Channel slope deformation monitoring system and early warning method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, in particular to a channel slope deformation monitoring system and early warning method, comprising: a reference station arranged in a non-deformation area; the plurality of monitoring stations are arranged in the easy-to-deform area and are arranged in a rectangular array; each of the reference station and the monitoring station comprises a GNSS receiving module, a communication module and a power supply module. Monitoring stations distributed in a matrix mode are arranged on the slope, the monitoring stations are provided with anchoring structures arranged to different depth layers, displacement of the anchoring structures is collected through displacement sensors, the surface layer displacement amount of each monitoring station is monitored through the GNSS technology, the displacement amounts of the anchoring structures at different depths are monitored through the displacement sensors, and the monitoring accuracy is improved. The deformation of the whole side slope can be monitored in a three-dimensional manner, and particularly, the deformation trend and the deformation development condition of each area of the side slope can be judged, so that early deformation early warning can be formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, and in particular to a waterway slope deformation monitoring system and an early warning method. Background Art

[0002] The deformation of waterway slopes is the result of the combined effects of multiple factors, including internal factors such as strata, lithology, geological structure, and rock mass structure, as well as external factors such as climate, groundwater, and human activities. External factors such as climate, groundwater, and human activities are dominant. For example, extreme climatic conditions and global climate change are the main triggers and inducing factors for landslides. For example, water erosion of rock slopes can create an open surface at the toe of the slope, desupporting the upper rock mass and causing slope instability. Furthermore, large-scale geotechnical activities such as civil engineering, water conservancy, transportation, and mining can cause changes in the internal stress of the soil in the slope due to slope excavation, backfilling, spoil, and slag accumulation. This can also lead to reduced shear strength due to excavation, or increased sliding forces due to the increased load of backfill, all of which can cause slope instability.

[0003] For deformation monitoring of waterway slopes, traditional monitoring methods mainly include manual inspections and manual measurements. In the early days, it mainly relied on the observations and experience of monitoring personnel. Monitoring personnel visually observed the displacement and deformation of the structure to determine whether there were safety hazards. This method is prone to being too subjective and the monitoring conclusions are inaccurate. Therefore, the current monitoring method based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technology is mostly used, that is, using GNSS real-time dynamic monitoring differential technology to perform online slope safety monitoring. The GNSS receiver is fixed and firmly placed at a location far away from the deformation area as a base station, and multiple GNSS receivers are placed at the displacement points of the slope as monitoring stations.

[0004] However, this monitoring method can usually only represent the displacement or deformation of the surface, and the deformation of the slope usually takes precedence over the displacement below the surface. Therefore, how to monitor the deformation of the slope in three dimensions is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in slope monitoring in the prior art, the first aspect of the present invention provides a waterway slope deformation monitoring system, comprising:

[0006] Benchmark stations set up in non-deformed areas;

[0007] A plurality of monitoring stations arranged in a rectangular array in the deformable area;

[0008] The reference site and the monitoring site each include a GNSS receiving module, a communication module, and a power supply module, wherein the GNSS receiving module, the communication module, and the power supply module are electrically connected, and the GNSS receiving module is used to receive signals from GNSS satellites to determine the relative position of each monitoring site and the reference site;

[0009] Data processing components;

[0010] The monitoring station is further provided with a displacement monitoring module, which is connected to a plurality of anchoring components at different depths of the deformable area through a plurality of pull ropes. The anchoring components are configured to move along with the structural layer at the depth. The displacement monitoring module includes a winding component corresponding to each of the pull ropes. The displacement monitoring module is used to monitor the rotation amount of each of the winding components to determine the displacement amount of the anchoring component.

[0011] The data processing component is in communication connection with the communication module, and is used to calculate and record the relative position of each monitoring site and the displacement of the anchoring components at different depths corresponding to each monitoring site.

[0012] Preferably, the plurality of anchoring components in each monitoring site are arranged in a linear distribution.

[0013] Preferably, the deformable area forms a predetermined angle with the horizontal plane, and the plurality of anchoring components in each of the monitoring sites are perpendicular to the horizontal plane or perpendicular to the surface of the deformable area.

[0014] Preferably, the anchoring component is constructed to include three retractable hook structures relative to the main body, the hooks can be ejected relative to the main body to an expanded state or constrained to a contracted state close to the main body, the pull rope is connected to the main body, and the main body is constructed to be cylindrical or disc-shaped.

