A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin injuries

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of pressure injury, and particularly relates to a new-born skin injury comprehensive prevention and management system. The present application generates a personalized risk threshold by fusing clinical data and multi-modal physiological parameters, avoids single risk judgment, improves the pertinence and accuracy of prediction, collects data only during a physiological steady state period, effectively reduces noise caused by disease fluctuations or interference factors, improves the stability and reliability of risk parameter calculation, comprehensively automatically executes a risk assessment process, triggers a graded early warning and intervention push in real time when the score exceeds the threshold, greatly shortens the response time from risk identification to intervention, verifies the real-time effect of the intervention measures through an intervention feedback module, realizes closed-loop management of risk discovery, intervention, verification and optimization, reduces missed alarms and invalid interventions, and automatically generates a monitoring curve and historical trends to help medical staff intuitively judge risk change trends and support long-term management and scientific research analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of pressure injuries, and in particular relates to a comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin injuries. Background Art

[0002] Neonatal skin is immature in both its anatomical structure and physiological function. Its epidermis is thin, its stratum corneum is weak, and its dermis is loose. This makes it less resistant to external friction, pressure, and temperature fluctuations, making it highly susceptible to pressure-induced skin injuries. Premature infants, low-birth-weight infants, and those requiring respiratory support or extracorporeal monitoring are particularly susceptible to developing erythema, blisters, lesions, and even necrotizing lesions in areas of concentrated pressure, such as the occipital region, coxae, and heels, due to prolonged bed rest, restricted positioning, and localized blood flow obstruction. Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at particularly high risk for pressure injuries (PI). These skin injuries not only impact the patient's comfort and prognosis but can also induce secondary infections, prolong hospitalizations, and increase the burden of care and medical costs.

[0003] In existing technologies, the prevention and judgment of neonatal skin injuries mainly rely on manual regular physical examinations and static scoring tools (such as the Braden-Q scale) and auxiliary systems. These can assess risks to a certain extent, but rely on manual completion by nursing staff, with limited assessment frequency, making it difficult to meet the real-time response needs for rapid changes in the condition. They fail to fully consider the impact of developmental differences between individual neonates on the skin's pressure resistance, and are insufficiently accurate. Once high-risk individuals are identified, most systems only provide early warning prompts and lack an effective verification mechanism to determine whether the intervention plan is effective. This poses risks of false alarms, missed alarms, and inadequate measures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin injuries, which can achieve early and accurate intervention in neonatal skin injuries such as pressure sores, effectively improve nursing safety and comfort of children, and reduce medical costs and the risk of complications.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin injuries, including a medical data interface module, a threshold generation module, a data acquisition module, a risk assessment module, and an intervention feedback module:

[0007] Medical data interface module, used to obtain neonatal clinical data and multimodal physiological parameters;

[0008] A threshold generation module is used to generate risk thresholds based on neonatal clinical data and multimodal physiological parameters;

[0009] A data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time monitoring data of target neonatal sites during the neonatal physiological steady-state period, and to obtain risk parameters based on the monitoring data. The target sites include the occiput, coccyx, and heel. The monitoring data include transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, and local skin temperature. The risk parameters include the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio and the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio.

[0010] The comprehensive risk assessment module is used to generate a comprehensive risk score based on risk parameters and compare the comprehensive risk score with the risk threshold. When the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold, it automatically generates skin damage grade information and pushes the graded preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system, while also generating monitoring curves and historical trends.

[0011] The intervention feedback module is used to re-obtain the comprehensive risk score within a preset period after the implementation of the initial intervention plan, and feed the risk score back to the comprehensive risk assessment module for iterative optimization of model parameters.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the medical data interface module includes a neonatal electronic medical record system for extracting the neonatal age, weight, current respiratory support mode and heart rate variability.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the threshold generation module includes a breathing encoding unit, a reference unit, a weight unit and a threshold unit;

[0014] A breathing encoding unit, which obtains a corresponding breathing mode code value based on the current breathing support mode;

[0015] A benchmark unit is used to obtain benchmark parameters, wherein the benchmark parameters include a benchmark age, a benchmark weight, a benchmark breathing pattern code value, a benchmark heart rate variability, and a risk benchmark value;

[0016] A weight unit, used to obtain weight parameters, wherein the weight parameters include age weight, weight weight, breathing pattern weight and heart rate variability weight;

[0017] The threshold unit obtains the risk threshold based on age, weight, breathing pattern code value, heart rate variability, baseline parameters and weight parameters.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition module includes a monitoring unit, a steady-state parameter unit, a steady-state physiological unit, a steady-state period construction unit, a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline unit, a transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline unit, and a skin temperature baseline unit;

[0019] A monitoring unit is used to obtain real-time monitoring data of target parts of the newborn, where the target parts include the occiput, coccyx and heel, and the monitoring data include transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure and local skin temperature;

[0020] A steady-state parameter unit is used to obtain steady-state parameter data of the newborn, wherein the steady-state parameter data includes a stable range of heart rate fluctuation, a stable amplitude of blood oxygen saturation fluctuation, and a stable range of body dynamic pressure;

[0021] Steady-state physiological unit, used to obtain steady-state physiological data of newborns, including heart rate fluctuations, blood oxygen saturation and body pressure;

[0022] A steady-state period construction unit, used for constructing a steady-state period;

[0023] A transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the corresponding transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value of the newborn at each data collection moment, and obtain a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline value based on the multiple transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure values;

[0024] A transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the corresponding transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the newborn at each data collection moment, and obtain a transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline value based on the multiple transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure values;

[0025] The skin temperature baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the local skin temperature value of the newborn corresponding to each data collection moment, and obtain the local skin temperature baseline value based on the multiple local skin temperature values.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the steady-state period construction unit includes a steady-state confirmation unit, a steady-state start unit, an active state determination unit, a steady-state end unit, and a steady-state construction unit;

