Energy storage prefabricated cabin fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing agent injection flow rate control method

Abstract

The invention provides an energy storage prefabricated cabin fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing agent injection flow rate control method. The method comprises the steps that the temperature in an energy storage prefabricated cabin is obtained and subjected to normalization processing; the smoke concentration in the energy storage prefabricated cabin is obtained and subjected to normalization processing; determining a fire extinguishing mode according to the normalized temperature and the normalized smoke concentration; and according to the fire extinguishing mode, the target injection dosage D of the fire extinguishing agent is determined, and based on injection control parameters used for controlling injection of the fire extinguishing agent, an injection control function Q (t) with the injection flow speed changing along with time is constructed, so that dynamic regulation and control over the injection flow speed of the fire extinguishing agent are conducted in the corresponding fire extinguishing mode, and injection is stopped until the target injection dosage D is met. According to the method, through close cooperation of normalization processing, mode recognition and function regulation and control, whole-process dynamic management of the fire extinguishing agent spraying process is achieved, a new control means is provided for fire extinguishing implementation, and the situation that an existing fire extinguishing system is delayed in response and extensive in control is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fire extinguishing control technology, and in particular to a fire extinguishing device for a prefabricated energy storage cabin and a method for controlling the injection flow rate of a fire extinguishing agent. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, energy storage systems have become a crucial component of wind power, photovoltaic power generation, and grid regulation. Prefabricated energy storage tanks, owing to their high structural integration, flexible deployment, and convenient operation and maintenance, are widely used in various energy storage scenarios. These tanks typically integrate lithium batteries, battery management systems (BMS), environmental monitoring, and fire-fighting equipment. Their operational safety is directly linked to system stability and asset security. Therefore, improving the accuracy and adaptability of fire response control within prefabricated energy storage tanks is a key research area in the field of energy storage safety control.

[0003] Existing fire control technologies for prefabricated energy storage chambers typically employ a threshold-triggered strategy. This strategy automatically activates the fire extinguishing system to spray gas or liquid extinguishing agents based on temperature or smoke concentration exceeding set values. For example, when a temperature rise or smoke concentration exceeds a specified limit is detected, the control system directly triggers the spraying of extinguishing agents. Spray parameters (such as flow rate and time) are typically preset and do not dynamically change with actual fire characteristics. While some systems support combined gas and liquid spraying, the control logic remains relatively simple, making it difficult to effectively distinguish between different fire scenarios and select the optimal spraying strategy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a fire extinguishing device for an energy storage prefabricated cabin and a method for controlling the injection flow rate of a fire extinguishing agent, which are used to solve the problem that the fire extinguishing control strategy of the existing energy storage prefabricated cabin lacks dynamic coordinated control of the injection flow rate and dosage for different fire modes.

[0005] On the one hand, the present application provides a method for controlling the injection flow rate of a fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode, comprising: Obtain the temperature inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and perform normalization processing; Obtain the smoke concentration inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and perform normalization processing; Determine the fire extinguishing mode according to the normalized temperature and the normalized smoke density; According to the fire extinguishing mode, a target injection dose D of the fire extinguishing agent is determined, and based on the injection control parameters used to control the injection of the fire extinguishing agent, a spray control function Q(t) is constructed to dynamically control the injection flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent under the corresponding fire extinguishing mode until the injection is terminated when the target injection dose D is met.

[0006] As an optional solution of the present application, obtaining the temperature inside the prefabricated energy storage cabin and performing normalization processing includes: Temperature data is collected by temperature sensors installed in multiple areas inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin, and the maximum value is selected as the representative temperature. T max ; According to the preset reference temperature T ref and represents temperature T max , calculate the normalized temperature value T′ = T max / T ref .

[0007] As an optional solution of the present application, the smoke concentration inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin is obtained and normalized, including: The current smoke concentration value is obtained through the smoke sensor installed on the top of the energy storage prefabricated cabin S , combined with the reference value S ref , calculate the normalized concentration value S′ = S / S ref .

[0008] As an optional solution of the present application, determining the fire extinguishing mode according to the normalized temperature and the normalized smoke concentration includes: According to the normalized temperature value T′ and the normalized concentration value S′, the state vector F=[T′,S′] is constructed; The constructed state vector F is input into the preset classification rule model to determine the fire extinguishing mode and output the fire extinguishing mode label M, M∈{G,L,GL}; where: G represents the gas fire extinguishing mode, L represents the liquid fire extinguishing mode, and GL represents the combined fire extinguishing mode.

[0009] As an optional solution of the present application, the classification rule model is a segmentation determination model established based on a normalized threshold, and its determination rules include: If T′>α and S′≤β, select gas fire extinguishing mode (G); If T′≤γ and S′>β, select liquid fire extinguishing mode (L); If T′>α and S′>β, select the combined fire extinguishing mode (GL); When one of the above conditions is met, select the corresponding fire extinguishing mode; Where: G represents the gas fire extinguishing mode, L represents the liquid fire extinguishing mode, and GL represents the combined fire extinguishing mode; α is the upper threshold for temperature determination, and its value range is 0.75~0.9; β is the smoke concentration determination threshold, and its value range is 0.5~0.7; γ is the lower threshold for temperature determination, and its value range is 0.5~0.75, satisfying γ≤α.