[0015] Preferably, each winding component of the displacement monitoring module is provided with a lead wire, the lead wire is wound around the winding component, and an end of the pull rope away from the anchoring component is provided with a connecting ring, and the lead wire is connected to the connecting ring.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes an installation component for the anchoring component, the installation component includes a installation tube, the installation tube is configured to include a first arc plate and a second arc plate hinged to each other, the first arc plate and the second arc plate are aligned with each other and are tied with a restraining belt to form a tube shape, the anchoring component is maintained in a retracted state and is arranged in the installation tube, and adjacent anchoring components maintain a preset distance, a release rope is provided outside the installation tube, the release rope is connected to the restraining belt, when the release rope is pulled to detach from the restraining belt, the restraining belt changes from a closed loop to an open loop, so that the installation tube is opened, and each of the anchoring components changes from a restrained state to an expanded state.

[0017] Preferably, the inner walls of the first arc plate and the second arc plate are provided with a first recessed area and a second recessed area, the first recessed area is located at the junction of the first arc plate and the second arc plate, and the second recessed area extends 2π / 3 from the junction of the first arc plate and the second arc plate to the hinge.

[0018] Preferably, the distance between two adjacent anchoring components located at the same monitoring site is 50-100 cm.

[0019] The second aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, a waterway slope deformation early warning method, using the above-mentioned waterway slope deformation monitoring system, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Arrange the reference station in the non-deformable area and multiple monitoring stations in the deformable area. The multiple monitoring stations are distributed in a rectangular array of M rows and N columns. The position of the reference station is defined as Q, and the current position of the monitoring station in the i-th row and j-th column is defined as P. ij ;

[0021] Step 2: Obtain the displacement S of each monitoring site relative to the reference site through the global navigation satellite system, and obtain the displacement H of the anchor components of each depth layer in each monitoring site through the displacement monitoring module.

[0022] The displacement of the monitoring station in row i and column j relative to the reference station 10 is S ij The current displacement of the anchor components at each depth layer in the monitoring station relative to the time of deployment is H ij k, k is the anchor component corresponding to the kth depth layer among the n depth layers;

[0023] Step 3: Compare the displacement S of the monitoring station in row i and column j ij Whether it exceeds the preset value Smax, compare the displacement H of the anchor components corresponding to each depth layer in the monitoring site ij k and displacement S ij Whether the sum of exceeds the preset value Smax, if it exceeds the preset value Smax, the area corresponding to the monitoring station is judged as a deformation area.

[0024] Preferably, in step 3, the deformation amounts of the anchoring components corresponding to different monitoring stations in each depth layer are compared according to different depth layers, and are arranged in descending order to determine the deformation trend of each depth layer.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0026] The present invention arranges monitoring stations distributed in a matrix on the slope. The monitoring stations have anchoring structures arranged at different depths. The displacement of the anchoring structures is collected by displacement sensors. The surface displacement of each monitoring station is monitored by GNSS technology. The displacement of the anchoring structures at different depths is monitored by displacement sensors. The deformation of the entire slope can be monitored in three dimensions, and in particular, the deformation trend and deformation development of each area of ​​the slope can be determined to form an earlier deformation warning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in various figures may be represented by the same reference numeral. For the sake of clarity, not every component is labeled in every figure. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the waterway slope deformation monitoring system shown in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring station shown in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of displacement of anchoring components at different depths shown in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the arrangement state of the anchoring components shown in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the anchoring component shown in the present invention in an expanded state;

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the anchoring component shown in the present invention in the installation cylinder;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a top view of the anchoring component shown in the present invention in the expanded state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Currently, monitoring methods based on GNSS technology can only monitor surface displacements, while slope displacements may first occur in deeper strata. Therefore, by monitoring the displacements of deeper strata, early warning of possible deformations can be provided.

[0037]

Waterway Slope Deformation Monitoring System

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the first aspect of the present invention proposes a channel slope deformation monitoring system, including a reference site 10 and multiple monitoring sites 20, the reference site 10 is set in a non-deformation area 101, and the multiple monitoring sites 20 are arranged in a rectangular array in a deformable area 102.

