Signal amplification structure of neutron detector

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fusion energy measurement, in particular to a neutron detector signal amplification structure which comprises a tri-coaxial cable, a detector assembly and an amplifier, and the detector assembly and the amplifier are electrically connected with the two ends of the tri-coaxial cable respectively. The tri-coaxial cable comprises a central signal wire, an inner conductive layer and an outer conductive layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside. The detector assembly comprises a detector and a detector shell; the amplifier comprises a circuit board, a shielding box and an amplifier shell, according to the invention, three mutually independent and electrically insulated electrical paths are constructed for transmission and amplification of neutron signals, that is, a signal path from a detector to an amplifier circuit board is formed by a central signal wire; the inner conductive layer is connected with a shielding box in the amplifier to form a signal ground path accompanied by a signal; and the outer conductive layer is connected with the metal shells of the detector and the amplifier to form a shielding grounding path for isolating external interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fusion energy measurement, and in particular to a neutron detector signal amplification structure. Background Art

[0002] In the application fields of nuclear science and technology, such as the diagnosis and measurement of nuclear fusion energy, neutron detectors are indispensable equipment for obtaining key experimental data.

[0003] Typically, the physical signals directly generated by these types of neutron detectors (such as fission ionization chambers) are extremely weak. Specifically, the signal pulse duration is extremely short (can be less than microseconds), the voltage amplitude is extremely low (typically sub-millivolts), and the accumulated charge is also extremely small (can be less than picocoulombs). Such weak signals cannot be directly acquired and processed by conventional electronic instruments. Therefore, they must first be effectively amplified by a front-end signal amplification structure located immediately adjacent to the detector. In existing signal amplification solutions, the shielding layer also serves as the signal ground, making them susceptible to interference in complex electromagnetic environments, leading to malfunction, false triggering, and miscounting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problem that the working environment of neutron detectors and their front-end amplification structures is often accompanied by complex and strong electromagnetic environments. Under such harsh working conditions, how to transmit the above-mentioned weak physical signals with high fidelity and amplify them with high signal-to-noise ratio to ensure that the signals are not overwhelmed or interfered by external electromagnetic noise during the processing process, and to avoid the problems of signal distortion, miscounting or mistriggering caused by this. The purpose is to provide a neutron detector signal amplification structure that can effectively suppress common-mode interference, greatly enhance the anti-electromagnetic interference capability of the signal transmission link, and significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the amplifier. Even in a complex and strong electromagnetic interference environment, the present invention can ensure that the weak neutron detector signal is reliably amplified with high fidelity, thereby effectively avoiding the problems of false triggering and miscounting caused by noise, and improving the overall accuracy and reliability of neutron diagnosis and measurement.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A neutron detector signal amplification structure comprises: a triaxial cable, a detector assembly, and an amplifier, wherein the detector assembly and the amplifier are electrically connected to two ends of the triaxial cable respectively; The triaxial cable comprises: a central signal conductor, an inner conductive layer, and an outer conductive layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; The detector assembly comprises: a detector and a detector housing, wherein the detector is disposed in the detector housing, the detector is electrically connected to the central signal wire, the detector is electrically connected to the inner conductive layer, and the detector housing is electrically connected to the outer conductive layer; The amplifier includes: a circuit board, a shielding box and an amplifier housing, the circuit board is arranged in the shielding box, the shielding box is arranged in the amplifier housing, the circuit board is electrically connected to the central signal wire, the shielding box is electrically connected to the inner conductive layer; the amplifier housing is electrically connected to the outer conductive layer.

[0006] Optionally, the triaxial cable further includes: a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, wherein the first insulating layer is arranged between the central signal conductor and the inner conductive layer, and the second insulating layer is arranged between the inner conductive layer and the outer conductive layer.

[0007] Optionally, the detector is one of a proportional counter tube detector, a fission ionization chamber detector or a boron-coated ionization chamber detector.

[0008] Optionally, a first through hole is provided on the detector housing, a first connector is installed in the first through hole, one end of the three-coaxial cable is electrically connected to one end of the first connector located outside the detector housing, and the detector and the detector housing are electrically connected to the other end of the first connector located inside the detector housing.

