A sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated space-air-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system, belonging to the field of remote sensing monitoring technology. The system outlines the functions, parameter constraints, and coordination relationships of modules for space-based, air-based, and ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition, data analysis, processing, and application. By matching the acquired multi-element data at different scales (space, spectral, observation angle, and atmospheric elements), the system can comprehensively acquire the reflection characteristics, heat dissipation, photochemical index, emission fluorescence, and atmospheric transport characteristics of vegetation during photosynthesis. The system also presents parameter relationships and methods for extracting full-spectrum fluorescence radiation information curves based on oxygen absorption and the Fraunhofer dark line. Based on space-air-ground calibration and model verification, the system can perform chlorophyll fluorescence detection at varying levels of detail across a large global area, key regions, and ground canopy scales, enabling real-time monitoring of various vegetation stress effects and accurate estimation of primary total productivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of remote sensing monitoring technology, specifically relating to an integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a weak light signal released during plant photosynthesis, and its intensity is closely related to vegetation photosynthetic efficiency, stress status, and environmental adaptability. As a direct probe of vegetation physiological status, SIF has unique value in agricultural yield estimation, ecosystem carbon cycle monitoring, and global climate change research. However, existing SIF monitoring technologies still face several technical bottlenecks, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-precision, multi-scale operational applications.

[0003] The main challenge in current SIF monitoring lies in the extremely weak signal, typically accounting for only 1%-5% of the vegetation reflectance signal, and its susceptibility to interference from complex environmental factors. For example, atmospheric aerosols and water vapor significantly affect the radiative transfer process, especially in the 400-850 nm band, where the polarization effect of aerosols can lead to polarization changes as high as 58.6%, thus introducing radiometric calibration errors. While existing spaceborne sensors can achieve SIF detection within a certain range, insufficient spectral resolution (typically ≥1 nm) and signal-to-noise ratio limitations (SNR<200) make it difficult to accurately capture the subtle features of the fluorescence signal, resulting in inversion errors generally exceeding 10%, which fails to meet the accuracy requirements of precision agriculture and ecological monitoring.

[0004] In terms of observation methods, current technologies have not yet formed an integrated space-air-ground collaborative monitoring system. Although space-based observations have a wide coverage, their spatial resolution is generally low, making it difficult to capture small-scale fluorescence changes in farmland or forest patches. They also lack calibration and model verification to support the refined application of observation data. Furthermore, swath width limitations result in long revisit cycles, failing to meet the needs of rapid dynamic monitoring of vegetation. While airborne systems (such as UAVs or airborne platforms) can provide meter-level resolution data, their coverage is limited, and they lack atmospheric parameter measurements (such as water vapor content and aerosol optical thickness) synchronized with spaceborne data, making multi-source data fusion difficult. Ground-based portable devices (such as photosynthesis meters) can acquire high-precision single-point data, but their representativeness is insufficient, making it difficult to match with remote sensing imagery and hindering model validation and scale expansion.

[0005] Furthermore, existing systems have significant limitations in elucidating the photosynthetic mechanism. The bimodal characteristics of SIF at 685 nm (mainly dominated by photosynthetic system II) and 740 nm (mainly dominated by photosynthetic system I) are crucial for understanding vegetation energy distribution, but current techniques struggle to effectively separate the contributions of these two systems, limiting in-depth interpretation of the intrinsic relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis. Simultaneously, vegetation fluorescence dynamics are directly influenced by canopy temperature, and most existing systems lack a synchronous thermal infrared observation module (temperature inversion accuracy needs to be better than 1 K), resulting in a lack of effective detection and quantification of crucial heat dissipation in photosynthesis. This further reduces the ability to provide a detailed explanation of the biochemical processes of vegetation photosynthesis and to quantitatively interpret weak fluorescence emission signals. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, this invention provides an integrated space-air-ground solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) monitoring system. This system achieves precise matching of Fraunhofer lines (SIF) regions through ultra-high spectral resolution (better than 0.3 nm) and dynamically adjustable sampling technology. Combined with multi-platform collaborative observation (space-based, air-based, and ground-based), it ensures spatiotemporal consistency of data. Furthermore, it integrates thermal infrared, multi-angle polarization, and atmospheric parameter measurement modules to comprehensively enhance the accuracy and application potential of SIF inversion, providing a comprehensive and high-precision technical solution for vegetation photosynthesis research and global carbon sink assessment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A sky-ground integrated solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system includes a sky-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, a space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, a ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and a data analysis, processing, and application module.

[0009] The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module acquire chlorophyll fluorescence information of the surface vegetation of the site from different scales and elements of space-based, air-based, and ground-based sources, respectively, and transmit it to the data analysis, processing and application module for processing. This enables the fusion of multi-source data from different scales and elements of space-based, air-based, and ground-based sources to form a standardized remote sensing dataset of sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence, realizing integrated space-air-ground monitoring of sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence.

[0010] Preferably, the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes a satellite platform and a spaceborne optical payload, wherein the spaceborne optical payload is mounted on the satellite platform and includes:

[0011] The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module covers a spectral range of 650-800 nm. Its spectral resolution can be achieved through on-orbit programming, allowing for free merging of spectral channels to achieve different spectral resolutions at different wavelengths, with the highest resolution exceeding 0.05 nm. The spectral calibration uncertainty is better than 0.02 nm, ensuring accurate matching between the imaging module's spectral sampling location and the absorption peaks and valleys of the solar Fraunhofer dark line. It is used to acquire information on solar reflection from the Earth's surface at a space-based scale.