[0039] Among them, the reference site 10 and the monitoring site 20 both include a GNSS receiving module 21, a communication module 22 and a power supply module 24. The GNSS receiving module 21, the communication module 22 and the power supply module 24 are electrically connected. The GNSS receiving module 21 is used to receive signals from GNSS satellites to determine the relative position of each monitoring site 20 and the reference site 10.

[0040] Furthermore, the data processing component is connected to the communication module 22 for communication, and is used to calculate and record the relative position of each monitoring site 20. In this way, by taking the reference site 10 as the reference point, the monitoring site 20 is set in the monitored area, and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is used for real-time dynamic monitoring differential technology. Satellite signals are received through the reference station and the monitoring station, and the deformation of the slope is monitored and warned by referring to the relative positions of the monitoring site 20 and the reference site 10.

[0041] Furthermore, in order to monitor the deformation of deeper soil layers below the monitoring site 20, the monitoring site 20 is also provided with a displacement monitoring module 23. The displacement monitoring module 23 is connected to multiple anchor components 26 at different depth layers in the deformable area 102 through multiple pull ropes 25. The anchor components 26 are configured to move following the structural layer of the depth layer. The displacement monitoring module 23 includes a winding component corresponding to each pull rope 25. The displacement monitoring module 23 is used to monitor the rotation amount of each winding component to determine the displacement amount of the anchor component 26.

[0042] The data processing component is in communication connection with the communication module 22 and is used to calculate the displacement of the anchoring component 26 at different depths corresponding to each monitoring site 20 .

[0043] Optionally, the data processing component is a computer and professional data processing software, and the communication module 22 transmits the displacement data of each monitoring site 20 and the data of the displacement monitoring module 23 to the data processing component by wired or wireless means for the data processing component to perform calculation, analysis and visualization processing.

[0044] In this way, when the soil layer below the monitoring station 20 undergoes local deformation and displacement, the anchoring components 26 at the depth layer will also be displaced synchronously. Therefore, displacement monitoring of soil layers at different depths below the surface of the current area can be performed.

[0045] Optionally, the distance between two adjacent anchoring components 26 located in the same monitoring site 20 is 50-100 cm.

[0046] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of anchoring components 26 in each monitoring site 20 are arranged in a linear distribution. In this way, the plurality of anchoring components 26 are easy to deploy, and when each anchoring component 26 is displaced, the deformation of the current soil layer can be represented.

[0047] The deformable region 102 forms a predetermined angle with the horizontal plane. Optionally, the multiple anchoring components 26 in each monitoring site 20 are perpendicular to the horizontal plane or perpendicular to the surface of the deformable region 102 .

[0048] In this way, when the anchoring components 26 are arranged linearly and deployed at predetermined positions, different anchoring components 26 in different monitoring sites 20 may be at the same height layer. Therefore, if the anchoring components 26 at the same height layer in the monitoring sites 20 at adjacent positions have not produced displacement, then to a large extent the soil layer at that height layer has produced deformation. Therefore, the deformation of the soil layer at the current height layer can be represented by the deformation of the anchoring components 26 at the same height layer.

[0049] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, multiple monitoring sites 20 are distributed in a matrix, for example, distributed in M ​​rows and N columns. When the displacement of each monitoring site 20 is monitored, the displacement of each monitoring site 20 is marked, and the current position of the monitoring site 20 in the i-th row and j-th column is defined as P ij , i is a positive integer between 1 and M, j is a positive integer between 1 and N, according to different moments P ij The position difference can be obtained by calculating the displacement S of the monitoring station 20 in the i-th row and j-th column. ij By arranging the displacements of the plurality of monitoring stations 20 from large to small, it is possible to obtain areas with larger deformation and areas with smaller deformation.

