Perovskite solar cell post-processing device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell post-processing device and a use method thereof. The post-treatment device comprises a cavity, a heating layer, a first isolation layer, a second isolation layer, an air inlet, an air outlet, an extraction opening and an inflation pump. The heating layer is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, and the first isolation layer is arranged on the heating layer in the cavity; a to-be-post-processed perovskite solar cell is arranged on the first isolation layer, the second isolation layer is arranged on the perovskite solar cell, and a gap is formed between the second isolation layer and the top cover of the cavity to form an inflation cavity; the air inlet and the air outlet are formed in the two sides of the inflation cavity. The air inlet is connected with an inflator pump, the air outlet is provided with a valve, and the extraction opening is arranged on the side wall of the cavity at the height of the perovskite solar cell. Through uniform temperature rise of the heating layer and pressure regulation and control of the inflation chamber, grain growth and defect repair in the perovskite layer are promoted, non-radiative recombination centers are reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular relates to a perovskite solar cell post-processing device and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells, as a new generation of photovoltaic devices, have attracted widespread attention in academia and industry in recent years due to their advantages such as easy preparation of materials, excellent photoelectric performance and low manufacturing cost. Its core material, perovskite, is an organic-inorganic hybrid material with an ABX3 structure, where A is an organic cation (such as methylamine ion, MA + ), B is a metal cation (such as Pb 2+ ), X is a halogen anion (such as I - Compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells, perovskite solar cells not only offer higher light absorption efficiency and lower energy consumption for fabrication, but also allow their band structure to be regulated through chemical composition, demonstrating diverse application potential. However, despite achieving laboratory efficiencies exceeding 34%, numerous challenges remain limiting their commercialization.

[0003] During the fabrication process, perovskite layers are prone to lattice defects, such as vacancies, interstitial defects, and grain boundary defects. These defects can become non-radiative recombination centers, reducing carrier lifetime and mobility, thereby affecting photoelectric conversion efficiency. Defects also lead to ion migration, which in turn causes device performance degradation. Furthermore, the interfaces between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) often exhibit poor contact, voids, and chemical mismatches at the interface, which increase interfacial resistance and lead to interfacial recombination. Uneven distribution of residual solvents or impurities at the interface further exacerbates interfacial instability.

[0004] Annealing is a common treatment process used in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells to improve film quality and optimize device performance. However, while annealing can address defects and interface issues to a certain extent, it cannot completely eliminate these problems. Therefore, post-processing equipment is needed to further enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell post-processing device, comprising a cavity, a heating layer, a first isolation layer, a second isolation layer, an air inlet, an air outlet, an air extraction port, and an air pump. The heating layer is placed at the bottom of the cavity, and the first isolation layer is placed on the heating layer in the cavity; the perovskite solar cell to be post-processed is placed on the first isolation layer, and the second isolation layer is placed on the perovskite solar cell. A gap is provided between the second isolation layer and the top cover of the cavity to form an air-filled chamber; the air inlet is provided on one side of the air-filled chamber, and the air outlet is provided on the other side of the air-filled chamber; the air inlet is connected to the air pump, the air outlet is provided with a valve, and the air extraction port is provided on the side wall of the cavity at the height of the perovskite solar cell.

[0006] The present invention effectively solves the defects and interface problems in perovskite solar cells by comprehensively utilizing pressure control and temperature control. The gas-filled chamber, by applying moderate gas pressure, can exert a uniform external force on the perovskite material, thereby promoting the rearrangement of the crystal structure and repairing internal point defects and grain boundary defects. The effect of pressure can also optimize ion distribution and reduce performance degradation in the perovskite layer due to ion migration. At the same time, under the action of pressure, the contact between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer or hole transport layer becomes closer, voids and bubbles in the interface are eliminated, and the interface resistance is significantly reduced, thereby improving the carrier transport efficiency. In addition, the pressure control of the gas-filled chamber can also reduce the uneven stress distribution between layers, further enhancing the mechanical stability of the interface bonding. In addition, the heating layer promotes grain growth and reduces the number of grain boundaries by uniformly heat treating the perovskite material, thereby improving crystal quality and photoelectric performance. The increase in temperature can drive the volatilization of residual solvents and the decomposition of impurities, making the perovskite film denser and purer. At the same time, heat treatment can also enhance chemical reactions at the interface, forming a more stable interfacial bonding structure, thereby optimizing the adhesion and long-term stability of the interfacial layer. The combined effect of temperature and pressure further enhances this optimization effect. Pressure improves physical contact, while temperature strengthens chemical bonding, resulting in comprehensive improvements in both physical and chemical properties of the interface.

