon Fen Lake crab and macrobrachium rosenbergii polyculture method and device in fishing-light complementary mode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shrimp and crab polyculture, in particular to an ecological low-carbon Fen lake crab and macrobrachium rosenbergii polyculture method and device in a fishing-light complementary mode. The method includes the steps of breeding environment construction, fry stocking, daily management, photovoltaic temperature regulation and control, disease prevention and control, fishing and the like to conduct shrimp and crab polyculture in the fishing and light complementation mode. Meanwhile, a photovoltaic system is erected in the aquaculture pond, the photovoltaic system directly provides electric power energy for aquaculture equipment in the aquaculture pond, the pond water body is monitored in real time in cooperation with a parameter sensor, and diseases in the shrimp and crab aquaculture period are greatly reduced; by means of the polyculture mode that power can be generated on the upper portion and culture can be conducted on the lower portion, the land resource utilization rate is increased, energy self-sufficiency and ecological regulation are achieved, the problems that traditional culture is high in energy consumption and serious in pollution are solved, and the comprehensive income of farmers is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shrimp and crab polyculture, and in particular to an ecological low-carbon polyculture method and device for Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a fish-light complementary mode. Background Art

[0002] Fenhu crab is a kind of aquatic product produced in the Fenhu water system in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province and Wujiang District, Jiangsu Province. It is rich in protein, multiple vitamins and minerals, with high nutritional value. It is fat and meaty, fresh and delicious. It is said to have large and small claws and purple whiskers. Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as Malay prawn, is an arthropod of the genus Macrobrachium in the family Macrobrachium. It has a large body and is the largest species of Macrobrachium. It has delicious meat, high protein content, rich nutrition and high economic value. Mixed farming of shrimp and crabs in ponds fully utilizes the principle of species symbiosis. Through multi-level farming, it improves the utilization rate of aquaculture water, reduces environmental pollution, and promotes a win-win situation of ecological and economic benefits.

[0003] The traditional mixed farming model of shrimp and crabs has certain limitations in terms of water resource utilization and energy consumption. In addition, excessive zooplankton during the farming process can easily affect the growth of aquatic plants, thereby affecting the production of shrimp and crabs. At the same time, the single farming model has low land resource utilization. With the development of photovoltaic technology, the fish-light complementary model has gradually emerged. How to effectively combine it with the symbiotic mixed farming of shrimp and crabs to achieve ecological low-carbon farming needs further exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the background technology and provide a method and device for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary mode, so as to improve the utilization rate of land and water resources, reduce energy consumption, improve the quality of shrimps and crabs, achieve ecological symbiosis, and improve breeding efficiency.

[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fishery-photovoltaic complementary model comprises the following steps: S1. Build the aquaculture environment. Select a water area or pond with clear, unpolluted water and sufficient sunlight as the aquaculture area. Disinfect the aquaculture area, install photovoltaic panels above the aquaculture area, and arrange aquatic plant planting areas in the gaps between the photovoltaic panels and in the center of the pond. S2. Stocking of seedlings: Select Fenhu crab seedlings and Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings of uniform size and strong vitality, and release them into the breeding area after testing; S3. Daily management: Add water in a timely manner according to the growth of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii and water temperature, and regularly adjust the water quality. At the same time, alternate between fresh bait and artificial feed, and dynamically adjust the feeding amount according to the growth of shrimp and crabs; S4, photovoltaic temperature control, according to the actual temperature of the environment, adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel to adjust the shading area, and then control the water temperature; S5. Disease prevention and control: Regularly inspect and manage the breeding area to observe the activity and feeding status of shrimp and crabs, and regularly sample and test the health status of shrimp and crabs. If any abnormality is found, isolate and deal with it promptly; S6. Shrimp and crab fishing: Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Fenhu crabs are caught in batches, and the caught Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Fenhu crabs are sold to generate revenue.

[0006] Preferably, the step S1 of constructing the breeding environment further comprises the following steps: S11. Pond renovation: The pond water depth is 1.5-2m, the pond bottom silt thickness is ≤15cm, the pond slope ratio is 1:3, and double-layer escape prevention facilities are installed on the periphery of the pond; S12. Pond disinfection: After pond renovation, dry the pond and expose it to the sun for 20 days. Then, use quicklime water to evenly spray the pond to kill wild organisms and pathogenic microorganisms. S13. Photovoltaic installation: Install photovoltaic panels around the pond and in the center, covering 30%-40% of the water surface. The height of the photovoltaic panels is 2-2.5m above the water surface. S14. Planting of aquatic plants: After the medicinal properties of the pond cleaning drugs have evaporated and dissipated, water should be added to the pond. Complex aquatic plants such as Elodea, Hydrilla verticillata, and Vallisneria sinensis should be planted in the pond. The area covered by the aquatic plants should not exceed 40% of the pond surface area. S15. Release snails at a rate of 80-100 kg per mu to provide bait for the later Fenhu crab farming.