[0027] A stable state confirmation unit is used to determine that the newborn has entered a stable state when the obtained steady-state physiological data is consistent with the steady-state parameter data;

[0028] The steady-state start unit is used to obtain the time node of entering the steady state and mark it as the start time of the steady-state period;

[0029] An active state determination unit is configured to determine that the newborn has entered an active state when the steady-state physiological data does not conform to the steady-state parameter data after the newborn has entered a stable state;

[0030] The steady-state end unit is used to obtain the time node of entering the active state and mark it as the end time of the steady-state period;

[0031] The steady state construction unit is used to obtain a steady state period based on a start time and an end time.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition module further includes an oxygen partial pressure preset extraction unit, an oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference unit, and an oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio unit;

[0033] An oxygen partial pressure preset extraction unit is used to obtain a preset data collection time, obtain multiple preset collection moments based on the preset collection time, and obtain the corresponding neonatal transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at each preset collection moment;

[0034] An oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference unit is used to obtain a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference value based on the corresponding neonatal transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at each preset collection moment;

[0035] The oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio unit is used to obtain the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio based on the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference value and the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline value.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition module further includes a carbon dioxide partial pressure preset extraction unit, a carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference unit, and a carbon dioxide partial pressure reduction ratio unit;

[0037] A preset carbon dioxide partial pressure extraction unit is used to obtain a preset data collection time, obtain multiple preset collection moments based on the preset collection time, and obtain the corresponding transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the newborn at each preset collection moment;

[0038] A dynamic reference unit for partial carbon dioxide pressure is used to obtain a dynamic reference value of partial carbon dioxide pressure of the transcutaneous part based on the corresponding partial carbon dioxide pressure value of the neonate at each preset collection moment;

[0039] The carbon dioxide partial pressure decrease ratio unit is used to obtain the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio based on the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference value and the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline value.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the comprehensive risk module includes a scale score extraction unit, a temperature compensation unit, a comprehensive weight unit, and a comprehensive scoring unit;

[0041] A scale score extraction unit, used to obtain the scale score of the neonatal skin risk assessment scale;

[0042] a temperature compensation unit, configured to obtain a preset data collection duration, obtain a plurality of preset collection moments based on the preset collection duration, obtain a local skin temperature value of the newborn corresponding to each preset collection moment, and obtain temperature compensation in combination with a local skin temperature baseline value;

[0043] A comprehensive weight unit is used to obtain the comprehensive weights corresponding to the scale score, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio and temperature compensation, wherein the comprehensive weight includes the assessment weight, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure weight, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure weight and temperature weight;

[0044] The comprehensive scoring unit obtains a comprehensive risk score based on the scale score, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio, temperature compensation and comprehensive weight.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the comprehensive risk module further includes a risk determination unit, a skin damage unit, and an early warning matching unit;

[0046] A risk determination unit is used to determine whether the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold;

[0047] If the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold, the neonatal skin is judged to have pressure injury, and the comprehensive risk score is marked as the injury score;

[0048] If the combined risk score does not exceed the risk threshold, the neonatal skin pressure is judged to be normal;

[0049] A skin injury unit is used to obtain an injury grade table, wherein the injury grade table includes multiple injury score intervals and the skin injury grade corresponding to each injury score interval and the corresponding preliminary intervention plan;

[0050] The early warning matching unit is used to obtain the corresponding skin injury level and the corresponding preliminary intervention plan from the injury level table according to the injury score interval corresponding to the injury score, push the preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system for execution, and simultaneously generate monitoring curves and historical trends.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the intervention feedback module includes a verification start unit, a verification period construction unit, a test judgment unit, a threshold control unit, and an optimization unit;

[0052] The verification start unit is used to obtain the time node after the initial intervention plan is executed and mark it as the verification start time;

[0053] Construct a verification period unit to obtain the verification duration corresponding to the skin damage level and construct the verification period in combination with the verification start time;

[0054] The inspection and judgment unit is used to obtain the comprehensive risk score during the inspection period and mark it as the inspection risk score;

[0055] A threshold control unit is used to obtain a corresponding risk threshold according to a preliminary intervention plan and mark it as a risk intervention threshold;

[0056] The optimization unit is used to use the verification risk score as the comprehensive risk score, and return the risk intervention threshold as the risk threshold to the comprehensive risk assessment module to re-push the graded preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system.

[0057] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0058] The present invention generates personalized risk thresholds by integrating clinical data with multimodal physiological parameters, avoiding single risk judgments and improving the pertinence and accuracy of predictions. It only collects data during the physiological steady-state period, effectively reducing the noise caused by fluctuations in the disease or interference factors, and improving the stability and credibility of risk parameter calculations. The comprehensive risk assessment process is fully automatic. When the score exceeds the threshold, graded warnings and intervention push are immediately triggered, greatly shortening the response time from risk identification to intervention. Through the intervention feedback module, the intervention measures are verified in real time to achieve closed-loop management of risk discovery, intervention, verification, and optimization, reducing missed alarms and ineffective interventions. The system automatically generates monitoring curves and historical trends to help medical staff intuitively judge risk change trends and support long-term management and scientific research analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 This is a system module diagram provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0062] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in a preferred embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0063] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the schematic diagrams are only examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] Please see the attached Figure 1 As shown, a comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin injuries is provided, including a medical data interface module, a threshold generation module, a data acquisition module, a risk assessment module, and an intervention feedback module:

[0065] Medical data interface module, used to obtain neonatal clinical data and multimodal physiological parameters;

[0066] A threshold generation module is used to generate risk thresholds based on neonatal clinical data and multimodal physiological parameters;

[0067] A data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time monitoring data of target neonatal sites during the neonatal physiological steady-state period, and to obtain risk parameters based on the monitoring data. The target sites include the occiput, coccyx, and heel. The monitoring data include transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, and local skin temperature. The risk parameters include the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio and the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio.