[0007] Furthermore, the size of the perovskite solar cell is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity. This allows for ample space between the cell and the cavity, allowing for free flow of gas within the cavity. During processing, residual solvents, volatiles, or other byproduct gases may be released from the perovskite material. These gases need to be quickly exhausted from the cavity to prevent redeposition on the perovskite surface or interface. Providing an unobstructed path for gas escape can more effectively maintain a pure atmosphere within the cavity, reducing secondary contamination of the perovskite film and interface by impurities. Furthermore, the timely removal of volatiles can reduce structural instability caused by residual substances within the material, promote crystal rearrangement and defect repair in the perovskite layer, and rapidly remove impurity gases, reducing impurity accumulation near grain boundaries and thereby reducing the density of grain boundary defects. Regarding interface issues, a good airflow environment within the cavity can help remove volatile residues from the interlayer interface, improve the chemical purity at the interface, and make the interface more adherent and contact more stable, thereby improving the electrical properties of the interface.

[0008] Furthermore, the first and second isolation layers are made of a thermally conductive elastic material. This material improves the efficiency of heat transfer from the heating layer to the perovskite solar cell. The thermally conductive elastic material evenly transfers heat generated by the heating layer to the perovskite layer, ensuring uniform heating of the perovskite solar cell during post-processing and effectively preventing local overheating or underheating. This uniform thermal environment promotes crystal rearrangement and grain growth within the perovskite layer, reducing the number of grain boundary defects and thus optimizing material performance. Furthermore, uniform heat conduction reduces the risk of perovskite material decomposition due to localized overheating, further extending the material's stability and service life. Furthermore, the thermally conductive elastic material has the ability to buffer thermal expansion stress. Furthermore, this material protects the perovskite layer from damage caused by mechanical vibration or pressure, and isolates the perovskite layer surface from contamination by volatiles or particle deposits within the cavity. Furthermore, the thermally conductive elastic material's rapid response to heat enables the perovskite layer to quickly reach the set temperature, significantly improving the efficiency of heat treatment. Its flexibility also allows the device to adapt to perovskite solar cells of different sizes and shapes, and it adheres well to the cell surface, ensuring uniform processing. In short, this material design not only effectively transfers heat, but also provides mechanical protection and environmental isolation for the perovskite solar cell, comprehensively improving the performance of the post-processing device and providing important support for improving the efficiency and extending the life of the perovskite solar cell.

[0009] Furthermore, the air entering through the air inlet is pre-cooled, creating a temperature gradient between the upper and lower layers of the perovskite solar cell. This temperature gradient drives ion redistribution within the perovskite material, promoting the repair of point defects and vacancy defects, thereby reducing non-radiative recombination centers within the crystal and significantly improving the material's photoelectric conversion efficiency. The temperature gradient also plays a significant role at the material interface. The higher temperature region stimulates chemical reactions between the interface layer and the perovskite layer, forming more stable chemical bonds, while the lower temperature region stabilizes the interface by relieving thermal stress and cooling, thereby enhancing adhesion and optimizing interlayer contact. Furthermore, the temperature gradient is crucial for improving carrier mobility. Through the thermal diffusion effect, the temperature difference drives directional carrier migration, promoting the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, reducing recombination, and improving photocurrent output efficiency. Importantly, the temperature gradient reduces the risk of material degradation during high-temperature processing. The protective effect of the cool air in the lower temperature region prevents overheating and decomposition of the perovskite layer, while also helping to evenly distribute thermal stress and prevent mechanical damage caused by localized overheating or uneven expansion. Finally, this temperature gradient design also improves the efficiency of post-processing. Through the synergistic effect of high-temperature excitation and low-temperature cooling, it accelerates the defect repair and interface optimization process and shortens the processing time. Therefore, forming a temperature gradient not only optimizes the performance of perovskite solar cells, but also enhances the stability of the material and the flexibility of the processing process, providing a strong guarantee for improving efficiency and lifespan.