[0050] In addition, the deformation of the anchoring components 26 in the soil layers at different depths below each monitoring station 20 is monitored. The displacement of the anchoring components 26 at each depth layer in the monitoring station 20 relative to the displacement at the time of deployment is H. ij k, k is the anchoring component 26 corresponding to the kth depth layer among the n depth layers, for example Figure 2 As shown, the figure shows four depth layers. The first depth layer is the surface layer A, the second depth layer is the underground layer B, the third depth layer is the underground layer C, and the fourth depth layer is the bottom layer D. Generally, when the deeper structural layer is displaced, the surface layer cannot be reflected. Therefore, the deformation of the bottom depth layer can provide an early warning for the deformation of the surface layer.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, for example, the deformation of the anchoring component 26 at different depths below each monitoring station 20 is monitored. If the deformation of the fourth depth layer below the monitoring station 20 in the i-th row and j-th column exceeds the preset value, that is, H ij 4>Smax, and the deformation of the fourth depth layer below the monitoring station 20 in the (i-1)th row and the (j-1)th column exceeds the preset value, that is, H (i-1)(j-1) 4>Smax, it means that the soil layer below the i-th row and j-th column and the (i-1)-th row and (j-1)-th column has abnormal deformation. If the third and second depth layers of this point also deform in the later period, it means that the area has produced undesirable deformation.

[0052] In an optional embodiment, the anchoring component 26 is constructed to include three hook structures that are retractable relative to the main body. The hook structure and the main body are connected by a torsion spring, so that the hook and the main body have a tendency to bounce apart. In this way, the hook can bounce apart to an expanded state relative to the main body or be constrained to a contracted state close to the main body. The pull rope 25 is connected to the main body, and the main body is constructed to be columnar or disc-shaped.

[0053] like Figure 4a As shown, each winding component of the displacement monitoring module 23 is provided with a lead 231 , which is wound around the winding component. An end of the pull rope 25 away from the anchoring component 26 is provided with a connecting ring 251 , and the lead 231 is connected to the connecting ring 251 .

[0054] In this way, when the connecting ring 251 and the end of the lead wire 231 are connected together, the anchoring component 26 is pulled, and the winding component rotates. The rotational displacement of the winding component can be monitored using an angle sensor or the like.

[0055] Furthermore, it also includes an installation component for the anchoring component 26, and the installation component includes a mounting tube 30. The mounting tube 30 is configured to include a first arc plate 301 and a second arc plate 302 that are hinged to each other. The first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302 are aligned with each other and are tied by the restraint belt 31 to form a tube shape. The anchoring component 26 is maintained in a retracted state and is arranged in the mounting tube 30, and adjacent anchoring components 26 maintain a preset distance. A release rope 32 is provided outside the mounting tube 30, and the release rope 32 is connected to the restraint belt 31. When the release rope 32 is pulled to separate from the restraint belt 31, the restraint belt 31 changes from a closed loop to an open loop, so that the mounting tube 30 is opened, and each anchoring component 26 changes from a restrained state to an expanded state, as shown in FIG. Figure 4b shown.

[0056] In this way, multiple anchoring components 26 can be arranged in the corresponding depth layer according to the preset spacing, and then the installation tube 30 is pulled out, and only the anchoring components 26 are fixed to the corresponding depth layer, so as to facilitate the subsequent displacement as the depth layer deforms.

[0057] Combine Figure 5-6 As shown, in an optional embodiment, the inner walls of the first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302 are provided with a first recessed area 303 and a second recessed area 304, the first recessed area 303 is located at the junction of the first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302, and the second recessed area 304 extends 2π / 3 from the junction of the first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302 to the hinge.

[0058] Wherein, cross hollow grooves are provided on both sides of the hinged joint of the first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302, so that the first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302 occupy less space when folded against each other.

[0059] Thus, when the mounting tube 30 is in the closed state, the three hooks of the anchoring member 26 are respectively at the ends of the first recessed area 303 and the second recessed area 304, forming a directional limit for the anchoring member 26. When the restraining belt 31 is released, the hooks at the first recessed area 303 are first unfolded, so that the first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302 are separated from each other and pushed. Figure 5 Shown expanded to Figure 6 shown.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, combined with Figure 4a , 4b and Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a hole of a predetermined depth is drilled at a predetermined position of the deformable area 102. The diameter of the hole is smaller than the diameter of the anchoring component 26 after expansion, and larger than the diameter of the installation tube 30. The installation tube 30 is aligned, and a restraining belt 31 is set on the outer wall. The release rope 32 restrains the restraining belt 31 (the restraining belt 31 has loops at both ends, and the release rope 32 is passed through the loops, so that the restraining belt 31 is a closed loop structure, constraining the installation tube 30). A predetermined number of anchors are sequentially placed at predetermined positions in the installation tube 30. The fixing component 26 is fixed and kept in a contracted state, the installation cylinder 30 is placed into the empty hole, and the release rope 32 is pulled out. The first arc plate 301 and the second arc plate 302 of the installation cylinder 30 are separated from each other, and the three hooks of the anchoring component are unfolded and inserted into the soil layer on the inner wall of the empty hole. The installation cylinder 30 is pulled out, and only the anchoring component 26 is retained. The pull ropes 25 of the corresponding anchoring components are connected to the lead 231 respectively to achieve connection with the displacement monitoring module 23, and then the empty hole is filled with soil. Finally, the monitoring station 20 is deployed.

