A wellhead intelligent control system

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of automated oil and gas extraction technology, specifically relating to an intelligent wellhead control system, comprising: a hydraulic power unit, a control execution unit, and a signal transmission unit. The hydraulic power unit includes an electric hydraulic pump set, a manual pump, a hydraulic oil tank, and an accumulator. A first safety valve is connected to a four-way oil and gas pipeline, and the first safety valve is connected to a second four-way oil and gas pipeline. One branch of the second four-way oil and gas pipeline is sequentially connected to a second safety valve, a first throttle valve, and a first oil and gas manifold; the other branch of the second four-way oil and gas pipeline is connected to a second throttle valve and a second oil and gas manifold. The control execution unit includes a local explosion-proof electrical control box, a local operation panel, and a portable safety case. The signal transmission unit includes a flow signal sensor, a pressure sensor, a cable, and a wireless transmission module. This invention features high integration and improves operational continuity and fault tolerance through automatic pressure maintenance, signal feedback, and redundant control mechanisms.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation automation, and particularly relates to a wellhead intelligent control system suitable for in-situ or remote automatic control of a ground wellhead hydraulic valve during fracturing, acidification and other oilfield operation processes. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the ground production operation of an oil and gas field, wellhead equipment (mainly including gate valves, throttle valves and the like) is a key device for controlling the entry of formation fluid (oil, gas and water) into a ground system, and reliable, safe and efficient operation of the wellhead equipment is of great significance for ensuring well control safety and improving operation efficiency. However, in the current fracturing, acidification, production and test production and other field operations of most oil and gas fields, manual or semi-automatic control means are still widely used for on-off control of wellhead valves, and the following technical and practical application defects exist:

[0003] 1. The traditional system relies on manual control, and has low safety and response efficiency;

[0004] 2. Although some equipment has electric control function, it lacks stable and reliable remote control means, resulting in the need for close operation in the event of an accident, which is relatively dangerous; at the same time, due to the need for long-term operation of the equipment in high-temperature, low-temperature, dusty or flammable environments, it is difficult to operate stably for a long time.

[0005] 3. The current wellhead control system has dispersed deployment of hydraulic control, electrical system and data feedback modules, which is not convenient for unified and centralized management. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to solve the problem of higher requirements for the intelligence, reliability, real-time performance and anti-adverse environment capability of the system in the current oilfield fracturing and acidification and other special operation scenarios. The present application provides a wellhead intelligent control system, which is mainly used for a sulfur-containing oil (gas) wellhead, can be used as a production wellhead, and can also be used as a fracturing wellhead during fracturing and acidification. The wellhead intelligent control system integrates hydraulic, electric control, wireless remote control and state display functions, can realize in-situ control and remote control of a wellhead hydraulic valve, effectively improves operation safety, efficiency and automation level, and is particularly suitable for oilfield harsh operation environment and multi-station collaborative control scenarios.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical scheme: a wellhead intelligent control system, comprising: a hydraulic power unit, a control execution unit, a signal transmission unit,

[0008] The hydraulic power unit comprises an electric hydraulic pump group, a manual pump, a hydraulic oil tank, an accumulator, a first safety valve, a second safety valve, a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve, the first safety valve, the second safety valve, the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve are liquid-controlled, and are respectively provided with a hydraulic valve, the hydraulic valves are respectively controlled by three-position four-way electromagnetic valves, and each three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is connected with an on-site explosion-proof electric control box; an oil and gas well head is connected with a first oil and gas pipe four-way joint through a plurality of groups of casing heads, the oil and gas pipe four-way joint is connected with the first safety valve, the first safety valve is connected with a second oil and gas pipe four-way joint, one branch pipe of the second oil and gas pipe four-way joint is sequentially connected with the second safety valve, the first throttle valve and a first oil and gas pipe manifold, and another branch pipe of the second oil and gas pipe four-way joint is connected with the second throttle valve and a second oil and gas pipe manifold, the first oil and gas pipe manifold and the second oil and gas pipe manifold are post-processing pipelines and comprise gas-liquid separation and drying function modules,