[0010] Furthermore, the air pump performs pulsed inflation. The pressure changes caused by pulsed inflation can also induce weak mechanical stress inside the perovskite layer. This periodic pressure effect can promote ion migration and recombination inside the material, help repair crystal defects and reduce grain boundary recombination centers. In addition, this pressure fluctuation can also optimize the contact between functional layers, improve the interfacial contact quality between layers through physical compression, thereby reducing interface resistance, improving carrier transmission efficiency and overall photoelectric performance. Furthermore, when the air is pre-cooled, pulsed inflation also has unique advantages in the cooling effect. Compared with continuous airflow, pulsed airflow can enhance gas disturbances in the cavity, improve the heat transfer efficiency of the cooling air, and form a larger temperature gradient.

[0011] Furthermore, the edge of the second isolation layer is sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the cavity. This sealing design isolates direct gas exchange between the plenum chamber and the area where the perovskite solar cells are located, preventing the cooling gas or other gases from directly affecting the thermal treatment of the perovskite layer. During post-processing, the perovskite layer typically requires precise temperature control to repair crystal defects and promote grain growth. If the cooling gas directly enters the perovskite solar cell area, it may cause a rapid local temperature drop, disrupting the uniform thermal treatment environment, thereby reducing treatment efficiency and repair effectiveness. The sealing design maintains a stable thermal treatment environment for the perovskite layer, ensuring a more uniform temperature distribution, thereby improving the photoelectric performance of the material. In addition, this isolation structure helps prevent contamination of the perovskite layer by impurities or moisture in the cooling gas. In actual applications, the cooling gas may carry trace amounts of impurities or moisture. Direct contact with the perovskite layer can cause chemical instability at the interface or surface degradation. By separating the plenum chamber gas from the perovskite area, the risk of impurities entering the perovskite layer can be significantly reduced, preserving the purity and stability of the material.

[0012] Furthermore, the cavity is detachably connected to the perovskite solar cell. This detachable connection simplifies and simplifies the loading and unloading process of the perovskite solar cell. For perovskite solar cells that require delicate handling, reducing unnecessary squeezing or friction during operation can effectively reduce the risk of physical damage, especially protecting the surface integrity of the perovskite layer.

[0013] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for using a perovskite solar cell post-processing device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Open the top cover of the cavity, gently place the perovskite solar cell to be processed on the first isolation layer, cover the perovskite solar cell with the second isolation layer, and then close the top cover; Step 2: Start the heating layer and adjust the temperature of the perovskite solar cell by using the temperature measuring device and the heating layer adjustment device; Step 3: Close the air outlet valve, start the air pump, adjust the air pressure of the air chamber through the air outlet valve, and start the air extraction port to discharge the gas at the perovskite solar cell; Step 4: Turn off the heating layer; Step 5: Turn off the air pump; Step 6: Close the air extraction port.

[0014] This application sequentially shuts down each functional component (heating layer, air pump, and air extraction port) in a step-by-step manner, thus avoiding environmental disturbances that could be caused by sudden shutdowns. For example, directly shutting down the air pump or air extraction port could lead to unstable pressure within the chamber, causing unnecessary impact on the structure and interface of the perovskite layer. Gradual shutdown, on the other hand, ensures that the pressure and temperature within the chamber gradually return to a stable state, reducing stress on the perovskite layer and interface, thereby protecting the stability of the material. Furthermore, this shutdown sequence helps ensure that perovskite solar cells have higher performance stability after processing. Gradual cooling and voltage stabilization can reduce residual stress within the material, further stabilizing the crystal structure and interfacial bonding, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance and service life of the perovskite solar cell.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 3, the air pumped in by the inflation pump is pre-cooled.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 3, the inflation pump performs pulse inflation. Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The present invention promotes grain growth and defect repair within the perovskite layer by uniformly heating the heating layer and regulating the pressure of the gas-filled chamber, reducing non-radiative recombination centers and significantly improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. The sealed isolation layer design isolates pollution, ensures the purity of the processing environment, and further improves the crystallization quality and stability of the material.