[0010] As an optional solution of the present application, the target injection dose D of the fire extinguishing agent is determined according to the fire extinguishing mode label M as follows: If M=G, then D=C G ×V; If M=L, then D=C L ×V; If M=GL, then D=λ(C G +C L )V,λ∈(0,1); Among them, V is the volume of the energy storage prefabricated cabin, C G 、C L is the recommended dosage per unit volume of gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent, and λ is the correction factor for the combined fire extinguishing dosage.

[0011] As an optional solution of the present application, a spraying control function Q(t) in which the spray flow rate varies with time is constructed, including: After determining the fire extinguishing mode label M, the following injection control parameters are set according to the fire extinguishing mode: initial injection flow rate Q0 and injection flow rate attenuation coefficient k; According to the initial injection velocity Q0 and the injection velocity attenuation coefficient k, the injection control function Q(t) is constructed and the integral condition is satisfied: The injection control function Q(t) adopts an exponential decay control form, and the injection control function is: Q(t)=Q0×e -kt Where, e is a natural constant, t is the injection duration, T d is the actual injection end time.

[0012] As an optional solution of the present application, in different cases of the fire extinguishing mode label M∈{G, L, GL}, the injection control function is constructed as follows: When M=G or M=L, the injection control function of gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent is constructed as follows: Q(t)=Q0×e -kt Where Q0 is the initial jet velocity, k is the jet velocity attenuation coefficient; When M=GL, construct the injection control function Q of the gas extinguishing agent respectively G (t) and the injection control function Q of the liquid fire extinguishing agent L (t): , ; Among them, Q 0G and Q 0Lare the initial injection flow rates of gas extinguishing agent and liquid extinguishing agent respectively, k G and k L are the jet velocity attenuation coefficients corresponding to gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent respectively; And introduce the fire extinguishing efficiency weight coefficient η G and η L , construct the weighted total injection control function: Q total (t) = η G Q G (t)+η L Q L (t); The weighted total injection control function satisfies the total dose control constraint: ; Among them, η G ∈[0.4,0.8],η L ∈[0.8,1.2].

[0013] As an optional solution of the present application, the actual injection termination time T d At least one of the following conditions must be met: Reach target dose D; The real-time temperature T inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin drops to the safety temperature threshold T cutoff the following.

[0014] As an optional solution of this application, in different fire extinguishing modes, the fire extinguishing agent is specifically: The gas fire extinguishing agent used in the gas fire extinguishing mode is heptafluoropropane or IG541; The liquid fire extinguishing agent used in the liquid fire extinguishing mode is a water-based fire extinguishing agent or emulsion; In the combined fire extinguishing mode, gaseous fire extinguishing agents and liquid fire extinguishing agents are used simultaneously and are controlled through independent injection pipelines.

[0015] On the other hand, the present application provides a prefabricated energy storage cabin fire extinguishing device for implementing any of the solutions described in the first aspect above.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a fire extinguishing device for a prefabricated energy storage cabin and a method for controlling the injection flow rate of a fire extinguishing agent. The method starts with collecting the temperature and smoke concentration inside the prefabricated cabin, and sequentially completes the fire pattern recognition and injection behavior adjustment to construct a new means of fire extinguishing control. First, the present application normalizes the temperature and smoke concentration data inside the prefabricated energy storage cabin, converting the original measurement values ​​into dimensionless relative quantities, thereby reducing the deviation interference caused by different sensor layout positions or cabin structural heterogeneity. This normalization strategy not only improves data comparability, but also provides a unified input condition for subsequent judgment and control, enhancing the applicability and deployment flexibility of the method. Then, based on the processed normalized temperature and smoke concentration, the fire extinguishing mode corresponding to the current fire situation is determined. This method can better avoid the false alarms or missed judgments that may be caused by relying on a single threshold in traditional methods, and the identification of the fire extinguishing mode also provides a basis for subsequent parameter settings. After determining the fire extinguishing mode, this application determines the corresponding target extinguishing agent injection dose D based on the mode type. Based on the injection control parameters used to control the extinguishing agent injection, a control function Q(t) for the time-varying injection flow rate is constructed. This transforms the injection behavior from the previous fixed flow rate or start-stop control to a continuously adjustable, dynamically responsive process. This flow rate control method helps synchronize the extinguishing agent delivery rhythm with the changing fire situation, thereby improving fire extinguishing efficiency while reducing resource waste and structural thermal shock caused by redundant dosage. When the fire extinguishing system using extinguishing agent reaches the target value D, the injection process ends, thereby reducing the environmental and equipment stress caused by excessive release and alleviating the subsequent cleanup and recovery burden. This application achieves dynamic management of the entire extinguishing agent injection process through the close coordination of normalization processing, pattern recognition, and function control. This control method has a complete logical chain and a clear adjustment mechanism, providing a new control method for fire extinguishing implementation and helping to alleviate the response lag and extensive control issues of existing fire extinguishing systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling the injection flow rate of fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode according to one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts also fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling the injection flow rate of a fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode, the method comprising: Step S1: obtaining the temperature inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and performing normalization processing; Step S2: obtaining the smoke concentration inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and performing normalization processing; Step S3: determining a fire extinguishing mode according to the normalized temperature and the normalized smoke concentration; Step S4: Determine a target injection dose D of the fire extinguishing agent according to the fire extinguishing mode, and construct a spray control function Q(t) that shows the time-varying injection flow rate based on the injection control parameters used to control the injection of the fire extinguishing agent. This allows for dynamic regulation of the injection flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent under the corresponding fire extinguishing mode until the injection is terminated when the target injection dose D is met.

