Measurement gap configuration for L1 measurements in LTM

Abstract

A method and related apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) are provided. In the method, the UE obtains an indication of one or more Layer 1 (L1) inter-frequency reference signals (RSs) including mobility (LTM) for lower layer triggering. The indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The UE also performs one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more inter-L1-frequency RSs. The method enables various measurement gap configurations for inter-frequency RS for LTM. It enhances the flexibility of inter-frequency LTM measurements and improves the efficiency of wireless communications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communications with measurement gap configuration for Layer 1 (L1) measurements in Lower Layer Triggered Mobility (LTM). Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continued mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary does not identify key or critical elements of all aspects, nor does it delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that will be presented later.

[0005] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) are provided. The apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor may be configured to: obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency reference signals (RSs) for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and perform one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0006] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity are provided. The apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor may be configured to: send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and obtain one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0007] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0009] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0010] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0014] Figure 4A is a diagram illustrating example beam management.

[0015] Figure 4B is a diagram illustrating example inter-cell beam management.

[0016] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example cell configuration.

[0017] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a system model of an example cell configuration.

[0018] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example measurement gap pattern.

[0019] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example measurement gap for measurement of LTM.

[0020] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example L1 measurement gap configuration according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 10A is a diagram illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 10B is a diagram illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 11A is a diagram illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 11B is a diagram illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 11C is a diagram illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 12 is a call flow diagram illustrating a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication at a UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication at a UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 15 is a flow chart illustrating a method of wireless communication at a network entity according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 16 is a flow chart illustrating a method of wireless communication at a network entity according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 17 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0032] Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Various aspects generally relate to communication systems. Some aspects more specifically relate to wireless communications with a measurement gap configuration for L1 measurements in LTM. In some examples, a UE may obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and perform one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0034] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by configuring an indication of one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM of a UE (where the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs), the described techniques can be used to implement various measurement gap configurations for the inter-frequency RSs used for LTM. This enhances the flexibility of inter-frequency LTM measurements and improves the efficiency of wireless communications.

[0035] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0036] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0037] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. The example of a processor includes a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a system on a chip (SoC), a baseband processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, a gating logic, a discrete hardware circuit and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning an instruction, an instruction set, a code, a code segment, a program code, a program, a subroutine, a software component, an application, a software application, a software package, a routine, a subroutine, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a process, a function or any combination thereof.

[0038] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0039] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by way of illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be produced in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be produced via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, devices that enable artificial intelligence (AI), etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be within the scope of chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the scope of aggregation, distribution or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) equipment or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment in conjunction with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for both analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, including chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, and the like.

[0040] The deployment of a communication system such as a 5G NR system can be arranged in a variety of ways using various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functions can be implemented in a converged or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0041] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0042] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (a network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0043] Figure 1 FIG100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0044] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0045] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0046] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) based at least in part on a functional split (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the DU 130 may also host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0047] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, a RU 140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low PHY layer functionality (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, both real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0048] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0049] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0050] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0051] At least one of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmissions from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmissions from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be over one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may utilize spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.) for each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation for transmission in each direction for a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers). These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0052] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be accomplished through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0053] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether the channel is available before communicating.

[0054] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with reference to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0055] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and therefore the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0056] With the above in mind, unless otherwise specified, if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0057] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0058] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP, a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, a converged (monolithic) base station having a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A collection of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or converged base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0059] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, Position Determination Entity (PDE), Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimates, and optional velocity calculations based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The measured signals may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0060] Examples of UE 104 include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similarly functional device. Some of UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., a parking meter, a gas pump, a toaster, a vehicle, a heart monitor, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0061] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a measurement gap configuration component 198. The measurement gap configuration component 198 may be configured to obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and perform one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include a measurement gap configuration component 199. The measurement gap configuration component 199 may be configured to send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and obtain one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. While the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0062] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2DFIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A 、 Figure 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. The other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format via the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0063] Figures 2A to 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) can be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a mini-time slot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on the DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). Symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0064]

[0065] Table 1: Parameter set, SCS and CP

[0066] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ time slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. Symbol length / duration is inversely related to subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0067] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also called a physical RB (PRB)) that extends over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0068] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RSs may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RSs may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0069] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs within an OFDM symbol of a RB. The PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). During a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on the CORESET, the UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space), where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0070] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit the DM-RS of the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the DM-RS of the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations. The UE may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0071] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0072] Figure 3 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0073] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase-shift keying (M-PSK), and M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). The coded and modulated symbols are then separated into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying the time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier using a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0074] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to a controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0075] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0076] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0077] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0078] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0079] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0080] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to the measurement gap configuration component 198.

[0081] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to the measurement gap configuration component 199.

[0082] The network can communicate with the UE based on one or more beams (spatial filters). For example, a base station of the network can send beamformed signals to the UE in one or more directions corresponding to one or more beams. The base station and the UE can perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit beam directions for the base station and the UE.

