Dynamic positioning reference unit configuration

Abstract

A positioning reference unit (PRU) may transmit a first set of sounding reference signals (SRSs) for a first wireless device to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of uplink (UL) positioning measurements. The PRU may receive a first set of positioning reference signals (PRS) from the first wireless device. The PRU may measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of downlink (DL) positioning measurements. The PRU may transmit a second set of PRSs for a second wireless device to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The PRU may receive a second set of SRSs from the second wireless device. The PRU may measure the second set of SRS to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements after receiving the second set of SRS from the second wireless device.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. non-provisional patent application serial number 18 / 169,824, entitled “DYNAMIC POSITIONING REFERENCE UNIT CONFIGURATIONS,” filed on February 15, 2023, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to wireless positioning systems. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continued mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary does not identify key or critical elements of all aspects, nor does it delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that will be presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a first wireless device. The apparatus may transmit a first set of sounding reference signals (SRSs) for a second wireless device to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of uplink (UL) positioning measurements. The apparatus may receive a first set of positioning reference signals (PRSs) from the second wireless device. The apparatus may measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of downlink (DL) positioning measurements. The apparatus may transmit a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The apparatus may receive a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. After receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, the apparatus may measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The first wireless device may include a first positioning reference unit (PRU). The second wireless device may include a network node or a second PRU. The third wireless device may include a user equipment (UE) or a third PRU.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a UE. The apparatus may transmit a first set of SRSs for a network node to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The apparatus may receive a first set of PRSs from the network node. The apparatus may measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The apparatus may transmit a second set of SRSs for a PRU to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The apparatus may receive a second set of PRSs from the PRU. After receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU, the apparatus may measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The network node may serve the UE.

[0009] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a network node. The apparatus may transmit a first set of PRSs for a UE to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The apparatus may receive a first set of SRSs from the UE. The apparatus may measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The apparatus may transmit a second set of PRSs for a PRU to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The apparatus may receive a second set of SRSs from the PRU. The apparatus may measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The apparatus may serve the UE.

[0010] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a network node. The apparatus may receive an NRPPa message from a PRU. The NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of UL positioning measurements of a set of SRSs received by the PRU. The apparatus may receive an LPPa message from the PRU. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of DL positioning measurements of a set of PRSs received by the PRU. The apparatus may perform positioning on a wireless device communicating with the PRU based on the first positioning report and the second positioning report. The apparatus may be a location management function (LMF).

[0011] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0013] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0018] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurement.

[0019] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) configured to communicate with a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), a UE, and a Location Management Function (LMF) regarding positioning signals.

[0020] Figure 6is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a group of UEs and a group of network nodes configured to perform positioning according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a group of UEs and a group of PRUs configured to perform positioning according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a set of network nodes and a set of PRUs configured to perform positioning according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 9 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0024] Figure 10 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0025] Figure 11 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0026] Figure 12 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0027] Figure 13 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0028] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.

[0029] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following description refers to certain specific examples for the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of the present disclosure. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. Some or all of the examples described may be implemented in a manner that is compatible with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, the IEEE 802.15 standard, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), or any other standard defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The described examples may be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in accordance with one or more of the Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR)) standards promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The described examples may be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals in accordance with one or more of the following technologies or techniques: code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), spatial division multiple access (SDMA), rate splitting multiple access (RSMA), multi-user shared access (MUSA), single-user (SU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and multi-user (MU) MIMO. The described examples may also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of a wireless personal area network (WPAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless wide area network (WWAN), a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), or an Internet of Things (IoT) network.

[0031] A user equipment (UE) can be configured to perform positioning with a network node, such as a transmit receive point (TRP) of a base station. The UE can send a set of sounding reference signals (SRS) to the network node for the network node to measure, and the network node can send a set of positioning reference signals (PRS) for the UE to measure. The measurements can be used to calculate the UE's position relative to one or more network nodes with known locations. For example, the UE can measure the round-trip time (RTT) between sending an SRS from the UE to a network node and sending a PRS from the network node back to the UE to calculate the distance between the UE and the network node. The UE can triangulate its position by calculating its distance from two or more network nodes with known locations.

[0032] A Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) can be configured to emulate a UE or network node when performing positioning, such that the PRU can act as a network node when communicating with a UE (e.g., by sending a set of PRSs to the UE and receiving / measuring a set of SRSs from the UE) and can act as a UE when communicating with a network node (e.g., by sending a set of SRSs to the network node and receiving / measuring a set of PRSs from the network node). The PRU can be used by a UE, network node, or other PRU to generate measurements and share positioning reports using multiple protocols to collect and share data for training positioning models, including calculating labels for training. A positioning model can be generated using artificial intelligence machine learning (AIML) using a set of inputs (e.g., PRS measurements or SRS measurements) and a set of labels. A label can be the expected result of a calculation associated with a set of inputs, such as the location of the wireless device or an intermediate measurement that can be used to calculate the location of the wireless device (e.g., timing measurements, angle measurements, loss of service (LOS) identification). The set of inputs and a set of labels can be used to generate and / or train a positioning model using AIML. The PRU can be configured to act as a UE fixed at a known location when performing positioning, as well as as a mobile network node fixed at a known location when performing positioning, to help enrich and diversify the training data for both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) inputs and labels used to train the positioning model. The training data can have features such as a radio frequency fingerprint (RFFP), which takes into account the location of the device (e.g., TRP or PRU) acting as a network node during positioning to provide more compressed positioning training data.

[0033] A first wireless device (e.g., a first PRU configured to emulate both a UE and a network node) may transmit a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device (e.g., a network node or a second PRU configured to emulate a network node) to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The first wireless device may receive the first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. The first wireless device may measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The first wireless device may transmit a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device (e.g., a UE or a third PRU configured to emulate a UE) to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The first wireless device may receive a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. After receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, the first wireless device may measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements.

[0034] Various aspects generally relate to exchanging positioning signals with wireless devices. Some aspects more specifically relate to supporting both SRS and PRS transmission by the wireless device and SRS and PRS reception by the wireless device. Some aspects more specifically relate to supporting the following operations: using Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) Annex (LPPa) messages to share positioning reports based on measuring multiple groups of SRS, and using New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol (NRPP) Annex (NRPPa) messages to share positioning reports based on measuring multiple groups of PRS. In some examples, the PRU can be configured to act as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN) node with a known location. In other examples, the PRU can be configured to support reporting using NRPPa messages as an NG-RAN node. In some examples, the PRU can be configured to act as a UE with a known location. In other examples, the PRU can be configured to support reporting using LPPa messages as a UE. Thus, the PRU can be configured to provide positioning data as a UE and / or base station with a known location, and high-accuracy data (e.g., a high-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device or a known location of a UE placed to provide positioning data) can be used to train a positioning model, such as an artificial intelligence machine learning (AIML) model.

[0035] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques may be used to collect training data for training positioning models by configuring the PRU to simulate a UE or network node when performing positioning. The PRU may be equipped with accurate sensors to obtain clean labels for accurate training. By enabling the PRU to support some NG-RAN node functionalities, such as sending multiple sets of PRS, receiving and measuring multiple sets of SRS, and / or sending SRS measurement data via NRPPa messages, the PRU may collect training data as a UE or network node and may have full control over the data on both sides involved in positioning. A chip may be embedded in a UE or TRP to upgrade the UE or TRP to have PRU functionality. Such a PRU may generate high-fidelity and diverse training data sets for positioning solutions. The high-fidelity and diverse training data may also be shared with other positioning solution providers to improve their training data.

[0036] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0037] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0038] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements, can be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic components, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0039] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0040] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by way of illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be produced in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be produced via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, devices that enable artificial intelligence (AI), etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be within the scope of chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the scope of aggregation, distribution or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) equipment or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment in conjunction with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for both analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, including chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, and the like.

[0041] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)) or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functions can be implemented in a converged or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0042] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0043] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (a network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0044] Figure 1 FIG1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as the F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0045] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0046] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 110 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface such as an E1 interface. As needed, the CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0047] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) based at least in part on a functional split (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the DU 130 may also host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0048] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, a RU 140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low PHY layer functionality (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, both real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane communications and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0049] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0050] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0051] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0052] At least one of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmissions from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmissions from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be over one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may utilize spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.) for each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation for a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0053] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be accomplished through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0054] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether the channel is available before communicating.

[0055] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0056] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). The frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FRI characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR 1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation to more than 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0057] With the above in mind, unless otherwise specified, if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0058] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0059] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP, a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, a converged (monolithic) base station having a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A collection of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or converged base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0060] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, Position Determination Entity (PDE), Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the location of the UE 104. Locating the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimates, and / or velocity calculations based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The measured signals may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0061] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional device. Some of UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart rate monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0062] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a positioning reference unit (PRU) component 198 that may be configured to transmit a first set of sounding reference signals (SRSs) for a second wireless device to measure to obtain a first set of uplink (UL) positioning measurements. The PRU component 198 may be configured to receive the first set of positioning reference signals (PRSs) from the second wireless device. The PRU component 198 may be configured to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of downlink (DL) positioning measurements. The PRU component 198 may be configured to transmit a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The PRU component 198 may be configured to receive a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. After receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, the PRU component 198 may be configured to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The UE 104 may be a positioning reference unit (PRU) with a known location. The second wireless device may include a network node (such as the base station 102) or a second PRU. The third wireless device may include a UE (such as a different UE 104) or a third PRU.

[0063] Reference again Figure 1In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a UE component 199 that may be configured to transmit a first set of SRSs for a network node (such as a base station 102) to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The UE component 199 may be configured to receive a first set of PRSs from the network node. The UE component 199 may be configured to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The UE component 199 may be configured to transmit a second set of SRSs for a PRU to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The UE component 199 may be configured to receive a second set of PRSs from the PRU. The UE component 199 may be configured to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements after receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU.

[0064] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include a PRU component 198 that may be configured to transmit a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device to measure to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The PRU component 198 may be configured to receive the first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. The PRU component 198 may be configured to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The PRU component 198 may be configured to transmit a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The PRU component 198 may be configured to receive a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. After receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, the PRU component 198 may be configured to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The base station 102 may be a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU). The base station 102 may be a mobile TRP with a known location. The second wireless device may include a network node (such as another base station 102) or a second PRU. The third wireless device may include a UE (such as UE 104) or a third PRU.

[0065] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, base station 102 may include a BS component 197 that may be configured to transmit a first set of PRSs for a UE (such as UE 104) to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. BS component 197 may be configured to receive a first set of SRSs from the UE. BS component 197 may be configured to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. BS component 197 may be configured to transmit a second set of PRSs for a PRU to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. BS component 197 may be configured to receive a second set of SRSs from the PRU. BS component 197 may be configured to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. Base station 102 may serve the UE.