[0021] A key limitation of the current firefighting response process in prefabricated energy storage cabins is the lack of dynamic control capabilities to intelligently match injection parameters based on fire patterns, making it difficult to achieve coordinated flow rate regulation and dosage control. In practice, fires within cabins develop differently, requiring different firefighting strategies based on temperature rise and abnormal smoke concentrations. Using uniform injection parameters can lead to inefficient firefighting and improper resource utilization, limiting the firefighting system's ability to respond in complex environments.

[0022] This example aims to improve the response lag and low dosage control accuracy of fire extinguishing agent injection during fire extinguishing in prefabricated energy storage chambers. It proposes a fire extinguishing mode-based fire extinguishing agent injection velocity control method for prefabricated energy storage chambers. This method begins by collecting internal chamber temperature and smoke concentration data, then sequentially identifies fire patterns and adjusts injection behavior, creating a new fire extinguishing control method.

[0023] First, this example normalizes the temperature and smoke concentration data inside the prefabricated energy storage cabin, converting the raw measurements into dimensionless relative quantities. This reduces bias caused by varying sensor placement and cabin structural heterogeneity. This normalization strategy not only improves data comparability but also provides unified input conditions for subsequent judgment and control, enhancing the method's applicability and deployment flexibility.

[0024] Then, based on the processed normalized temperature and smoke concentration, the fire extinguishing mode corresponding to the current fire situation is determined. This method can better avoid the false alarms or missed judgments that may be caused by relying on a single threshold in traditional methods. In addition, the identification of the fire extinguishing mode also provides a basis for subsequent parameter setting.

[0025] After determining the fire extinguishing mode, this embodiment determines the corresponding target extinguishing agent injection dose D based on the mode type. Based on the injection control parameters used to control the extinguishing agent injection, a control function Q(t) for the injection flow rate over time is constructed. This transforms the injection behavior from the previous fixed flow rate or start-stop control to a continuously adjustable and dynamically responsive process. This flow rate control method helps synchronize the extinguishing agent delivery rhythm with changes in the fire situation, thereby improving fire extinguishing efficiency while reducing resource waste and structural thermal shock caused by redundant dosage.

[0026] When the fire extinguishing system using fire extinguishing agent operates until the total amount of fire extinguishing agent sprayed reaches the target value D, the spraying process ends, thereby reducing the environmental and equipment pressure caused by excessive release and alleviating the subsequent cleanup and recovery burden.

[0027] In summary, this embodiment achieves dynamic management of the entire fire extinguishing agent injection process through the close coordination of normalization processing, pattern recognition, and function control. This control method, with its complete logical chain and clear regulation mechanism, provides a new control method for fire suppression, helping to alleviate the sluggish response and crude control issues of existing fire extinguishing systems.

[0028] It should be noted that in this application, the term "injection flow rate" refers to the flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent injected per unit time. This can be either the mass or volume of the fluid per unit time, and can be expressed in kg / s, L / min, or m³ / s, depending on the type of fire extinguishing agent used (gas or liquid). This term is used to dynamically reflect the dosage trend during the injection process. For liquid fire extinguishing agents, the injection flow rate in this application represents the mass of the liquid fire extinguishing agent injected per unit time; for gas fire extinguishing agents, the injection flow rate in this application represents the volume of the gas fire extinguishing agent injected per unit time. In this application, the integral of the injection control function Q(t) and the injection duration can be used to determine when fire extinguishing is terminated.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S1, the temperature inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin is obtained and normalized, including: Step S11: collect temperature data through temperature sensors installed in multiple areas inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin, and select the maximum value as the representative temperature. T max ; Step S12: According to the preset reference temperature T refand represents temperature T max , calculate the normalized temperature value T′ = T max / T ref .

[0030] This embodiment further provides a specific method for temperature normalization. This embodiment sets multiple temperature sensors at different locations in the energy storage prefabricated cabin to collect temperature information of each area, collects the temperature information, and selects the maximum value as the representative temperature. T max This approach can, to a certain extent, mitigate the problem of low representativeness caused by areas not affected by the fire. This approach can improve the sensitivity of responses to areas of localized abnormal temperature rise, making it easier to focus firefighting control on high-risk areas, thereby accelerating fire response timelines. Compared to traditional methods that rely on single-point monitoring or global average temperature as a basis for judgment, this approach, which relies on maximum temperature values ​​as a representative indicator, better reflects the typical tendency of thermal runaway in prefabricated energy storage compartments to occur locally and suddenly.

[0031] In addition, combined with the preset reference temperature T ref , using the representative temperature T max The dimensionless normalized temperature value T′ is constructed, providing a unified data foundation for subsequent fusion of multiple parameters for pattern recognition. This normalized calculation method improves the adaptability of the judgment model to different hardware platforms or cabin configurations, facilitating the promotion and deployment of the method in various practical scenarios.