[0009] The control execution unit comprises an on-site explosion-proof electric control box, an on-site operation panel and a portable safety box, the on-site explosion-proof electric control box is integrated with a PLC controller, an air switch, an indicator lamp and a wiring terminal, and automatically controls the hydraulic power unit; the on-site operation panel controls the three-position four-way electromagnetic valves, so as to control the first safety valve, the second safety valve, the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve through the hydraulic valves; the portable safety box comprises a remote operation panel and a remote control remote controller, and the portable safety box receives signals through a wireless transmission module and remotely controls the three-position four-way electromagnetic valves,

[0010] The signal transmission unit comprises a flow signal sensor, a pressure sensor, a cable and a wireless transmission module, the flow signal sensor and the pressure sensor are connected with the electric control box, and feed back oil and gas flow and pressure to the control execution unit, so as to facilitate fine adjustment of the opening degrees of the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve; the cable connects the on-site explosion-proof electric control box, the on-site operation panel and the three-position four-way electromagnetic valves, and the wireless transmission module comprises a wireless receiving module and a wireless sending module, the remote operation panel of the portable safety box receives signals of the flow signal sensor and the pressure sensor through the wireless receiving module, and the remote control remote controller controls each three-position four-way electromagnetic valve through the wireless sending module.

[0011] According to another embodiment of the application or any of the foregoing embodiments, the control system further comprises a frame-type pry body, and the pry body is provided with the hydraulic power unit, the pry body is made of carbon steel, and the time for transferring a scene is saved.

[0012] According to another embodiment of the application or any of the foregoing embodiments, the electric hydraulic pump group is connected with the hydraulic oil tank and the accumulator, and the start and stop of the electric pump are controlled through an adjustable pressure switch, the electric pump is started at low pressure and stopped at high pressure, and the hydraulic pressure of the system is ensured to be maintained within a set working pressure range.

[0013] According to another embodiment of the invention or any of the foregoing embodiments of the control system, the hydraulic valve is a hydraulic gate valve, and each hydraulic gate valve is equipped with a manual pump for emergency operation of the hydraulic gate valve in case of power failure or circuit failure, controlling the opening and closing and opening degree of the first safety valve, the second safety valve, the first throttle valve, and the second throttle valve; the hydraulic gate valve switching pipeline adopts a foolproof design.

[0014] According to another embodiment of the invention or any of the foregoing embodiments, the control system is provided with an indicator light on the remote operation panel, which receives signals from the pressure sensor via a wireless receiving module and displays the on / off status of the hydraulic valve via the indicator light.

[0015] According to another embodiment of the invention or any of the foregoing embodiments of the control system, the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic control valve is equipped with a pressure transmitter to determine the valve position switch by the pressure values ​​of chamber A and chamber B.

[0016] According to another embodiment of the invention or any of the foregoing embodiments, the control system wherein the hydraulic power unit is equipped with a safety relief valve to prevent system overpressure.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] 1. This invention discloses an intelligent wellhead control system with high integration, combining hydraulic, electrical control, remote control, and data feedback systems into one unit, reducing on-site deployment workload. Used for fracturing and acidizing operations at surface wellheads, this control system enables local manual button control and remote wireless control of the opening and closing of hydraulically controlled gate valves and hydraulically operated throttle valves in the wellhead. The system adopts a skid-mounted frame structure, integrating an electric hydraulic pump, accumulator, electrical control box, hydraulic hose reel (including hydraulic hoses), cable reel, PLC control system, wireless control system, and other hydraulic components all within the skid. The entire control system is easy to operate and has stable and reliable performance.

[0019] 2. This invention adopts a dual control mode, supporting local electrical control and remote wireless control, improving the system's flexibility and emergency response capability; through automatic pressure maintenance, signal feedback, and redundant control mechanisms, it improves operational continuity and fault tolerance.

[0020] 3. This invention has strong safety features, is equipped with an energy storage device and pressure protection device, and has an electrical explosion-proof design, making it suitable for hazardous oilfield environments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the hydraulic power unit and the local explosion-proof electrical control box described in this invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional connection diagram of the hydraulic power unit described in this invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent wellhead control system described in this invention.