[0009] Optionally, a second through hole is provided on the amplifier housing, a second connector is installed in the second through hole, the other end of the triaxial cable is electrically connected to one end of the second connector located outside the amplifier housing, and the circuit board, the shielding box and the amplifier housing are electrically connected to the other end of the second connector located inside the amplifier housing.

[0010] Optionally, the detector is arranged inside the detector housing in a suspended state through at least one first insulating pad.

[0011] Optionally, the shielding box is arranged in a suspended state inside the amplifier housing through at least one second insulating pad, and the second insulating pad is fixed between the outer side surface of the shielding box and the inner side surface of the amplifier housing through a bolt assembly.

[0012] Optionally, the bolt assembly includes: a bolt, a nut, and a stepped washer; the amplifier housing and the shielding box are provided with mounting through holes aligned with each other; the bolt passes through the mounting through hole of the amplifier housing, the internal through hole of the second insulating washer, and the mounting through hole of the shielding box in sequence and is connected to the nut; The step gasket is sleeved on the bolt, and its step end extends into the mounting through hole of the shielding box to electrically insulate the bolt from the shielding box, and its large end is arranged between the nut and the shielding box to electrically insulate the nut from the shielding box.

[0013] Optionally, the triaxial cable further includes: a protective layer coated on the outside of the outer conductive layer.

[0014] Optionally, both the first connector and the second connector are triaxial connectors.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The present invention utilizes the central signal conductor, inner conductive layer and outer conductive layer of the three-coaxial cable, and cooperates with the internal structure of the detector assembly and the amplifier to construct three independent and electrically insulated electrical paths for the transmission and amplification of neutron signals. That is, the central signal conductor constitutes the signal path from the detector to the amplifier circuit board; the inner conductive layer is connected to the shielding box inside the amplifier, forming a signal ground path accompanying the signal; and the outer conductive layer is connected to the metal casing of the detector and the amplifier, forming a shielded grounding path for isolating external interference.

[0016] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution of completely separating the signal ground path and the shield ground path in structure and electricity, the signal ground loop formed by the inner conductive layer and the internal shielding box provides a stable and pure zero-potential reference benchmark for weak neutron signals; because the signal ground loop is completely covered and isolated by the shielding structure formed by the outer conductive layer and the external metal shell, the electromagnetic noise in the external environment is difficult to couple to the sensitive signal ground; the external shield ground path is specifically responsible for safely conducting away the interference current in the environment, thereby preventing the interference current from entering the signal loop. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, are used to explain the principles of the present invention. These drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the accompanying drawings are included in and constitute a part of this specification and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a triaxial cable according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detector assembly according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an amplifier according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bolt assembly according to the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1- triaxial cable, 2- detector assembly, 3- amplifier; 11-center signal conductor, 12-first insulation layer, 13-inner conductive layer, 14-second insulation layer, 15-outer conductive layer, 16-protective layer; 211 - detector housing body, 212 - detector housing cover, 22 - first connector, 23 - first insulating pad, 24 - detector; 311 - amplifier housing body, 312 - amplifier housing cover, 32 - second connector, 33 - second insulating pad, 34 - shielding box, 35 - circuit board; 40-Nut, 41-Step washer, 42-Bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant content and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.

[0025] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; they may refer to direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they may refer to internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0027] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] In nuclear science and technology applications, such as in the diagnosis and measurement of nuclear fusion energy, neutron detectors are essential for obtaining critical experimental data. The physical signals directly generated by these neutron detectors (such as fission ionization chambers) are typically extremely weak. These signals are characterized by extremely short pulse durations (less than microseconds), extremely low voltage amplitudes (typically sub-millivolts), and extremely small accumulated charges (less than picocoulombs). Therefore, these weak signals must be effectively amplified by a front-end signal amplifier structure located immediately adjacent to the detector. However, in existing signal amplification schemes, the shielding layer often doubles as a signal ground. This structure is highly susceptible to interference in complex electromagnetic environments, potentially causing the amplifier to malfunction, or leading to false triggering and miscounting, seriously compromising the accuracy and reliability of measurement results.