[0007] The double-layer anti-escape facilities outside the pond can prevent the escape of shrimps and crabs and the invasion of harmful organisms. The photovoltaic panels in the pond cover 30%-40% of the area and are 2-2.5m above the water surface to ensure a balance between light transmittance and shading effect. The photovoltaic system prioritizes powering the internal equipment of the pond, such as the feeding machine, aerator, and sensors, and the remaining power is fed into the power grid; aquatic plants are planted in a row every 3m, and the planting area does not exceed 40% of the pond area. They are mainly used to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the water, while regulating the water temperature to provide a habitat for shrimps and crabs.

[0008] Preferably, the step S2 of stocking seedlings further comprises the following steps: S21. Stocking Fenhu crabs: Select Fenhu crab fry of uniform size and strong vitality, 60-80 crabs / kg, and disinfect them before stocking. Stock the crab fry in late January, with a stocking density of 1200-1400 crabs / mu. Set up a net cage in the middle of the pond for temporary rearing, and remove the cage after one month. S22: Stocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Select healthy shrimp fry with a body length of 6-8 cm and a size of 80-100 per kg. Stocking should be carried out in early June. Test the water with shrimp fry 3 days before stocking. Only if the test shrimp are all healthy can they be stocked into the pond. Stocking should be carried out at a rate of 10-12 kg per mu. S23. Release of mandarin fish: 10-15 mandarin fish per mu, each weighing 200-300g.

[0009] As a preference, Fenhu crab seedlings can be soaked and disinfected in 3%-5% salt water before stocking, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings can be soaked in EM bacteria solution before stocking to enhance their disease resistance. Putting mandarin fish in the pond can remove zooplankton and small fish in the pond, reducing competition between small fish and shrimp and crabs.

[0010] Preferably, the step S3 daily management further comprises the following steps: S31. Water quality management: inject new water at a depth of about 15cm each time, control the water level at about 0.5m in the early stage of aquaculture, increase the frequency of water changes during high temperatures, regularly use beneficial bacteria and bottom modification to adjust the water quality, control the water level at about 1.5m, and control the water level at about 1.2m in the later stage of aquaculture; S32. Feeding Management: Feed artificial compound feeds during the culture period. After the crab fry are released, release snails at a rate of 100 kg per mu (approximately 100 kg) for the crabs to feed freely. Feed the crabs at a daily rate of 5%-8% of their body weight, once in the morning and evening (6-7 AM and 4-5 PM). Adjust the amount based on the crabs' feeding habits.

[0011] Preferably, the breeding ponds can be disinfected regularly with quicklime during the breeding period, with the amount used each time not exceeding 20kg / mu. At the same time, microbial preparations such as Bacillus or EM bacteria can be used regularly to regulate the breeding water to inhibit pathogens and decompose leftover bait. The release of quicklime and microbial preparations needs to be staggered; at the same time, aquatic plants should be trimmed regularly to prevent excessive growth of aquatic plants, which will lead to increased oxygen consumption at night and hypoxia for shrimp and crabs.

[0012] As a preference, calcium-fortified feed with a calcium content of ≥2% can be appropriately supplemented before Fenhu crabs molt, and vitamin C can also be supplemented to promote molting and weight gain, while improving resistance.

[0013] Preferably, the photovoltaic temperature control in step S4 further comprises the following steps: S41. Control during high temperature period: when the pond water temperature exceeds 30°C, adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels to 15-20°, increase the shading area and lower the water temperature; S42. Low temperature period regulation: when the pond water temperature is below 10℃, restore the horizontal angle of the photovoltaic panels and increase the light transmittance to maintain the water temperature.

[0014] The photovoltaic system generates electricity that is preferably used to supply the aquaculture equipment for its normal operation. The surplus electricity can be used for the working needs of the water circulation pump, and the remaining electricity can be connected to the power grid.

[0015] Preferably, the step S6 of catching shrimps and crabs further comprises the following steps: S61, Macrobrachium rosenbergii fishing, Macrobrachium rosenbergii fishing begins in late September, using ground traps, with a Macrobrachium rosenbergii yield of 40-60kg / mu; S62. Fenhu crab fishing: Fenhu crabs are caught in batches using ground traps starting from October, catching the big ones and leaving the small ones. Fishing ends in December. The yield of Fenhu crabs is 100-150kg / mu.