[0066] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include a location management function (LMF) component 196 that may be configured to receive a New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol (NRPP) Annex (NRPPa) message from a PRU. The NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of UL positioning measurements for a set of SRSs received by the PRU. The LMF component 196 may be configured to receive a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) Annex (LPPa) message from the PRU. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of DL positioning measurements for a set of PRSs received by the PRU. The LMF component 196 may be configured to perform positioning for a wireless device communicating with the PRU based on the first positioning report and the second positioning report. The base station 102 may be an LMF, such as LMF 166. The PRU component 198 may enable a UE to perform positioning as both a UE and a base station, and may enable a base station to perform positioning as both a UE and a base station, and may communicate with a coordination server network node (such as an LMF) as both a UE and a base station, thereby diversifying positioning and training data for coordinating positioning measurements and configurations, which may be used to train or utilize a positioning model, for example, by using artificial intelligence machine learning (AIML) to generate and / or train a positioning model.

[0067] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A 、 Figure 2CIn the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. The other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format via the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0068] Figures 2A to 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) can be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a mini-time slot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on the DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). Symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0069]

[0070] Table 1: Parameter set, SCS and CP

[0071] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ 0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2μ*15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely correlated with the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0072] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also called a physical RB (PRB)) that extends over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0073] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RSs may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RSs may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0074] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs within an OFDM symbol of a RB. The PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). During a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on the CORESET, the UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space), where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0075] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit the DM-RS of the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the DM-RS of the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations. The UE may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the comb structures in the comb structure. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0076] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0077] Figure 3 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0078] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols are then separated into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier using a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0079] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to a controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0080] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0081] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0082] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0083] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0084] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0085] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to the PRU component 198.

[0086] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to UE component 199.

[0087] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to the PRU component 198.

[0088] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to BS component 197.

[0089] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to the LMF component 196.

[0090] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of positioning based on reference signal measurements. Wireless device 402 may be a UE, a base station, or a positioning reference unit (PRU). Wireless device 404 may be a UE, a base station, or a PRU. Wireless device 406 may be a UE, a base station, or a PRU. Wireless device 402 may be referred to as a positioning target wireless device, and the position of the positioning target wireless device may be calculated based on measurements of one or more reference signals. Wireless device 404 and wireless device 406 may be referred to as positioning neighboring wireless devices, and the positions of the positioning neighboring wireless devices may be known and used to calculate the position of wireless device 402. Wireless device 404 may be at time T SRS _ TX The SRS 412 is sent to the wireless device 406. The wireless device 404 may PRS _ RX A positioning reference signal (PRS) 410 is received from wireless device 406. SRS 412 may be a UL-SRS. PRS 410 may be a DL-PRS. In some aspects, wireless device 402 may be a TRP and wireless device 406 may be a TRP, both of which may be configured to transmit DL-PRS to wireless device 404. Wireless device 404 may be a UE configured to transmit UL-SRS to wireless device 402 and wireless device 406.

[0091] The wireless device 406 may be configured to receive a signal at time T SRS_RX SRS 412 is received from wireless device 404 and at time T PRS_TX The PRS 410 is sent to the wireless device 404. The wireless device 404 may receive the PRS 410 before sending the SRS 412. The wireless device 404 may send the SRS 412 before receiving the PRS 410. The wireless device 404 may send the SRS 412 in response to receiving the PRS 410. The wireless device 406 may send the PRS 410 in response to receiving the SRS 412. A positioning server (e.g., location server 168), the wireless device 404, or the wireless device 406 may determine the location of the wireless device 404 based on the || T SRS_RX -T PRS_TX |-|T SRS_TX -T PRS_RX || to determine the round trip time (RTT) 414. Multi-RTT positioning can utilize Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |T SRS_TX -T PRS_RX |) and PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (PRS-RSRP), and Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |T SRS_RX -T PRS_TX |) and SRS-RSRP. The wireless device 404 may use assistance data received from the positioning server, the wireless device 402, and / or the wireless device 406 to measure Rx-Tx time difference measurements and / or PRS-RSRP of the received signal. The wireless device 402 and the wireless device 406 may use assistance data received from the positioning server to measure Rx-Tx time difference measurements and / or SRS-RSRP of the received signal. These measurements may be used at the positioning server or the wireless device 404 to determine the RTT, which may be used to estimate the location of the wireless device 404. Other methods for determining the RTT are possible, such as, for example, using time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, such as DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0092] DL-AoD positioning can utilize the measured PRS-RSRP of signals transmitted from multiple wireless devices (such as wireless device 402 and wireless device 406) and received at wireless device 404. AoD positioning can also be referred to as DL-AoD positioning, where PRS is a DL signal. Wireless device 404 can use assistance data received from a positioning server to measure the PRS-RSRP of the received signals, and the resulting measurements can be used together with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD), the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information to locate wireless device 404 relative to neighboring wireless devices (such as wireless device 402 and wireless device 406) that transmit PRS.

[0093] DL-TDOA positioning may utilize DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) and / or PRS-RSRP of signals received at the wireless device 404 from multiple wireless devices, such as the wireless device 402 and the wireless device 406. The wireless device 404 may measure the RSTD and / or PRS-RSRP of the received PRS signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements may be used along with other configuration information to position the wireless device 404 relative to neighboring wireless devices transmitting PRSs, such as the wireless device 402 and the wireless device 406.

[0094] UL-TDOA positioning may utilize UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) and / or SRS-RSRP of signals transmitted from wireless device 404 at multiple wireless devices, such as wireless device 402 and wireless device 406. Wireless devices, such as wireless device 402 and wireless device 406, may measure RTOA and / or SRS-RSRP of received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurement results may be used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of wireless device 404.

[0095] UL-AoA positioning may utilize the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of a signal transmitted from wireless device 404 at multiple wireless devices, such as wireless device 402 and wireless device 406. Wireless device 402 and wireless device 406 may measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements may be used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of wireless device 404.

[0096] Additional positioning methods may be used to estimate the position of the wireless device 404, such as, for example, UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA at the wireless device 404. Note that data / measurements from various techniques may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / refine measurements, and / or replace / provide missing information.

[0097] While wireless device 404 may be configured to perform positioning with wireless device 402 and wireless device 406, and wireless device 402 and wireless device 406 may be configured to perform positioning with wireless device 404, such wireless devices may not be configured to perform positioning with other devices. For example, wireless device 404 may not be configured to perform positioning with other UEs, TRPs, and / or PRUs, and wireless device 402 and wireless device 406 may not be configured to perform positioning with other UEs, TRPs, and / or PRUs. Furthermore, for security reasons or to conserve bandwidth, wireless device 404, wireless device 402, and wireless device 406 may not be configured to share intermediate data or positioning model training labels with other entities. However, sharing such data may be useful for training positioning models. For example, PRS and SRS measurements (such as channel impulse response (CIR) measurements, relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurements, UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) measurements, DL angle of departure (DL-AoD) measurements, receive (Rx) transmit (Tx) (Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, line-of-sight (LOS) identification measurements, and / or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) identification measurements) may be used to train a positioning model to calculate a target position of a UE. LOS identification may include an indication that a LOS path exists between a transmit antenna of one wireless device and a receive antenna of another wireless device. NLOS identification may include an indication that a LOS path does not exist between a transmit antenna of one wireless device and a receive antenna of another wireless device. Such measurements may include hard measurements (such as absolute measurement values), or soft measurements such as probability measurements (e.g., the likelihood that a measurement will be a certain value, expressed as a percentage), variance measurements (e.g., the minimum estimated measurement value and the maximum estimated measurement value), and / or distribution measurements (e.g., representing a range of probabilities of values ​​within an interval between the minimum estimated measurement value and the maximum estimated measurement value). One or more of such measurements may be used to train a positioning model to calculate intermediate measurements (e.g., timing, angle, or LOS identification) that may be used to calculate the target position of the UE using non-AI methods (e.g., by using a Chans algorithm or a Kalman filter (KF) algorithm). The training data may include reference signal measurements, calculated labels (both clean and noisy, in some embodiments, with probabilities associated with the labels), and / or training data auxiliary information (e.g., bandwidth part (BWP), number of TRPs, beam information, PRS configuration, or SRS configuration).

[0098] Figure 55 is a diagram illustrating an example of a PRU 504 configured to communicate with a TRP 506, a UE 502, and an LMF 508 regarding positioning signals. The PRU 504 can be configured to emulate the UE when communicating with the TRP 506, and can be configured to emulate the TRP 506 when communicating with the UE 502. In other words, the PRU 504 can be configured to emulate the UE when performing positioning with the TRP 506 via signal 514, and can be configured to emulate the TRP when performing positioning with the UE 502 via signal 512. In other words, the PRU 504 can be configured to send a set of SRSs to the TRP 506, and can be configured to receive and measure a set of PRSs from the TRP 506. The PRU 504 can also be configured to send a set of PRSs to the UE 502, and can be configured to receive and measure a set of SRSs from the UE 502. UE 502 and TRP 506 may be configured to perform positioning with each other via signal 522. LMF 508 may be configured to coordinate positioning with the UE via signal 520, coordinate positioning with the PRU via signal 518, and coordinate positioning with the TRP via signal 516. UE 502 may be configured to share positioning reports with LMF 508 via the LPPa protocol. TRP may be configured to share positioning reports with LMF 508 via the NRPPa protocol. PRU 504 may be configured to share positioning reports with LMF 508 using either the LPPa protocol or the NRPPa protocol, as appropriate. For example, PRU 504 may be configured to share positioning reports based on SRS measurements with LMF 508 via the NRPPa protocol, and may be configured to share positioning reports based on PRS measurements with LMF 508 via the LPPa protocol.

[0099] Although one TRP, one PRU, and one UE are shown in diagram 500, in other aspects of the present disclosure, multiple TRPs, multiple PRUs, and / or multiple UEs may be configured to perform positioning with each other. For example, UE 502 may be configured to perform positioning with multiple TRPs and PRUs 504, multiple PRUs and TRPs 506, multiple TRPs and multiple PRUs, TRPs 506, PRUs 504, or both TRPs 506 and PRUs 504. In another example, TRP 506 may be configured to perform positioning with multiple UEs and PRUs 504, multiple PRUs and UE 502, multiple UEs and multiple PRUs, UE 502, PRUs 504, or both UE 502 and PRUs 504. In another example, the PRU 504 may be configured to perform positioning with multiple TRPs and the UE 502, perform positioning with multiple UEs and the TRP 506, perform positioning with multiple TRPs and multiple UEs, perform positioning with the UE 502, perform positioning with the TRP 506, or perform positioning with the UE 502 and the TRP 506. One or more of the aforementioned UEs may be a PRU configured to emulate the UE. The multiple UEs may include multiple UEs, multiple PRUs configured to emulate the UE, a UE and a PRU configured to emulate the UE, a UE and multiple PRUs configured to emulate the UE, or multiple UEs and a PRU configured to emulate the UE. One or more of the aforementioned TRPs may be a PRU configured to emulate the TRP. The plurality of TRPs may include a plurality of TRPs, a plurality of PRUs configured to emulate the TRPs, a TRP and a PRU configured to emulate the TRPs, a TRP and a plurality of PRUs configured to emulate the TRPs, or a plurality of TRPs and a PRU configured to emulate the TRPs.