[0017] (2) The present invention enhances the interfacial adhesion between the perovskite layer and the functional layer, eliminates interlayer gaps and stress concentration, optimizes interfacial chemical bonding and physical contact, reduces interface resistance, improves carrier transport performance, and ensures the long-term stability of the device through dynamic regulation of the gas pressure in the cavity.

[0018] (3) The controllable inflation and exhaust design of the present invention ensures that the processing environment gradually returns to a stable state, reduces thermal shock and mechanical damage, and prolongs the life of the equipment. The modular, detachable chamber design facilitates the loading, removal, and cleaning of perovskite solar cells, improving operational efficiency and the applicability of the device.

[0019] In view of the above beneficial effects, the present invention has good application prospects in the field of perovskite solar cell technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a post-processing device for perovskite solar cells.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Cavity; 2. Heating layer; 3. First isolation layer; 4. Perovskite solar cell; 5. Exhaust port; 6. Second isolation layer; 7. Inflatable chamber; 11. Top cover; 71. Air inlet; 72. Air outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0023] Example 1 The present invention provides a post-processing device for perovskite solar cells, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a cavity 1, a heating layer 2, a first isolation layer 3, a second isolation layer 6, an air inlet 71, an air outlet 72, an air extraction port 5, and an air pump.

[0024] Chamber 1 has an inner diameter of approximately 50 mm and a height of approximately 100 mm. It is made of stainless steel and treated with an anti-oxidation coating to enhance corrosion resistance. In the present invention, chamber 1 provides a closed post-processing environment, preventing the intrusion of external impurities while also performing airflow control and heat treatment functions. Heating layer 2 utilizes a ceramic-based PTC heating material with a positive temperature coefficient. The surface of heating layer 2 is coated with a thermally conductive silicone layer for uniform heat dissipation. Heating layer 2 has a diameter of approximately 48 mm and a thickness of approximately 2 mm, conforming to the bottom of chamber 1. Heating layer 2 provides a uniform and controllable heating environment, promoting grain growth and defect repair in the perovskite absorber layer. A first isolation layer 3 is placed within chamber 1 on heating layer 2. Made of highly thermally conductive silicone rubber and approximately 1 mm thick, this isolation layer 3 transfers heat from heating layer 2, evenly distributing the temperature and preventing mechanical stress on the perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell 4 to be post-processed is placed on this first isolation layer 3, its dimensions smaller than the inner diameter of chamber 1.

[0025] The present invention is applicable to various perovskite solar cells, such as organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, all-inorganic perovskite solar cells, two-dimensional / three-dimensional hybrid perovskite solar cells, multi-cation / multi-halogen perovskite solar cells, flexible perovskite solar cells, and tandem perovskite solar cells. For simplicity, a perovskite solar cell is a typical five-layer device, including a transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite absorber layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. The transparent conductive layer conducts electricity and serves as a light entrance window, the electron transport layer transports photogenerated electrons, the perovskite absorber layer absorbs light and generates charge, the hole transport layer transports photogenerated holes, and the metal electrode collects the charge. Typically, the dimensions of the perovskite solar cell 4 are 20 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm. The perovskite solar cell 4 is significantly smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity 1, ensuring uniform airflow and temperature distribution during post-processing.

[0026] At the perovskite solar cell 4, the cavity 1 is detachably connected. The exhaust port 5 is provided on the side wall of the cavity 1 at the height of the perovskite solar cell 4. The exhaust port 5 is used to discharge volatiles or residual gases to maintain the purity of the environment in the cavity 1. The second isolation layer 6 is placed on the perovskite solar cell 4, and the edge of the second isolation layer 6 is sealed and fixed on the inner wall of the cavity 1. The material of the second isolation layer 6 is a highly thermally conductive elastic polymer with a thickness of about 1.5 mm, which serves as the upper protective layer of the perovskite solar cell. The first isolation layer 3 is placed on the heating layer 2 in the cavity 1. The top cover 11 is made of quartz glass with a thickness of about 3 mm, which has high light transmittance and excellent thermal shock resistance. The processing process in the cavity 1 can be observed through the top cover 11.