[0061]

Waterway Slope Deformation Early Warning Method

[0062] The second aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, a waterway slope deformation early warning method, using the above-mentioned waterway slope deformation monitoring system, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Arrange a reference station 10 in the non-deformable area 101 and multiple monitoring stations 20 in the deformable area 102. The multiple monitoring stations 20 are distributed in a rectangular array of M rows and N columns. The position of the reference station 10 is defined as Q, and the current position of the monitoring station 20 in the i-th row and j-th column is defined as P. ij ;

[0064] Step 2: Obtain the displacement S of each monitoring site 20 relative to the reference site 10 through the global navigation satellite system, and obtain the displacement H of the anchoring component 26 of each depth layer in each monitoring site 20 through the displacement monitoring module 23.

[0065] The current displacement of the monitoring station 20 in the i-th row and j-th column relative to the reference station 10 is S ij The displacement of the anchoring components 26 at each depth layer in the monitoring station 20 relative to the time of deployment is H ij k, k is the anchoring component 26 corresponding to the k-th depth layer among the n depth layers;

[0066] Step 3: Compare the displacement S of the monitoring station 20 in the i-th row and the j-th column ij Whether it exceeds the preset value Smax, compare the displacement H of the anchoring component 26 corresponding to each depth layer in the monitoring site 20 ij k and displacement S ij The sum of exceeds the preset value Smax. If it exceeds the preset value Smax, the area corresponding to the monitoring site 20 is determined to be a deformation area.

[0067] By calculating the displacement S of each monitoring station 20 ij And the displacement H of the anchoring component 26 corresponding to each depth layer in the monitoring site 20 ij k and displacement S ij By comparing the sum with the preset value Smax, the displacement of the surface layer and different depth layers of the current monitoring site 20 can be determined, and deformation monitoring of the area can be effectively performed.

[0068] In an optional embodiment, in step 3, the deformation amounts of the anchoring components 26 corresponding to different monitoring stations 20 in each depth layer are compared according to different depth layers, and are arranged in order from large to small, and the growth rate of the displacement of each station and the anchoring components at different depths of the station is calculated, which is helpful to judge the deformation trend of each depth layer and the change trend of each area on the slope.

[0069] In this way, by arranging the deformation magnitudes of various points at different depths in the horizontal and vertical directions, the three-dimensional deformation trend of the entire slope can be obtained, which is more conducive to early warning of slope deformation.

[0070] In combination with the above embodiments, the present invention arranges monitoring stations distributed in a matrix on the slope. The monitoring stations have anchoring structures arranged at different depth layers. The displacement of the anchoring structure is collected by a displacement sensor, and the surface displacement of each monitoring station is monitored by GNSS technology. The displacement of the anchoring structure at different depths is monitored by the displacement sensor, and the deformation of the entire slope can be monitored in three dimensions. In particular, the deformation trend and deformation development of each area of ​​the slope can be judged to form an earlier deformation warning.

[0071] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, this is not intended to limit the present invention. Persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A waterway slope deformation monitoring system, characterized in that: include: A reference station (10) is provided in a non-deformed area (101); A plurality of monitoring stations (20) arranged in a rectangular array and disposed in the deformable region (102); The reference site (10) and the monitoring site (20) each include a GNSS receiving module (21), a communication module (22), and a power supply module (24), wherein the GNSS receiving module (21), the communication module (22), and the power supply module (24) are electrically connected, and the GNSS receiving module (21) is used to receive signals from GNSS satellites to determine the relative position of each monitoring site (20) and the reference site (10); Data processing components; The monitoring station (20) is further provided with a displacement monitoring module (23), wherein the displacement monitoring module (23) is connected to a plurality of anchoring components (26) at different depth layers of the deformable region (102) via a plurality of pull ropes (25), wherein the anchoring components (26) are configured to move following the structural layer at the depth layer, and the displacement monitoring module (23) includes a winding component corresponding to each of the pull ropes (25), and the displacement monitoring module (23) is used to monitor the rotation amount of each of the winding components to determine the displacement amount of the anchoring component (26); The data processing component is connected to the communication module (22) for calculating and recording the relative position of each monitoring site (20) and the displacement of the anchoring component (26) at different depths corresponding to each monitoring site (20).