[0030] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides an innovative neutron detector signal amplification structure, which aims to solve the problem of poor anti-interference ability caused by the sharing of signal ground and shielding layer in the existing technology by structurally separating and isolating the signal transmission path, signal ground path and shielding grounding path.

[0031] Example 1 like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment describes a signal amplification structure for neutron detection. Through a three-layer conductor cable (i.e., a three-coaxial cable 1), three independent electrical channels with clear functions are physically constructed. The three channels are respectively used to transmit the original weak signal, provide a pure reference ground potential for the signal, and shield external electromagnetic interference, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of the signal being susceptible to interference during transmission and amplification.

[0032] A neutron detector 24 signal amplification structure includes: a triaxial cable 1, a detector assembly 2, and an amplifier 3, wherein the detector assembly 2 and the amplifier 3 are electrically connected to two ends of the triaxial cable 1 respectively; The triaxial cable 1 includes: a central signal conductor 11 , an inner conductive layer 13 (first shielding layer), and an outer conductive layer 15 (second shielding layer) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside.

[0033] The detector assembly 2 includes: a detector 24 and a detector housing 21. The detector 24 is disposed in the detector housing 21. The detector 24 is electrically connected to the central signal wire 11 and the inner conductive layer 13. The detector housing 21 is electrically connected to the outer conductive layer 15. The amplifier 3 includes: a circuit board 35, a shielding box 34 and an amplifier housing 31. The circuit board 35 is arranged in the shielding box 34, and the shielding box 34 is arranged in the amplifier housing 31. The circuit board 35 is electrically connected to the center signal wire 11, and the shielding box 34 is electrically connected to the inner conductive layer 13; the amplifier housing 31 is electrically connected to the outer conductive layer 15.

[0034] The three layers of conductors of the triax cable 1 are utilized to define three electrical paths: Signal path: It is composed of the central signal conductor 11, which picks up the weak original signal from the detector 24 at the front end and transmits it to the circuit board 35 inside the amplifier 3 at the back end for processing.

[0035] Signal ground path: This path, formed by inner conductive layer 13, also connects detector 24 and shielding box 34 inside amplifier 3. Any electrical signal requires a stable zero-potential reference point, namely, ground. This path provides a signal ground isolated from the outside world for weak signals, ensuring stable signal levels.

[0036] Shielded ground path: composed of the outer conductive layer 15, which is responsible for connecting the two external metal shells of the detector housing 21 and the amplifier housing 31 to build a solid external shielding layer for capturing and conducting away electromagnetic noise from the external space.

[0037] The core working principle of this embodiment is path separation and layered shielding, which decomposes the traditional, interference-susceptible signal and shielding common ground structure into three independent electrical systems: one for signal transmission, one for signal potential reference (signal ground), and one for physical shielding (shield grounding).

[0038] In actual operation, when detector 24 generates a weak neutron signal, the signal current flows along the central signal conductor 11 to the circuit board 35 of amplifier 3. Simultaneously, the accompanying reference ground potential strictly follows the signal ground path formed by the inner conductive layer 13 and the shielding box 34. These two core paths are completely enclosed within the shielded ground path formed by the outer conductive layer 15 and the device housings at both ends.

[0039] Any electromagnetic interference from the external environment is blocked and absorbed by this outermost shielding structure, preventing it from penetrating the internal signal and signal ground paths. Ultimately, the pure original signal safely reaches the circuit board 35 protected by the shielding box 34 without interference, achieving high-fidelity amplification.

[0040] This embodiment utilizes the central signal conductor, inner conductive layer and outer conductive layer of the three coaxial cables, and cooperates with the internal structure of the detector assembly and the amplifier to construct three independent and electrically insulated electrical paths for the transmission and amplification of neutron signals. That is, the central signal conductor constitutes the signal path from the detector to the amplifier circuit board; the inner conductive layer is connected to the shielding box inside the amplifier, forming a signal ground path accompanying the signal; the outer conductive layer is connected to the metal casing of the detector and the amplifier, forming a shielded grounding path for isolating external interference.