[0012] Spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module: Its spectral range covers 500-800nm; the spectral resolution can be achieved by freely merging spectral channels through on-orbit programming, so that the imaging module has different spectral resolutions at different wavelength positions, with the highest spectral resolution being 2-5nm; used for acquiring fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at the space-based scale;

[0013] Spaceborne infrared imaging module: Its temperature inversion accuracy is better than 1K; used for acquiring thermal infrared information of plant canopies at the space-based scale;

[0014] Spaceborne atmospheric measurement module: It has no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels; it is used to acquire atmospheric parameters of plant canopy at the space-based scale.

[0015] Preferably, the main line of sight of the spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module, the spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module, the spaceborne infrared imaging module and the spaceborne atmospheric measurement module are kept parallel, and imaging synchronization is achieved through a unified second pulse, so as to realize the observation field of view and pixel matching of the four payloads.

[0016] Preferably, the satellite platform is at least one of a geostationary orbit satellite platform, a sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform, and a near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform. The geostationary orbit satellite platform is used to achieve real-time observation of the intensity changes of chlorophyll fluorescence information in the same area within the nadir point's field of view; the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform is used to observe the chlorophyll fluorescence of surface vegetation under the same illumination conditions; and the near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform is used to acquire the chlorophyll fluorescence changes of surface vegetation at different time phases within a day.

[0017] The sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform includes a morning observation satellite platform and an afternoon observation satellite platform, whose nadir observation trajectories coincide. The local time of the intersection of the morning observation satellite platform's orbit and the equator falls within the peak time interval of chlorophyll fluorescence emission in the morning, and can be used to observe the sum of surface background information and vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence emission information. The local time of the afternoon observation satellite platform's orbit and the equator falls within the trough time interval of chlorophyll fluorescence emission in the afternoon, and can be used to observe pure surface background information.

[0018] Preferably, the empty-base chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes an airborne flight platform and an airborne optical payload, wherein the airborne optical payload is mounted on the airborne flight platform and includes:

[0019] Airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module: its spectral range covers 650-800nm; spectral resolution is better than 0.02nm; spectral calibration uncertainty is 0.01nm; spatial resolution is better than 4m@2km; used for acquiring fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at the airborne scale;

[0020] Airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module: its spectral range covers 500-800nm; its spectral resolution is 2-3nm; its spatial resolution is better than 1m@2km; it is used to acquire information on the reflection of the sun from the Earth's surface at an airborne scale.

[0021] Airborne infrared imaging module: its temperature inversion accuracy is better than 1K; its spatial resolution is better than 1m@2km; used for acquiring thermal infrared information of plant canopy at the airborne scale;

[0022] Airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module: It has no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels; it is used to obtain radiation information transmitted upward from the ground covered by the observation area to the altitude of the aircraft flight platform from the air-based base. By obtaining ground reflected radiation information at different platform altitudes, it can then obtain real-time upward atmospheric radiation data along the observation path.

[0023] Airborne up-look all-sky atmospheric measurement module: It has no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels; it is used to obtain sky radiation information within the observation area coverage from the airborne base, and to obtain real-time atmospheric radiation information and all-sky background radiation information from the flight platform to the atmosphere, thereby obtaining real-time downlink atmospheric radiation data on the observation path from the spaceborne platform to the airborne platform.

[0024] Preferably, the main lines of view of the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne infrared imaging module, and airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module are kept parallel to achieve field of view and pixel matching of the four payloads; the airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module is installed on the top of the aircraft with its main line of view pointing upward, opposite to the above payloads.

[0025] Preferably, the flight platform needs to be equipped with a stabilizing platform to reduce the impact on the load and the blurring of the image.

[0026] Preferably, the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module is located on the ground surface of the site and includes:

[0027] Ground fluorescence measurement equipment: including portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging module, photosynthesis meter, etc.; through continuous observation and patrol observation, it obtains continuous time series fluorescence, spectral and temperature information at the canopy scale and continuous time series fluorescence, spectral and temperature information at the ground leaf scale.

[0028] Ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment: including a solar photometer with no fewer than 9 spectral channels and 2 polarization angles; used to continuously record data on solar irradiance, all-sky radiation, atmospheric water vapor content, and atmospheric aerosol content at different times of day.

[0029] Ground environment measurement equipment: including carbon flux measuring instruments, soil monitoring instruments, and temperature, humidity, and pressure data acquisition equipment, used to continuously record data such as temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux, and soil organic matter and water content in the vegetation growth area.

[0030] Preferably, the data analysis, processing and application module includes a fluorescence information preprocessing module, a fluorescence information inversion and matching module and a fluorescence information application module;

[0031] The fluorescence information preprocessing module preprocesses the space-based, air-based, and ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquired by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to obtain entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, entrance pupil radiance information at the airborne observation scale, entrance pupil radiance information at the ground observation scale, as well as the integrated air-ground observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset, forming an air-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset.