[0068] The comprehensive risk assessment module is used to generate a comprehensive risk score based on risk parameters and compare the comprehensive risk score with the risk threshold. When the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold, it automatically generates skin damage grade information and pushes the graded preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system, while also generating monitoring curves and historical trends.

[0069] The intervention feedback module is used to re-obtain the comprehensive risk score within a preset period after the implementation of the initial intervention plan, and feed the risk score back to the comprehensive risk assessment module for iterative optimization of model parameters.

[0070] The medical data interface module establishes interfaces with the hospital information system (HIS), electronic medical record system (EMR), monitoring system and various physiological monitoring equipment to obtain the clinical data (such as age, weight, medical history, treatment plan) and multimodal physiological parameters (such as respiratory support mode, heart rate variability, etc.) of the newborn in real time. The threshold generation module calculates the personalized risk threshold based on the acquired clinical data and multimodal physiological parameters, which is used to determine the critical standard of skin damage risk. The data acquisition module starts when the system detects that the newborn is in physiological homeostasis (heart rate, blood oxygen, and body movement are all within a stable range). Dynamic target site monitoring, through the transcutaneous monitoring equipment to collect real-time transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcpO2), transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (TcpCO2) and local skin temperature values ​​of the occipital, coxa vella and heel parts, according to the collected steady-state data, calculate the risk parameters such as transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio and transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio, the comprehensive risk assessment module inputs the comprehensive assessment model according to the risk parameters, generates a comprehensive risk score, and compares the score with the risk threshold. If the score does not exceed the threshold, continue routine monitoring. If the score exceeds the threshold, automatically generate skin damage level information, and select the damage level table according to the level. The corresponding preliminary intervention plan is retrieved from the system and simultaneously pushed to the nursing workflow system. Real-time monitoring curves and historical trend charts are generated to support clinical tracking and decision-making. The intervention feedback module recollects monitoring data within a preset verification period after executing the preliminary intervention plan and calculates a new comprehensive risk score. This score is fed back to the comprehensive risk assessment module to judge the intervention effect. The feedback data is used for iterative optimization of model parameters to improve subsequent prediction accuracy. Clinical data is integrated with multimodal physiological parameters to generate personalized risk thresholds, avoiding single risk judgments and improving the targetedness and accuracy of predictions. Data is collected only during physiological steady-state periods, effectively reducing noise caused by disease fluctuations or interfering factors, and improving the stability and reliability of risk parameter calculations. The comprehensive risk assessment process is fully automated. When the score exceeds the threshold, a graded warning and intervention push are immediately triggered, significantly shortening the response time from risk identification to intervention. The intervention feedback module verifies the effectiveness of intervention measures in real time, achieving a closed-loop management of risk discovery, intervention, verification, and optimization, reducing missed warnings and ineffective interventions. The system automatically generates monitoring curves and historical trends to help medical staff intuitively judge risk trends and support long-term management and scientific research analysis.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the medical data interface module includes a neonatal electronic medical record system for extracting the neonatal age, weight, current respiratory support mode and heart rate variability.

[0072] The medical data interface module has a built-in data exchange interface with the neonatal electronic medical record (EMR) system. It communicates with the hospital information platform in real time via standardized data exchange protocols (such as HL7 and FHIR). The system automatically calls the interface to extract key information such as the neonatal age, weight, current respiratory support mode, and heart rate variability (HRV). Data extraction can be set to be triggered by a timer or event (such as medical record updates or changes in monitoring parameters) to ensure that the information obtained is up to date. The extracted data is synchronized to the system's central database and retained in a buffer for a certain period of time for subsequent calls to modules such as threshold generation and risk assessment. This module obtains individual basic information closely related to skin injury risk. Personalized risk thresholds can be set based on the physiological differences of different neonates to improve assessment accuracy. Key physiological parameters such as age (weeks since birth), weight (current weight), respiratory support mode (such as unsupported, nasal cannula, high flow, noninvasive support, mechanical ventilation), and heart rate variability (HRV, which reflects autonomic nervous system activity) are pulled in real time from the neonatal monitoring system or electronic medical record, forming a multi-dimensional data input, improving the model's adaptability to complex clinical situations.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the threshold generation module includes a breathing encoding unit, a reference unit, a weight unit and a threshold unit;

[0074] A breathing encoding unit, which obtains a corresponding breathing mode code value based on the current breathing support mode;

[0075] A benchmark unit is used to obtain benchmark parameters, wherein the benchmark parameters include a benchmark age, a benchmark weight, a benchmark breathing pattern code value, a benchmark heart rate variability, and a risk benchmark value;

[0076] A weight unit, used to obtain weight parameters, wherein the weight parameters include age weight, weight weight, breathing pattern weight and heart rate variability weight;

[0077] The threshold unit obtains the risk threshold based on age, weight, breathing pattern code value, heart rate variability, baseline parameters and weight parameters.