[0027] There is a gap between the second isolation layer 6 and the top cover 11 of the cavity 1, and the gap width is about 5 mm, forming an air-filled chamber 7. The air inlet 71 is arranged on one side of the air-filled chamber 7, and the air outlet 72 is arranged on the other side of the air-filled chamber 7. The diameter of the air inlet 71 and the air outlet 72 is about 5 mm, and the material is high-temperature resistant stainless steel, and the surface is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. The air inlet 71 is connected to the air pump, and the air outlet 72 is provided with a valve. The air pump pumps gas into the air-filled chamber 7 to increase the air pressure in the air-filled chamber 7. By controlling the flow rate of the air pump and the flow rate of the valve, the air pressure in the air-filled chamber 7 is controlled, thereby optimizing the post-processing environment of the perovskite solar cell 4.

[0028] Preferably, air is rushed into the air inlet and the air is pre-cooled. The air pump injects the cooling gas into the air-filled chamber 7 through the air inlet 71. The cooling gas can be treated low-temperature air or inert gas, and the temperature is controlled at 10-15°C to provide a stable cooling environment. The air pressure in the air-filled chamber 7 is regulated by the injection of the air pump and the discharge of the air outlet 72. The continuous injection of the air inlet 71 increases the air pressure in the air-filled chamber 7, and the air outlet 72 adjusts the exhaust speed by opening and closing the valve to control the pressure in the air-filled chamber 7 to 20-50KPa. The cooling gas flows in the air-filled chamber 7, and forms a temperature gradient between the upper and lower layers of the perovskite solar cell through the temperature difference effect.

[0029] Preferably, the air pump performs pulsed inflation. In the pulsed working mode, the air pump periodically injects air, and the valve of the air outlet 72 is intermittently opened and closed to form pressure fluctuations, forming dynamic regulation and optimizing the material properties of the perovskite solar cell 4.

[0030] Example 2 Based on Example 1, the plenum chamber 7 is filled with a porous material with thermal conductivity and airflow permeability, such as metal foam or graphite foam, to enhance heat conduction and regulate gas flow, further reducing the temperature of the second insulation layer 6. Furthermore, the surface of the second insulation layer 6 is provided with high-thermal radiation particles, such as titanium dioxide particles and carbon nanotubes, which convert surface heat into far-infrared radiation and release it into the airflow of the plenum chamber 7, thereby reducing the temperature of the second insulation layer 6 and maintaining the cooling effect.

[0031] Example 3 Based on Example 2, a micro-ultrasonic vibrator is embedded in the bottom of the second isolation layer 6. This ultrasonic vibrator is close to the upper surface of the perovskite solar cell 4 and can apply micro-vibration waves with a frequency of 20-40 kHz during post-processing. Each ultrasonic vibrator has a diameter of 3-5 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. Multiple vibrators can be arranged in an array to evenly cover the cell surface. The micro-vibration is synchronously activated during the heat treatment stage, forming a slight mechanical excitation, which promotes the rearrangement of perovskite layer grains, repairs defects, and enhances interfacial adhesion, helping to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and device stability. The vibrator is made of piezoelectric ceramic material and encapsulated with a high-thermal-conductivity elastic packaging material, which is well thermally coupled with the isolation layer.

[0032] Example 4 On the basis of Example 3, in order to improve the adaptability of the device to batteries of different specifications and to enhance the consistency and safety of heat treatment, an adjustable internal tray assembly is provided on the first isolation layer 3. The tray includes a substrate tray, a limit frame, an adjustment knob and a buffer gasket. The limit frame is provided with a sliding track along the surface of the tray, which can move freely in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and its boundary position can be adjusted with the adjustment knob to adapt to perovskite solar cells 4 of different sizes. The buffer gasket is made of high-temperature elastic material and is used to cover the edge of the battery to prevent mechanical damage and displacement. The tray material is made of a high-thermal-conductivity ceramic composite to ensure that heat energy is evenly transferred to the bottom surface of the battery.