[0100] Figure 6 6 is a connection flow diagram 600 illustrating an example of a group of UEs 602 and a group of network nodes 604 configured to perform positioning with each other. In some aspects, a network entity 606 may be configured to coordinate positioning between the group of UEs 602 and the group of network nodes 604. For example, the network entity 606 may be a positioning server or a location management function (LMF). In other aspects, a network node in the group of network nodes 604 may be configured to coordinate positioning between the group of UEs 602 and the group of network nodes 604. The coordinating network node in the group of network nodes 604 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 610 to the group of UEs 602. The group of UEs 602 may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 610.

[0101] The network entity 606 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 608 to the set of network nodes 604. The set of network nodes 604 may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 608. The network entity 606 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 612 to the set of UEs 602. The set of UEs may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 612 from the network entity 606. In other words, the network entity 606 may directly configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception at the set of UEs 602 and / or at the set of network nodes 604, respectively. In some aspects, the network entity 606 may configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception in response to obtaining appropriate confirmation from a network node (e.g., a network node coordinating positioning or a network node serving at least one UE in the set of UEs 602).

[0102] In some aspects, the network entity 606 may configure and request resources for positioning between the group of UEs 602 and the group of network nodes 604. The network entity 606 may request a network node (e.g., an existing gNB or NG-RAN node) in the group of network nodes 604 to configure gaps for the group of UEs 602 to transmit the group of SRSs 614 and / or for the group of network nodes 604 to transmit the group of PRSs 616. The network entity 606 may send the request as the group of PRS / SRS resource schedule 608, which may include an indication for the network node to directly configure UL and DL resource transmission and reception at the group of UEs 602. In some aspects, the indication may instruct the network node to directly configure UL and DL resource transmission and reception at other network nodes in the group of network nodes 604. The network node in the group of network nodes 604 may directly configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception, respectively, at the group of UEs 602 and / or, in some aspects, at other network nodes in the group of network nodes 604. The network node may send the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 610 to the set of UEs 602 .

[0103] The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 610 and / or the group PRS / SRS resource schedule 612 may indicate to the group of UEs 602 when the group of UEs 602 transmit the group of SRSs 614 to the group of network nodes 604. The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 610 and / or the group PRS / SRS resource schedule 612 may indicate to the group of UEs 602 when the group of UEs 602 receive the group of PRSs 616 for measurement from the group of network nodes 604. The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 608 may indicate to the group of network nodes 604 when the group of network nodes 604 transmit the group of PRSs 616 to the group of UEs 602. The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 608 may indicate to the group of network nodes 604 when the group of network nodes 604 receive the group of SRSs 614 for measurement from the group of UEs 602.

[0104] The set of UEs 602 may send the set of SRSs 614 to the set of network nodes 604. The set of network nodes 604 may receive the set of SRSs 614 from the set of UEs 602. At 620, the set of network nodes 604 may measure the set of SRSs 614 to obtain a set of UL positioning measurements. These UL positioning measurements may include, for example, hard or soft measurements of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements. In some aspects, a network node in the set of network nodes 604 may have one LOS component. Thus, identifying one LOS component may mean that other components are NLOS. In other aspects, a network node may report multiple paths and assign a LOS probability to each path based on the measurements. The set of network nodes 604 may send the set of PRSs 616 to the set of UEs 602. The group of UEs 602 may receive the set of PRSs 616 from the group of network nodes 604. At 618, the group of UEs 602 may measure the set of PRSs 616 to obtain a set of DL positioning measurements. These measurements may include, for example, hard or soft measurements of: (a) RSTD measurements, (b) RSRP measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) LOS identification measurements, (e) NLOS identification measurements, (f) RTOA measurements, or (g) DL-AoD measurements. In some aspects, a UE in the group of UEs 602 may have one LOS component. Thus, identifying one LOS component may imply that other components are NLOS. In other aspects, the network node may report multiple paths and assign an LOS probability to each path based on the measurements.

[0105] The set of network nodes 604 and the set of UEs 602 may share a set of measurement reports 621 with each other. For example, the set of UEs 602 may send the set of measurement reports 621 based on the measured set of PRSs measured at 618 to the set of network nodes 604. The set of measurement reports 621 may include one or more DL positioning measurements, such as hard or soft measurements of (a) RSTD measurements, (b) RSRP measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) LOS identification measurements, (e) NLOS identification measurements, (f) RTOA measurements, or (g) DL-AoD measurements. The set of network nodes 604 may receive the set of measurement reports 621 from the set of UEs 602. In another example, the set of network nodes 604 may send the set of measurement reports 621 based on the measured set of SRSs measured at 620 to the set of UEs 602. The set of measurement reports 621 may include one or more UL positioning measurements, such as hard or soft measurements of: (a) RTOA measurement, (b) UL-AoA measurement, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) RSTD measurement, (e) RSRP measurement, (f) LOS identification measurement, or (g) NLOS identification measurement. The UE 602 may receive the set of measurement reports 621 from the set of network nodes 604.

[0106] The set of network nodes 604 and the network entity 606 may share the set of measurement reports 622 with each other. For example, the set of network nodes 604 may send the set of measurement reports 622 based on the measured set of SRSs measured at 620 to the network entity 606. The network entity 606 may receive the set of measurement reports 622 from the set of network nodes 604. In another example, for example, as part of a multiple round trip time (multi-RTT) measurement, the network entity 606 may send the set of measurement reports 622 based on other measured SRSs from other network nodes to the set of network nodes 604. The set of network nodes 604 may receive the set of measurement reports 622 from the network entity 606. The set of measurement reports 622 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0107] The group of UEs 602 and the network entity 606 may share the set of measurement reports 624 with each other. For example, the group of UEs 602 may send the set of measurement reports 624 based on the measured set of PRSs measured at 618 to the network entity 606. The network entity 606 may receive the set of measurement reports 624 from the group of UEs 602. In another example, for example, as part of a multiple round trip time (multi-RTT) measurement, the network entity 606 may send the set of measurement reports 624 based on other measured PRSs from other UEs to the group of UEs 602. The group of UEs 602 may receive the set of measurement reports 624 from the network entity 606. The set of measurement reports 624 may be shared using LPPa messages.

[0108] At 626, the group of UEs 602 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 624 and the set of PRSs measured at 618. The group of UEs 602 may share the positioning reports generated at 626 with the network entity 606 as positioning reports 634. The group of positioning reports 634 may be shared using LPPa messages.

[0109] At 628, the set of network nodes 604 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 622 and the set of SRSs measured at 620. The set of network nodes 604 may share the positioning reports generated at 628 with the network entity 606 as positioning reports 632. The set of positioning reports 632 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0110] At 630, the network entity 606 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 622, the set of measurement reports 624, and any other positioning reports that the network entity 606 may receive from other wireless devices. The network entity 606 may share the positioning reports it generated at 630 with the set of network nodes 604 as positioning reports 632, and / or may share the positioning reports it generated at 630 with the set of UEs 602 as positioning reports 634. The set of positioning reports 634 may be shared using LPPa messages. The set of positioning reports 632 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0111] Figure 7 FIG7 is a connection flow diagram 700 illustrating an example of a group of UEs 702 and a group of PRUs 704 configured to perform positioning with each other. In some aspects, the PRUs may be implemented by UEs with known locations. In some aspects, the PRUs may be implemented by mobile TRPs with known locations. In some aspects, the group of UEs 702 may include PRUs configured to emulate UEs during positioning. The group of UEs 702 and / or a network entity 706 may know the location of the group of PRUs 704 or any PRU in the group of UEs 702. In some aspects, the PRUs may calculate their locations using positioning or using other positioning methods (e.g., GNSS positioning or by traveling to a known location at a pre-scheduled time) and may send their locations to the network entity 706, which may update the PRUs' locations to other wireless devices, such as the group of UEs 702. In other aspects, the PRUs may broadcast their calculated locations to other wireless devices, such as the group of UEs 702. In other aspects, the network entity 706 may perform positioning of the PRU and may then update the location of the PRU to other wireless devices, such as the group of UEs 702 .

[0112] In some aspects, the network entity 706 may be configured to coordinate positioning between the group of UEs 702 and the group of PRUs 704. For example, the network entity 706 may be a positioning server or a location management function (LMF). In other aspects, a PRU in the group of PRUs 704 may be configured to coordinate positioning between the group of UEs 702 and the group of PRUs 704. The coordinating PRU in the group of PRUs 704 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 710 to the group of UEs 702. The group of UEs 702 may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 710.

[0113] The network entity 706 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 708 to the set of PRUs 704. The set of PRUs 704 may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 708. In other words, the network entity 706 may directly configure the transmission and reception of DL and UL resources, respectively, at the set of PRUs 704. In some aspects, the network entity 706 may configure the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 708 in response to obtaining appropriate confirmation with the NG-RAN node serving the PRUs in the set of PRUs 704 (e.g., via NRPPa configuration with the PRUs). The network entity 706 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 712 to the set of UEs 702. The set of UEs may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 712 from the network entity 706. In other words, the network entity 706 may directly configure the transmission and reception of DL and UL resources, respectively, at the set of UEs 702 and / or at the set of PRUs 704. In some aspects, the network entity 706 may configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception in response to obtaining appropriate confirmation from a network node (eg, a network node coordinating positioning or a network node serving at least one UE in the group of UEs 702).