[0024] In the diagram, 1 is the oil and gas wellhead; 2 is the casing head; 3 is the first oil and gas pipeline cross; 4 is the first safety valve; 5 is the second safety valve; 6 is the first throttle valve; 7 is the second throttle valve; 8 is the second oil and gas pipeline cross; and 9 is the local explosion-proof electrical control box. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, an intelligent wellhead control system includes a hydraulic power unit, a control execution unit, and a signal transmission unit.

[0027] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the hydraulic power unit includes an electric hydraulic pump set, a manual pump, a hydraulic oil tank, an accumulator, a first safety valve 4, a second safety valve 5, a first throttle valve 6, and a second throttle valve 7. The electric hydraulic pump set is connected to the hydraulic oil tank and the accumulator. An adjustable pressure switch controls the start and stop of the electric pump, starting at low pressure and stopping at high pressure to ensure the system hydraulic pressure is maintained within the set working pressure range. The first safety valve 4, second safety valve 5, first throttle valve 6, and second throttle valve 7 are hydraulically controlled, each equipped with a hydraulic valve. Each hydraulic valve is controlled by a three-position four-way solenoid valve, which is connected to a local explosion-proof electrical control box 9 or a portable safety box. The hydraulic valves are hydraulic gate valves, each equipped with a manual pump for emergency operation in case of power outages or circuit failures, controlling the opening and closing of the first safety valve 4, second safety valve 5, first throttle valve 6, and second throttle valve 7. The hydraulic gate valve switching lines employ a foolproof design. The oil and gas wellhead 1 is connected to a first oil and gas pipeline four-way 3 via multiple sets of casing heads 2. The oil and gas pipeline four-way is connected to a first safety valve 4, which in turn is connected to a second oil and gas pipeline four-way 8. One branch of the second oil and gas pipeline four-way 8 is sequentially connected to a second safety valve 5, a first throttle valve 6, and a first oil and gas manifold; the other branch of the second oil and gas pipeline four-way 8 is connected to a second throttle valve 7 and a second oil and gas manifold. The first and second oil and gas manifolds are post-processing pipelines, including gas-liquid separation and drying functional modules. A hydraulic power unit is installed on a frame-type skid, which is made of carbon steel to save relocation time. The hydraulic power unit is equipped with a safety relief valve to prevent system overpressure.

[0028] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the control and execution unit includes a local explosion-proof electrical control box 9, a local operation panel, and a portable safety case. The local explosion-proof electrical control box 9 integrates a PLC controller, circuit breaker, indicator lights, and wiring terminals to automatically control the hydraulic power unit. The local operation panel controls a three-position four-way solenoid valve, which in turn controls the first safety valve 4, the second safety valve 5, the first throttle valve 6, and the second throttle valve 7 via the hydraulic valve. The portable safety case includes a remote operation panel and a remote control. The portable safety case receives signals via a wireless transmission module and remotely controls the three-position four-way solenoid valve. The remote operation panel is equipped with indicator lights that receive signals from the pressure sensor via a wireless receiving module and display the on / off status of the hydraulic valve through the indicator lights. Pressure transmitters are installed in the hydraulic circuits of the hydraulic valves to determine the valve position based on the pressure values ​​in chambers A and B.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the signal transmission unit includes a flow signal sensor, a pressure sensor, a cable, and a wireless transmission module. The flow signal sensor and pressure sensor are connected to the electrical control box, feeding back the oil and gas flow and pressure to the control execution unit to facilitate fine-tuning of the opening of the first throttle valve 6 and the second throttle valve 7. The cable connects the local explosion-proof electrical control box 9, the local operation panel, and the three-position four-way solenoid valve. The wireless transmission module includes a wireless receiving and transmitting module. The remote operation panel of the portable safety box receives the signals from the flow signal sensor and pressure sensor through the wireless receiving module. The remote control controller controls each three-position four-way solenoid valve through the wireless transmitting module.