[0032] By introducing the above-mentioned temperature normalization processing method, this embodiment can improve the sensitivity of extreme temperature rise event identification while enhancing the accuracy of reflecting the actual fire situation, which helps to provide a more reliable temperature parameter basis for the correct identification of subsequent fire extinguishing modes and the selection of injection strategies.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S2, the smoke concentration inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin is obtained and normalized, including: The current smoke concentration value is obtained through the smoke sensor installed on the top of the energy storage prefabricated cabin S , combined with the reference value S ref , calculate the normalized concentration value S′ = S / S ref .

[0034] On the basis of the above embodiment, this embodiment further refines the collection method and normalization process of the smoke concentration inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin. This embodiment collects the current smoke concentration value by setting a smoke sensor on the top of the cabin body of the energy storage prefabricated cabin. S , and combined with the preset reference concentration value S ref , the original data is standardized and the normalized concentration value S′ is constructed to provide a unified measurement basis in the subsequent judgment process.

[0035] The top of the cabin serves as the smoke sensor's placement point, providing a certain degree of priority response, allowing for rapid detection of rising high-temperature smoke. Furthermore, the normalized S' parameter can be combined with the normalized temperature value T' in the same dimension, facilitating subsequent pattern recognition and strategy allocation under a unified standard.

[0036] Represents temperature T max With reference concentration value S ref The settings can be appropriately adjusted according to the volume, usage environment or design specifications of the specific energy storage prefabricated cabin, which facilitates the actual deployment under different working conditions and reserves adaptation space for the versatility of the system.

[0037] Furthermore, in step S3, the fire extinguishing mode is determined according to the normalized temperature and the normalized smoke concentration, including: Step S31, constructing a state vector F=[T′, S′] according to the normalized temperature value T′ and the normalized concentration value S′; In step S32, the constructed state vector F is input into the preset classification rule model to determine the fire extinguishing mode and output the fire extinguishing mode label M, M∈{G,L,GL}; wherein: G represents the gas fire extinguishing mode, L represents the liquid fire extinguishing mode, and GL represents the combined fire extinguishing mode.

[0038] This embodiment combines the normalized temperature value T' and the normalized smoke concentration value S' to form a two-dimensional state vector F = [T', S']. This state vector is then processed within a pre-defined classification rule model to output a fire extinguishing mode label M∈{G,L,GL}. This processing mechanism demonstrates high applicability and engineering efficiency in identifying fire patterns, avoiding potential biases caused by single-metric judgments and improving comprehensive identification of complex fire conditions. The output utilizes a discrete fire extinguishing mode label M, facilitating the use of explicit parameters as trigger conditions in subsequent steps such as injection dose calculation and control strategy selection, simplifying the logical flow of the entire control chain. This approach not only improves the standardization of system responses but also reduces the decision-making burden of the control algorithm during runtime. Overall, by integrating and classifying key state parameters, this embodiment helps improve the targeted and real-time nature of fire extinguishing strategy matching, making it particularly suitable for scenarios such as energy storage prefabricated cabins, where speed and accuracy in fire response are paramount.

[0039] Furthermore, in step S32, the classification rule model is a segmentation determination model established based on a normalized threshold, and its determination rules include: If T′>α and S′≤β, select gas fire extinguishing mode (G); If T′≤γ and S′>β, select liquid fire extinguishing mode (L); If T′>α and S′>β, select the combined fire extinguishing mode (GL); When one of the above conditions is met, select the corresponding fire extinguishing mode; Where: G represents the gas fire extinguishing mode, L represents the liquid fire extinguishing mode, and GL represents the combined fire extinguishing mode; α is the upper threshold for temperature determination, and its value range is 0.75~0.9; β is the smoke concentration determination threshold, and its value range is 0.5~0.7; γ is the lower threshold for temperature determination, and its value range is 0.5~0.75, satisfying γ≤α.

[0040] This embodiment further improves the fire extinguishing mode recognition method by introducing a segmented judgment model based on normalized thresholds, enhancing the controllability of fire extinguishing control strategies in practical applications. By setting normalized judgment thresholds (α, β, and γ) for temperature and smoke concentration, this embodiment divides the continuous parameter space into different judgment intervals. Compared to black-box models such as deep learning, this segmented recognition method based on explicit conditions is not only more interpretable but also facilitates rapid correction and logical tracking by engineers when field conditions change or parameters are adjusted.

[0041] Specifically, the judgment model sets α∈[0.75,0.9] as the upper temperature trigger limit, β∈[0.5,0.7] as the smoke concentration threshold, and γ∈[0.5,0.75] (satisfying γ≤α) as the lower temperature limit. This helps establish a stable logical boundary and reduces the problem of frequent mode switching under critical conditions. Under different fire conditions, the fire extinguishing mode labels G, L, and GL output by the model have a clear correspondence, providing input for subsequent injection dose calculation and control parameter configuration.

[0042] Overall, this embodiment adopts a segmented judgment model based on a normalized threshold in the classification rule model, which helps to improve the recognition accuracy and robustness of the system while ensuring the response speed. It is suitable for energy storage cabin control systems that require fast and high-precision fire recognition.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S4, the target injection dose D of the fire extinguishing agent is determined according to the fire extinguishing mode label M as follows: If M=G, then D=C G ×V; If M=L, then D=C L ×V; If M=GL, then D=λ(C G +C L )V,λ∈(0,1); Among them, V is the volume of the energy storage prefabricated cabin, C G 、C L is the recommended dosage per unit volume of gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent, and λ is the correction factor for the combined fire extinguishing dosage.