[0078] As mentioned above, the respiratory coding unit searches for the corresponding numerical code in the predefined mapping table according to the current respiratory support mode (for example: no support = 1, nasal cannula = 2, high flow = 3, non-invasive assistance = 4, mechanical ventilation = 5), and converts the qualitative mode into a quantifiable parameter. The benchmark unit obtains a set of "ideal" or "average" physiological benchmark values ​​from historical big data or clinical guidelines, namely, benchmark age (for example, 6 weeks), benchmark weight (for example, 5.2 kg), benchmark respiratory code (corresponding to no support = 1), benchmark heart rate variability (for example, SDNN is 140 ms), and risk benchmark value (the pressure injury risk reference value initially set by the system). These benchmark values ​​represent the reference level of neonatal skin pressure risk under normal circumstances. The weight unit loads four weight coefficients from historical big data or clinical guidelines, namely, age weight, weight, respiratory pattern weight, and heart rate variability weight. These can be obtained through expert scoring, regression model or machine learning method, and can also be adjusted on site. The threshold unit calculates the risk threshold based on age, weight, respiratory pattern code value, heart rate variability, benchmark parameters and weight parameters. The calculation formula of the risk threshold is: , where Expressed as the risk threshold, Expressed as age in weeks, It is represented as the base age, g is represented as the age weight, Expressed as weight, It represents the base weight, k represents the weight, Represented as breathing mode code value, It is represented as the reference breathing mode code value, b is represented as the breathing mode weight, Expressed as heart rate variability, It is represented as the baseline heart rate variability, h is represented as the heart rate variability weight, It is expressed as a risk baseline value. In this way, the original baseline value is dynamically adjusted according to individual physiological deviations to obtain the risk threshold that is most suitable for the newborn. The newborn's own developmental stage (age), physical differences (weight), degree of respiratory dependence and autonomic nervous function (HRV) are taken into account to avoid a unified threshold. According to the physiological characteristics of the newborn (such as weight, heart rate variability) and treatment status (such as mechanical ventilation parameters), the risk score threshold is dynamically adjusted to achieve a match between developmental stage, treatment intensity and risk threshold, significantly improving the accuracy of the early warning. At the same time, development (age), metabolism (weight), respiratory support intensity and autonomic nervous status are incorporated to fully reflect the newborn's susceptibility to pressure injury. As the child's physiological status (weight gain, weaning from the ventilator, HRV improvement) changes, the threshold unit is recalculated in real time to maintain the early warning system's high sensitivity to changes in patient status.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition module includes a monitoring unit, a steady-state parameter unit, a steady-state physiological unit, a steady-state period construction unit, a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline unit, a transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline unit, and a skin temperature baseline unit;

[0080] A monitoring unit is used to obtain real-time monitoring data of target parts of the newborn, where the target parts include the occiput, coccyx and heel, and the monitoring data include transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure and local skin temperature;

[0081] A steady-state parameter unit is used to obtain steady-state parameter data of the newborn, wherein the steady-state parameter data includes a stable range of heart rate fluctuation, a stable amplitude of blood oxygen saturation fluctuation, and a stable range of body dynamic pressure;

[0082] Steady-state physiological unit, used to obtain steady-state physiological data of newborns, including heart rate fluctuations, blood oxygen saturation and body pressure;

[0083] A steady-state period construction unit, used for constructing a steady-state period;

[0084] A transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the corresponding transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value of the newborn at each data collection moment, and obtain a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline value based on the multiple transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure values;

[0085] A transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the corresponding transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the newborn at each data collection moment, and obtain a transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline value based on the multiple transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure values;

[0086] The skin temperature baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the local skin temperature value of the newborn corresponding to each data collection moment, and obtain the local skin temperature baseline value based on the multiple local skin temperature values.

[0087] The monitoring unit, as described above, places sensors on the occipital region, coccyx, and heel of the newborn to collect transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcpO2), transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (TcpCO2), and local skin temperature in real time. The steady-state parameter unit pre-sets the newborn's physiological steady-state threshold range, heart rate fluctuation stability range (e.g., ±5 bpm), blood oxygen saturation fluctuation stability amplitude (e.g., ±2% SpO2), and body pressure stability range (data obtained through a pressure sensor, fluctuation range ±5F). These parameters are derived from clinical guidelines or individualized adjustments. The steady-state physiological unit obtains corresponding physiological data (heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, body pressure) in real time and compares the current physiological fluctuation value with the threshold of the steady-state parameter unit. The steady-state period construction unit constructs a steady-state period. The transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline unit collects TcpO2 data multiple times (e.g., once per second or once per minute) within the constructed steady-state period, calculates all TcpO2 values ​​during this period, and outputs a stable and reliable oxygen partial pressure baseline value. The transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline value calculation formula is: , where It represents the baseline value of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, i represents the number of multiple data collection moments in the steady-state period, i=1,2,3…n, It is expressed as the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at the i-th data collection moment in the steady-state period, the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline unit. Similarly, in the steady-state period, the TcpCO2 value is periodically collected, all the collected values ​​are calculated, and the TcpCO2 baseline value is output. The calculation formula of the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline value is , where It represents the baseline value of transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, i represents the number of multiple data collection moments in the steady-state period, i=1,2,3…n, It is expressed as the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value at the i-th data collection moment in the steady-state period, the skin temperature baseline unit, the local skin temperature is collected regularly during the steady-state period, the temperature readings in the same period are counted, and the temperature baseline value is generated. The calculation formula of the local skin temperature baseline value is , where It represents the local skin temperature baseline value, i represents the number of multiple data collection moments in the steady-state period, i=1,2,3…n, It is expressed as the local skin temperature value at the i-th data collection moment within the steady-state period. Based on the individually set steady-state parameters, it ensures that the baseline is generated only during the truly physiologically stable period, reducing misjudgments caused by physiological activity or short-term interference. The three points of occipital, coccyx and heel are collected simultaneously to cover the key areas of the newborn that are prone to pressure. The corresponding values ​​of each position are obtained separately, and pressure injuries can be judged separately.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the steady-state period construction unit includes a steady-state confirmation unit, a steady-state start unit, an active state determination unit, a steady-state end unit, and a steady-state construction unit;

[0089] A stable state confirmation unit is used to determine that the newborn has entered a stable state when the obtained steady-state physiological data is consistent with the steady-state parameter data;

[0090] The steady-state start unit is used to obtain the time node of entering the steady state and mark it as the start time of the steady-state period;

[0091] An active state determination unit is configured to determine that the newborn has entered an active state when the steady-state physiological data does not conform to the steady-state parameter data after the newborn has entered a stable state;

[0092] The steady-state end unit is used to obtain the time node of entering the active state and mark it as the end time of the steady-state period;

[0093] The steady state construction unit is used to obtain a steady state period based on a start time and an end time.