[0030] Accordingly, a method for intelligent regulation of a throttle valve based on a flow sensor is disclosed:

[0031] S1: Establish the opening-flow function Q(K): Based on the structural characteristics and fluid parameters of the throttle valve, firstly, during the initial operation phase of the system, collect the actual flow rate Q (unit: m³) of the throttle valve at different opening degrees K (0~100%). 3 Using the data points at / h), the least squares method was used for fitting to obtain the throttle valve opening-flow function relationship: Q(K)=aK 2 +bK+c, where a, b, and c are fitting coefficients, and K is the valve opening degree;

[0032] S2: Obtain the optimal wellhead flow rate Q under the target operating conditions. opt Based on operational requirements or formation response characteristics (such as fracturing operation curves, acid flowback rate, and fluid carrying capacity), obtain the required optimal flow rate Q. opt For example: fracturing is designed based on sand ratio and displacement; acidizing is designed based on fluid carrying capacity and flowback capacity; and during normal production, the fluid carrying rate is maintained based on bottom hole pressure.

[0033] S3: According to Q opt Reverse push throttle valve opening K opt : Target traffic Q opt Substituting into the fitting formula Q(K), the corresponding standard aperture K can be obtained by inverse calculation or table lookup. opt Q opt =Q(K) opt → Solving for K opt and the K opt Used as the target control opening degree for the first or second throttle valve.

[0034] S4: Hydraulic throttle valve opening execution and adjustment. The intelligent control system uses a PLC to control the hydraulic system to drive the throttle valve, adjusting the opening to K. opt During the adjustment process, the actual flow rate Q′ is detected in real time using a flow sensor; if Q′ is different from Q... opt If the difference exceeds the set deviation range (e.g., ±5%), the system will perform closed-loop adjustment, fine-tuning the opening until the stable control target is reached.

[0035] S5: Combining wellhead pressure feedback with optimized control, while controlling the throttle valve opening, the system continuously acquires: formation pressure P str (e.g., using formation pressure models or wellhead predictions), bottomhole flowing pressure Pwel (converted from wellhead pressure to fluid column), calculate the production pressure difference ΔP = P str -Pwel, and determine whether it falls within the target interval [ΔP] opt ±p]; If ΔP deviates from the range, K should be adjusted appropriately to achieve differential pressure correction, ensure the safety of wellbore flow and liquid carrying capacity, and prevent liquid accumulation or excessive flow velocity from causing wellbore erosion.

[0036] S6: Intelligent judgment and alarm mechanism; the system continuously records K, Q, ΔP, and P. str The system collects key data such as Pwel and determines, based on preset logic, whether there is a liquid accumulation trend (ΔP increases and Q decreases), overpressure risk (Pwel > safety threshold), or abnormal flow (Q > upper limit or Q ≈ 0), triggering corresponding alarms or executing emergency well shutdown procedures to ensure well control safety.

[0037] Working principle of the invention:

[0038] The intelligent wellhead control system integrates an electric hydraulic pump, accumulator, PLC control module, solenoid directional valve, and wireless remote control device to achieve local manual control and remote wireless control of the wellhead hydraulic gate valve and throttle valve. Driven by PLC logic instructions, the system controls the flow of hydraulic oil to open and close the valves. Pressure sensors monitor the pressure in each valve chamber in real time, determine the valve position status, and provide feedback to the control panel or remote control. The system features automatic pressure maintenance, emergency operation in case of power failure (manual pump), multi-valve parallel control, and status indication functions, ensuring safe, efficient, and intelligent operation of wellhead work.

[0039] This invention meets the requirements of climatic conditions ranging from -29℃ to +60℃ and construction operations in oilfield areas. The entire system is advanced in design, rationally laid out, reliable in use, and easy to maintain. The product complies with HSE standards for oilfield sites, and its design, manufacturing, and acceptance conform to relevant national industry standards.

[0040] The technical parameters of this invention are as follows:

[0041] Ambient temperature: -29℃—60℃;

[0042] Motorized pump set: 6L / min 21MPa AC380V 50Hz 3KW;

[0043] Rated operating pressure: 21MPa (output pressure to the actuator can be set by the adjustable pressure valve);

[0044] Control stations: 4 stations, 8 hydraulic interfaces;

[0045] Local control method: manual electric button operation (the button's switch controls the opening and closing of the solenoid directional valve);

[0046] Remote control method: wireless frequency control, remote control panel buttons control the electromagnetic reversing valve switch (wireless control distance 200 meters);

[0047] Hydraulic hose: 35MPa, 50 meters long, integrated hose reel, manual winding;

[0048] Power cable: 50 meters long, three-phase five-wire system, integrated cable reel, manual winding;