[0044] This embodiment introduces a control strategy based on the fire extinguishing mode label M to determine the target injection dose D, so that the use of fire extinguishing agent can achieve a more balanced coordination between response accuracy and resource utilization. In terms of design ideas, according to the fire identification results, the fire conditions in the energy storage prefabricated cabin are divided into three situations: gas fire extinguishing mode (G), liquid fire extinguishing mode (L) and combined fire extinguishing mode (GL), and different dosage calculation methods are set for each. In G mode and L mode, the injection dose D is calculated according to C G ×V and C L ×V for linear calculation, where C G and C L are the recommended unit volume dosages of gaseous and liquid fire extinguishing agents, respectively. V is the volume of the prefabricated energy storage chamber. This approach can better match the basic fire extinguishing needs and control the dosage level. In the GL mode, a correction factor λ (with a value between 0 and 1) is further introduced. Optionally, the value range of λ is 0.5-0.8. The injection dosage D is calculated according to D=λ(C G +CL )V calculation helps to prevent excessive dosage during combined injection, thereby reducing engineering risks such as overpressure and residue accumulation in the cabin.

[0045] The approach described in this embodiment not only takes into account the differences in the fire extinguishing principles and modes of action of different media, but also incorporates the compatibility requirements of response speed and injection intensity in actual system operation, avoiding the resource waste or control imbalance caused by a one-size-fits-all dosage setting. Because the injection dose D is a prerequisite for constructing the injection flow rate control function Q(t), the dosage setting strategy adopted in this embodiment also provides clear and stable boundary inputs for the subsequent injection control process, further improving the system's overall responsiveness and operational reliability.

[0046] In the combined fire extinguishing mode (GL), in order to reasonably control the combined dosage of gas and liquid fire extinguishing agents and avoid the problem of excessive release caused by direct superposition, this embodiment introduces a dosage correction factor λ to the formula D=λ(C G +C L )V is adjusted, and the value of λ is preferably set between 0 and 1, which can be adjusted according to the engineering parameters of the energy storage prefabricated cabin and the fire extinguishing needs. Specifically, λ can be set in combination with the following factors: First, the internal volume of the prefabricated cabin and the degree of structural airtightness. The smaller the volume or the stronger the sealing, the lower the value of λ should be to avoid excessive accumulation of fire extinguishing agent and abnormal internal pressure; second, when there is a ventilation or pressure relief channel in the cabin, the λ value can be appropriately increased to speed up the coverage speed of the fire extinguishing agent concentration; third, the actual spray test data of separate gas fire extinguishing and liquid fire extinguishing can be referred to, combined with the total dose change trend during combined spraying, to make an empirical correction to λ. In addition, in the absence of empirical data, an intermediate value of λ=0.5~0.8 can be used as the initial setting, and then optimized and corrected through fire drills or monitoring data.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S4, a spraying control function Q(t) of the spraying flow rate varying with time is constructed, including: Step S41, after determining the fire extinguishing mode label M, set the following injection control parameters according to the fire extinguishing mode: initial injection flow rate Q0 and injection flow rate attenuation coefficient k; Step S42: construct an injection control function Q(t) based on the initial injection flow rate Q0 and the injection flow rate attenuation coefficient k, and satisfy the integral condition: ; The injection control function Q(t) adopts the exponential decay control form, and the injection control function is: Q(t)=Q0×e -kt Where, e is a natural constant, t is the injection duration, T d is the actual injection end time.

[0048] This embodiment proposes to construct a control function Q(t) = Q0 × e by setting the initial injection flow rate Q0 and the injection flow rate attenuation coefficient k. -kt , and introduce the integral condition ; To determine the actual injection end time T d . Based on the established injection dose D, this control strategy introduces a dynamic relationship between the time variable and the injection control function, so that the fire extinguishing process is transformed from static quantitative control to dynamic regulation. The characteristic of this exponential attenuation function is that it has a high flow rate in the initial stage, which is conducive to the rapid release of fire extinguishing agent to form coverage and effectively suppress the spread of fire; then the flow rate naturally slows down, gradually weakening the impact intensity on the equipment inside the cabin, and also reducing the additional consumption of resources. Through the integral constraint method, the cumulative flow rate of the entire injection process is relatively consistent with the target injection dose, which is conducive to improving the rationality and accuracy of the use of fire extinguishing agent. Compared with the traditional constant-speed injection or segmented control method, this method can achieve flexible control of the injection process by adjusting two core parameters without increasing the complexity of the system, thereby improving the response and adaptability to the fire evolution process. In addition, by setting the initial injection flow rate Q0 and the injection flow rate attenuation coefficient k, the control parameters can be flexibly configured, reducing the dependence on the algorithm accuracy, and providing higher stability and operational convenience for implementation in actual engineering. Overall, this function modeling method improves the continuity of fire extinguishing flow rate regulation, strengthens the control system's adaptability to changes in actual working conditions, and helps reduce the additional load of fire extinguishing behavior on the internal components of the energy storage cabin.