[0016] Preferably, the device includes a breeding pond and several photovoltaic systems, the photovoltaic system includes fixed piles, movable piles and photovoltaic panels, the fixed piles are provided with a floating island platform, the fixed piles are fixedly installed by being driven into the bottom of the breeding pond, the fixed piles are provided with a fixed pile mounting part, and the movable piles are fixed by the movable pile mounting part and the fixed pile mounting part with mounting threads; the photovoltaic panels are installed on the photovoltaic base, and the bottom position of the photovoltaic base is fixedly connected with a first bracket and a second bracket, the first bracket and the second bracket intersect to form a triangle, the length of the first bracket is longer than the length of the second bracket, and a bracket mounting part is provided at the top position of the movable pile, and the movable pile is also provided with an electric cylinder mounting part on one side of the second bracket, and the intersection of the first bracket and the second bracket is hingedly installed with the bracket mounting part; the second bracket is also hingedly installed with an adjustment bracket, and an adjustment electric cylinder is also provided on the movable pile, and the movable electric cylinder The movable end is hinged to the adjusting bracket, and the fixed end of the adjusting electric cylinder is hinged to the electric cylinder mounting portion; the photovoltaic system is provided with a fixed pile and a movable pile, and the fixed pile and the movable pile are fixedly connected by a quick-release structure design. When stocking seedlings and catching shrimps and crabs, the photovoltaic panels can be easily disassembled and installed through the quick-release structure of the photovoltaic system, so that the photovoltaic panels of the photovoltaic system will not hinder the stocking and fishing process during large-scale fishing; the photovoltaic panels are installed on the photovoltaic base, and the photovoltaic base is hinged to the top position of the movable pile through the first bracket and the second bracket. The adjusting bracket on the second bracket is hinged with an adjusting electric cylinder. By adjusting the adjusting electric cylinder, the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted. In hot weather, the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted to increase its angle to increase the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic panel to the water body, thereby reducing the water temperature by 2-3°C. When the weather is low, the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted to restore its horizontal angle to improve the light transmittance of the water body, thereby maintaining the water temperature.

[0017] Preferably, a bait throwing machine is provided on the floating island platform, and the bait throwing machine includes a storage bin, which is a funnel structure, with a feed port at the top and a discharge port at the bottom. A spiral feeding device is provided inside the discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to a feeding pipe. A feeding fan is also provided on the discharge port. A bait throwing machine base is provided at the bottom of the bait throwing machine, and the bait throwing machine base is fixedly connected to the floating island platform. The bait throwing machine is electrically connected to the photovoltaic system; the floating island platform is provided on the fixed pile of the photovoltaic system, and the bait throwing machine is provided on the bottom of the floating island platform. On the floating island platform, it is equivalent to setting up a feeding machine at the location of each photovoltaic system. The feeding machines are arranged according to the scattered locations of the photovoltaic systems, so that the bait will not be concentrated in one point when it is released, and the bait can be released more dispersed, avoiding the situation where some shrimps and crabs cannot obtain bait in time, and improving the feeding efficiency of shrimps and crabs; at the same time, each photovoltaic system is also electrically connected to the feeding machine on its own floating island platform, so that the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system can be directly supplied to the feeding machine, reducing the dependence of aquaculture equipment on traditional energy, reducing energy consumption while meeting the requirements of low carbon and environmental protection.

[0018] Preferably, the floating island platform includes a counterweight and a float, and a plurality of aerators are provided at the bottom of the floating island platform. A parameter sensor is also provided at the draft position of the side wall of the floating island platform, and the aerator and the parameter sensor are both electrically connected to the photovoltaic system; the counterweight of the floating island platform can make the floating island platform very stable on the water surface and will not be greatly affected by water surface fluctuations; the aerator at the bottom of the floating island platform can oxygenate the water in the breeding pond to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the water is not less than 5 mg / L, and the aerator is turned on from midnight to 7 a.m. the next day on sunny days, and turned on all day during the plum rain season and rainy days, and turned on from midnight to 9 a.m. the next day during high temperatures in summer; the floating island platform is also provided with a parameter sensor, which can monitor the dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, water temperature and other parameters of the breeding pond water in real time, strictly ensure the water quality, greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases during shrimp and crab farming, improve the survival rate of shrimp and crabs, and ensure the breeding benefits of farmers.