[0049] Accumulator volume: 40L x 1;

[0050] Fuel tank capacity: 200L;

[0051] Hydraulic actuator hydraulic interface: 1 / 2 NPT(F);

[0052] Hydraulic oil specifications: Anti-wear hydraulic oil (select grade according to ambient temperature);

[0053] Hydraulic control box structure: frame-type skid-mounted structure;

[0054] Hydraulic control box dimensions: Length * Width * Height (meters) = approximately 1.5 x 1.2 x 1.8;

[0055] Protection level: Outdoor rain and dustproof (hydraulic station and electrical);

[0056] Explosion-proof rating: Ex dIIBT4.

[0057] System features of the present invention:

[0058] 1) The equipped manual pump is used for emergency operation of the hydraulic gate valve in case of power outage or circuit failure.

[0059] 2) The local control panel can display the system pressure, working pressure, and valve position switch status in real time, and the pressure gauge displays the pressure status, etc.

[0060] 3) Remote control: The 3-position 4-way solenoid directional valve is controlled by a wireless remote control button to control the opening and closing of the hydraulic valve. The wireless control distance is over 200 meters, which can be used for remote handling in case of accidents such as fire or blowout, thus enhancing safety.

[0061] 4) The system integrates hydraulic hose reels and cable reels for convenient storage of hoses and cables, facilitating on-site construction operations. Connections to the hydraulically controlled gate valve are made via hydraulic hoses and quick-connect couplings. The hose interface is a G3 / 8 swivel nut, the quick-connect coupling interface is G3 / 8 (external), and the gate valve interface is 1 / 2 NPT (internal). To prevent confusion in the gate valve's on / off wiring connections, a foolproof design is employed (distinguishing between male and female quick-connect couplings).

[0062] 5) The hydraulic control box adopts a frame-type skid-mounted structure, which is suitable for field transportation operations.

[0063] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wellhead intelligent control system, characterized in that: Comprise: Hydraulic power unit, control execution unit, signal transmission unit, The hydraulic power unit comprises an electric hydraulic pump group, a manual pump, a hydraulic oil tank, an accumulator, a first safety valve (4), a second safety valve (5), a first throttle valve (6), and a second throttle valve (7). The first safety valve (4), the second safety valve (5), the first throttle valve (6), and the second throttle valve (7) are hydraulically controlled, and are respectively provided with a hydraulic valve. The hydraulic valves are respectively controlled by three-position four-way electromagnetic valves. The first oil and gas pipe four-way is connected with the first safety valve (4). The first safety valve (4) is connected with a second oil and gas pipe four-way (8). One branch pipe of the second oil and gas pipe four-way (8) is sequentially connected with the second safety valve (5), the first throttle valve (6), and a first oil and gas pipe collector. The other branch pipe of the second oil and gas pipe four-way (8) is connected with the second throttle valve (7) and a second oil and gas pipe collector. The control execution unit comprises an on-site explosion-proof electric control box (9), an on-site operation panel, and a portable safety box. The on-site explosion-proof electric control box (9) automatically controls the hydraulic power unit. The on-site operation panel controls each three-position four-way electromagnetic valve. The portable safety box comprises a remote operation panel and a remote control remote controller. The on-site explosion-proof electric control box (9) is integrated with a PLC controller, an air switch, an indicator light, and a wiring terminal. The on-site operation panel controls the first safety valve (4), the second safety valve (5), the first throttle valve (6), and the second throttle valve (7) through the three-position four-way electromagnetic valves and the hydraulic valves. The signal transmission unit comprises a flow signal sensor, a pressure sensor, a cable, and a wireless transmission module. The flow signal sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to feed back the oil and gas flow and pressure to the control execution unit, so as to facilitate the fine adjustment of the opening degree of the first throttle valve (6) and the second throttle valve (7). The cable connects the on-site explosion-proof electric control box (9), the on-site operation panel, and the three-position four-way electromagnetic valves. The remote operation panel of the portable safety box receives the signals of the flow signal sensor and the pressure sensor through a wireless receiving module, and controls each three-position four-way electromagnetic valve through a wireless sending module.