2. The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of anchoring components (26) in each monitoring site (20) are arranged in a linear distribution.

3. The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deformable region (102) forms a predetermined angle with a horizontal plane, and the plurality of anchoring components (26) in each monitoring site (20) are perpendicular to the horizontal plane or perpendicular to the surface of the deformable region (102).

4. The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring component (26) is constructed to include three hook structures that are retractable relative to the main body. The hooks can be opened relative to the main body to an expanded state or constrained to a retracted state close to the main body. The pull rope (25) is connected to the main body, and the main body is constructed to be cylindrical or disc-shaped.

5. The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each winding component of the displacement monitoring module (23) is provided with a lead wire (231), the lead wire (231) is wound around the winding component, and one end of the pull rope (25) away from the anchoring component (26) is provided with a connecting ring (251), and the lead wire (231) is connected to the connecting ring (251).

6. The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The invention also includes a mounting component for the anchoring component (26), wherein the mounting component includes a mounting tube (30), and the mounting tube (30) is configured to include a first arc plate (301) and a second arc plate (302) hinged to each other, wherein the first arc plate (301) and the second arc plate (302) are aligned with each other and are bound by a restraining belt (31) to form a tube shape, and the anchoring component (26) is maintained in a contracted state and arranged in the mounting tube (30), and adjacent anchoring components (26) maintain a preset spacing, and a release rope (32) is provided outside the mounting tube (30), and the release rope (32) is connected to the restraining belt (31), and when the release rope (32) is pulled to separate from the restraining belt (31), the restraining belt (31) changes from a closed loop to an open loop, so that the mounting tube (30) is opened, and each of the anchoring components (26) changes from a restrained state to an expanded state.

7. The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner walls of the first arc plate (301) and the second arc plate (302) are provided with a first recessed area (303) and a second recessed area (304), wherein the first recessed area (303) is located at the junction of the first arc plate (301) and the second arc plate (302), and the second recessed area (304) extends 2π / 3 from the junction of the first arc plate (301) and the second arc plate (302) to the hinge.

8. The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent anchoring components (26) located in the same monitoring site (20) is 50-100 cm.

9. A waterway slope deformation early warning method, characterized in that: The waterway slope deformation monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Arrange a reference station (10) in the non-deformable area (101), and arrange multiple monitoring stations (20) in the deformable area (102). The multiple monitoring stations (20) are distributed in a rectangular array of M rows and N columns. The position of the reference station (10) is defined as Q, and the current position of the monitoring station (20) in the i-th row and j-th column is defined as P. ij ; Step 2: obtaining the displacement S of each monitoring site (20) relative to the reference site (10) through the global navigation satellite system, and obtaining the displacement H of the anchoring component (26) of each depth layer in each monitoring site (20) through the displacement monitoring module (23). The displacement of the monitoring station (20) in the i-th row and j-th column relative to the reference station (10) is S ij The displacement of the anchoring components (26) at each depth layer in the monitoring station (20) relative to the time of deployment is H. ij k, k is the anchor component (26) corresponding to the kth depth layer among the n depth layers; Step 3: Compare the displacement S of the monitoring station (20) in row i and column j ij Whether it exceeds the preset value Smax, compare the displacement H of the anchoring component (26) corresponding to each depth layer in the monitoring station (20) ij k and displacement S ij Whether the sum exceeds the preset value Smax, if it exceeds the preset value Smax, the area corresponding to the monitoring site (20) is judged to be a deformation area.

10. The waterway slope deformation early warning method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 3, the deformation amounts of the anchoring components (26) corresponding to different monitoring stations (20) in each depth layer are compared according to different depth layers, and are arranged in descending order to determine the deformation trend of each depth layer.

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