[0019] Preferably, a double-layer anti-escape device is provided on the outside of the breeding pond, comprising an inner anti-dig plate and an outer anti-escape net. The anti-dig plate is buried in the mud at the bottom of the pond with a burial depth of 20 cm. The total length of the anti-dig plate is 80-100 cm. The anti-escape net is a double-layer structure with an aperture of 60-80 meshes. The inner anti-dig plate uses a high-calcium plastic board, and the outer anti-escape net uses a double-layer 80-mesh nylon net, which can prevent shrimps and crabs from escaping and the invasion of harmful organisms, further improve the survival rate of shrimps and crabs, improve the breeding efficiency, and promote the increase in income of farmers.

[0020] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for ecological low-carbon co-culture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fishery-photovoltaic complementary model. By installing photovoltaic panels above the aquaculture ponds, the method achieves both power generation above and aquaculture below, thereby improving land resource utilization, achieving energy self-sufficiency and ecological regulation, overcoming the high energy consumption of traditional aquaculture and increasing overall benefits. 2. The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary model. This method utilizes the feeding habits and living habits of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii to effectively solve the problem of excessive plankton in the pond, reduce feed waste and water pollution, and lower aquaculture costs. 3. The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fishery-solar complementary model. This polyculture model significantly improves the utilization rate of aquaculture water, reduces water pollution, and enhances the disease resistance of each shrimp and crab, thereby increasing the yield and quality of aquaculture. Compared with traditional monoculture, the polyculture model achieves higher product yields and benefits. 4. The present invention describes a method and device for ecological low-carbon co-culture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-photovoltaic complementary mode. The photovoltaic system can provide electric energy for the breeding equipment in the breeding pond, reducing the dependence of traditional breeding on fossil energy, reducing energy consumption, and meeting the requirements of low-carbon and environmental protection. At the same time, through the monitoring and regulation of the water quality of the breeding pond, the intelligent management of the breeding process is realized, and the breeding efficiency and management efficiency are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the aquaculture pond of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic system structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the bait throwing machine of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the floating island platform structure of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the breeding of the present invention.

[0022] Markings in the figure: 1-breeding pond, 12-anti-digging plate, 13-anti-escape net, 2-photovoltaic system, 21-fixed pile, 211-fixed pile installation part, 22-movable pile, 221-movable pile installation part, 222-bracket installation part, 223-electric cylinder installation part, 224-adjusting electric cylinder, 23-photovoltaic panel, 231-photovoltaic base, 232-first bracket, 233-second bracket, 234-adjusting bracket, 24-floating island platform, 241-counterweight, 242-floating block, 3-feeding machine, 31-storage bin, 32-feeding port, 33-discharging port, 34-screw feeding device, 35-dispensing pipe, 36-feeding fan, 37-feeding machine base, 4-aerator, 5-parameter sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the embodiments as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

[0024] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings using embodiments.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fishery-photovoltaic complementary model comprises the following steps: S1. Build the aquaculture environment. Select a water area or pond with clear, unpolluted water and sufficient sunlight as the aquaculture area. Disinfect the aquaculture area, install photovoltaic panels above the aquaculture area, and arrange aquatic plant planting areas in the gaps between the photovoltaic panels and in the center of the pond. S2. Stocking of seedlings: Select Fenhu crab seedlings and Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings of uniform size and strong vitality, and release them into the breeding area after disinfection; S3. Daily management: Add water in a timely manner according to the growth of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii and water temperature, and regularly adjust the water quality. At the same time, alternate between fresh bait and artificial feed, and dynamically adjust the feeding amount according to the growth of shrimp and crabs; S4, photovoltaic temperature control, according to the actual temperature of the environment, adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel to adjust the shading area, and then control the water temperature; S5. Disease prevention and control: Regularly inspect and manage the breeding area to observe the activity and feeding status of shrimp and crabs, and regularly sample and test the health status of shrimp and crabs. If any abnormality is found, isolate and deal with it promptly; S6. Shrimp and crab fishing: Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Fenhu crabs are caught in batches, and the caught Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Fenhu crabs are sold to generate revenue.

[0027] Step S1: The breeding environment construction also includes the following steps: S11. Pond renovation: The pond water depth is 1.5m, the pond bottom silt thickness is ≤15cm, the pond slope ratio is 1:3, and double-layer escape prevention facilities are installed on the periphery of the pond; S12. Pond disinfection: After pond renovation, dry the pond and expose it to the sun for 20 days. Then, use quicklime water to evenly spray the pond to kill wild organisms and pathogenic microorganisms. S13. Photovoltaic installation: Install photovoltaic panels around the pond and in the center, covering 40% of the water surface. The panels are 2.5 meters above the water surface. S14. Aquatic plant arrangement: After the properties of the pond cleaning drugs have evaporated and dissipated, water should be added to the pond. Complex aquatic plants such as Elodea, Hydrilla verticillata, and Vallisneria should be planted in the pond. The area covered by the aquatic plants should not exceed 40% of the pond surface area. S15. Release snails at a rate of 100 kg per mu to provide bait for the later Fenhu crab farming.