[0094] As mentioned above, the stable state confirmation unit continuously collects the physiological indicators of the newborn (heart rate fluctuation, blood oxygen saturation, body movement pressure), and compares them with the preset steady-state parameter thresholds in real time. When all indicators meet the conditions within the threshold range at the same time, the newborn is determined to have entered a stable state. The steady-state start unit, once the stable state confirmation unit sends a signal to enter the stable state, immediately records this moment as the steady-state start time, and starts to collect and cache physiological and skin monitoring data after this time point. The active state determination unit, after the start of the steady state, continuously monitors the same physiological indicators. If any indicator fluctuates beyond the preset steady-state threshold, the newborn is determined to have entered an active state, which means that the steady state is broken. The steady-state end unit, at the moment the active state determination unit determines that the state is active, records this moment as the steady-state end time. The period from the steady-state start time to the steady-state end time is a complete steady state. Period, a steady-state construction unit, calculates the duration of this steady-state period and compares it with the preset minimum steady-state duration. If the current period is less than the minimum steady-state duration, it will be discarded and resampled (wait for the next round of stable state to record again) until a sufficient steady-state duration is accumulated. The period is finally confirmed and output for baseline calculation. The entire process can be executed in a loop to ensure that the constructed steady-state period is both continuous and of sufficient length to provide high-quality data for subsequent baseline value statistics. The period is included only when all physiological indicators are within the steady-state threshold at the same time, and data noise caused by body movement, environmental interference or sudden physiological fluctuations is automatically excluded. Through strict requirements on the minimum steady-state duration, insufficient data is avoided due to short-term stability, and the sample size and statistical significance of subsequent baseline calculations are guaranteed. Only periods of true continuous stability are used for baseline extraction to reduce subsequent risk assessment misjudgments caused by baseline deviations.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition module further includes an oxygen partial pressure preset extraction unit, an oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference unit, and an oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio unit;

[0096] An oxygen partial pressure preset extraction unit is used to obtain a preset data collection time, obtain multiple preset collection moments based on the preset collection time, and obtain the corresponding neonatal transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at each preset collection moment;

[0097] An oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference unit is used to obtain a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference value based on the corresponding neonatal transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at each preset collection moment;

[0098] The oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio unit is used to obtain the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio based on the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference value and the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline value.

[0099] The oxygen partial pressure preset extraction unit sets a fixed data acquisition window (e.g., the past 5 minutes) based on clinical or equipment configuration. Within this window, a series of preset acquisition moments are generated at a constant frequency (e.g., every 30 seconds), and the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcpO2) value of the newborn is obtained at each moment. The oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference unit calculates the preset extracted multi-point TcpO2 readings to obtain a dynamic reference value that can reflect the current oxygenation level in real time. The calculation formula for the dynamic reference value of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure is: , where It represents the dynamic reference value of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, j represents the number of multiple preset collection moments within the preset collection time, j=1,2,3…m, It is expressed as the maximum value of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure within the preset acquisition time. It represents the minimum transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure within the preset acquisition time. It is expressed as the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at the jth preset acquisition time within the preset acquisition time. The oxygen partial pressure drop ratio unit compares the dynamic reference value with the TcpO2 baseline value previously constructed in the steady-state period to quantify the degree of decrease in the current transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure relative to the steady-state baseline. The larger the value, the more obvious the oxygenation decrease. The calculation formula of the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure drop ratio is: , where Expressed as the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, Expressed as the baseline value of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, It is expressed as a dynamic reference value of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure. Through multiple sampling within a short time window, it can timely capture the subtle downward trend of oxygen partial pressure and discover potential hypoxia risks in advance. The preset extraction and dynamic reference units are continuously circulated to ensure that the latest oxygen partial pressure trend can be obtained at any time to adapt to the rapid changes in the physiological state of the newborn.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition module further includes a carbon dioxide partial pressure preset extraction unit, a carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference unit, and a carbon dioxide partial pressure reduction ratio unit;

[0101] A preset carbon dioxide partial pressure extraction unit is used to obtain a preset data collection time, obtain multiple preset collection moments based on the preset collection time, and obtain the corresponding transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the newborn at each preset collection moment;

[0102] A dynamic reference unit for partial carbon dioxide pressure is used to obtain a dynamic reference value of partial carbon dioxide pressure of the transcutaneous part based on the corresponding partial carbon dioxide pressure value of the neonate at each preset collection moment;

[0103] The carbon dioxide partial pressure decrease ratio unit is used to obtain the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio based on the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference value and the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline value.

[0104] The carbon dioxide partial pressure preset extraction unit sets a fixed data collection window (e.g., the past 5 minutes) based on clinical or equipment configuration. Within this window, a series of preset collection moments are generated at a constant frequency (e.g., every 30 seconds), and the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (TcpCO2) value at the neonatal skin is obtained at each moment. The carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference unit calculates the preset extracted multi-point TcpCO2 readings to obtain a carbon dioxide dynamic reference value that can reflect the current carbon dioxide level in real time. The calculation formula for the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference value is: , where It represents the dynamic reference value of transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, j represents the number of multiple preset collection moments within the preset collection time, j=1,2,3…m, It is expressed as the maximum value of transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure within the preset acquisition time. It is expressed as the minimum transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure within the preset acquisition time. It is expressed as the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value at the jth preset collection time within the preset collection time. As new readings are added, the dynamic reference value is also updated to continuously reflect the current CO2 trend. The carbon dioxide partial pressure decrease ratio unit calculates the dynamic reference value and the TcpCO2 baseline value extracted during the steady-state period. The calculation formula for the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio is: , where Expressed as the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio, Expressed as baseline transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, It is expressed as a dynamic reference value of transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, which quantifies the degree of carbon dioxide retention or dissipation. If the value is negative, it means a decrease. By continuously monitoring TcpCO2 and calculating the change ratio, it can immediately detect the early stage of carbon dioxide retention (increase) or rapid dissipation (decrease), assist in respiratory management adjustment, preset extraction and dynamic reference unit continuous cycle update, to ensure that the system can provide the latest transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure trend at any time to adapt to the rapid changes in the respiratory status of the newborn.