2. The wellhead intelligent control system of claim 1, wherein: The first oil and gas pipe collector and the second oil and gas pipe collector are post-processing pipelines, which comprise a gas-liquid separation and drying functional module. The oil and gas wellhead (1) is connected with the first oil and gas pipe four-way (3) through a plurality of groups of casing heads (2).

3. The wellhead intelligent control system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also comprises a frame-type pry body, and the pry body is provided with a hydraulic power unit. The pry body is made of carbon steel.

4. The wellhead intelligent control system of claim 1, wherein: The electric hydraulic pump group is connected with the hydraulic oil tank and the accumulator. The start and stop of the electric pump are controlled by an adjustable pressure switch, so that the electric pump is started at low pressure and stopped at high pressure.

5. The wellhead intelligent control system of claim 1, wherein: The hydraulic valve is a hydraulic gate valve. Each hydraulic gate valve is provided with a manual pump, which is used for emergency control of the hydraulic gate valve in the case of power failure or circuit failure, and controls the opening and closing and opening degree of the first safety valve (4), the second safety valve (5), the first throttle valve (6), and the second throttle valve (7).

6. The wellhead intelligent control system of claim 1, wherein: The remote operation panel is provided with an indicator light. The indicator light displays the opening and closing state of the hydraulic valve by receiving the signal of the pressure sensor through a wireless receiving module.

7. The wellhead intelligent control system according to any one of claims 1, 4, 5, characterized in that: The hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic valve is provided with a pressure transmitter. The valve position switch is judged by the pressure values of the A cavity and the B cavity.

8. The wellhead intelligent control system of claim 1 or 5, wherein: The hydraulic power unit is configured with a safety overflow valve.

9. The wellhead intelligent control system of claim 1, wherein: The following throttle valve intelligent adjustment method is adopted: S1: Establishing the opening-flow function Q(K): According to the structural characteristics of the throttle valve and the fluid parameters, the actual flow Q data points of the throttle valve at different openings K are collected in the initial running stage of the system, and the least square method is used for fitting to obtain the opening-flow function relationship of the throttle valve: Q(K) = aK² + bK + c, wherein a, b, c are fitting coefficients, and K is the valve opening; S2: Obtain the optimal flow rate Q of the wellhead under the target working condition opt : Obtain the required optimal flow rate Q in combination with the fracturing operation curve, acid liquid flowback rate, and liquid carrying critical value opt ; S3: According to Q opt Backstepping throttle opening K opt : Substitute the target flow Q opt into the fitting formula Q(K), and obtain the corresponding standard opening K by backstepping or table lookup opt ; According to Q opt = Q(K opt ) Solve K opt , and take K opt as the target control opening of the first throttle or the second throttle S4: hydraulic throttle opening degree execution and adjustment, the intelligent control system drives the throttle valve action through the PLC control hydraulic system, executes the opening degree adjustment to K opt , and detects the actual flow Q' in real time through the flow sensor during the adjustment process; If Q' is greater than Q opt If the difference exceeds a set deviation range, the system performs closed-loop adjustment, fine-tuning the opening degree until the stable control target is reached. S5: combined with wellhead pressure feedback optimization control, while throttling valve opening degree control, the system continuously obtains: through the formation pressure model or wellhead prediction value to obtain the formation pressure P str , the well bottom flow pressure Pwel obtained by converting the wellhead pressure and liquid column, calculate the production pressure difference ΔP = P str - Pwel, and determine whether it falls into the target interval [ΔP opt ± p]; if ΔP deviates from the range, adjust K appropriately to correct the pressure difference, ensure the safety of wellbore flow and liquid carrying capacity, and prevent liquid accumulation or high flow rate from causing wellbore erosion. S6: Intelligent judgment and alarm mechanism; the system continuously records K, Q, ΔP, and P. str The system collects key Pwel data and uses preset logic to determine whether there are any issues such as liquid accumulation trends, overpressure risks, or abnormal flow rates, triggering corresponding alarms or executing emergency well shutdown procedures to ensure well control safety. Wherein, when ΔP rises and Q drops, it is judged that there is a tendency of liquid accumulation; when Pwel is greater than the safety threshold, it is judged that there is a risk of overpressure; when Q is greater than the upper limit or Q is approximately 0, it is judged that there is an abnormal flow.

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