[0032] The fluorescence information inversion and matching module includes fluorescence information processing and inversion functions and multi-element matching functions at different scales of sky, air and ground. The fluorescence information processing and inversion function takes the integrated sky-ground observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset as input. First, it outputs atmospheric parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical thickness. Then, through the atmospheric inversion algorithm module, it performs information inversion on the entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale, and outputs the fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale, respectively. Finally, the multi-element matching function at different scales of sky, air and ground is used to match the fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale obtained above with spatial scale, spectral scale, and observation angle to form a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset.

[0033] The fluorescence information application module includes a consistency transfer calibration function and a multi-scale photosynthesis model application function. The consistency transfer calibration function requires a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset obtained from simultaneous observations of the same ground features by satellite, airborne, and ground-based sources. This dataset, depending on the observed ground features, is used for common-benchmark consistency calibration, authenticity verification, and quantitative accuracy evaluation across different sky-ground observation platforms. The multi-scale photosynthesis model application function utilizes continuously acquired standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing datasets from satellite, airborne, and ground sources. Specifically, it constructs a small-scale photosynthesis model by matching standardized ground-based and airborne data within the dataset. Within the scope of the test site, the small-scale photosynthesis model is iteratively validated using controllable ground-based experimental variables and standardized ground-based data. Furthermore, by matching and using standardized ground-based data, space-based data, and space-based data, and then through deep learning and model upscaling, a large-scale photosynthesis model is obtained. Globally, the large-scale photosynthesis model is iteratively validated using standardized space-based data and the small-scale photosynthesis model obtained within a certain scope. This will continuously expand the spatial coverage of fluorescence observation products, improve the spatial resolution of fluorescence observation products, accumulate time-series data, and enhance the accuracy of fluorescence and plant physiological correlation models.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] This invention acquires chlorophyll fluorescence information of surface vegetation from different scales and elements at different locations, including space-based, air-based, and ground-based systems. Through data analysis, processing, and application modules, it achieves multi-source data fusion of different scales and elements at different locations, including space-based, air-based, and ground-based systems. This enables matching of spatial scales, spectral scales, observation angles, and atmospheric elements, and can fully acquire the reflection characteristics, heat dissipation, fluorescence emission, and atmospheric transport characteristics of vegetation during photosynthesis. It can generate more accurate full-spectrum radiation information curves of vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence, obtain various application data products through data inversion, acquire standardized remote sensing datasets of sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence, and realize integrated space-air-ground monitoring of sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence. This allows for real-time monitoring of various stress effects on vegetation and accurate estimation of primary total productivity of vegetation.

[0036] The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module of this invention sets the main axes of four payloads to be parallel and achieves imaging synchronization through a unified second pulse. This enables field-of-view and pixel matching of the four payloads, allowing the acquisition of information on the reflection of the sun from the ground surface, fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation, thermal infrared information of plant canopy, and atmospheric radiation information within the same field of view. This allows for more accurate inversion of fluorescence information of vegetation such as grasslands, forests, and crops, better reflecting the influence of stress effects on vegetation health, better understanding the energy balance after vegetation absorbs light energy, and improving the interpretability of vegetation physiological information. It also contributes to the subsequent extraction and separation of PS I and PS II, achieves decoupling of the vegetation photosynthetic system, and better explains the intrinsic mechanism and laws of fluorescence estimation of crop productivity.

[0037] The airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module of this invention adds an airborne down-looking atmospheric measurement module and an airborne up-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module, which can effectively acquire the real-time total radiation energy of the entire sky and the real-time up- and down-looking atmospheric radiation data along the observation path, and invert to obtain the airborne all-atmosphere path parameters. Together with the atmospheric parameters acquired by the spaceborne atmospheric measurement module of the spaceborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and the ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment of the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, it forms an integrated air-ground observation atmospheric parameter. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a sky-ground integrated solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 The graph shows the solar Fraunhofer KI absorption line near 770 nm and the fluorescence TOA signal curve.

[0040] Figure 3 A comparison of vegetation reflectance and fluorescence radiance within the oxygen absorption zone;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a structural composition diagram of a spaceborne optical payload;

[0042] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the collaborative workflow of spaceborne optical payloads;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the data analysis, processing, and application module of the integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the practical application of the integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system of the present invention.

[0045] Figure label:

[0046] 1-Spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module; 2-Spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module; 3-Spaceborne infrared imaging module; 4-Spaceborne atmospheric measurement module. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system of the present invention includes a sky-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, a space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, a ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and a data analysis, processing and application module.

[0049] The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module consists of a satellite platform and a spaceborne optical payload. It is used to acquire information on the reflection of sunlight from the Earth's surface, fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation, thermal infrared information of plant canopy, and atmospheric radiation information. The acquired information is uniformly transmitted from the satellite platform to the data analysis, processing, and application module for processing, thereby retrieving accurate fluorescence information of vegetation such as grasslands, forests, and crops. This can better reflect the influence of stress effects on vegetation health status, better understand the energy balance after vegetation absorbs light energy, and improve the interpretability of vegetation physiological information. It also contributes to the subsequent extraction and separation of PS I and PS II, realizes the decoupling of the vegetation photosystem, and better explains the intrinsic mechanism and law of fluorescence estimation of crop productivity.