[0114] In some aspects, the network entity 706 may configure and request resources for positioning between the group of UEs 702 and the group of PRUs 704. The network entity 706 may request a network node (e.g., an existing gNB or NG-RAN node) in the group of PRUs 704 to configure gaps for the group of UEs 702 to transmit the group of SRSs 714 and / or for the group of PRUs 704 to transmit the group of PRSs 716. The network entity 706 may send the request as the group of PRS / SRS resource schedule 708, which may include an indication for the network node to directly configure UL and DL resource transmission and reception at the group of UEs 702. In some aspects, the indication may instruct the network node to directly configure UL and DL resource transmission and reception at other PRUs in the group of PRUs 704 that are configured to emulate the network node. The network node in the set of PRUs 704 may directly configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception, respectively, at the set of UEs 702 and / or at other PRUs in the set of PRUs 704 that, in some aspects, are configured to emulate a network node. The network node may be an NG-RAN node serving other PRUs in the set of PRUs 704. The network node may directly configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception, respectively, at the set of PRUs 704 via RRC configuration with the set of PRUs 704. The network node may send the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 710 to the set of UEs 702.

[0115] The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 710 and / or the group PRS / SRS resource schedule 712 may indicate to the group UEs 702 when the group UEs 702 transmit the group SRS 714 to the group PRUs 704. The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 710 and / or the group PRS / SRS resource schedule 712 may indicate to the group UEs 702 when the group UEs 702 receive the group PRS 716 for measurement from the group PRUs 704. The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 708 may indicate to the group PRUs 704 when the group PRUs 704 transmit the group PRS 716 to the group UEs 702. The group PRS / SRS resource schedule 708 may indicate to the group PRUs 704 when the group PRUs 704 receive the group SRS 714 from the group UEs 702 for measurement.

[0116] In some aspects, the network entity 706 may configure gaps for the group of PRUs 704 to transmit PRS resources (such as the group of PRSs 716) and / or receive SRS resources (such as the group of SRSs 714). In some aspects, the network entity 706 may request another network node (e.g., an existing gNB, an NG-RAN node serving one of the PRUs in the group of PRUs 704) to configure gaps for at least one PRU in the group of PRUs 704 to transmit PRS resources and / or receive SRS resources. The other network node may directly configure the DL and UL resource transmission and reception, respectively, at the PRU (e.g., via RRC configuration with the PRU), or the network entity 706 may directly configure the DL and UL resource transmission and reception, respectively, at the PRU after obtaining appropriate confirmation from the other network node (e.g., via NRPPa configuration with the PRU).

[0117] The set of UEs 702 may send the set of SRSs 714 to the set of PRUs 704. The set of PRUs 704 may receive the set of SRSs 714 from the set of UEs 702. At 720, the set of PRUs 704 may measure the set of SRSs 714 to obtain a set of UL positioning measurements. Each PRU in the set of PRUs 704, which may include one or more PRUs, may perform UL positioning measurements based on the set of SRSs 714 from the set of UEs 702. The set of PRUs 704 may receive the set of SRSs 714 to measure UL positioning measurements. These UL positioning measurements may include, for example, hard or soft measurements of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements. In some aspects, the network nodes in the set of PRUs 704 may have a LOS component. Thus, identifying one LOS component may imply that other components are NLOS.In other aspects, a network node may report multiple paths and assign a LOS probability to each path based on measurements.

[0118] The set of PRUs 704 may transmit the set of PRSs 716 to the set of UEs 702. The set of UEs 702 may receive the set of PRSs 716 from the set of PRUs 704. This enables the set of UEs 702, which may include one or more PRUs, to measure DL positioning measurements. At 718, the set of UEs 702 may measure the set of PRSs 716 to obtain a set of DL positioning measurements. These measurements may include, for example, hard or soft measurements of: (a) RSTD measurements, (b) RSRP measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) LOS identification measurements, (e) NLOS identification measurements, (f) RTOA measurements, or (g) DL-AoD measurements. In some aspects, a UE in the set of UEs 702 may have one LOS component. Thus, identifying one LOS component may imply that other components are NLOS. In other aspects, the network node may report multiple paths and assign an LOS probability to each path based on the measurements.

[0119] The group of PRUs 704 and the group of UEs 702 may share a set of measurement reports 721 with each other. For example, the group of UEs 702 may send the set of measurement reports 721 based on the measured set of PRSs measured at 718 to the group of PRUs 704. The set of measurement reports 721 may include one or more DL positioning measurements, such as hard or soft measurements of (a) RSTD measurements, (b) RSRP measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) LOS identification measurements, (e) NLOS identification measurements, (f) RTOA measurements, or (g) DL-AoD measurements. The group of PRUs 704 may receive the set of measurement reports 721 from the group of UEs 702. In another example, the group of PRUs 704 may send the set of measurement reports 721 based on the measured set of SRSs measured at 720 to the group of UEs 702. The set of measurement reports 721 may include one or more UL positioning measurements, such as hard or soft measurements of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements. The set of UEs 702 may receive the set of measurement reports 721 from the set of PRUs 704. Any UE in the set of UEs 702 may use the measurements reported at the known locations of the set of PRUs 704 to determine and / or enhance signatures for training a positioning model.

[0120] The set of PRUs 704 and the network entity 706 may share the set of measurement reports 722 with each other. For example, the set of PRUs 704 may send the set of measurement reports 722 based on the measured set of SRSs measured at 720 to the network entity 706. The set of PRUs 704 may send the set of measurement reports 722 in an NRPPa message by emulating an NG-RAN node. The network entity 706 may receive the set of measurement reports 722 from the set of PRUs 704. The network entity 706 may use the measurements reported at the known locations of the set of PRUs 704 to determine and / or enhance labels for training a positioning model. In another example, for example, as part of a multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) measurement, the network entity 706 may send the set of measurement reports 722 based on other measured SRSs from other network nodes to the set of PRUs 704. The set of PRUs 704 may receive the set of measurement reports 722 from the network entity 706. The set of measurement reports 722 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0121] The group of UEs 702 and the network entity 706 may share the set of measurement reports 724 with each other. For example, the group of UEs 702 may send the set of measurement reports 724 based on the measured set of PRSs measured at 718 to the network entity 706. The network entity 706 may receive the set of measurement reports 724 from the group of UEs 702. In another example, for example, as part of a multiple round trip time (multi-RTT) measurement, the network entity 706 may send the set of measurement reports 724 based on other measured PRSs from other UEs to the group of UEs 702. The group of UEs 702 may receive the set of measurement reports 724 from the network entity 706. The set of measurement reports 724 may be shared using LPPa messages.

[0122] At 726, the group of UEs 702 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 724 and the set of PRSs measured at 718. The group of UEs 702 may share the positioning reports generated at 726 with the network entity 706 as positioning reports 734. The group of positioning reports 734 may be shared using LPPa messages.

[0123] At 728, the set of PRUs 704 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 722 and the set of SRSs measured at 720. The set of PRUs 704 may perform NG-RAN positioning methods, such as calculating the position of any UE in the set of UEs 702 based on a set of measured UL-TDoA, a set of measured UL-AoA, or a set of multi-RTTs. The set of PRUs 704 may share the positioning report generated at 728 with the network entity 706 as a positioning report 732. The set of PRUs 704 may send the set of positioning reports 732 in an NRPPa message by emulating an NG-RAN node. The network entity 706 may treat the set of PRUs 704 as a set of NG-RAN nodes with known locations.

[0124] At 730, the network entity 706 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 722, the set of measurement reports 724, and any other positioning reports that the network entity 706 may receive from other wireless devices. The network entity 706 may share the positioning report generated at 730 with the set of PRUs 704 as positioning report 732 and / or may share the positioning report generated at 730 with the set of UEs 702 as positioning report 734. The set of positioning reports 734 may be shared using LPPa messages. The set of positioning reports 732 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0125] Figure 8 FIG8 is a connection flow diagram 800 illustrating an example of a set of PRUs 802 and a set of network nodes 804 configured to perform positioning with each other. In some aspects, the PRUs may be implemented by UEs with known locations. In some aspects, the PRUs may be implemented by mobile TRPs with known locations. In some aspects, the set of network nodes 804 may include a PRU configured to emulate a network node during positioning. The set of network nodes 804 and / or the network entity 706 may know the location of the set of PRUs 802 or any PRU in the set of network nodes 804. In some aspects, the PRUs may calculate their locations using positioning or using other positioning methods (e.g., GNSS positioning or by traveling to a known location at a pre-scheduled time) and may send their locations to the network entity 806, which may update the PRU's location to other wireless devices (such as the set of network nodes 804). In other aspects, the network entity 806 may perform positioning on the PRU and then update the PRU's location to other wireless devices (such as the set of network nodes 804).

[0126] In some aspects, the network entity 806 can be configured to coordinate positioning between the set of PRUs 802 and the set of network nodes 804. For example, the network entity 806 can be a positioning server or can be a location management function (LMF). In other aspects, a network node in the set of network nodes 804 can be configured to coordinate positioning between the set of PRUs 802 and the set of network nodes 804. The coordinating network node in the set of network nodes 804 can send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 810 to the set of PRUs 802. The set of PRUs 802 can receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 810.

[0127] The network entity 806 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 808 to the set of network nodes 804. The set of network nodes 804 may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 808. The network entity 806 may send a set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 812 to the set of PRUs 802. The set of UEs may receive the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 812 from the network entity 806. In other words, the network entity 806 may directly configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception at the set of PRUs 802 and / or at the set of network nodes 804, respectively. In some aspects, the network entity 806 may configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception in response to obtaining appropriate confirmation from a network node (e.g., a network node coordinating positioning or a network node serving at least one PRU in the set of PRUs 802).

[0128] In some aspects, the network entity 806 may configure and request resources for positioning between the set of PRUs 802 and the set of network nodes 804. The network entity 806 may request a network node (e.g., an existing gNB or NG-RAN node) in the set of network nodes 804 to configure gaps for the set of SRSs 814 to be transmitted by the set of PRUs 802 and / or for the set of PRSs 816 to be transmitted by the set of network nodes 804. The network entity 806 may send the request as the set of PRS / SRS resource schedule 808, which may include an indication for the network node to directly configure UL and DL resource transmission and reception at the set of PRUs 802. In some aspects, the indication may instruct the network node to directly configure UL and DL resource transmission and reception at other network nodes in the set of network nodes 804. The network node in the set of network nodes 804 may directly configure DL and UL resource transmission and reception, respectively, at the set of PRUs 802 and / or, in some aspects, at other network nodes in the set of network nodes 804. The network node may send the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 810 to the set of PRUs 802 .

[0129] The set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 810 and / or the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 812 may indicate to the set of PRUs 802 when the set of PRUs 802 transmit the set of SRSs 814 to the set of network nodes 804. The set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 810 and / or the set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 812 may indicate to the set of PRUs 802 when the set of PRUs 802 receive the set of PRSs 816 for measurement from the set of network nodes 804. The set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 808 may indicate to the set of network nodes 804 when the set of network nodes 804 transmit the set of PRSs 816 to the set of PRUs 802. The set of PRS / SRS resource schedules 808 may indicate to the set of network nodes 804 when the set of network nodes 804 receive the set of SRSs 814 for measurement from the set of PRUs 802.