[0041] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution of completely separating the signal ground path and the shield ground path in structure and electricity, the signal ground loop formed by the inner conductive layer and the internal shielding box provides a stable and pure zero-potential reference benchmark for weak neutron signals; because the signal ground loop is completely covered and isolated by the shielding structure formed by the outer conductive layer and the external metal shell, the electromagnetic noise in the external environment is difficult to couple to the sensitive signal ground; the external shield ground path is specifically responsible for safely conducting away the interference current in the environment, thereby preventing the interference current from entering the signal loop.

[0042] Example 2 The triaxial cable 1 includes: a central signal conductor 11 , an inner conductive layer 13 (first shielding layer), and an outer conductive layer 15 (second shielding layer) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside.

[0043] The triaxial cable 1 further includes: a first insulating layer 12 and a second insulating layer 14 . The first insulating layer 12 is arranged between the center signal conductor 11 and the inner conductive layer 13 , and the second insulating layer 14 is arranged between the inner conductive layer 13 and the outer conductive layer 15 , and a protective layer 16 is wrapped around the outer conductive layer 15 .

[0044] The insulation layer is made of materials with good dielectric properties (such as polyethylene, Teflon, etc.). Its function is to achieve electrical isolation between conductors and prevent short circuits.

[0045] The first insulating layer 12 ensures mutual insulation between the center conductor carrying the weak signal and the inner conductive layer 13, which serves as its reference ground. The second insulating layer 14 also ensures reliable electrical isolation between the inner conductive layer 13, which serves as the signal ground, and the outer conductive layer 15, which serves as the shield ground. The first and second insulating layers 12, 14 ensure the mutual independence of the three electrical paths.

[0046] The protective layer 16 is the outermost non-metallic coating of the cable. Its function is not electrical, but to provide mechanical and environmental protection for the entire cable. It can protect the internal precision conductors and insulation layers from damage by external factors such as wear, bending, moisture, and chemical corrosion, thereby ensuring the durability and reliability of the signal amplification structure under actual working conditions.

[0047] The detector 24 is one of a proportional counter tube detector 24, a fission ionization chamber detector 24 or a boron-coated ionization chamber detector 24. The original signal generated by the detector 24 is very weak, so it has extremely high requirements on the anti-interference ability and signal-to-noise ratio performance of the subsequent signal amplification structure.

[0048] Both fission ionization chambers and boron-coated ionization chambers belong to the ionization chamber type detector24. They produce charged particles through nuclear reactions between special materials (such as uranium-235 or boron-10) and neutrons. These charged particles then ionize the gas in the ionization chamber, thereby forming a weak current signal.

[0049] The working characteristic of the proportional counter tube detector 24 is that a nuclear reaction occurs between a special material (such as helium-3 or boron-10) and a neutron to generate charged particles. These charged particles then ionize the gas in the proportional counter tube and are further amplified by a high electric field, so that low-energy charged particles can also form a current signal.

[0050] Example 3 like Figure 2 As shown, the detector housing 21 is provided with a first through-hole, in which a first connector 22 is mounted. One end of the triaxial cable 1 is electrically connected to the end of the first connector 22 located outside the detector housing 21, and the detector 24 and the detector housing 21 are electrically connected to the other end of the first connector 22 located inside the detector housing 21. The first connector 22 spans the wall of the detector housing 21, with one end exposed to the outside for connection to the triaxial cable 1; the other end extends into the housing to connect the internal detector 24 to the detector housing 21 itself.

[0051] The first connector 22 is a triaxial connector, containing three concentrically arranged electrode contacts (a center pin, an inner cylindrical contact, and an outer shell contact). This three-contact structure perfectly matches the center signal conductor 11, inner conductive layer 13, and outer conductive layer 15 of the triaxial cable 1. The triaxial cable 1 can be model TRX-316.

[0052] The detector 24 is suspended within the detector housing 21 via at least one first insulating pad 23. The first insulating pad 23 is a gasket, bracket, or bushing made of a non-conductive material that provides firm physical support for the detector 24, precisely securing it in a predetermined position within the detector housing 21 to prevent displacement due to vibration or impact.

[0053] More importantly, the first insulating pad 23 forms an insulating barrier between the detector 24 body and the metal detector housing 21, that is, a suspended state, ensuring that no accidental electrical short circuit occurs between the detector 24 (connected to the signal path and the signal ground path) and the detector housing 21 (connected to the shield ground path).