[0028] The double-layer anti-escape facilities on the outer layer of the pond can prevent the escape of shrimps and crabs and the invasion of harmful organisms. The photovoltaic panels in the pond cover 40% of the area and are 2.5 meters above the water surface to ensure a balance between light transmittance and shading effect. The photovoltaic system gives priority to powering the internal equipment of the pond, such as the feeding machine, aerator, and sensors, and the remaining power is fed into the power grid; aquatic plants are planted in a row every 3 meters, and the planting area does not exceed 40% of the pond area. They are mainly used to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the water, while regulating the water temperature to provide a habitat for shrimps and crabs.

[0029] Step S2 seedling stocking also includes the following steps: S21. Stocking Fenhu crabs: Select Fenhu crab fry of uniform size and strong vitality, stocking at 80 crabs / kg. Disinfect before stocking. Stock crab fry in late January at a density of 1,400 crabs / mu. Set up a net cage in the middle of the pond for temporary rearing, then remove the cage after one month. S22: Stocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Select healthy shrimp fry (6 cm in length) at 80 / kg and stock them in early June at a density of 10 kg / mu. S23. Release of mandarin fish: 15 mandarin fish per mu, each weighing 300g.

[0030] Fenhu crab seedlings can be soaked in 3% salt water for disinfection before stocking, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings can be soaked in EM bacteria solution before stocking to enhance their disease resistance. Putting mandarin fish in the pond can remove zooplankton and small fish in the pond, reducing competition between small fish and shrimp and crabs.

[0031] Step S3 daily management also includes the following steps: S31. Water quality management: inject new water at a depth of about 15 cm each time. The water level should be controlled at about 0.5 m in the early stage of aquaculture, 1.5 m during high temperature periods, and 1.2 m in the late stage of aquaculture. S32. Feeding Management: Feed artificial compound feeds during the culture period. After the crab fry are released, release snails at a rate of 100 kg per mu (approximately 100 kg) for the crabs to feed freely. Feed the crabs at a daily rate of 8% of their body weight, once in the morning and evening (6-7 AM and 4-5 PM). Adjust the amount based on the crabs' feeding habits.

[0032] During the breeding period, the breeding ponds can be disinfected regularly with quicklime, with the amount used each time not exceeding 20kg / mu. At the same time, microbial preparations such as Bacillus or EM bacteria should be used regularly to regulate the breeding water, inhibit pathogens and decompose leftover bait. The release of quicklime and microbial preparations needs to be staggered; at the same time, aquatic plants should be trimmed regularly to prevent excessive growth of aquatic plants, which will lead to increased oxygen consumption at night and cause hypoxia in shrimp and crabs.

[0033] Before Fenhu crabs molt, they can be appropriately supplemented with calcium-fortified feed with a calcium content of ≥2%. Vitamin C can also be supplemented to promote molting and weight gain, while improving their resistance.

[0034] Step S4 photovoltaic temperature control also includes the following steps: S41. Control during high temperature period: when the pond water temperature exceeds 30°C, adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels to 20°, increase the shading area and lower the water temperature; S42. Low temperature period regulation: when the pond water temperature is below 10℃, restore the horizontal angle of the photovoltaic panels and increase the light transmittance to maintain the water temperature.

[0035] The photovoltaic system generates electricity that is preferably used to supply the aquaculture equipment for its normal operation. The surplus electricity can be used for the working needs of the water circulation pump, and the remaining electricity can be connected to the power grid.