[0050] Preferably, the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module of the present invention has a ground observation spatial resolution better than 240m. This resolution can acquire SIF information of typical vegetation patches at a small scale while ensuring a large coverage area, and can be effectively applied to fine observation and research of vegetation such as forests, grasslands, and plain crops.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the spaceborne optical payload of the present invention includes a spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1, a spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2, a spaceborne infrared imaging module 3, and a spaceborne atmospheric measurement module 4, as follows: Figure 5As shown, the spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2 calculates the photochemical index, leaf area index, and vegetation index by acquiring vegetation reflectance; the spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1 decomposes chlorophyll fluorescence into PSI fluorescence and PSII fluorescence; the spaceborne infrared imaging module 3 acquires vegetation canopy temperature; and the spaceborne atmospheric measurement module 4 acquires atmospheric polarization radiation data, atmospheric water vapor, and aerosol data. After summarizing the above data, a photosynthesis remote sensing model is established and applied to various application models such as drought monitoring, pest and disease monitoring, crop yield estimation monitoring, and primary productivity estimation. The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1, spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2, spaceborne infrared imaging module 3, and spaceborne atmospheric measurement module 4 of this invention achieve imaging synchronization through a unified second pulse synchronization time. The main line of sight of the spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1, spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2, and spaceborne infrared imaging module 3 is parallel to that of the spaceborne atmospheric measurement module 4, achieving field-of-view and pixel matching among the four imaging modules.

[0052] The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1 of this invention has a spectral range covering 650-800 nm, completely covering the emission range of chlorophyll fluorescence. This continuous, wide spectral coverage significantly improves fluorescence inversion accuracy and interpretation capabilities. Since the fluorescence information band includes oxygen A / B absorption bands near 690 nm and 760 nm, such as... Figure 3 As shown, within the oxygen absorption zone, the fluorescence radiance equation at the TOC can be established by utilizing the characteristic that fluorescence information undergoes one less atmospheric transmission than surface reflected light information:

[0053] ;

[0054] The absorption zone TOA entrance pupil radiance is high, typically 70mW;

[0055] The absorption zone TOA entrance pupil radiance is low, typically 10mW;

[0056] This is to absorb high values ​​of atmospheric path radiation.

[0057] This absorbs low values ​​of atmospheric path radiation.

[0058] The maximum atmospheric transmittance value for the absorption zone is 0.65;

[0059] The low atmospheric transmittance value for the absorption zone is taken as 0.24;

[0060] K is the ratio of peak to valley absorption rates. / ;

[0061] Determine the impact of partial differential analysis on the accuracy of fluorescence inversion:

[0062] ;

[0063] Absolute radiation calibration accuracy Take 2%;

[0064] Process radiation accuracy Take 5%;

[0065] When the signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence detection system is better than 180, a low-end fluorescence detection system can achieve low-end fluorescence detection by weighted averaging of inversion results from three adjacent narrow-spectrum oxygen absorption ranges. The information change of 10mW is less than 0.032mW, which meets the accuracy requirements of fluorescence inversion. Better than 10% of application requirements.

[0066] The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1 of this invention has a maximum spectral resolution of 0.02-0.05 nm. Addressing the high spectral resolution requirements of spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing modules for sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral detection, it can achieve chlorophyll fluorescence inversion using the Fraunhofer absorption dark line with a wavelength bandwidth of 0.1-10 nm. The spectral resolution can be achieved through on-orbit programming and free merging of spectral channels, enabling different spectral resolutions at different wavelengths. Furthermore, the ultra-high spectral resolution improves the robustness of the inversion.

[0067] The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1 of this invention has a spectral calibration uncertainty of 0.01 nm, ensuring accurate matching between the spectral sampling location and the absorption peaks and valleys of the solar Fraunhofer dark line. This spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1 can be set with different spectral resolutions at different spectral positions, matching the different bandwidths of characteristic spectral absorption peaks and valleys at corresponding wavelengths. This achieves optimal decoupling of vegetation reflectance information and emission fluorescence information, contributing to the acquisition of more accurate full-spectrum fluorescence radiation signal curves.

[0068] In wavelength bands with relatively flat atmospheric transmittance, fluorescence information can be obtained using the Fraunhofer dark line filling inversion method. Based on the Fraunhofer line filling effect, the fluorescence radiance equation at TOC is established:

[0069] ;

[0070] The TOA entrance pupil radiance outside the Fraunhofer line absorption band of Fe;

[0071] The entrance pupil radiance within the Fraunhofer line absorption band of Fe;

[0072] Atmospheric path radiation;

[0073] Atmospheric transmittance, taken as 0.8;

[0074] The peak-to-valley ratio at the Fraunhofer line (758.81 nm) at Fe was 1.5–4 for different absorption lines, with a typical value of 2 used for analysis.