[0130] In some aspects, the network entity 806 may configure gaps for the group of PRUs 802 to transmit SRS resources (such as the group of SRSs 814) and / or receive PRS resources (such as the group of PRSs 816). In some aspects, the network entity 806 may request another network node (e.g., an existing gNB, an NG-RAN node serving one of the PRUs in the group of PRUs 802, or one of the network nodes 804 serving one of the PRUs in the group of PRUs 802) to configure gaps for at least one PRU in the group of PRUs 802 to transmit SRS resources and / or receive PRS resources. The other network node may directly configure the transmission and reception of DL and UL resources, respectively, at the PRU (e.g., via RRC configuration with the PRU), or the network entity 806 may directly configure the transmission and reception of DL and UL resources, respectively, at the PRU after obtaining appropriate confirmation from the other network node (e.g., via NRPPa configuration or LPPa configuration with the PRU).

[0131] The set of PRUs 802 may send the set of SRSs 814 to the set of network nodes 804. The set of network nodes 804 may receive the set of SRSs 814 from the set of PRUs 802. This enables the set of network nodes 804 (such as TRPs) to measure UL positioning measurements. At 820, the set of network nodes 804 may measure the set of SRSs 814 to obtain a set of UL positioning measurements. The set of network nodes 804 may perform UL positioning measurements based on the set of SRSs 814 received from the set of PRUs 802. These UL positioning measurements may include, for example, hard or soft measurements of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements. In some aspects, a network node in the set of network nodes 804 may have a LOS component. Thus, identifying one LOS component may imply that other components are NLOS.In other aspects, a network node may report multiple paths and assign a LOS probability to each path based on measurements.

[0132] The set of network nodes 804 may send the set of PRSs 816 to the set of PRUs 802. The set of PRUs 802 may receive the set of PRSs 816 from the set of network nodes 804. At 818, the set of PRUs 802 may measure the set of PRSs 816 to obtain a set of DL positioning measurements. The set of PRUs 802 may perform DL positioning measurements based on the set of PRSs 816 received from the set of network nodes 804, which may include one or more PRUs. These DL positioning measurements may include, for example, hard or soft measurements of: (a) RSTD measurements, (b) RSRP measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) LOS identification measurements, (e) NLOS identification measurements, (f) RTOA measurements, or (g) DL-AoD measurements. In some aspects, a UE in the set of PRUs 802 may have one LOS component. Thus, identifying one LOS component may imply that the other components are NLOS. In other aspects, a network node may report multiple paths and assign a LOS probability to each path based on measurements.

[0133] The set of network nodes 804 and the set of PRUs 802 may share a set of measurement reports 821 with each other. For example, the set of PRUs 802 may send the set of measurement reports 821 based on the measured set of PRSs measured at 818 to the set of network nodes 804. In other words, the set of PRUs 802 may report DL positioning measurements to the set of network nodes 804 as the set of measurement reports 821. The set of measurement reports 821 may include one or more DL positioning measurements, such as hard or soft measurements of: (a) RSTD measurements, (b) RSRP measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) LOS identification measurements, (e) NLOS identification measurements, (f) RTOA measurements, or (g) DL-AoD measurements. The set of network nodes 804 may receive the set of measurement reports 821 from the set of PRUs 802. Any network node in the set of network nodes 804 can use measurements reported at known locations of the set of PRUs 802 to determine and / or enhance labels for training a positioning model. In another example, the set of network nodes 804 can send the set of measurement reports 821 based on the measured set of SRSs measured at 820 to the set of PRUs 802. The set of measurement reports 821 can include one or more UL positioning measurements, such as hard or soft measurements of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements. The PRU 802 can receive the set of measurement reports 821 from the set of network nodes 804.

[0134] The set of network nodes 804 and the network entity 806 may share the set of measurement reports 822 with each other. For example, the set of network nodes 804 may send the set of measurement reports 822 based on the measured set of SRSs measured at 820 to the network entity 806. The network entity 806 may receive the set of measurement reports 822 from the set of network nodes 804. In another example, for example, as part of a multiple round trip time (multi-RTT) measurement, the network entity 806 may send the set of measurement reports 822 based on other measured SRSs from other network nodes to the set of network nodes 804. The set of network nodes 804 may receive the set of measurement reports 822 from the network entity 806. The set of measurement reports 822 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0135] The set of PRUs 802 and the network entity 806 may share the set of measurement reports 824 with each other. For example, the set of PRUs 802 may send the set of measurement reports 824 to the network entity 806 based on the measured set of PRSs measured at 818. In other words, the set of PRUs 802 may report DL positioning measurements to the network entity 806 as the set of measurement reports 824. The network entity 806 may receive the set of measurement reports 824 from the set of PRUs 802. The network entity 806 may use the measurements reported at the known locations of the set of PRUs 802 to determine and / or enhance labels for training a positioning model. In another example, the network entity 806 may send the set of measurement reports 824 to the set of PRUs 802 based on other measured PRSs from other UEs, e.g., as part of a multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) measurement. The set of PRUs 802 may receive the set of measurement reports 824 from the network entity 806. LPPa messages may be used to share the set of measurement reports 824. The network entity 706 may view the set of PRUs 802 as a set of UEs with known locations.

[0136] At 826, the set of PRUs 802 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 824 and the set of PRSs measured at 818. The set of PRUs 802 may share the positioning report generated at 826 with the network entity 806 as a positioning report 834. The set of positioning reports 834 may be shared using LPPa messages.

[0137] At 828, the set of network nodes 804 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 822 and the set of SRSs measured at 820. The set of network nodes 804 may share the positioning reports generated at 828 with the network entity 806 as positioning reports 832. The set of positioning reports 832 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0138] At 830, the network entity 806 may perform positioning based on the set of measurement reports 822, the set of measurement reports 824, and any other positioning reports that the network entity 806 may receive from other wireless devices. The network entity 806 may share the positioning reports generated at 830 with the set of network nodes 804 as positioning reports 832, and / or may share the positioning reports generated at 830 with the set of PRUs 802 as positioning reports 834. The set of positioning reports 834 may be shared using LPPa messages. The set of positioning reports 832 may be shared using NRPPa messages.

[0139] Figure 9900 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a first wireless device (e.g., UE 104; UE 350, UE 502; wireless device 402, wireless device 404, wireless device 406; the group of UEs 602, the group of UEs 702; apparatus 1304; base station 102, base station 310; TRP 506; the group of network nodes 604, the group of network nodes 804; network entity 1302, network entity 1402, network entity 1560; PRU 504; the group of PRUs 704, the group of PRUs 802). At 902, the first wireless device may send a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. For example, 902 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the two can send a first set of SRSs for the second wireless device to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. In addition, 902 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0140] At 904, the first wireless device may receive a first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. For example, 904 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the embodiment of the present invention is executed, and both of them can receive the first set of PRS from the second wireless device. In addition, 904 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0141] At 906, the first wireless device may measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. For example, 906 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The first set of PRSs may be measured by the PRU 802 in the first embodiment to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0142] At 908, the first wireless device may send a second set of PRSs for the third wireless device to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. Figure 7The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the two can send a second set of PRSs for the third wireless device to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. In addition, 908 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0143] At 910, the first wireless device may receive a second set of SRS from the third wireless device. For example, 910 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group is executed, and both can receive a second group of SRS from the third wireless device. In addition, 910 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0144] At 912, the first wireless device may measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements after receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the embodiment of the present invention is executed, and both of them can measure the second set of SRS to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements after receiving the second set of SRS from the third wireless device. In addition, 912 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0145] Figure 10 1000 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; UE 350, UE 502; the group of UEs 602, the group of UEs 702; apparatus 1304; wireless device 404; PRU 504; the group of PRUs 704, the group of PRUs 802). At 1002, the UE may transmit a first set of SRSs for a network node to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. For example, 1002 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the two can send a first set of SRSs for the network node to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. In addition, 1002 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0146] At 1004, the UE may receive a first set of PRSs from the network node. For example, 1004 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the network node may receive a first set of PRSs from the network node. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0147] At 1006, the UE may measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. For example, 1006 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The first set of PRSs may be measured by the PRU 802 in the first embodiment to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0148] At 1008, the UE may send a second set of SRSs for the PRU to measure to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. For example, 1008 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group can send a second set of SRSs for the PRU to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. In addition, 1008 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0149] At 1010, the UE may receive a second set of PRSs from the PRU. For example, 1010 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group is executed, and both can receive a second group of PRS from the PRU. In addition, 1010 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0150] At 1012, the UE may measure the second set of PRSs after receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. For example, 1012 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the PRU may measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements after receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0151] Figure 11 1100 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network node (e.g., base station 102, base station 310; TRP 506; the group of network nodes 604, the group of network nodes 804; network entity 606, network entity 706, network entity 806; network entity 1302, network entity 1402, network entity 1560; wireless device 402, wireless device 406; PRU 504; the group of PRUs 704, the group of PRUs 802). At 1102, the network node may send a first set of PRSs for a UE to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. For example, 1102 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU802 in the group is executed, and the two can send a first set of PRSs for the UE to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. In addition, 1102 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0152] At 1104, the network node may receive a first set of SRS from the UE. For example, 1104 may be performed by Figure 7 The group of UE 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group is executed, both of which can receive the first group of SRS from the UE. In addition, 1104 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0153] At 1106, the network node may measure the first set of SRS to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. For example, 1106 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The first set of SRSs may be measured by the PRU 802 in the first embodiment to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0154] At 1108, the network node may send a second set of PRSs for the PRU to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. For example, 1108 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the two can send a second set of PRSs for the PRU to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. In addition, 1108 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0155] At 1110, the network node may receive a second set of SRS from the PRU. For example, 1110 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group is executed, and both can receive a second group of SRS from the PRU. In addition, 1110 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0156] At 1112, the network node may measure the second set of SRS to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. For example, 1112 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group can measure the second group of SRS to obtain a second group of UL positioning measurements. In addition, 1112 can be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0157] Figure 121200 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a first wireless device (e.g., base station 102, base station 310; wireless device 402, wireless device 406; TRP 506; network node 604, the group of network nodes 804; network entity 606, network entity 706, network entity 806; network entity 1302, network entity 1402, network entity 1560; PRU 504; the group of PRUs 704, the group of PRUs 802; LMF 166; one or more location servers 168). At 1202, the network node may receive an NRPPa message from a PRU, wherein the NRPPa message may include a first positioning report of a set of UL positioning measurements based on a set of SRSs received by the PRU. For example, 1202 may be performed by Figure 7 The PRU 704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group may receive an NRPPa message from the PRU, wherein the NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of UL positioning measurements of a set of SRSs received by the PRU. In addition, 1202 may be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0158] At 1204, the network node may receive an LPPa message from the PRU, wherein the LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of DL positioning measurements of a set of PRSs received by the PRU. Figure 7 The PRU704 or Figure 8 The PRU 802 in the group of PRUs may receive an LPPa message from the PRU, wherein the LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of DL positioning measurements of a set of PRSs received by the PRU. In addition, 1204 may be performed by Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 Component 198 in is executed.