[0033] Example 5 On the basis of Example 4, the upper surface of the second isolation layer 6 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation microstructures for enhancing the heat exchange efficiency between it and the cold air in the plenum chamber 7. The microstructure is a miniature square columnar fin with a height of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm and a width of 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, with a spacing controlled within the range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, covering at least 70% of the upper surface of the second isolation layer. The structure is prepared by an integrated molding process with the second isolation layer 6, and the material is a thermally conductive elastic silicone or a graphite reinforced composite material. The presence of the microstructure significantly increases the heat exchange area between the cold air and the isolation layer, while guiding the airflow to disturb the boundary layer, forming turbulence and improving the heat transfer coefficient. This enhances the heat dissipation capacity of the upper layer during the plenum cooling process, maintains the temperature gradient inside and outside the second isolation layer 6, and is beneficial to the ion migration, defect repair and interface stability improvement of the perovskite layer.

[0034] Example 6 The present invention provides a method for using a perovskite solar cell post-processing device, which mainly includes six steps. To clearly illustrate the present invention, these six steps are described below: Step 1: Open the top cover of the cavity 1, gently place the perovskite solar cell 4 to be processed on the first isolation layer 3, cover the perovskite solar cell 4 with the second isolation layer 6, and then close the top cover.

[0035] In this step, the top cover 11 on the top of the cavity 1 is opened, and the perovskite solar cell to be processed is gently placed on the first isolation layer 3, with its center aligned with the center of the cavity 1. The first isolation layer 3 is made of a highly thermally conductive elastic material to ensure uniform heating of the cell while avoiding mechanical stress damage. Subsequently, the second isolation layer 6 is placed over the perovskite solar cell 4, and the edge of the second isolation layer 6 is sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the cavity 1 to form an independent gas-filled chamber 7. Ensure that the top cover 11 is properly reset and sealed to prevent external gas from entering the cavity 1.

[0036] Step 2: Start the heating layer 2 and adjust the temperature of the perovskite solar cell 4 through the temperature measuring device and the heating layer 2 adjustment device.

[0037] In this step, the heating layer 2 is activated, and the temperature inside the cavity 1 is monitored using a temperature measurement device. Simultaneously, the heating layer 2's adjustment device precisely controls the processing temperature of the perovskite solar cell 4. The temperature is set within the required range for optimizing the perovskite material 4 (e.g., 80°C to 100°C). The specific temperature depends on the type of perovskite material and its preparation requirements. During the heating process, the heating layer 2 evenly transfers heat to the perovskite solar cell 4. The thermal conductivity of the first and second isolation layers 3 and 6 ensures uniform heating of the material, promoting crystal rearrangement and grain growth.

[0038] Step 3: Close the air outlet valve, start the air pump, adjust the air pressure of the inflation chamber through the air outlet valve, and start the air extraction port to discharge the gas at the perovskite solar cell.

[0039] In this step, the valve at the air outlet 72 is closed, and the air pump is activated to inject pre-cooled air (controlled at a temperature of 10°C to 15°C) into the air chamber 7. This air is evenly distributed within the air chamber 7 through the air inlet 71, creating a dynamic cooling environment and preventing material decomposition due to overheating. The air pump uses pulsed inflation, periodically adjusting the airflow to create pressure fluctuations, optimizing the atmosphere and promoting ion migration and defect repair within the perovskite material. Simultaneously, the air exhaust 72 is activated to exhaust volatiles and impurity gases from the perovskite solar cell 4, maintaining the purity of the chamber. The air pressure is precisely adjusted by the valve at the air outlet 72, generally within a range of 20 kPa to 50 kPa.

[0040] Step 4: Turn off heating layer 2.

[0041] After the thermal treatment of the perovskite solar cell 4 is completed, the temperature of the heating layer 2 is gradually lowered and turned off when the treatment temperature reaches near room temperature. This prevents thermal stress caused by sudden cooling from damaging the perovskite layer or interface layer, while further stabilizing the crystal structure and interface bonding properties of the perovskite material.

[0042] Step 5: Turn off the air pump.