[0083] In response to different conditions, beams can be switched. For example, a TCI state change can be sent by the base station so that the UE can switch to a new beam for the TCI state. The TCI state change can enable the UE to find the best UE receive beam corresponding to the TCI state from the base station and switch to such beam. Switching beams can allow enhanced or improved connectivity between the UE and the base station by ensuring that the transmitter and receiver communicate using the same configured set of beams. The TCI state can include quasi-co-location (QCL) information, which the UE can use to derive timing / frequency error and / or transmit / receive spatial filtering for transmit / receive signals.

[0084] The different processes used to manage and control beams may be collectively referred to as "beam management." The process of selecting a beam to switch to for a data channel or a control channel may be referred to as "beam selection." In some wireless communication systems, beam selection for a data channel or a control channel may be limited to beams within the same physical cell identifier (PCI). The PCI may be associated with a TRP. Figure 4A FIG4 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam management. Figure 4A As illustrated, for UE 402, beam selection 406 may be limited to beams within PCI 404A, and beams associated with PCI 404B and PCI 404C may not be used. For example, each of PCI 404A, PCI 404B, and PCI 404C may be associated with a different TRP.

[0085] As an example, a UE may experience two types of mobility: cell-level mobility and beam-level mobility (which may be beam-based mobility). For cell-level mobility, the UE may undergo an inter-base station handover. In some wireless communication systems, for beam-level mobility, as previously explained, beam switching may occur within the same base station.

[0086] In some wireless communication systems, inter-cell beam management can be based on beam-based mobility, where the indicated beam can be from a TRP with a different PCI with respect to the serving cell. Benefits of inter-cell beam management based on beam-based mobility can include greater robustness against blocking, greater opportunities for achieving higher rank of subscriber data management (SDM) across different cells, and generally more efficient communication between the UE and the network. Figure 4B FIG450 is a diagram illustrating an example of inter-cell beam management. Figure 4B As illustrated, for UE 452, beam selection 456 can be based on the beam within PCI 454A and the beams associated with PCI 454B and PCI 454C. For example, each of PCI 454A, PCI 454B, and PCI 454C can be associated with a different TRP.

[0087] For example, inter-cell beam management based on beam-based mobility may be facilitated by L1 and / or L2 (L1 / L2) signaling, such as UE-specific channels / RS, which may be associated with switching to a TRP with a different PCI based on a unified TCI update based on downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE). As used herein, such mobility may be referred to as L1 / L2 mobility (lower layer triggered mobility (LTM)).

[0088] In some aspects, the network may configure a cell set for L1 / L2 mobility or LTM. This cell set for L1 / L2 mobility may be referred to as an L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set or an LTM configured cell set. A subset of the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set may be activated (e.g., using L1 or L2 control signaling) and may be referred to as an L1 / L2 mobility activated cell set (which may also be referred to as an L1 / L2 activated mobility cell set or an LTM activated cell set). A subset of the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set that is not activated or is indicated for deactivation may be referred to as an L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell set or a deactivated L1 / L2 mobility cell set or an LTM deactivated cell set. The L1 / L2 mobility activated cell set may be a group of cells in the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set that are activated and can be easily used for data and control transfer. The L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell set (which may be an L1 / L2 mobility candidate cell set) may be a group of cells in a configured set that are configured for UEs that have not been deactivated (e.g., not used for data / control transfer before activation) and may be activated by L1 / L2 signaling. Once activated, the deactivated cells may be used for data and control transfer. The configuration and maintenance of multiple candidate cells may allow for faster application of configuration for candidate cells, and the activated set of cells may provide for dynamic switching between candidate serving cells (e.g., including special cells (SpCells) and SCells) based on L1 or L2 signaling.

[0089] The L1 / L2-based inter-cell mobility or LTM process is applicable to many scenarios. These scenarios may include standalone CA and NR-DC cases where the serving cell changes within one CG, intra-DU cases and intra-CU inter-DU cases (applicable to standalone and CA where no new RAN interface is expected), intra-frequency and inter-frequency cases, FR1 and FR2 cases. In these scenarios, the source cell and the target cell can be synchronized or asynchronous.

[0090] For mobility management of an activated cell set, L1 / L2 signaling may be used to activate / deactivate cells in an L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set and to select beams within the activated cells (of the activated cell set). As the UE moves, cells from the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set may be deactivated and activated by L1 / L2 signaling based on signal quality (e.g., based on measurements), load, etc. Example measurements may include cell coverage measurements represented by radio signal received power (RSRP) and quality represented by radio signal received quality (RSRQ), or other measurements performed by the UE on signals from a base station. In some aspects, these measurements may be L1 measurements such as one or more of RSRP, RSRQ, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurements of various signals such as SSB, PSS, SSS, broadcast channel (BCH), DM-RS, CSI-RS, etc.

[0091] In some aspects, all cells in the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set may belong to the same DU, and the cells may be on the same or different carrier frequencies.The cells in the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set may cover a mobility area.