[0159] Figure 1313 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1304. The apparatus 1304 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1304 may include a cellular baseband processor 1324 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1322 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1324 may include on-chip memory 1324′. In some aspects, the apparatus 1304 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1320 and an application processor 1306 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1308 and a screen 1310. The application processor 1306 may include on-chip memory 1306′. In some aspects, the device 1304 may also include a Bluetooth module 1312, a WLAN module 1314, an SPS module 1316 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1318 (e.g., a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1326, a power source 1330, and / or a camera 1332. The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize an antenna 1380 for communication. The cellular baseband processor 1324 communicates with the UE 104 and / or RUs associated with the network entity 1302 via the transceiver 1322 via one or more antennas 1380. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1324', 1306', respectively. The additional memory module 1326 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1324', 1306', 1326 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306, this software enables the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1304 may be a processor chip (modem and / or applications) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the application processor 1306, and in another configuration, the device 1304 may be the entire UE (e.g., see ). Figure 3 UE 350) and includes additional modules of device 1304.

[0160] As discussed above, component 198 may be configured to transmit a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device to measure to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Component 198 may be configured to receive a first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Component 198 may be configured to transmit a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. Component 198 may be configured to receive a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to measure the second set of SRSs after receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may be a PRU with a known location. The second wireless device may include a network node (such as network entity 1302) or a second PRU. The third wireless device may include a UE (such as a different apparatus (e.g., similar to apparatus 1304)) or a third PRU. Component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1324, the application processor 1306, or both. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, apparatus 1304 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, apparatus 1304 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or application processor 1306) may include means for transmitting a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device to measure to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may also include means for receiving a first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. Apparatus 1304 may also include means for measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for transmitting a second set of PRSs for measurement by a third wireless device to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. Apparatus 1304 may include means for, after receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, measuring the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements.The measurements in the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) absolute measurements, (b) probability measurements, (c) variance measurements, or (d) distribution measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving at least one third set of UL positioning measurements from a fourth wireless device. Apparatus 1304 may include means for calculating the position of the third wireless device based on the second set of UL positioning measurements and the at least one third set of UL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for sending an NRPPa message to a LMF. The NRPPa message may include a positioning report based on the second set of UL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for sending an LPPa message to the LMF. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on the first set of DL positioning measurements. The positioning report may include an indication of the location of the first wireless device. Apparatus 1304 may include means for sending an indication of the location of the first wireless device to the third wireless device. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving a resource schedule for receiving the first set of PRSs from the second wireless device, transmitting the first set of SRSs to the second wireless device, receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, or transmitting the second set of PRSs to the third wireless device. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving the resource schedule from the second wireless device. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving an RRC message including the resource schedule. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving the resource schedule from a LMF. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving an NRPPa configuration including the resource schedule from the LMF. The first set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) an RSTD measurement, (b) an RSRP measurement, (c) an Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) a LOS identification measurement, (e) a NLOS identification measurement, (f) an RTOA measurement, or (g) a DL-AoD measurement. At least one measurement in the first set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) an absolute measurement value, (b) a probability measurement value, (c) a variance measurement value, or (d) a distribution measurement value. Apparatus 1304 may include means for transmitting a positioning report based on the first set of PRSs to an LMF using an LPPa message. The first wireless device may include a first PRU. The second wireless device may include a network node or a second PRU. The third wireless device may include a UE or a third PRU. The first PRU may include a second UE or a second network node. The second UE or the second network node may be at a fixed location when transmitting the second set of PRSs or when receiving the second set of SRSs.A means may be a component 198 of the apparatus 1304 configured to perform the functions recited by that means. As described above, the apparatus 1304 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, a means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by that means.

[0161] As discussed above, component 199 can be configured to transmit a first set of SRSs for the network node to measure to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Component 199 can be configured to receive a first set of PRSs from the network node. Component 199 can be configured to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Component 199 can be configured to transmit a second set of SRSs for the PRU to measure to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. Component 199 can be configured to receive a second set of PRSs from the PRU. Component 199 can be configured to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements after receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU. Component 199 can be within the cellular baseband processor 1324, the application processor 1306, or both the cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, apparatus 1304 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, apparatus 1304 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or application processor 1306) may include means for transmitting a first set of SRSs for a network node to measure to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving a first set of PRSs from the network node. Apparatus 1304 may include means for measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for transmitting a second set of SRSs for a PRU to measure to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. Apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving a second set of PRSs from the PRU. The apparatus 1304 may include means for, after receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU, measuring the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The first set of DL positioning measurements or the second set of DL positioning measurements may include: (a) an RSTD measurement, (b) an RSRP measurement, (c) an Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) a LOS identification measurement, (e) a NLOS identification measurement, (f) an RTOA measurement, or (g) a DL-AoD measurement. At least one of the first set of DL positioning measurements or the second set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) an absolute measurement, (b) a probability measurement, (c) a variance measurement, or (d) a distribution measurement. The apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving, from the PRU, an indication of the location of the PRU.The apparatus 1304 may include means for calculating the position of the UE based on the indication of the position of the PRU and the second set of DL positioning measurements. The apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving a positioning report based on the second set of UL positioning measurements from the PRU. The apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving the positioning report by receiving an NRPPa message. The NRPPa message may include the positioning report. The apparatus 1304 may include means for receiving an indication of the position of the PRU from the PRU. The apparatus 1304 may include means for calculating the position of the UE based on the indication of the position of the PRU and the positioning report. The apparatus 1304 may include means for training a positioning model based on the positioning report. The means may be component 199 of the apparatus 1304 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 1304 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, a component may be the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by that component.

[0162] Figure 14FIG1400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1402. The network entity 1402 may be a base station (BS), a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1402 may include at least one of a CU 1410, a DU 1430, or a RU 1440. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component 199, the network entity 1402 may include: a CU 1410; both the CU 1410 and the DU 1430; each of the CU 1410, the DU 1430, and the RU 1440; the DU 1430; both the DU 1430 and the RU 1440; or the RU 1440. The CU 1410 may include a CU processor 1412. The CU processor 1412 may include on-chip memory 1412′. In some aspects, the CU 1410 may also include an additional memory module 1414 and a communication interface 1418. The CU 1410 communicates with the DU 1430 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 1430 may include a DU processor 1432. The DU processor 1432 may include on-chip memory 1432′. In some aspects, the DU 1430 may also include an additional memory module 1434 and a communication interface 1438. The DU 1430 communicates with the RU 1440 via a fronthaul link. The RU 1440 may include a RU processor 1442. The RU processor 1442 may include on-chip memory 1442′. In some aspects, the RU 1440 may also include an additional memory module 1444, one or more transceivers 1446, an antenna 1480, and a communication interface 1448. The RU 1440 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memory 1412′, 1432′, 1442′ and the additional memory modules 1414, 1434, 1444 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of processors 1412, 1432, 1442 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. This software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0163] As discussed above, component 198 may be configured to transmit a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device to measure to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Component 198 may be configured to receive a first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Component 198 may be configured to transmit a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. Component 198 may be configured to receive a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to measure the second set of SRSs after receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may be a PRU. Network entity 1402 may be a mobile TRP with a fixed location. The second wireless device may include a network node (such as a different network entity (e.g., similar to network entity 1402)) or a second PRU. The third wireless device may include a UE or a third PRU. Component 198 may reside within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1410, DU 1430, and RU 1440. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1402 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1402 may include means for transmitting a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device to measure to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may include means for receiving a first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. Network entity 1402 may include means for measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may include means for transmitting a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The network entity 1402 may include means for receiving a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device. The network entity 1402 may include means for, after receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, measuring the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements.The measurements in the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) absolute measurements, (b) probability measurements, (c) variance measurements, or (d) distribution measurements. Network entity 1402 may include means for receiving at least one third set of UL positioning measurements from a fourth wireless device. Network entity 1402 may include means for calculating the position of the third wireless device based on the second set of UL positioning measurements and the at least one third set of UL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may include means for sending an NRPPa message to a LMF. The NRPPa message may include a positioning report based on the second set of UL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may include means for sending an LPPa message to the LMF. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on the first set of DL positioning measurements. The positioning report may include an indication of the location of the first wireless device. Network entity 1402 may include means for sending an indication of the location of the first wireless device to the third wireless device. The network entity 1402 may include means for receiving a resource schedule for receiving the first set of PRSs from the second wireless device, transmitting the first set of SRSs to the second wireless device, receiving the second set of SRSs from the third wireless device, or transmitting the second set of PRSs to the third wireless device. The network entity 1402 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving the resource schedule from the second wireless device. The network entity 1402 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving an RRC message including the resource schedule. The network entity 1402 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving the resource schedule from a LMF. The network entity 1402 may include means for receiving the resource schedule by receiving an NRPPa configuration including the resource schedule from the LMF. The first set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) an RSTD measurement, (b) an RSRP measurement, (c) an Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) a LOS identification measurement, (e) a NLOS identification measurement, (f) an RTOA measurement, or (g) a DL-AoD measurement. At least one measurement in the first set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) an absolute measurement value, (b) a probability measurement value, (c) a variance measurement value, or (d) a distribution measurement value. The network entity 1402 may include means for sending a positioning report based on the first set of PRSs to the LMF using an LPPa message. The first wireless device may include a first PRU. The second wireless device may include a network node or a second PRU. The third wireless device may include a UE or a third PRU. The first PRU may include a second UE or a second network node.The second UE or the second network node may be at a fixed location when transmitting the second set of PRS or receiving the second set of SRS. The means may be the component 198 of the network entity 1402 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 1402 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0164] As discussed above, component 197 may be configured to transmit a first set of PRSs for the UE to measure to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Component 197 may be configured to receive a first set of SRSs from the UE. Component 197 may be configured to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Component 197 may be configured to transmit a second set of PRSs for the PRU to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. Component 197 may be configured to receive a second set of SRSs from the PRU. Component 197 may be configured to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may serve the UE. Component 197 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1410, DU 1430, and RU 1440. Component 197 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1402 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1402 may include means for transmitting a first set of PRSs for a UE to measure to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may include receiving a first set of SRSs from the UE. Network entity 1402 may include measuring the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may include transmitting a second set of PRSs for a PRU to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. Network entity 1402 may include receiving a second set of SRSs from the PRU. Network entity 1402 may include measuring the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements. A measurement in the first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) an absolute measurement value, (b) a probability measurement value, (c) a variance measurement value, or (d) a distribution measurement value. The network entity 1402 may include receiving at least one third set of UL positioning measurements from a wireless device. The network entity 1402 may include calculating the location of the PRU based on the second set of UL positioning measurements and the at least one third set of UL positioning measurements. The network entity 1402 may include sending an NRPPa message to the LMF. The NRPPa message may include a positioning report based on at least one of the first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements. The positioning report may include an indication of the location of the PRU.The network entity 1402 may include receiving an indication of the location of the PRU from the PRU. The network entity 1402 may include calculating the location of the wireless device based on the indication of the PRU and the second set of UL positioning measurements. The network entity 1402 may include sending a resource schedule for receiving the second set of PRSs from the network node or the second set of SRSs to the network node for the PRU. The network entity 1402 may include sending a resource schedule for sending a third set of PRSs to the UE or receiving a third set of SRSs from the UE for the PRU. The network entity 1402 may include sending the resource schedule by sending an RRC message including the resource schedule. The means may be the component 197 of the network entity 1402 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 1402 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, a component may be the TX Processor 316, the RX Processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by that component.