[0049] The jet velocity attenuation coefficient k controls the rate of decrease of the extinguishing agent jet velocity. Its value range is adjusted according to the storage tank capacity, the type of extinguishing agent, and the expected fire extinguishing time. A too small k value will result in a slow fire extinguishing response, while a too large k value will easily lead to insufficient fire extinguishing or waste of resources. In practice, k is generally set between 0.01 and 0.2 seconds. -1 Good control effect can be achieved within the range.

[0050] Furthermore, in different cases of fire extinguishing mode labels M∈{G, L, GL}, the injection control function is constructed as follows: When M=G or M=L, the injection control function of gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent is constructed as follows: Q(t)=Q0×e -kt Where Q0 is the initial jet velocity, k is the jet velocity attenuation coefficient; When the fire extinguishing mode is gas fire extinguishing (G), the jet velocity attenuation coefficient k is preferably in the range of 0.05~0.15s -1 ; When the fire extinguishing mode is liquid fire extinguishing (L), the jet flow rate attenuation coefficient k ranges from 0.02 to 0.1s-1 ; When M=GL, construct the injection control function Q of the gas extinguishing agent respectively G (t) and the injection control function Q of the liquid fire extinguishing agent L (t): , ; Among them, Q 0G and Q 0L are the initial injection flow rates of gas extinguishing agent and liquid extinguishing agent respectively, k G and k L are the jet velocity attenuation coefficients corresponding to gas fire extinguishing agents and liquid fire extinguishing agents respectively; when the fire extinguishing mode is combined fire extinguishing (GL), the jet velocity attenuation coefficients k corresponding to gas fire extinguishing agents and liquid fire extinguishing agents are set respectively G With k L , k G With k L The value range of is preferably 0.05~0.15s -1 and 0.02~0.1s -1 ; And introduce the fire extinguishing efficiency weight coefficient η G and η L , construct the weighted total injection control function: Q total (t) = η G Q G (t)+η L Q L (t); in, , ;Q 0G and Q 0L are the initial injection flow rates of gas extinguishing agent and liquid extinguishing agent respectively, k G and k L are the jet velocity attenuation coefficients corresponding to gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent respectively; The weighted total injection control function satisfies the total dose control constraint: ; Among them, η G ∈[0.4,0.8],η L ∈[0.8,1.2].

[0051] This embodiment builds on the exponentially decaying injection control function by further incorporating the fire extinguishing mode label M∈{G,L,GL} to set corresponding initial injection velocity Q0 and injection velocity decay coefficient k for different fire scenarios, thereby constructing a differentiated injection control strategy. By mapping injection parameters to mode labels, different fire types can achieve injection processes that better meet actual needs, making the response logic clearer and the control strategy more flexible.

[0052] Specifically, the injection control function construction method proposed in the above embodiment designs injection control functions for flow rate control for different fire extinguishing modes (gas fire extinguishing mode, liquid fire extinguishing mode and combined fire extinguishing mode), and introduces a weight adjustment mechanism in the combined fire extinguishing situation to make the fire extinguishing behavior more refined and adapt to the differences in actual fire conditions. From a technical perspective, the injection control function Q(t)=Q0×e -kt This exponential decay function has the characteristics of rapid release in the early stage and gradual weakening in the later stage. It is suitable for the dynamic demand of quickly suppressing the fire in the early stage of fire extinguishing and then maintaining the fire suppression situation. When the fire extinguishing mode is gas fire extinguishing (G), a higher decay coefficient k (preferably 0.05~0.15s -1 ), which can make the extinguishing agent be released quickly in the early stage to fill the space, helping to quickly isolate oxygen and inhibit the spread of thermal runaway; in the liquid fire extinguishing mode (L), a slightly lower k value (preferably 0.02~0.1s -1 ) can prolong the action time of the fire extinguishing agent in the target area, facilitate cooling and covering to form a protective film, and is suitable for situations where the surface temperature is relatively low but the fire source remains.

[0053] For the combined fire extinguishing mode (GL), the injection control function Q of the gas extinguishing agent is constructed separately. G (t) and the injection control function Q of the liquid fire extinguishing agent L (t), and introduce the fire extinguishing efficiency weight coefficient η G and η L , constructing a weighted total injection control function so that the release rhythms of the two types of media on the time axis do not interfere with each other. This design can avoid resource waste or control disorder caused by a unified control strategy. At the same time, introducing η G and η L These two fire extinguishing efficiency weight coefficients are used to construct the weighted control function Q total (t), making the control logic more flexible. G and η LBy adjusting the relative contribution ratio of gaseous and liquid extinguishing agents between [0.4, 0.8] and [0.8, 1.2], the system can adapt its strategy to different complex fire conditions (such as those with simultaneous heat diffusion and short-circuit ignition), improving firefighting effectiveness. The integral constraint constructed by the weighted total injection control function further ensures the convergence of the overall dose control. This ensures that the target total extinguishing agent volume D is consistently achieved even under dynamic flow rate conditions, avoiding dose drift caused by cross-interference between the two media types.

[0054] Furthermore, the actual injection end time T d At least one of the following conditions must be met: Reach target dose D; The real-time temperature T inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin drops to the safety temperature threshold T cutoff the following.