[0036] Step S6 of catching shrimps and crabs also includes the following steps: S61, Macrobrachium rosenbergii fishing, Macrobrachium rosenbergii fishing began in late September, using ground traps, and the Macrobrachium rosenbergii yield was 60kg / mu; S62. Fenhu crab fishing: Fenhu crabs are caught in batches using ground traps starting from October, catching the big ones and leaving the small ones. Fishing ends in December. The yield of Fenhu crabs is 120kg / mu.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] according to Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown, an ecological low-carbon polyculture device for Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a fish-photovoltaic complementary mode includes a breeding pond 1 and several photovoltaic systems 2. The photovoltaic system 2 includes a fixed pile 21, a movable pile 22 and a photovoltaic panel 23. A floating island platform 24 is provided on the fixed pile 21. The fixed pile 21 is fixedly installed by being driven into the bottom of the breeding pond 1. A fixed pile mounting portion 211 is provided on the fixed pile 21. The movable pile 22 is fixed by a threaded installation with the movable pile mounting portion 221 and the fixed pile mounting portion 211. The photovoltaic panel 23 is installed on a photovoltaic base 231. The bottom position of the photovoltaic base 231 is as shown in FIG. The first bracket 232 and the second bracket 233 are fixedly connected. The first bracket 232 and the second bracket 233 intersect to form a triangle. The length of the first bracket 232 is longer than the length of the second bracket 233. A bracket mounting portion 222 is provided at the top of the movable pile 22. The movable pile 22 is also provided with an electric cylinder mounting portion 223 on one side of the second bracket 233. The intersection of the first bracket 232 and the second bracket 233 is hingedly installed with the bracket mounting portion 222; the second bracket 233 is also hingedly installed with an adjusting bracket 234. An adjusting electric cylinder 224 is also provided on the movable pile 22. The movable end of the cylinder 224 is hinged to the adjustment bracket 234, and the fixed end of the adjustment electric cylinder 224 is hinged to the electric cylinder mounting portion 223; the photovoltaic system 2 is provided with a fixed pile 21 and a movable pile 22, and the fixed pile 21 and the movable pile 22 are fixedly connected by a quick-release structure design. When stocking seedlings and catching shrimps and crabs, the photovoltaic panel 23 can be easily disassembled and installed through the quick-release structure of the photovoltaic system 2, so that the photovoltaic panel 23 of the photovoltaic system 2 will not hinder the stocking and fishing process during large-scale fishing; the photovoltaic panel 23 is installed on the photovoltaic base 231, and the photovoltaic base 231 is fixedly connected by a quick-release structure design. The first bracket 232 and the second bracket 233 are hinged at the top position of the movable pile 22, and the adjustment bracket 234 on the second bracket 233 is hinged with an adjusting electric cylinder 224. By adjusting the adjusting electric cylinder 224, the angle of the photovoltaic panel 23 can be adjusted. In hot weather, the photovoltaic panel 23 can be adjusted to increase its angle to increase the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 23 for the water body, thereby reducing the water temperature by 2-3°C. When the weather is low, the photovoltaic panel 23 can be adjusted to restore its horizontal angle to increase the light transmittance of the water body, thereby maintaining the water temperature.

[0039] according to Figure 2 、 Figure 3As shown, a feeding machine 3 is provided on the floating island platform 24, and the feeding machine 3 includes a storage bin 31. The storage bin 31 is a funnel structure, with a feed port 32 at the top and a discharge port 33 at the bottom. A spiral feeding device 34 is provided inside the discharge port 33, and the discharge port 33 is connected to a delivery pipe 35. A feeding fan 36 is also provided on the discharge port 33. A feeding machine base 37 is provided at the bottom of the feeding machine 3, and the feeding machine base 37 is fixedly connected to the floating island platform 24. The feeding machine 3 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic system 2; the floating island platform 24 is set on the fixed pile 21 of the photovoltaic system 2, and the feeding machine 3 is set on the floating island platform 24, which is equivalent to providing a feeding machine 3 at each photovoltaic system 2 position. The spiral feeding device 34 on the discharge port 33 of the machine 3 can prevent the bait from sticking and blocking the discharge port 33, ensuring the smooth discharge of the feeding machine 3, and at the same time preventing the bait from sticking and causing the bait to deteriorate. The feeding machine 3 will be arranged according to the scattered positions of the photovoltaic system 2, so that the bait will not be concentrated at one point when it is released, making the bait release more dispersed, avoiding the situation where some shrimps and crabs cannot obtain bait in time, and improving the eating efficiency of shrimps and crabs; at the same time, each photovoltaic system 2 is also electrically connected to the feeding machine 3 on its own floating island platform 24, so that the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system 2 is directly supplied to the feeding machine 3, reducing the dependence of the breeding equipment on traditional energy, reducing energy consumption while meeting the requirements of low carbon and environmental protection.