[0075] Determine the impact of partial differential analysis on the accuracy of fluorescence inversion:

[0076] ;

[0077] Absolute radiation calibration accuracy Take 2%;

[0078] Process radiation accuracy Take 5%;

[0079] When the signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence detection system is better than 150... The signal change of 45mW is less than 0.03mW, which meets the accuracy requirements for fluorescence inversion. Better than 10% of application requirements. For example, in Fe (around 758nm), such as... Figure 2 As shown, at the solar Fraunhofer line (around 771 nm), the spectral resolution can be set up to 0.03 nm. This resolution allows for the acquisition of the true and complete peak and trough shapes of the Fraunhofer line in the atmospheric transmission band. The fluorescence radiance at this wavelength can be accurately retrieved through the fluorescence filling effect on the solar Fraunhofer line. Similarly, at the oxygen absorption location around 761 nm, the spectral resolution can be set to 0.2-0.3 nm. This resolution allows for the acquisition of the true and complete peak and trough waveforms in the oxygen absorption band. The fluorescence radiance at this wavelength can be accurately retrieved through the fluorescence filling effect on the oxygen absorption line. By using these different spectral resolution settings and corresponding fluorescence inversion methods, fluorescence radiation information covering several spectral positions within the 650 nm-800 nm range can be obtained, which can be used to reconstruct full-fluorescence spectrum curves.

[0080] The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2 covers a spectral range of 500-800 nm. As auxiliary data, it can accurately acquire information such as the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) (as shown in the formula below) and vegetation physiological parameters, which is very helpful in solving the complex nonlinear relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis. The highest spectral resolution is 2-5 nm. The spectral resolution can be achieved by freely merging spectral channels through on-orbit programming, realizing different spectral resolutions at different wavelengths. Its spatial resolution is better than 60 m, which is four times higher than that of spaceborne hyperspectral imaging. The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2 of this invention can accurately acquire the photochemical index (PRI), chlorophyll content, and leaf area index of vegetation within the above-mentioned spectral range. PRI is strongly correlated with the heat dissipation (NPQ) generated by photosynthesis, and fluorescence is closely related to chlorophyll content and vegetation cover. Therefore, the nonlinear relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis can be fitted.

[0081] ;

[0082] In the formula, These represent the reflectance at 531 nm and 570 nm, respectively, in the measured wavelength range.

[0083] The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1 and the spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2 of the present invention have different spectral resolutions and spectral ranges. By designing a partial overlap of the spectral ranges of the two imaging modules, strict spectral registration between the two imaging modules can be achieved.

[0084] Since all physiological processes of vegetation are affected by canopy temperature, the temperature inversion accuracy of the spaceborne infrared imaging module 3 is better than 1K, which is used to interpret the dynamic changes in photosynthesis affected by the observed chlorophyll fluorescence.

[0085] The spaceborne atmospheric measurement module 4 has no fewer than four polarization angles and no fewer than nine spectral channels, and is capable of inverting atmospheric parameters such as water vapor and aerosol optical thickness. It is used to acquire atmospheric scattering radiation information throughout the entire path within the observation area's coverage area. Based on the analysis of the measured polarization characteristics and the variation of polarization state with scattering angles, it can quantitatively invert the shape, size, refractive index, and optical thickness of aerosol particles, thereby obtaining atmospheric scattering and polarization information throughout the entire path. Using the multi-angle spaceborne atmospheric measurement module 4, high-precision parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical thickness can be obtained. After performing high-precision atmospheric correction on the remote sensing data acquired by the morning and afternoon satellites, and then performing differential analysis, the radiance information of the fluorescence emission component in the total vegetation radiance information can be obtained.

[0086] The spaceborne atmospheric measurement module 4 has the functions of real-time, common-line-of-view measurement and inversion of atmospheric parameters in the observation area. For atmospheric parameters that change on a minute-by-minute basis, the accuracy of synchronous parameter acquisition can meet the requirements.

[0087] The satellite platform is at least one of the following: geostationary orbit satellite platform, sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform, and near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform; wherein the geostationary orbit satellite platform is used to realize real-time observation of the intensity changes of chlorophyll fluorescence information in the same area within the field of view of the nadir point; the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform is used to realize the observation of chlorophyll fluorescence of global surface vegetation under the same illumination conditions; and the near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform is used to acquire the chlorophyll fluorescence changes of global surface vegetation at different time phases within a day.

[0088] The sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform includes a morning observation satellite platform and an afternoon observation satellite platform. The morning observation satellite platform's orbit intersects the equator at a time when chlorophyll fluorescence emission peaks in the morning, allowing it to observe the sum of surface background information and vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence emission information. The afternoon observation satellite platform's orbit intersects the equator at a time when chlorophyll fluorescence emission is at a low point in the afternoon, allowing it to observe pure surface background information. The nadir observation trajectories of the morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms coincide. The morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms pass the same ground location 2-6 hours apart. Since vegetation reflectance can be considered constant within this 2-6 hour interval, the differences in information acquired by the morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms are only due to differences in real-time atmospheric aerosol composition, water vapor content, reflectance information introduced by different solar illumination angles, and fluorescence emission information. Using the onboard atmospheric measurement module 4, high-precision parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical thickness can be obtained. By performing solar illumination angle normalization and high-precision atmospheric radiation correction on the remote sensing data acquired by the morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms respectively, the radiance information of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission component of the surface vegetation can be obtained. The revisit cycle for the same location can be shortened by increasing the number of satellites in the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform.

[0089] The near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform can change the range of latitude and north latitude covered by satellite observations by adjusting the satellite's orbital inclination; it can also change the phase difference between the orbit and the Earth's rotation by changing the orbital altitude. These two factors together affect the revisit cycle of the observation area. Typically, inclined orbit satellites can only conduct daytime or nighttime observations of the same area within several tens of days; therefore, a network of no fewer than six satellites is needed to achieve high-frequency coverage observations of low-latitude, vegetation-rich areas.