[0055] This embodiment introduces two independent spray termination conditions, namely, when the total amount of extinguishing agent sprayed reaches the target dose D, or when the real-time temperature T in the cabin drops to the set safety temperature threshold T cutoff The spraying process ends when the following conditions occur, enhancing the strategic flexibility and environmental adaptability of fire extinguishing control. The dosage-based termination logic quantitatively controls the spraying process around pre-set dosage parameters, stabilizing fire extinguishing effectiveness and ensuring the optimal use of extinguishing agent, thereby reducing resource waste. The temperature threshold condition, on the other hand, incorporates real-time awareness of fire dynamics, enabling premature termination of spraying when the fire intensity has significantly weakened and the temperature rise has been effectively contained. This reduces the potential impact of residual extinguishing agent on equipment operation and the cabin environment. This feedback control mechanism, which relies on no single judgment dimension, helps mitigate response delays caused by sensor anomalies, dosage calculation errors, or unusual fire intensity fluctuations. The combined effect of these two termination conditions effectively balances "on-demand spraying" with "state awareness," improving emergency control accuracy while mitigating operational risks in extreme situations. This further enhances the intelligence and field adaptability of the prefabricated cabin fire extinguishing system.

[0056] Based on the above embodiment, a "joint termination" judgment mechanism can be further introduced, that is, "reaching the target dose D" and "real-time temperature T drops to the safe temperature threshold T cutoffThe following are compound trigger conditions that must be met simultaneously to construct a more robust injection termination strategy. In this mode, the system terminates fire extinguishing agent injection only when the injection dosage reaches the specified target and the cabin temperature has dropped to a safe range. Compared to methods where either condition is triggered individually, this dual constraint mechanism emphasizes the dual confirmation of the adequacy of the fire extinguishing effect and the degree of fire mitigation, helping to further reduce control deviations caused by incomplete fire extinguishing due to premature termination or misjudgment of temperature changes. In practical applications, this strategy is particularly suitable for energy storage scenarios that are sensitive to the risk of late re-ignition or have high requirements for residual heat release. It can enhance the stability of the fire extinguishing control process and the reliability of the completion criteria, providing more secure and redundant logical support for system operation.

[0057] Furthermore, in different fire extinguishing modes, the fire extinguishing agents are specifically: The gas fire extinguishing agent used in the gas fire extinguishing mode is heptafluoropropane or IG541; The liquid fire extinguishing agent used in the liquid fire extinguishing mode is a water-based fire extinguishing agent or emulsion; In the combined fire extinguishing mode, gaseous fire extinguishing agents and liquid fire extinguishing agents are used simultaneously and are controlled through independent injection pipelines.

[0058] In some embodiments, the emulsion used preferably exhibits high cooling and electrical safety properties, including but not limited to aqueous film-forming foam emulsions, K-type emulsion fire extinguishing agents, water-based flame suppressants, or other aqueous emulsion fire extinguishing media with fire extinguishing, cooling, and thermal insulation capabilities. IG541, a gaseous fire extinguishing agent, is an inert gas fire extinguishing agent primarily composed of a specific mixture of nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), and carbon dioxide (CO2) and contains no halogenated hydrocarbons. This type of fire extinguishing agent is non-conductive and non-corrosive, and does not produce toxic decomposition products during the fire extinguishing process. It is suitable for use in high-voltage electrical environments or within prefabricated energy storage chambers housing electronic equipment. Its fire extinguishing mechanism primarily reduces oxygen concentration and absorbs heat through dilution, rapidly suppressing the combustion reaction at the source of the fire. It is particularly suitable for use in the early warning phase of thermal runaway, where high temperatures are present but no open flames are present. It provides relatively gentle and efficient fire extinguishing without damaging equipment.

[0059] This embodiment uses specific types of fire extinguishing agents according to different fire extinguishing modes, which can improve the adaptability when dealing with various fire situations in the energy storage prefabricated cabin. Specifically, in the gas fire extinguishing mode, a fire extinguishing agent with inert properties such as HFC-227ea or IG541 is selected, which can quickly cover the fire source area under non-conductive and non-corrosive conditions. It is suitable for early thermal runaway situations where the temperature rise is mainly sudden but the smoke is not obvious. In the liquid fire extinguishing mode, a liquid fire extinguishing medium with strong cooling capacity such as a water-based fire extinguishing agent or an emulsion is configured to help quickly reduce local high temperatures and achieve effective coverage of the burning surface. It is more suitable for scenarios where the smoke concentration is high and the temperature rise is limited due to electrical insulation failure or local short circuit. For the combined fire extinguishing mode, by using gas, liquid and liquid fire extinguishing agents at the same time and setting up independent injection pipelines for control, it takes into account multiple effects such as cooling, isolating oxygen and diluting smoke, and is suitable for situations where the fire development stage is complex and the causes are superimposed. Targeted matching of different types of extinguishing media with fire identification results, while simultaneously controlling them through split-path injection, can improve the relevance and efficiency of firefighting responses. Furthermore, the synergistic use of gaseous and liquid extinguishing agents can complement each other in thermal control and electrical insulation, further enhancing equipment protection during firefighting and providing a more robust response for high-energy storage devices.