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the comprehensive risk module includes a scale score extraction unit, a temperature compensation unit, a comprehensive weight unit, and a comprehensive scoring unit;

[0106] A scale score extraction unit, used to obtain the scale score of the neonatal skin risk assessment scale;

[0107] a temperature compensation unit, configured to obtain a preset data collection duration, obtain a plurality of preset collection moments based on the preset collection duration, obtain a local skin temperature value of the newborn corresponding to each preset collection moment, and obtain temperature compensation in combination with a local skin temperature baseline value;

[0108] A comprehensive weight unit is used to obtain the comprehensive weights corresponding to the scale score, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio and temperature compensation, wherein the comprehensive weight includes the assessment weight, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure weight, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure weight and temperature weight;

[0109] The comprehensive scoring unit obtains a comprehensive risk score based on the scale score, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio, temperature compensation and comprehensive weight.

[0110] The scale score extraction unit automatically reads the total score or each dimension score (such as skin integrity, moisture exposure, nutritional status, etc.) from the neonatal skin risk assessment scale filled out by the nursing staff. The score reflects the clinical subjective assessment result. The temperature compensation unit sets a fixed data collection window (such as the past 5 minutes) according to the clinical or equipment configuration. Within this window, a series of preset collection moments are generated at a constant frequency (such as every 30 seconds), and a local skin temperature reading of the neonatal skin is obtained at each moment. These real-time temperature values ​​are combined with the previous skin temperature baseline value to calculate the temperature compensation. The calculation formula for temperature compensation is: , where Indicates temperature compensation, j indicates the number of multiple preset collection moments within the preset collection time, j=1,2,3…m, It is represented as the local skin temperature value at the jth preset collection moment within the preset collection time. It is expressed as the local skin temperature baseline value, the comprehensive weight unit, the assessment weight, oxygen partial pressure weight, carbon dioxide weight and temperature weight corresponding to the scale score are obtained in advance or dynamically. It can be determined based on historical big data or expert scoring method, or it can be fine-tuned online based on individual factors (such as birth weight and respiratory support mode). The comprehensive scoring unit combines the scale score, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio, temperature compensation and comprehensive weight to calculate the comprehensive risk score, which intuitively reflects the current risk of neonatal skin pressure and injury. The calculation formula of the comprehensive risk score is: , where Expressed as a comprehensive risk score, Expressed as a scale score, Expressed as evaluation weight, Expressed as the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, Expressed as the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure weight, Expressed as the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio, Expressed as the transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide weight, Expressed as temperature compensation, Expressed as temperature weights, it retains the professional judgment of the clinical scale and combines the real-time dynamic changes of physiological signals to achieve human-machine collaboration and multi-dimensional risk assessment. The weight system is flexible and can be optimized online or offline according to the characteristics of different wards, the physical condition of children and nursing experience. It has strong adaptability and supports continuous iterative upgrades.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment, the comprehensive risk module further includes a risk determination unit, a skin damage unit, and an early warning matching unit;

[0112] A risk determination unit is used to determine whether the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold;

[0113] If the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold, the neonatal skin is judged to have pressure injury, and the comprehensive risk score is marked as the injury score;

[0114] If the combined risk score does not exceed the risk threshold, the neonatal skin pressure is judged to be normal;

[0115] A skin injury unit is used to obtain an injury grade table, wherein the injury grade table includes multiple injury score intervals and the skin injury grade corresponding to each injury score interval and the corresponding preliminary intervention plan;

[0116] The early warning matching unit is used to obtain the corresponding skin injury level and the corresponding preliminary intervention plan from the injury level table according to the injury score interval corresponding to the injury score, push the preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system for execution, and simultaneously generate monitoring curves and historical trends.

[0117] The above-mentioned risk determination unit reads the comprehensive risk score calculated by the comprehensive risk module and the individualized risk threshold generated by the physiological data module in real time. If the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold, it is determined that there is currently a "skin pressure injury risk" and the comprehensive risk score at this time is recorded as the injury score. Otherwise, it is determined that "skin pressure is normal" and no further alarm or intervention is required. The skin injury unit pre-loads or remotely updates an injury level table, which defines several risk intervals. Each interval corresponds to a skin injury level (such as level 1, level 2, and level 3) and a preliminary intervention plan (such as adjusting body position, increasing the frequency of turning over, using a local pressure relief pad, etc.). The grading table It can be formulated according to hospital standards or expert consensus, and supports continuous optimization based on experience. The early warning matching unit, after receiving the injury score, finds which interval it falls in the grading table, and generates corresponding levels of visual (red and yellow lights on the screen), auditory (alarm sound) and mobile push signals according to the corresponding interval. At the same time, it automatically sends the preliminary intervention plan corresponding to the level to the nursing terminal or ward nurse station, prompting nursing staff to execute it immediately, and synchronously generates monitoring curves and historical trends. According to the skin injury level, the corresponding graded preliminary intervention plan (such as body position adjustment, local decompression, temperature regulation, humidification protection, etc.) is matched from the intervention plan library and pushed to the workflow system (such as hospital nursing task) through the interface. The service management platform automatically assigns intervention tasks to corresponding nursing staff or teams, and draws time series curves based on real-time monitoring data (transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, skin temperature, etc.) to reflect the dynamic changes of the target site before and after the intervention. The curves can be viewed in real time on the workflow system or monitoring terminal, and historical data can be called to generate trend charts of the patient's risk score, skin injury level and intervention records according to the timeline. Historical trends are used to evaluate long-term care effects and skin status change patterns. Matching intervention measures are called according to the injury level to avoid a single plan and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the intervention. Real-time monitoring curves allow medical staff to intuitively understand changes in skin status. , which helps to evaluate the immediate effect of intervention. Historical trend records can reveal the occurrence pattern of skin damage, risk peak period and intervention effectiveness, and provide data basis for individualized care plans. Through the task push of the workflow system, it ensures that the intervention instructions enter the nursing execution link directly, improves the execution rate and traceability, shortens the time window from physiological changes to clinical response, and avoids delayed intervention to the greatest extent. Different risk levels correspond to measures of different intensities (such as turning over or using professional pressure relief pads), which avoids excessive intervention and prevents ignoring hidden risks. The injury grade table standardizes all risk intervals and intervention plans, reduces subjective deviations caused by individual experience differences, and ensures consistent care quality.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the intervention feedback module includes a verification start unit, a verification period construction unit, a test judgment unit, a threshold control unit, and an optimization unit;