[0090] The airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module consists of an airborne flight platform and an airborne optical payload. It is used to acquire information on solar reflection from the Earth's surface, fluorescence emission from surface vegetation, and thermal infrared information from the plant canopy. Simultaneously, it acquires atmospheric radiation information along the path from the Earth's surface to the flight altitude and atmospheric radiation information from the flight altitude to the top of the atmosphere. The acquired information is stored on the airborne flight platform and then transmitted to the data analysis, processing, and application module for further processing.

[0091] The airborne optical payload includes an airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an airborne infrared imaging module, an airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module, and an airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module. During integration and installation on the airborne flight platform, the main axes of the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, and the airborne infrared imaging module are parallel, thereby achieving strict registration of the observation fields and pixels of the three imaging modules.

[0092] Preferably, the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module of the present invention has a spectral range covering 650-800 nm; a spectral resolution better than 0.02 nm; a spectral calibration uncertainty of 0.01 nm; and a spatial resolution of 4 m@2 km; and is used for acquiring fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at the airborne scale. The airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module of the present invention has a spectral range covering 500-800 nm; a spectral resolution of 2-3 nm; and a spatial resolution of 1 m@2 km; and is used for acquiring solar reflectance information of the surface at the airborne scale. The airborne infrared imaging module of the present invention has an inversion accuracy better than 1 K; and a spatial resolution of 1 m@2 km; and is used for acquiring thermal infrared information of plant canopy at the airborne scale. When the resolution of the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module reaches the meter level, it can acquire observational data of better than ten meters needed for agricultural and forestry engineering planning, small-area crop observational data for fragmented farmland in southern mountainous areas, and meter-level observational data needed for high-standard farmland in precision agriculture, directly meeting the needs of higher precision remote sensing within a small area. On the other hand, it can be used in conjunction with data from the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to identify the sub-pixel level information distribution in the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information at a higher resolution scale, better calibrating the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and becoming a data bridge for establishing a benchmark for the transfer of precise ground-based data and long-distance space-based remote sensing data.

[0093] The airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module is used to acquire the radiation information transmitted upward from the ground at the altitude of the aircraft flight platform covered by the observation area. The downward-looking atmospheric measurement module of the aircraft flight platform payload acquires the ground reflected radiation information from the underlying surface to different platform altitudes, and then acquires real-time upward atmospheric radiation data along the observation path.

[0094] The airborne up-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module is used to acquire sky radiation information within the observation area coverage. By acquiring real-time atmospheric radiation information from the flight platform to the outside atmosphere and all-sky background radiation information, it obtains real-time downlink atmospheric radiation data along the observation path from the spaceborne platform to the airborne platform. The downlink atmospheric radiation information acquired by the airborne up-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module and the uplink radiation information acquired by the airborne down-looking atmospheric measurement module are fused and inverted by the data analysis and application module to obtain segmented atmospheric path parameters and full atmospheric path parameters. The acquired segmented atmospheric path parameters can be used for atmospheric correction and signal inversion of the data acquired by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module itself. The calculated full atmospheric path parameters can be cross-checked with the full-path atmospheric parameters directly acquired by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to correct space-based errors.

[0095] The ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes a ground fluorescence measurement device, a ground atmospheric measurement device, and a ground environmental measurement device. The ground fluorescence measurement device is established in different experimental sites such as farmland, forest, and grassland. It acquires continuous time-series fluorescence, spectral, and temperature information at the canopy scale and at the ground leaf scale through continuous observation and surveys. The ground atmospheric measurement device is established in areas with good visibility within the experimental site, avoiding vegetation obstruction. It continuously records solar radiation intensity, all-sky radiation, atmospheric water vapor content, and atmospheric aerosol content at different times each day by observing the sun. The ground environmental measurement device continuously records data such as temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux, and soil organic matter and water content in the vegetation growth environment at different times each day. Different stress environments are established at each experimental site, and the ground fluorescence, ground atmospheric, and ground environmental measurement devices are used to acquire chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photochemical indices, vegetation indices, and total primary productivity of vegetation under different stress conditions.

[0096] The data acquired by the aforementioned space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, empty-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module are all sent to the data analysis, processing, and application module for processing.

[0097] like Figure 6 As shown, the data analysis, processing and application module includes a fluorescence information preprocessing module, a fluorescence information inversion and matching module, and a fluorescence information application module.

[0098] The fluorescence information preprocessing module performs radiometric and spectral corrections on the space-based, airborne, and ground-based fluorescence information acquired by the space-based, airborne, and ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition modules to obtain entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, the airborne observation scale, and the ground observation scale. The fluorescence information preprocessing module also preprocesses atmospheric data acquired by the spaceborne atmospheric measurement module, the airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module, the airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module, and ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment to obtain an integrated space-ground observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset. Furthermore, the fluorescence information preprocessing module can preprocess environmental data acquired by ground-based environmental measurement equipment at different times, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux, and soil organic matter and water content in the vegetation growth environment, to form a synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset. The entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, the entrance pupil radiance information at the airborne observation scale, the entrance pupil radiance information at the ground observation scale, the integrated air-ground observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset, and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset together constitute the air-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset.