[0040] according to Figure 2 、 Figure 4 As shown, the floating island platform 24 includes a counterweight block 241 and a floating block 242. A plurality of aerators 4 are also provided at the bottom of the floating island platform 24. A parameter sensor 5 is also provided at the draft position of the side wall of the floating island platform 24. The aerator 4 and the parameter sensor 5 are both electrically connected to the photovoltaic system 2. The counterweight block 241 of the floating island platform 24 can make the floating island platform 24 very stable on the water surface and will not be greatly affected by the fluctuation of the water surface. The aerator 4 at the bottom of the floating island platform 24 can irrigate the water body of the aquaculture pond 1. Oxygenation treatment ensures that the dissolved oxygen content in the water body is not less than 5mg / L. The aerator is turned on from 4 midnight to 7 am the next day on sunny days, and all day during the rainy season and cloudy and rainy days. It is turned on from midnight to 9 am the next day during high temperatures in summer. A parameter sensor 5 is also installed on the floating island platform, which can monitor the dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, water temperature and other parameters of the water body in the breeding pond 1 in real time, strictly guarantee the water quality, greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases during shrimp and crab breeding, improve the survival rate of shrimp and crab, and guarantee the breeding benefits of farmers.

[0041] according to Figure 5As shown, a double-layer anti-escape device is set on the outside of the breeding pond 1, including an inner anti-dig plate 12 and an outer anti-escape net 13. The anti-dig plate 12 is buried in the mud at the bottom of the pond with a burial depth of 20 cm. The total length of the anti-dig plate 12 is 80-100 cm. The anti-escape net 13 has a double-layer structure with an aperture of 60-80 mesh. The inner anti-dig plate 12 uses a high-calcium plastic plate, and the outer anti-escape net 13 uses a double-layer 80-mesh nylon net, which can prevent shrimps and crabs from escaping and the invasion of harmful organisms, further improve the survival rate of shrimps and crabs, improve the breeding efficiency, and promote the economic development and living standards of farmers.

Claims

1. A method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Build a breeding environment. Select a water area or pond with clear, unpolluted water and sufficient sunlight as the breeding area. Disinfect the breeding area, install photovoltaic panels above the breeding area, and plant aquatic plants in the gaps between the photovoltaic panels and in the center of the pond. S2. Stocking of seedlings: Select Fenhu crab seedlings and Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings of uniform size and strong vitality, and release them into the breeding area after testing and disinfection; S3. Daily management: Regularly adjust the water quality. Use bottom modification or beneficial bacteria to adjust the water according to the growth of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the water quality of the pond. Add water at the right time and dynamically adjust the feeding amount according to the growth and feeding situation of shrimps and crabs. S4, photovoltaic temperature control, according to the outdoor temperature, adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel to adjust the shading area, and then control the water temperature; S5. Disease prevention and control: Regularly inspect the ponds to observe the activity and feeding status of shrimps and crabs, and regularly take samples to test the health of shrimps and crabs. If any abnormality is found, isolate them immediately and deal with them promptly; S6. Shrimp and crab fishing: Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Fenhu crabs are caught in batches.

2. The method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 of constructing the breeding environment further comprises the following steps: S11. Pond reconstruction: The pond water depth is 1.5-2m, the pond bottom silt thickness is ≤15cm, the pond slope ratio is 1:3, and double-layer escape prevention facilities are installed on the outer layer; S12. Pond disinfection: After pond renovation, dry the pond and expose it to the sun for 20 days. Then, use quicklime water to evenly spray the pond to kill wild organisms and pathogenic microorganisms. S13. Photovoltaic installation: Install photovoltaic panels around the pond and in the center, covering 30%-40% of the water surface. The height of the photovoltaic panels is 2-2.5m above the water surface. S14. Planting of aquatic plants: After the properties of the pond cleaning drugs have evaporated and dissipated, water should be added to the pond. Complex aquatic plants such as Elodea, Hydrilla verticillata, and Vallisneria sinensis should be planted in the pond. The area covered by the aquatic plants should not exceed 40% of the pond surface area. S15. Release snails at a rate of 80-100 kg per mu to provide bait for the later Fenhu crab farming.

3. The method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 seedling stocking further comprises the following steps: S21. Stock Fenhu crab fry. Select Fenhu crab fry with uniform size and strong vitality, with a size of 60-80 crabs / kg. Stock crab fry in late January at a stocking density of 1200-1400 crabs / mu. Set up a net cage in the middle of the pond for temporary rearing, and remove the cage after one month. S22: Stocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Select healthy shrimp fry, 6-8 cm in length, at 80-100 / kg, and stock them in early June. Test the waters with the fry 3 days before stocking. Only stock all the shrimp in the pond if they are healthy can you stock them, at a rate of 10-12 kg per mu. S23. Release of mandarin fish: 10-15 mandarin fish per mu, each weighing 200-300g.