[0119] A check start unit is configured to obtain a time node after the preliminary intervention scheme is executed and mark the time node as a check start time;

[0120] A check period construction unit is configured to obtain a check duration corresponding to the skin damage level and construct a check period in combination with the check start time;

[0121] A test judgment unit is configured to obtain a comprehensive risk score in the check period and mark the score as a check risk score;

[0122] A threshold regulation unit is configured to obtain a corresponding risk threshold according to the preliminary intervention scheme and mark the threshold as a risk intervention threshold;

[0123] An optimization unit is configured to return the check risk score as the comprehensive risk score and the risk intervention threshold as the risk threshold to the comprehensive risk assessment module to re-push the classified preliminary intervention scheme to the workflow system.

[0124] The above, the check start unit, after the early warning module issues and executes the intervention scheme (such as body position adjustment, use of decompression pad, etc.), immediately records the time as the check start time, ensures that the state monitoring window after the intervention takes effect is accurately aligned, is not disturbed by the previous non-intervention data, constructs a check period unit, according to the current skin damage level, obtains the corresponding check duration (for example: first level warning = 10 min, second level = 5 min, third level = 3 min) from the check duration mapping table built in the system, takes the check start time as the starting point, extends the duration backward, forms a continuous check period window, which is used to test the intervention effect, the test judgment unit, in the check period, continuously or periodically recalculates the comprehensive risk score, takes the latest check risk score in the period, according to the type of the executed preliminary intervention scheme, calls the corresponding risk intervention threshold (which may be more stringent or more relaxed compared with the original risk threshold, depending on the nature and target of the intervention) from the system, the threshold is used to compare with the check risk score to judge whether the intervention achieves the expected effect, the check risk score is taken as the new comprehensive risk score, and the risk intervention threshold is taken as the new risk threshold, and returns to the comprehensive risk assessment module, if the score still exceeds the threshold, the system will automatically push the classified preliminary intervention scheme to the workflow system again, forms a closed loop adjustment mechanism, and records the feedback data to the model training library for parameter optimization and iteration of the subsequent risk prediction model, not only can trigger intervention, but also can verify the intervention effect in a specified time window, realize the closed loop management process of intervention, verification and re-intervention, avoid measures from being formal, automatically match different check durations according to the skin damage level, ensure that the observation window is neither too short (affecting judgment) nor too long (delaying secondary intervention), improve the timeliness of clinical decision-making, the threshold used in the check stage can be adjusted according to the intervention type, so that the risk judgment standard matches the clinical target, reduces misjudgment and unnecessary intervention, feeds back the intervention effect to the model training data, gradually optimizes the sensitivity and specificity of risk prediction, so that the system becomes more and more accurate in long-term operation, through intervention verification and threshold control, reduces the risk of missed and false alarms caused by one-time evaluation, and improves the reliability of early warning of skin damage.

[0125] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered within the protection scope of the present application. The structures, devices and operation methods not specifically described and explained in the present application are implemented according to the conventional means in the art, unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage, characterized in that: It includes medical data interface module, threshold generation module, data acquisition module, risk assessment module and intervention feedback module; Medical data interface module, used to obtain neonatal clinical data and multimodal physiological parameters; A threshold generation module is used to generate risk thresholds based on neonatal clinical data and multimodal physiological parameters; A data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time monitoring data of target neonatal sites during the neonatal physiological steady-state period, and to obtain risk parameters based on the monitoring data. The target sites include the occiput, coccyx, and heel. The monitoring data include transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, and local skin temperature. The risk parameters include the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio and the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio. The comprehensive risk assessment module is used to generate a comprehensive risk score based on risk parameters and compare the comprehensive risk score with the risk threshold. When the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold, it automatically generates skin damage grade information and pushes the graded preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system, while also generating monitoring curves and historical trends. The intervention feedback module is used to re-obtain the comprehensive risk score within a preset period after the implementation of the initial intervention plan, and feed the risk score back to the comprehensive risk assessment module for iterative optimization of model parameters; The data acquisition module includes a monitoring unit, a steady-state parameter unit, a steady-state physiological unit, a steady-state period construction unit, a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline unit, a transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline unit, and a skin temperature baseline unit; A monitoring unit is used to obtain real-time monitoring data of target parts of the newborn, where the target parts include the occiput, coccyx and heel, and the monitoring data include transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure and local skin temperature; A steady-state parameter unit is used to obtain steady-state parameter data of the newborn, wherein the steady-state parameter data includes a stable range of heart rate fluctuation, a stable amplitude of blood oxygen saturation fluctuation, and a stable range of body dynamic pressure; Steady-state physiological unit, used to obtain steady-state physiological data of newborns, including heart rate fluctuations, blood oxygen saturation and body pressure; A steady-state period construction unit, used for constructing a steady-state period; A transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the corresponding transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value of the newborn at each data collection moment, and obtain a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline value based on the multiple transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure values; A transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the corresponding transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the newborn at each data collection moment, and obtain a transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline value based on the multiple transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure values; The skin temperature baseline unit is used to obtain multiple data collection moments in a steady-state period, obtain the local skin temperature value of the newborn corresponding to each data collection moment, and obtain the local skin temperature baseline value based on the multiple local skin temperature values.

2. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medical data interface module includes a neonatal electronic medical record system, which is used to extract the neonatal age, weight, current respiratory support mode and heart rate variability.

3. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The threshold generation module includes a breathing encoding unit, a reference unit, a weight unit and a threshold unit; A breathing encoding unit, which obtains a corresponding breathing mode code value based on the current breathing support mode; A benchmark unit is used to obtain benchmark parameters, wherein the benchmark parameters include a benchmark age, a benchmark weight, a benchmark breathing pattern code value, a benchmark heart rate variability, and a risk benchmark value; A weight unit, used to obtain weight parameters, wherein the weight parameters include age weight, weight weight, breathing pattern weight and heart rate variability weight; The threshold unit obtains the risk threshold based on age, weight, breathing pattern code value, heart rate variability, baseline parameters and weight parameters.

4. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steady-state period construction unit includes a steady-state confirmation unit, a steady-state start unit, an active state determination unit, a steady-state end unit, and a steady-state construction unit; A stable state confirmation unit is used to determine that the newborn has entered a stable state when the obtained steady-state physiological data is consistent with the steady-state parameter data; The steady-state start unit is used to obtain the time node of entering the steady state and mark it as the start time of the steady-state period; An active state determination unit is configured to determine that the newborn has entered an active state when the steady-state physiological data does not conform to the steady-state parameter data after the newborn has entered a stable state; The steady-state end unit is used to obtain the time node of entering the active state and mark it as the end time of the steady-state period; The steady-state construction unit is used to obtain a steady-state period based on a start time and an end time.

5. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module also includes an oxygen partial pressure preset extraction unit, an oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference unit, and an oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio unit; An oxygen partial pressure preset extraction unit is used to obtain a preset data collection time, obtain multiple preset collection moments based on the preset collection time, and obtain the corresponding neonatal transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at each preset collection moment; An oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference unit is used to obtain a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference value based on the corresponding neonatal transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure value at each preset collection moment; The oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio unit is used to obtain the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio based on the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure dynamic reference value and the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure baseline value.

6. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module also includes a carbon dioxide partial pressure preset extraction unit, a carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference unit, and a carbon dioxide partial pressure reduction ratio unit; A preset carbon dioxide partial pressure extraction unit is used to obtain a preset data collection time, obtain multiple preset collection moments based on the preset collection time, and obtain the corresponding transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the newborn at each preset collection moment; A dynamic reference unit for partial carbon dioxide pressure is used to obtain a dynamic reference value of partial carbon dioxide pressure of the transcutaneous part based on the corresponding partial carbon dioxide pressure value of the neonate at each preset collection moment; The carbon dioxide partial pressure decrease ratio unit is used to obtain the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio based on the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure dynamic reference value and the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure baseline value.

7. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The comprehensive risk module includes a scale score extraction unit, a temperature compensation unit, a comprehensive weight unit, and a comprehensive scoring unit; A scale score extraction unit, used to obtain the scale score of the neonatal skin risk assessment scale; a temperature compensation unit, configured to obtain a preset data collection duration, obtain a plurality of preset collection moments based on the preset collection duration, obtain a local skin temperature value of the newborn corresponding to each preset collection moment, and obtain temperature compensation in combination with a local skin temperature baseline value; A comprehensive weight unit is used to obtain the comprehensive weights corresponding to the scale score, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio and temperature compensation, wherein the comprehensive weight includes the assessment weight, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure weight, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure weight and temperature weight; The comprehensive scoring unit obtains a comprehensive risk score based on the scale score, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure decrease ratio, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure increase ratio, temperature compensation and comprehensive weight.

8. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The comprehensive risk module also includes a risk determination unit, a skin damage unit, and an early warning matching unit; A risk determination unit is used to determine whether the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold; If the comprehensive risk score exceeds the risk threshold, the neonatal skin is judged to have pressure injury, and the comprehensive risk score is marked as the injury score; If the combined risk score does not exceed the risk threshold, the neonatal skin pressure is judged to be normal; A skin injury unit is used to obtain an injury grade table, wherein the injury grade table includes multiple injury score intervals and the skin injury grade corresponding to each injury score interval and the corresponding preliminary intervention plan; The early warning matching unit is used to obtain the corresponding skin injury level and the corresponding preliminary intervention plan from the injury level table according to the injury score interval corresponding to the injury score, push the preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system for execution, and simultaneously generate monitoring curves and historical trends.

9. A comprehensive prevention and management system for neonatal skin damage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intervention feedback module includes a verification start unit, a verification period construction unit, a test judgment unit, a threshold control unit and an optimization unit; The verification start unit is used to obtain the time node after the initial intervention plan is executed and mark it as the verification start time; Construct a verification period unit to obtain the verification duration corresponding to the skin damage level and construct the verification period in combination with the verification start time; The inspection and judgment unit is used to obtain the comprehensive risk score during the inspection period and mark it as the inspection risk score; A threshold control unit is used to obtain a corresponding risk threshold according to a preliminary intervention plan and mark it as a risk intervention threshold; The optimization unit is used to use the verification risk score as the comprehensive risk score, and return the risk intervention threshold as the risk threshold to the comprehensive risk assessment module to re-push the graded preliminary intervention plan to the workflow system.

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