[0043] After the temperature and pressure inside the chamber 1 return to a stable state, the air pump is turned off and the air injection is stopped. At this point, the gas in the inflation chamber 7 has completed its task of dynamically protecting and cooling the perovskite layer, avoiding energy waste or environmental disturbances within the chamber caused by continued air injection.

[0044] Step 6: Close the air extraction port 5.

[0045] After the volatiles and impurities in chamber 1 are exhausted, the exhaust port 5 is closed, completely sealing chamber 1. At this point, the perovskite solar cell 4 has been processed, and a stable and pure environment has been created within chamber 1, creating ideal conditions for removing the cell. Finally, the top cover 11 on top of chamber 1 is opened, and the perovskite solar cell 4 is gently removed.

[0046] Furthermore, in step 3, the air pumped in by the inflation pump is pre-cooled. This cooling air can create a temperature gradient between the upper and lower layers of the perovskite solar cell, protecting the material from overheating while optimizing heat diffusion between the upper and lower interfaces, promoting carrier migration and improving the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cell.

[0047] In step 3, the air pump further pulses air. This periodic airflow and pressure change dynamically optimizes the atmosphere inside the chamber, preventing airflow stagnation. Pressure fluctuations also assist in defect repair and interface bonding.

[0048] In summary, the present invention provides an efficient perovskite solar cell post-processing device and its use method, which combines precise heating, dynamic atmosphere control and mechanical protection technology. Through the uniform heat treatment environment in the cavity 1, the temperature gradient formed by the pre-cooling airflow and the appropriate air pressure control, it effectively solves the problems of crystal defects, poor interface contact and insufficient stability in the preparation and use of the perovskite solar cell 4. The device has a compact structure and modular functions, forming a highly integrated post-processing platform, which significantly improves its photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability. Perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their low cost and high efficiency, but the stability of the materials and interface problems have always been the technical bottlenecks for their industrialization. The present invention effectively overcomes these problems by providing a comprehensive post-processing solution, laying a technical foundation for the large-scale production and application of perovskite solar cells.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A post-processing device for perovskite solar cells, characterized in that: It includes a cavity, a heating layer, a first isolation layer, a second isolation layer, an air inlet, an air outlet, an air extraction port, and an air pump. The heating layer is placed at the bottom of the cavity, the first isolation layer is placed on the heating layer in the cavity, the perovskite solar cell to be post-processed is placed on the first isolation layer, the second isolation layer is placed on the perovskite solar cell, and a gap is provided between the second isolation layer and the top cover of the cavity to form an air-filled chamber. The air inlet is provided on one side of the air-filled chamber, and the air outlet is provided on the other side of the air-filled chamber. The air inlet is connected to the air pump, the air outlet is provided with a valve, and the air extraction port is provided on the side wall of the cavity at the height where the perovskite solar cell is located.

2. The perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the perovskite solar cell is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity.

3. The perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The first isolation layer and the second isolation layer are made of thermally conductive elastic material.

4. The perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The air intake rushes in air, which is pre-cooled.

5. The perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The air pump performs pulse-type inflation.

6. The perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The edge of the second isolation layer is sealed and fixed on the inner wall of the cavity.

7. The perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 1, wherein: At the perovskite solar cell, the cavity is detachably connected.

8. The method for using the perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The steps include: Step 1: Open the top cover of the cavity, gently place the perovskite solar cell to be processed on the first isolation layer, cover the perovskite solar cell with the second isolation layer, and then close the top cover; Step 2: Start the heating layer and adjust the temperature of the perovskite solar cell by using the temperature measuring device and the heating layer adjustment device; Step 3: Close the air outlet valve, start the air pump, adjust the air pressure of the air chamber through the air outlet valve, and start the air extraction port to discharge the gas at the perovskite solar cell; Step 4: Turn off the heating layer; Step 5: Turn off the air pump; Step 6: Close the air extraction port.

9. The method for using the perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 8, wherein: In step 3, the air pumped in by the inflation pump is pre-cooled.

10. The method for using the perovskite solar cell post-processing device according to claim 9, wherein: In step 3, the air pump performs pulsed inflation.

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