[0054] The detector housing 21 is not an integrally formed closed shell, but is composed of two separable parts: a detector housing body 211 and a detector housing cover 212 .

[0055] During the actual manufacturing process, the detector 24 and its supporting components, such as the first insulating pad 23, must first be precisely positioned within the detector housing 211. Once all internal components are in place, the detector housing cover 212 is then installed and secured, completing the packaging of the entire detector assembly 2. This allows for smooth internal assembly and provides convenient access for future maintenance or component replacement.

[0056] Assembly of the detector assembly 2: According to the size of the detector 24 and the size of the insulating pad 23, a suitable detector housing body 211 and a detector housing cover 212 are designed.

[0057] Arrange the first insulating pad 23 and detector 24 in order and install them into the detector housing body 211. Install the first connector 22 into the detector housing cover 212. Connect the detector 24 and the first connector 22 via wires. Connect the detector housing cover 212 and the detector housing body 211 with bolts.

[0058] Example 4 like Figure 3 As shown, similar to the end of the detector 24, a second through hole is provided on the amplifier housing 31, and a second connector 32 is installed in the second through hole. The other end of the triaxial cable 1 is electrically connected to the end of the second connector 32 located outside the amplifier housing 31, and the circuit board 35, the shielding box 34 and the amplifier housing 31 are electrically connected to the other end of the second connector 32 located inside the amplifier housing 31. The second connector 32 is a triaxial connector. The suspended setting of the shielding box 34 ensures that there is no direct electrical contact between the shielding box 34 and the amplifier housing 31. The shielding box 34 is suspended within the amplifier housing 31 via at least one second insulating pad 33. The second insulating pad 33 is secured by a bolt assembly between the outer side of the shielding box 34 and the inner side of the amplifier housing 3. The bolt assembly prevents the inner shielding box 34 from loosening when subjected to shock or vibration, while also maintaining electrical insulation between the two through the isolation provided by the second insulating pad 33.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the bolt assembly includes: a bolt, a nut 40 and a step washer 41. The amplifier housing 31 and the shielding box 34 are provided with mounting through holes aligned with each other. The bolt passes through the mounting through hole of the amplifier housing 31, the internal through hole of the second insulating gasket 33 and the mounting through hole of the shielding box 34 in sequence and is connected to the nut 40. The fixing method between the amplifier housing 31 and the shielding box 34 is as follows: Bolts and nuts 40 are used to fix the amplifier housing 31 and the shielding box 34 together. The bolts pass through corresponding through holes on the amplifier housing 31 and the shielding box 34 and are tightened by the nuts 40 to ensure a stable and reliable mechanical connection between the two.

[0060] The step gasket 41 is a special gasket made of non-conductive material, and has two or more concentric cylindrical surfaces with different diameters, shaped like a step.

[0061] The stepped washer 41 is mounted on the bolt, and its stepped end extends into the mounting hole of the shielding box 34 to electrically insulate the bolt from the shielding box 34. The stepped end of the stepped washer 41 with a smaller diameter extends into the mounting hole of the shielding box 34. This portion acts like an insulating sleeve, completely isolating the metal bolt rod from the inner wall of the mounting hole of the shielding box 34, thereby achieving electrical insulation between the bolt and the shielding box 34.

[0062] The large end of the step gasket 41 is arranged between the nut 40 and the shielding box 34 to electrically insulate the nut 40 from the shielding box 34, playing the role of a traditional flat washer and being arranged between the nut 40 and the shielding box 34 to form an insulating isolation layer, thereby achieving electrical insulation between the nut 40 and the shielding box 34.

[0063] Similar to the detector housing 21, the amplifier housing 31 consists of two separate parts: the main body and the cover 312. This allows for the layered assembly of multiple components, including the shielding box 34, the second insulating pad 33 for suspension, and the core circuit board 35, into the main body. Assemblers can conveniently position, tighten, and electrically connect internal components within the open enclosure. Once all internal work is complete, the cover 312 is installed to create a completely enclosed unit with effective electromagnetic shielding.