[0099] The fluorescence information inversion and matching module includes fluorescence information processing and inversion functions and multi-element matching functions at different scales (sky, air, and ground). The fluorescence information processing and inversion function takes the integrated sky-ground observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset from the sky-ground remote sensing radiance dataset as input. First, it outputs atmospheric parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical thickness. Then, based on these atmospheric parameters, the atmospheric inversion algorithm module performs information inversion on the entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, the airborne observation scale, and the ground observation scale, outputting fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale, respectively. Finally, the multi-element matching function at different scales (sky, air, and ground) matches the acquired fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale according to spatial scale, spectral scale, and observation angle, forming a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset.

[0100] The fluorescence information application module includes a consistency transfer calibration function and a multi-scale photosynthesis model application function. The consistency transfer calibration function requires a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset obtained from simultaneous observations of the same ground features by satellite, airborne, and ground-based systems. This dataset is characterized by the simultaneous acquisition of space-based, airborne, and ground-based observation data of the ground reference target, sharing the same observation environment and atmospheric conditions, resulting in the highest multi-element matching accuracy. Depending on the observed ground features, the data is used for common reference consistency calibration, authenticity verification, and quantitative accuracy evaluation across different sky-ground observation platforms. The multi-scale photosynthesis model application function utilizes continuously acquired standardized air-ground fluorescence remote sensing datasets from satellites, aerial surveys, and ground-based systems. Specifically, it matches and uses standardized ground-based and air-based data from these datasets to construct a small-scale photosynthesis model. This establishes a quantitative relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence full-spectrum radiation information curves, reflectance characteristics, heat dissipation, vegetation health status, and primary productivity during vegetation photosynthesis. This allows for rapid and frequent iterative verification of the small-scale photosynthesis model within a defined area, such as large farms or woodlands, using controllable ground-based experimental variables and standardized ground-based data. Furthermore, by matching and using standardized ground-based, air-based, and space-based data, and through deep learning and model upscaling, a large-scale photosynthesis model is obtained. Globally, this model is iteratively verified using standardized air-based data acquired within a defined area, along with the small-scale photosynthesis model. This continuously expands the spatial coverage of fluorescence observation products, improves their spatial resolution, accumulates time-series data, and enhances the accuracy of fluorescence and plant physiological correlation models.

[0101] The fluorescence information application module of this invention can be used to measure vegetation physiological parameters in different experimental sites such as farmland, forest, and grassland. This allows for further research into the quantitative relationship between plant fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic activity under different stress conditions, as well as regression models between total primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and chlorophyll fluorescence, and between photochemical indices and vegetation indices. This provides a foundation for improving the mechanism and accuracy of monitoring vegetation productivity based on satellite chlorophyll fluorescence images. Single and combined experiments with multiple stress factors (nitrogen, drought, high temperature, and disease) will be conducted on the ground. In the field, typical crops will be selected as research subjects, and different levels of stress treatments will be applied at different growth stages (flowering, grain-filling, and tillering stages) to elucidate the quantitative impact of environmental factors and different levels of stress on chlorophyll fluorescence information, spectral indices, and vegetation productivity, and to construct a robust early monitoring model for crop stress. In forests and grasslands, large-scale productivity estimation models based on chlorophyll fluorescence will be established under different phenological conditions and canopy structures. Ultimately, the fluorescence information application module will be applied to vegetation productivity monitoring, ecological and environmental stress monitoring, and pest and disease monitoring.

[0102] Due to the weak excitation wavelength and information characteristics of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral detection, high requirements are placed on the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing module. Simultaneously, the processing method for extracting fluorescence information from strong background solar reflection and complex atmospheric interference requires high precision. Therefore, this invention designs a space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module composed of a satellite platform and a spaceborne optical payload. This module acquires information on the Earth's surface reflection of the sun, fluorescence emission information from surface vegetation, thermal infrared information from plant canopies, and atmospheric radiation information. The acquired information, along with atmospheric radiation information, is then forwarded to the data analysis, processing, and application module for further processing. The satellite platform of this invention includes at least one of a geostationary orbit satellite platform, a sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform, and a near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform. The sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform comprises a dual system of morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms with mirrored orbits, resulting in a short revisit period and real-time acquisition of chlorophyll fluorescence information. This reduces interference from time variations in chlorophyll fluorescence information, thereby improving the accuracy of the chlorophyll fluorescence information.

[0103] Due to the complex ground environment, in addition to vegetation, there is also interference from other irrelevant fluorescence information, which makes the chlorophyll fluorescence information acquired by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module inaccurate. Therefore, this invention uses information acquired by a high spatial resolution airborne optical payload to quickly remove interference from irrelevant fluorescence information within the sub-pixel range acquired by the spaceborne payload.

[0104] Since chlorophyll fluorescence information is also affected by the canopy structure of ground vegetation, the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module of this invention includes a ground fluorescence measurement device, a ground atmospheric measurement device, and a ground environmental measurement device, thereby accurately determining the canopy structure of ground vegetation and making the obtained chlorophyll fluorescence information more accurate.