[0165] As discussed above, component 196 may be configured to receive an NRPPa message from a PRU. The NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of uplink positioning measurements for a set of SRSs received by the PRU. Component 196 may be configured to receive an LPPa message from the PRU. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of downlink positioning measurements for a set of PRSs received by the PRU. Component 196 may be configured to perform positioning of a wireless device communicating with the PRU based on the first positioning report and the second positioning report. Component 196 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1410, DU 1430, and RU 1440. Component 196 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1402 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, a network entity 1402 may include means for receiving an NRPPa message from a PRU. The NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of uplink positioning measurements of a set of SRSs received by the PRU. The network entity 1402 may include receiving an LPPa message from the PRU. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of downlink positioning measurements of a set of PRSs received by the PRU. The network entity 1402 may include sending a first resource schedule for receiving the set of SRSs from a first wireless device to the PRU. The network entity 1402 may include sending a second resource schedule for receiving the set of PRSs from a second wireless device to the PRU. The network entity 1402 may include sending the first resource schedule by sending an NRPPa configuration including the first resource schedule. The network entity 1402 may include sending the second resource schedule by sending an LPPa configuration including the second resource schedule. The network entity 1402 may include training a positioning model based on the first positioning report and the second positioning report. The network entity 1402 may include an LMF. A means may be a component 196 of the network entity 1402 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 1402 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, a means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0166] Figure 1515 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1560. In one example, the network entity 1560 may be located within the core network 120. The network entity 1560 may include a network processor 1512. The network processor 1512 may include on-chip memory 1512′. In some aspects, the network entity 1560 may also include an additional memory module 1514. The network entity 1560 communicates with the CU 1502 directly (e.g., a backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., through an RIC) via a network interface 1580. The on-chip memory 1512′ and the additional memory module 1514 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. The processor 1512 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0167] As discussed above, component 197 may be configured to transmit a first set of PRSs for the UE to measure to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. Component 197 may be configured to receive a first set of SRSs from the UE. Component 197 may be configured to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. Component 197 may be configured to transmit a second set of PRSs for the PRU to measure to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. Component 197 may be configured to receive a second set of SRSs from the PRU. Component 197 may be configured to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. Network entity 1560 may serve the UE. Component 197 may be within processor 1512. Component 197 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1560 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1560 may include means for transmitting a first set of PRSs for a UE to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The network entity 1560 may include receiving a first set of SRSs from the UE. The network entity 1560 may include measuring the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The network entity 1560 may include transmitting a second set of PRSs for a PRU to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The network entity 1560 may include receiving a second set of SRSs from the PRU. The network entity 1560 may include measuring the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of: (a) RTOA measurements, (b) UL-AoA measurements, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (d) RSTD measurements, (e) RSRP measurements, (f) LOS identification measurements, or (g) NLOS identification measurements. The measurements in the first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) absolute measurements, (b) probability measurements, (c) variance measurements, or (d) distribution measurements. The network entity 1560 may include receiving at least one third set of UL positioning measurements from the wireless device. The network entity 1560 may include calculating the location of the PRU based on the second set of UL positioning measurements and the at least one third set of UL positioning measurements. The network entity 1560 may include sending an NRPPa message to the LMF. The NRPPa message may include a positioning report based on at least one of the first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements. The positioning report may include an indication of the location of the PRU. The network entity 1560 may include receiving an indication of the location of the PRU from the PRU.The network entity 1560 may include calculating the location of the wireless device based on the indication of the PRU and the second set of UL positioning measurements. The network entity 1560 may include sending a resource schedule for receiving the second set of PRS from the network node or sending the second set of SRS to the network node for the PRU. The network entity 1560 may include sending a resource schedule for sending a third set of PRS to the UE or receiving a third set of SRS from the UE for the PRU. The network entity 1560 may include sending the resource schedule by sending an RRC message including the resource schedule. The means may be component 197 of the network entity 1560 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0168] As discussed above, component 196 may be configured to receive an NRPPa message from a PRU. The NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of uplink positioning measurements for a set of SRSs received by the PRU. Component 196 may be configured to receive an LPPa message from the PRU. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of downlink positioning measurements for a set of PRSs received by the PRU. Component 196 may be configured to perform positioning of a wireless device in communication with the PRU based on the first and second positioning reports. Component 196 may be within processor 1512. Component 196 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1560 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1560 may include means for receiving an NRPPa message from a PRU. The NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of uplink positioning measurements of a set of SRSs received by the PRU. Network entity 1560 may include receiving an LPPa message from the PRU. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of downlink positioning measurements of a set of PRSs received by the PRU. Network entity 1560 may include sending a first resource schedule for receiving the set of SRSs from a first wireless device to the PRU. Network entity 1560 may include sending a second resource schedule for receiving the set of PRSs from a second wireless device to the PRU. Network entity 1560 may include sending the first resource schedule by sending an NRPPa configuration including the first resource schedule. Network entity 1560 may include sending the second resource schedule by sending an LPPa configuration including the second resource schedule. Network entity 1560 may include training a positioning model based on the first positioning report and the second positioning report. Network entity 1560 may include an LMF. A component may be component 196 of network entity 1560 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0169] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of an exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims provide elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0170] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, references to elements in the singular do not mean "one and only one," but rather "one or more." Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...", do not imply immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met, the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the action to occur. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be interpreted as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple As, multiple Bs, or multiple Cs. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, where any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. A device configured to "output" data (such as, a transmission, a signal, or a message) may, for example, send the data using a transceiver, or may transmit the data to a device that sends the data. A device configured to "obtain" data (such as, a transmission, a signal, or a message) may, for example, receive the data using a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later become known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims.Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. Words such as "module," "mechanism," "element," and "device" cannot replace the word "component." Thus, no claim element will be construed as a component-plus-function unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0171] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0172] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0173] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a first wireless device, wherein the method may include transmitting a first set of SRSs for a second wireless device to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The method may include receiving a first set of PRSs from the second wireless device. The method may include measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The method may include transmitting a second set of PRSs for a third wireless device to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The method may include receiving a second set of SRSs from the third wireless device.

[0174] Aspect 2 is a method according to aspect 1, wherein the method may include: after receiving the second set of SRS from the third wireless device, measuring the second set of SRS to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements.

[0175] Aspect 3 is a method according to aspect 2, wherein the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) RTOA measurement, (b) UL-AoA measurement, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) RSTD measurement, (e) RSRP measurement, (f) LOS identification measurement or (g) NLOS identification measurement.

[0176] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 2 or 3, wherein the method may include: receiving at least one third set of UL positioning measurements from a fourth wireless device. The method may include: calculating the position of the third wireless device based on the second set of UL positioning measurements and the at least one third set of UL positioning measurements.

[0177] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of aspects 2 to 4, wherein the method may include: sending an NRPPa message to the LMF. The NRPPa message may include a positioning report based on the second set of UL positioning measurements.

[0178] Aspect 6 is a method according to aspect 5, wherein the method may include: sending an LPPa message to the LMF. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on the first set of DL positioning measurements.

[0179] Aspect 7 is a method according to aspect 6, wherein the positioning report may include an indication of the location of the first wireless device.

[0180] Aspect 8 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the method may include: sending an indication of the location of the first wireless device to the third wireless device.

[0181] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the method may include: receiving a resource scheduling table for the following operations: receiving the first group of PRS from the second wireless device, sending the first group of SRS to the second wireless device, receiving the second group of SRS from the third wireless device, or sending the second group of PRS to the third wireless device.

[0182] Aspect 10 is the method of aspect 9, wherein receiving the resource schedule may include receiving the resource schedule from the second wireless device.

[0183] Aspect 11 is a method according to any one of aspects 9 or 10, wherein receiving the resource schedule may include: receiving an RRC message including the resource schedule.

[0184] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of aspects 9 to 11, wherein receiving the resource schedule may include: receiving the resource schedule from a LMF.

[0185] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of aspects 9 to 12, wherein receiving the resource schedule may include: receiving an NRPPa configuration including the resource schedule from an LMF.

[0186] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the first set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) RSTD measurement, (b) RSRP measurement, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) LOS identification measurement, (e) NLOS identification measurement, (f) RTOA measurement or (g) DL-AoD measurement.

[0187] Aspect 15 is a method according to aspect 14, wherein at least one measurement in the first set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) an absolute measurement value, (b) a probability measurement value, (c) a variance measurement value, or (d) a distribution measurement value.

[0188] Aspect 16 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the method may include: using an LPPa message for the LMF to send a positioning report based on the first set of PRSs.

[0189] Aspect 17 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the first wireless device may include a first PRU, the second wireless device may include a network node or a second PRU, and the third wireless device may include a UE or a third PRU.

[0190] Aspect 18 is a method according to aspect 17, wherein the first PRU may include a second UE or a second network node. The second UE or the second network node may be at a fixed position when transmitting the second set of PRS or receiving the second set of SRS.

[0191] Aspect 19 is a method of wireless communication at a UE, wherein the method may include transmitting a first set of SRSs for a network node to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The method may include receiving a first set of PRSs from the network node. The method may include measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The method may include transmitting a second set of SRSs for a PRU to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements. The method may include receiving a second set of PRSs from the PRU.

[0192] Aspect 20 is a method according to aspect 19, wherein the method may include: after receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU, measuring the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements.