4. The method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 daily management further includes the following steps: S31. Water quality management: inject new water to a depth of about 15cm each time, and control the water level at around 0.5-0.8m in the early stage of aquaculture; increase the frequency of water changes during high temperatures, regularly use beneficial bacteria and bottom modification to adjust the water quality, and control the water level at around 1.5m; and control the water level at around 1.2m in the later stage of aquaculture; S32. Feeding management: In the early stage of Fenhu crab seedlings release, snails and compound feeds are fed alternately. The feeding frequency gradually stabilizes from once every two days, once a day to twice a day according to the eating situation. The total amount of feed fed per day is 5%-8% of the body weight of shrimps and crabs.

5. The method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic temperature control step S4 further includes the following steps: S41. Control during high temperature period: when the pond water temperature exceeds 30°C, adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels to 15-20°, increase the shading area and lower the water temperature; S42. Low temperature period regulation: when the pond water temperature is below 10℃, restore the horizontal angle of the photovoltaic panels and increase the light transmittance to maintain the water temperature.

6. The method for ecological low-carbon polyculture of Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii under a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Said step S6 of catching shrimps and crabs further comprises the following steps: S61, Macrobrachium rosenbergii fishing, Macrobrachium rosenbergii fishing begins in late September, using ground traps, with a Macrobrachium rosenbergii yield of 40-60kg / mu; S62. Fenhu crab fishing: Fenhu crabs are caught in batches using ground traps starting from October, catching the big ones and leaving the small ones. Fishing ends in December. The yield of Fenhu crabs is 100-150kg / mu.

7. An ecological low-carbon polyculture device for Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a fish-light complementary mode, comprising the polyculture method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The device comprises a breeding pond (1) and a plurality of photovoltaic systems (2), wherein the photovoltaic system (2) comprises a fixed pile (21), a movable pile (22) and a photovoltaic panel (23), wherein the fixed pile (21) is provided with a floating island platform (24), wherein the fixed pile (21) is fixedly installed by being driven into the bottom of the breeding pond (1), wherein the fixed pile (21) is provided with a fixed pile installation portion (211), wherein the movable pile (22) is fixedly installed by the movable pile installation portion (221) and the fixed pile installation portion (211) by means of threaded mounting; wherein the photovoltaic panel (23) is installed on a photovoltaic base (231), wherein a first bracket (232) and a second bracket (233) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the photovoltaic base (231), wherein the first bracket (232) and the second bracket (233) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the photovoltaic base (231), wherein the first bracket (232) and the second bracket (233) are fixedly mounted on the photovoltaic base (231). 233) intersect to form a triangle, the length of the first bracket (232) is longer than the length of the second bracket (233), a bracket mounting portion (222) is provided at the top position of the movable pile (22), and the movable pile (22) is further provided with an electric cylinder mounting portion (223) on one side of the second bracket (233), and the intersection of the first bracket (232) and the second bracket (233) is hingedly mounted to the bracket mounting portion (222); the second bracket (233) is further hingedly mounted with an adjusting bracket (234), and an adjusting electric cylinder (224) is further provided on the movable pile (22), the movable end of the adjusting electric cylinder (224) is hingedly connected to the adjusting bracket (234), and the fixed end of the adjusting electric cylinder (224) is hingedly connected to the electric cylinder mounting portion (223).

8. The low-carbon ecological polyculture device for Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A bait throwing machine (3) is provided on the floating island platform (24), and the bait throwing machine (3) includes a storage bin (31). The storage bin (31) is a funnel structure, with a feed port (32) provided at the top and a discharge port (33) provided at the bottom. A spiral feeding device (34) is provided inside the discharge port (33), and the discharge port (33) is connected to a feeding pipe (35). A feeding fan (36) is also provided on the discharge port (33). A bait throwing machine base (37) is provided at the bottom of the bait throwing machine (3), and the bait throwing machine base (37) is fixedly connected to the floating island platform (24). The bait throwing machine (3) is electrically connected to the photovoltaic system (2).

9. The low-carbon ecological polyculture device for Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 7, characterized in that: The floating island platform (24) includes a counterweight block (241) and a floating block (242). A plurality of aerators (4) are also provided at the bottom of the floating island platform (24). A parameter sensor (5) is also provided at the draft position of the side wall of the floating island platform (24). Both the aerator (4) and the parameter sensor (5) are electrically connected to the photovoltaic system (2).

10. The low-carbon ecological polyculture device for Fenhu crabs and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a fish-light complementary mode according to claim 7, characterized in that: A double-layer anti-escape device is provided on the outside of the breeding pond (1), comprising an inner anti-dig plate (12) and an outer anti-escape net (13). The anti-dig plate (12) is buried in the mud at the bottom of the pond to a depth of 20 cm. The anti-dig plate (12) has a total length of 80-100 cm. The anti-escape net (13) is a double-layer structure with a pore size of 60-80 mesh.

Images