[0064] Assembling Amplifier 3: Place insulating gasket 33 between shielding box 34 and amplifier housing 311, allowing shielding box 34 to hang free within amplifier housing 311. Insert bolt 42 through mounting holes in amplifier housing 311 and shielding box 34. Slide nut 40 and stepped gasket 41 over the bolt. Stepped gasket 41 is placed between nut 40 and shielding box 34 to ensure insulation. Tighten nut 40 to securely secure amplifier housing 311 and shielding box 34, while maintaining electrical insulation through stepped gasket 41.

[0065] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment / method", "some embodiments / methods", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment / method or example are included in at least one embodiment / method or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / method or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments / methods or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments / methods or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments / methods or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0066] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0067] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely for the purpose of illustrating the present invention clearly, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other changes or modifications may be made based on the above invention, and these changes or modifications are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A neutron detector signal amplification structure, characterized in that: include: A triaxial cable (1), a detector assembly (2), and an amplifier (3), wherein the detector assembly (2) and the amplifier (3) are electrically connected to two ends of the triaxial cable (1) respectively; The triaxial cable (1) comprises: a central signal conductor (11), an inner conductive layer (13), and an outer conductive layer (15) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; The detector assembly (2) comprises: a detector (24) and a detector housing (21), wherein the detector (24) is disposed in the detector housing (21), the detector (24) is electrically connected to the central signal wire (11), the detector (24) is electrically connected to the inner conductive layer (13), and the detector housing (21) is electrically connected to the outer conductive layer (15); The amplifier (3) comprises: a circuit board (35), a shielding box (34) and an amplifier housing (31); the circuit board (35) is arranged in the shielding box (34), the shielding box (34) is arranged in the amplifier housing (31); the circuit board (35) is electrically connected to the central signal conductor (11), the shielding box (34) is electrically connected to the inner conductive layer (13); and the amplifier housing (31) is electrically connected to the outer conductive layer (15).

2. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triaxial cable (1) further comprises: a first insulating layer (12) and a second insulating layer (14), wherein the first insulating layer (12) is arranged between the central signal conductor (11) and the inner conductive layer (13), and the second insulating layer (14) is arranged between the inner conductive layer (13) and the outer conductive layer (15).

3. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detector (24) is one of a proportional counter tube detector (24), a fission ionization chamber detector (24), or a boron-coated ionization chamber detector (24).

4. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detector housing (21) is provided with a first through hole, in which a first connector (22) is installed, one end of the triaxial cable (1) is electrically connected to one end of the first connector (22) located outside the detector housing (21), and the detector (24) and the detector housing (21) are electrically connected to the other end of the first connector (22) located inside the detector housing (21).

5. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second through hole is provided on the amplifier housing (31), a second connector (32) is installed in the second through hole, the other end of the triaxial cable (1) is electrically connected to one end of the second connector (32) located outside the amplifier housing (31), and the circuit board (35), the shielding box (34) and the amplifier housing (31) are electrically connected to the other end of the second connector (32) located inside the amplifier housing (31).

6. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detector (24) is arranged in a suspended state inside the detector housing (21) via at least one first insulating pad (23).

7. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shielding box (34) is arranged in a suspended state inside the amplifier housing (31) via at least one second insulating pad (33), and the second insulating pad (33) is fixed between the outer side of the shielding box (34) and the inner side of the amplifier (3) housing via a bolt assembly.

8. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bolt assembly comprises: a bolt, a nut (40) and a stepped washer (41); the amplifier housing (31) and the shielding box (34) are provided with mutually aligned mounting through holes; the bolt passes through the mounting through hole of the amplifier housing (31), the inner through hole of the second insulating washer (33) and the mounting through hole of the shielding box (34) in sequence and is connected to the nut (40); The step gasket (41) is sleeved on the bolt, and the step end thereof extends into the mounting through hole of the shielding box (34) to electrically insulate the bolt from the shielding box (34), and the large end thereof is arranged between the nut (40) and the shielding box (34) to electrically insulate the nut (40) from the shielding box (34).

9. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The triaxial cable (1) further comprises a protective layer (16) coated on the outside of the outer conductive layer (15).

10. The neutron detector signal amplification structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first connector (22) and the second connector (32) are both triaxial connectors.

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