[0193] Aspect 21 is a method according to Aspect 20, wherein the first set of DL positioning measurements or the second set of DL positioning measurements may include: (a) RSTD measurement, (b) RSRP measurement, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) LOS identification measurement, (e) NLOS identification measurement, (f) RTOA measurement or (g) DL-AoD measurement.

[0194] Aspect 22 is a method according to aspect 21, wherein at least one measurement in the first set of DL positioning measurements or the second set of DL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) an absolute measurement value, (b) a probability measurement value, (c) a variance measurement value, or (d) a distribution measurement value.

[0195] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of aspects 20 to 22, wherein the method may include: receiving an indication of the location of the PRU from the PRU. The method may include: calculating the positioning of the UE based on the indication of the location of the PRU and the second set of DL positioning measurements.

[0196] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 23, wherein the method may include: receiving a positioning report based on the second set of UL positioning measurements from the PRU.

[0197] Aspect 25 is a method according to aspect 24, wherein receiving the positioning report may include: receiving an NRPPa message. The NRPPa message may include the positioning report.

[0198] Aspect 26 is a method according to any one of aspects 24 or 25, wherein the method may include: receiving an indication of the location of the PRU from the PRU. The method may include: calculating the location of the UE based on the indication of the location of the PRU and the positioning report.

[0199] Aspect 27 is a method according to any one of aspects 24 to 26, wherein the method may include: training a positioning model based on the positioning report.

[0200] Aspect 28 is a method of wireless communication at a network node, wherein the method may include transmitting a first set of PRSs for a UE to measure the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of DL positioning measurements. The method may include receiving a first set of SRSs from the UE. The method may include measuring the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of UL positioning measurements. The method may include transmitting a second set of PRSs for a PRU to measure the second set of PRSs to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements. The method may include receiving a second set of SRSs from the PRU.

[0201] Aspect 29 is a method according to aspect 28, wherein the method may include measuring the second set of SRS to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements.

[0202] Aspect 30 is a method according to aspect 29, wherein the first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) RTOA measurement, (b) UL-AoA measurement, (c) Rx-Tx time difference measurement, (d) RSTD measurement, (e) RSRP measurement, (f) LOS identification measurement or (g) NLOS identification measurement.

[0203] Aspect 31 is a method according to aspect 30, wherein the method may include: receiving at least one third set of UL positioning measurements from a wireless device. The method may include: calculating the position of the PRU based on the second set of UL positioning measurements and the at least one third set of UL positioning measurements.

[0204] Aspect 32 is a method according to any one of aspects 30 or 31, wherein the method may include: sending an NRPPa message to the LMF. The NRPPa message may include a positioning report based on at least one of the first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements.

[0205] Aspect 33 is a method according to aspect 32, wherein the positioning report may include an indication of the location of the PRU.

[0206] Aspect 34 is a method according to any one of aspects 29 to 33, wherein the method may include receiving an indication of the location of the PRU from the PRU. The method may include calculating the location of the wireless device based on the indication of the PRU and the second set of UL positioning measurements.

[0207] Aspect 35 is a method according to any one of aspects 28 to 34, wherein the method may include: sending a resource schedule for receiving the second set of PRS from the network node or sending the second set of SRS to the network node for the PRU.

[0208] Aspect 36 is a method according to any one of aspects 28 to 35, wherein the method may include: sending a resource schedule for sending a third set of PRS to the UE or receiving a third set of SRS from the UE for the PRU.

[0209] Aspect 37 is a method according to aspect 36, wherein sending the resource schedule may include: sending an RRC message including the resource schedule.

[0210] Aspect 38 is a method of wireless communication at a network node, wherein the method may include: receiving an NRPPa message from a PRU. The NRPPa message may include a first positioning report based on a set of uplink positioning measurements of a set of SRSs received by the PRU. The method may include: receiving an LPPa message from the PRU. The LPPa message may include a second positioning report based on a set of downlink positioning measurements of a set of PRSs received by the PRU.

[0211] Aspect 39 is a method according to aspect 38, wherein the method may include: sending a first resource schedule for receiving the set of SRSs from a first wireless device to the PRU. The method may include: sending a second resource schedule for receiving the set of PRSs from a second wireless device to the PRU.

[0212] Aspect 40 is a method according to aspect 39, wherein sending the first resource schedule may include sending an NRPPa configuration including the first resource schedule.

[0213] Aspect 41 is a method according to aspect 40, wherein sending the second resource schedule may include sending an LPPa configuration including the second resource schedule.

[0214] Aspect 42 is a method according to any one of aspects 38 to 41, wherein the method may include: training a positioning model based on the first positioning report and the second positioning report.

[0215] Aspect 43 is a method according to any one of aspects 38 to 42, wherein the network node may include a LMF.

[0216] Aspect 44 is a method according to aspect 3, wherein the measurements in the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) absolute measurements, (b) probability measurements, (c) variance measurements, or (d) distribution measurements.

[0217] Aspect 45 is a method according to aspect 30, wherein the measurements in the first set of UL positioning measurements or the second set of UL positioning measurements may include at least one of the following: (a) absolute measurement values, (b) probability measurement values, (c) variance measurement values, or (d) distribution measurement values.

[0218] Aspect 46 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 45 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0219] Aspect 47 is the apparatus of aspect 46, further comprising: at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0220] Aspect 48 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 45.

[0221] Aspect 49 is a computer-readable medium (eg, non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 45.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: transmitting a first set of sounding reference signals (SRSs) for a second wireless device to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of uplink (UL) positioning measurements; receiving a first set of positioning reference signals (PRS) from the second wireless device; measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of downlink (DL) positioning measurements; and A second set of PRSs is sent for measurement by a third wireless device to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements, or a second set of SRSs is received from the third wireless device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: After receiving the second set of SRS from the third wireless device, the second set of SRS is measured to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second set of UL positioning measurements comprises at least one of: Relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurements; UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) measurement; Receiving (Rx) and sending (Tx) (Rx-Tx) time difference measurement; Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement; Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement; Line of sight (LOS) identification measurements; or Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) identification measurements.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving at least one third set of UL positioning measurements from a fourth wireless device; and calculating a positioning of the third wireless device based on the second set of UL positioning measurements and the at least one third set of UL positioning measurements.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol (NRPP) Annex (NRPPa) message is sent to a Location Management Function (LMF), wherein the NRPPa message includes a positioning report based on the second set of UL positioning measurements.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) Annex (LPPa) message is sent to the LMF, wherein the LPPa message includes a second positioning report based on the first set of DL positioning measurements. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the positioning report includes an indication of a location of the first wireless device.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: An indication of the location of the first wireless device is sent to the third wireless device via the transceiver.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A resource schedule is received for receiving the first set of PRS from the second wireless device, transmitting the first set of SRS to the second wireless device, receiving the second set of SRS from the third wireless device, or transmitting the second set of PRS to the third wireless device.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to receive the resource schedule, the at least one processor is configured to: The resource schedule is received from the second wireless device.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to receive the resource schedule, the at least one processor is configured to: A radio resource control (RRC) message including the resource schedule is received.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to receive the resource schedule, the at least one processor is configured to: The resource schedule is received from a location management function (LMF).

13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to receive the resource schedule, the at least one processor is configured to: A New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol (NRPP) Annex (NRPPa) configuration including the resource schedule is received from a Location Management Function (LMF).

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first set of DL positioning measurements comprises at least one of: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement; Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement; Receiving (Rx) and sending (Tx) (Rx-Tx) time difference measurement; Line of sight (LOS) identification measurement; Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) identification measurements; Relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurements; or DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) measurement.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein at least one measurement in the first set of DL positioning measurements comprises at least one of: Absolute measurement value; Probability measures; a measure of variance; or Distribution measurements.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A positioning report based on the first set of PRSs is sent using a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) Annex (LPPa) message for a Location Management Function (LMF).

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device comprises a first positioning reference unit (PRU), wherein the second wireless device comprises a network node or a second PRU, and wherein the third wireless device comprises a user equipment (UE) or a third PRU.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first PRU comprises a second UE or a second network node, the second UE or the second network node comprising a fixed position when the at least one processor transmits the second set of PRSs or when the at least one processor receives the second set of SRSs.

19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: sending a first set of sounding reference signals (SRSs) for a network node to measure to obtain a first set of uplink (UL) positioning measurements; receiving a first set of positioning reference signals (PRS) from the network node; measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of downlink (DL) positioning measurements; and A second set of SRSs is sent for a positioning reference unit (PRU) to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements, or the second set of PRSs is received from the PRU.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: After receiving the second set of PRSs from the PRU, the second set of PRSs is measured to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first set of DL positioning measurements or the second set of DL positioning measurements comprises at least one of: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement; Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement; Receiving (Rx) and sending (Tx) (Rx-Tx) time difference measurement; Line of sight (LOS) identification measurement; Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) identification measurements; Relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurements; or DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) measurement.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein at least one measurement in the first set of DL positioning measurements or the second set of DL positioning measurements comprises at least one of: Absolute measurement value; Probability measures; a measure of variance; or Distribution measurements.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving, via the transceiver, from the PRU an indication of a location of the PRU; and A positioning of the UE is calculated based on the indication of the location of the PRU and the second set of DL positioning measurements.

24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A positioning report based on the second set of UL positioning measurements is received from the PRU.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein to receive the positioning report, the at least one processor is configured to: A New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol (NRPP) Annex (NRPPa) message is received, wherein the NRPPa message includes the positioning report.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving an indication of a location of the PRU from the PRU; and A position of the UE is calculated based on the indication of the location of the PRU and the positioning report.

27. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A positioning model is trained based on the positioning reports.

28. A method of wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: transmitting a first set of sounding reference signals (SRSs) for a second wireless device to measure the first set of SRSs to obtain a first set of uplink (UL) positioning measurements; receiving a first set of positioning reference signals (PRS) from the second wireless device; measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of downlink (DL) positioning measurements; and A second set of PRSs is sent for measurement by a third wireless device to obtain a second set of DL positioning measurements, or a second set of SRSs is received from the third wireless device.

29. The method according to claim 28, further comprising: After receiving the second set of SRS from the third wireless device, the second set of SRS is measured to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements.

30. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: sending a first set of sounding reference signals (SRSs) for a network node to measure to obtain a first set of uplink (UL) positioning measurements; receiving a first set of positioning reference signals (PRS) from the network node; measuring the first set of PRSs to obtain a first set of downlink (DL) positioning measurements; and A second set of SRSs is sent for a positioning reference unit (PRU) to measure the second set of SRSs to obtain a second set of UL positioning measurements, or the second set of PRSs is received from the PRU.

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