[0105] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sky-ground integrated solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system, characterized in that: It includes a space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, an empty-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, a ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and a data analysis, processing, and application module. The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module acquire surface vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence information from different elements at different scales of space-based, air-based, and ground-based systems, respectively, and transmit it to the data analysis, processing, and application module. The data analysis, processing, and application module includes a fluorescence information preprocessing module, a fluorescence information inversion and matching module, and a fluorescence information application module. The fluorescence information preprocessing module preprocesses the space-based, air-based, and ground-based information acquired by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to obtain entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, entrance pupil radiance information at the airborne observation scale, entrance pupil radiance information at the ground observation scale, as well as the integrated air-ground observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset, forming an air-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset. The fluorescence information inversion and matching module is used for fluorescence information processing and inversion, and multi-element matching at different scales of sky, ground, and air. The fluorescence information processing and inversion includes using a sky-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset and a synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset as inputs, and using an atmospheric inversion algorithm module to invert the entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale, respectively outputting fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale. The multi-element matching at different scales of sky, ground, and air includes matching the acquired fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, airborne observation scale, and ground observation scale according to spatial scale, spectral scale, and observation angle to form a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset. The fluorescence information application module is used for consistency transfer calibration and multi-scale photosynthesis model application. The consistency transfer calibration includes using a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset, which is used for common benchmark consistency calibration, authenticity verification, and quantitative accuracy evaluation of different sky-ground observation platforms according to different observed ground objects. The multi-scale photosynthesis model application includes using continuously acquired standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing datasets to construct small-scale photosynthesis models and large-scale photosynthesis models. The small-scale photosynthesis model is constructed by matching standardized ground-based data and air-based data in a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset. Within a certain range, the constructed small-scale photosynthesis model is iteratively verified using ground-controlled experimental variables and standardized ground-based data obtained from the test field. The large-scale photosynthesis model is constructed by matching standardized ground-based data, air-based data, and space-based data from a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset, and then obtained through deep learning and model upscaling. Globally, the large-scale photosynthesis model is iteratively verified using standardized air-based data obtained within a certain range and small-scale photosynthesis models.

2. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes a satellite platform and a spaceborne optical payload, which is mounted on the satellite platform.

3. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spaceborne optical payload includes a spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module, a spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module, a spaceborne infrared imaging module, and a spaceborne atmospheric measurement module. The satellite platform is at least one of a geostationary orbit satellite platform, a sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform, and a near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform.

4. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module, hyperspectral imaging module, and infrared imaging module are parallel to the main line of sight of the spaceborne atmospheric measurement module and are synchronized through a unified second pulse. The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module has a spectral range of 650-800 nm and a spectral resolution matching the oxygen absorption line or typical Fraunhofer dark line, used for acquiring fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at the space-based scale. The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module has a spectral range of 500-800 nm and a spectral resolution better than 3 nm, with a spatial scale better than 4 times that of the hyperspectral imaging module, used for acquiring solar reflection information of the surface and vegetation on it at the space-based scale. The spaceborne infrared imaging module has the same spatial resolution as the hyperspectral imaging module and is used for acquiring thermal infrared information of plant canopy at the space-based scale. The spaceborne atmospheric measurement module has no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels, used for acquiring atmospheric parameters of plant canopy at the space-based scale.

5. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The geosynchronous orbit satellite platform is used to continuously observe the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence intensity in the same area within the field of view of the nadir point; the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform is used to observe the chlorophyll fluorescence of surface vegetation under the same illumination conditions in different regions around the world. The near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform is used to acquire changes in chlorophyll fluorescence of surface vegetation at different times of the day.

6. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The empty-base chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes an airborne flight platform and an airborne optical payload. The airborne optical payload is mounted on the airborne flight platform and includes an airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an airborne infrared imaging module, an airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module, and an airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module.

7. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne infrared imaging module, and airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module maintain parallel main lines of sight to achieve field of view and pixel matching of the four payloads; the airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module is installed on the top of the aircraft with its main line of sight pointing upward, opposite to the other payloads.

8. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module has a spectral range covering 650-800 nm, with a spectral resolution matching the oxygen absorption line or the typical Fraunhofer dark line. Its spatial resolution is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the space-based system, and it is used to acquire fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at the space-based scale. The airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module has a spectral range covering 500-800 nm, with a spectral resolution better than 3 nm and a spatial scale better than four times that of the hyperspectral imaging module. It is used to acquire solar reflectance information of the surface and vegetation on it at the space-based scale. The airborne infrared imaging module has the same spatial resolution as the hyperspectral imaging module and is used to acquire thermal infrared information of plant canopy at the space-based scale. The airborne down-looking atmospheric measurement module has no less than four polarization observation angles and no less than nine spectral channels, and is used to acquire radiation information transmitted upward from the ground covered by the space-based observation area to the altitude of the airborne flight platform. The airborne up-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module has no less than four polarization observation angles and no less than nine spectral channels, and is used to acquire sky radiation information within the coverage area of ​​the observation area from the space-based system.

9. The integrated sky-ground solar-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module is located on the ground of the site and includes: Ground-based fluorescence measurement equipment acquires continuous time-series fluorescence, spectral, and temperature information at the canopy scale and at the ground leaf scale through continuous observation and patrol observation. Ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment is used to continuously record data on solar radiation intensity, all-sky radiation, atmospheric water vapor content, and atmospheric aerosol content at different times of the day. Ground-based environmental measurement equipment is used to continuously record data on temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux, and soil organic matter and water content in vegetation growth areas.

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