[0060] The present application also provides a prefabricated energy storage cabin fire extinguishing device for executing the solution of any of the above-mentioned method embodiments. The specific principles, implementation process and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0061] In one implementation, the energy storage prefabricated cabin fire extinguishing device may include a memory and a processor, the memory storing computer-executable instructions; the processor executing the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor executes the solution of any of the above method embodiments.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the injection flow rate of fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode, characterized in that: include: Obtain the temperature inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and perform normalization processing; Obtain the smoke concentration inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and perform normalization processing; Determine the fire extinguishing mode according to the normalized temperature and the normalized smoke density; According to the fire extinguishing mode, a target injection dose D of the fire extinguishing agent is determined, and based on the injection control parameters used to control the injection of the fire extinguishing agent, a spray control function Q(t) is constructed to dynamically control the injection flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent under the corresponding fire extinguishing mode until the injection is terminated when the target injection dose D is met.

2. The method for controlling the injection flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent of the prefabricated energy storage cabin based on the fire extinguishing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Obtain the temperature inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and perform normalization processing, including: Temperature data is collected by temperature sensors installed in multiple areas inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin, and the maximum value is selected as the representative temperature. T max ; According to the preset reference temperature T ref and represents temperature T max , calculate the normalized temperature value T′ = T max / T ref .

3. The method for controlling the injection flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent of the energy storage prefabricated cabin based on the fire extinguishing mode according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Obtain the smoke concentration inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin and perform normalization processing, including: The current smoke concentration value is obtained through the smoke sensor installed on the top of the energy storage prefabricated cabin S , combined with the reference value S ref , calculate the normalized concentration value S′ = S / S ref .

4. The method for controlling the injection velocity of fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fire extinguishing mode is determined based on the normalized temperature and normalized smoke density, including: According to the normalized temperature value T′ and the normalized concentration value S′, the state vector F=[T′,S′] is constructed; The constructed state vector F is input into the preset classification rule model to determine the fire extinguishing mode and output the fire extinguishing mode label M, M∈{G,L,GL}; where: G represents the gas fire extinguishing mode, L represents the liquid fire extinguishing mode, and GL represents the combined fire extinguishing mode.

5. The method for controlling the injection flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent of the prefabricated energy storage cabin based on the fire extinguishing mode according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The classification rule model is a segmentation determination model established based on a normalized threshold, and its determination rules include: If T′>α and S′≤β, select gas fire extinguishing mode (G); If T′≤γ and S′>β, select liquid fire extinguishing mode (L); If T′>α and S′>β, select the combined fire extinguishing mode (GL); When one of the above conditions is met, select the corresponding fire extinguishing mode; Where: G represents the gas fire extinguishing mode, L represents the liquid fire extinguishing mode, and GL represents the combined fire extinguishing mode; α is the upper threshold for temperature determination, and its value range is 0.75~0.9; β is the smoke concentration determination threshold, and its value range is 0.5~0.7; γ is the lower threshold for temperature determination, and its value range is 0.5~0.75, satisfying γ≤α.

6. The method for controlling the injection velocity of fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The target injection dose D of the fire extinguishing agent is determined according to the fire extinguishing mode label M as follows: If M=G, then D=C G ×V; If M=L, then D=C L ×V; If M=GL, then D=λ(C G +C L )V,λ∈(0,1); Among them, V is the volume of the energy storage prefabricated cabin, C G 、C L is the recommended dosage per unit volume of gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent, and λ is the correction factor for the combined fire extinguishing dosage.

7. The method for controlling the injection velocity of fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Construct the spraying control function Q(t) of the injection flow rate changing with time, including: After determining the fire extinguishing mode label M, the following injection control parameters are set according to the fire extinguishing mode: initial injection flow rate Q0 and injection flow rate attenuation coefficient k; According to the initial injection velocity Q0 and the injection velocity attenuation coefficient k, the injection control function Q(t) is constructed and meets the integral condition: The injection control function Q(t) adopts an exponential decay control form, and the injection control function is: Q(t)=Q0×e -kt Where, e is the natural constant, t is the injection duration, T d is the actual injection end time.

8. The method for controlling the injection velocity of fire extinguishing agent of a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In different cases of fire extinguishing mode labels M∈{G, L, GL}, the injection control function is constructed as follows: When M=G or M=L, the injection control function of gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent is constructed as follows: Q(t)=Q0×e -kt Where Q0 is the initial jet velocity, k is the jet velocity attenuation coefficient; When M=GL, construct the injection control function Q of the gas extinguishing agent respectively G (t) and the injection control function Q of the liquid fire extinguishing agent L (t): ， ； Among them, Q 0G and Q 0L are the initial injection flow rates of gas extinguishing agent and liquid extinguishing agent, respectively, k G and k L are the jet velocity attenuation coefficients corresponding to gas fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent respectively; And introduce the fire extinguishing efficiency weight coefficient η G and η L , construct the weighted total injection control function: Q total (t)=η G Q G (t)+η L Q L (t); The weighted total injection control function satisfies the total dose control constraint: ； Among them, h G ∈[0.4,0.8], the L ∈[0.8,1.2].

9. The method for controlling the injection velocity of fire extinguishing agent in a prefabricated energy storage cabin based on a fire extinguishing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Actual injection end time T d At least one of the following conditions must be met: Reach target dose D; The real-time temperature T inside the energy storage prefabricated cabin drops to the safety temperature threshold T cutoff the following.

10. A fire extinguishing device for a prefabricated energy storage cabin, characterized in that: Used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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