[0092] Figure 5 FIG5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cell configuration. Figure 5 As illustrated, a CU 502 (which may correspond to a component of a base station such as a gNB) may be associated with a first DU 504 (as well as other DUs). An L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set 506 may be associated with the first DU 504 and may include an L1 / L2 mobility activated cell set 508 and an L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell set 510. The L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set 506 may also include one or more cells that are not in the current L1 / L2 mobility activated cell set 508 or the current L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell set 510. For example, at a given time, the L1 / L2 mobility activated cell set 508 may include a first subset of the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set, and the L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell set 510 may include a second, non-overlapping subset of the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set. One or more cells in the L1 / L2 mobility configured cell set that are not in the first subset (e.g., activated) or the second subset (e.g., deactivated) may be retained. The UE 512 may use cells in the L1 / L2 mobility activated cell set 508 for data channel and control channel communications.

[0093] The UE may be provided with a subset of L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cells (a set of candidate cells), which the UE may autonomously choose to add to the set of L1 / L2 mobility activated cells. For example, the UE may add cells in the subset of L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cells to the set of L1 / L2 mobility activated cells based on measurements (e.g., measured channel quality), load, etc. In some aspects, each RU in the RU may have multiple component carriers (CCs) (N CCs) support (where each CC is a cell). In some aspects, activation or deactivation may be performed for a carrier (cell) group. For PCell management, L1 / L2 signaling may be used to set the PCell from the configuration options within the activated cell set. In some aspects, when the new PCell is not from the activated cell set for L1 / L2 mobility, L3 mobility may be used for PCell changes (L3 handover). For example, RRC signaling may be used to update the set of cells used for L1 / L2 mobility at the L3 handover. In some aspects, the L1 / L2 mobility configuration cell may be associated with the PCell configuration rather than the PCell. The PCell configuration may be activated, and one of the L1 / L2 mobility activated cells (e.g., in the L1 / L2 mobility activated cell set) may be activated based on L1 / L2 signaling to become a PCell. In some aspects, the L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell (e.g., in the L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell set) may support L1 measurements to facilitate adequate beam management, timing synchronization, power control, etc. For the L1 / L2 mobility deactivated cell, measurement reporting may be performed on the activated cell.

[0094] A network node (e.g., a base station) can use Layer 3 (L3) handover (e.g., using Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling) to change the SpCell for a UE. However, L3 handover can be time consuming and / or inefficient. Compared to L3 (RRC)-based methods, a network node utilizing an improved L1 / L2 signaling scheme can change one or more cells for a UE in a faster manner. In one example, a UE receives an L1 or L2 mobility cell configuration for a set of cells for L1 or L2 inter-cell mobility. The set of cells may include multiple cells, and each cell in the set of cells can be activated or deactivated for data and / or control transfer using L1 or L2 signaling. The UE receives L1 or L2 signaling indicating multiple activated cells, and uses the L1 or L2 signaling to activate one or more of the multiple activated cells in a priority order for data and / or control transfer. Via the aforementioned L1 or L2 signaling, one or more cells (including SpCells and SCells) can be activated and / or deactivated in a manner that avoids RRC-based signaling. Thus, cells can be activated and / or deactivated in a faster manner compared to RRC based signaling. Additionally, cells can be activated in a priority order to further facilitate more efficient and robust mobility management.

[0095] The base station may configure a cell set for L1 / L2 mobility to the UE, for example, in RRC signaling. This cell set may be referred to as a configured L1 / L2 mobility set. A subset of cells in the configured set may be activated and may be used for data and control transfer between the UE and the network. The subset of activated cells may be referred to as an activated L1 / L2 mobility cell set. A subset of the configured L1 / L2 mobility set may be deactivated and may be referred to as a deactivated L1 / L2 mobility set. The deactivated L1 / L2 cell set may be activated for the UE via L1 / L2 signaling from the network.

[0096] In conditional handover, a set of candidate cells (including cell IDs, system information, etc.) and handover conditions are preconfigured via RRC. When one of the configured candidate cells meets the configured conditions, the UE initiates the handover process by sending a PRACH to the candidate cell. The new serving cell notifies the previous serving cell of the handover completion. Due to a lack of channel state information between the UE and the new cell, for example, the DL / UL channels between the UE and the new cell may not be immediately available for high-speed / high-volume traffic.

[0097] For enhanced mobility, the UE may be pre-configured with a set of candidate cells (including cell ID, system information, etc.), and the UE may be expected to keep performing L1 and L3 measurements for the configured candidate cells. A handover towards a specific cell among the pre-configured candidate cells will be initiated via L1 and / or L2 messages. Once the handover process is complete, the handover allows the DL / UL channels on the new link to be immediately available for high-speed / high-volume services. As part of the fast handover process, a seamless UL power control mechanism is utilized to improve communications. Otherwise, even when the timing advance (TA) of the new cell is obtained by other means, DL / UL transmission / reception may be delayed, except for the PRACH and random access response (RAR) for UL power control initialization.

[0098] Figure 6 FIG6 is a diagram 600 illustrating a system model of an example cell configuration. Figure 6 As shown, UE 602 can be configured with a cell set (Cell1, ..., Cell8) for L1 / L2 mobility. The cell set can be configured through radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The cell set can be on the same frequency and can utilize the existing mechanism of carrier aggregation (CA) to achieve L1 / L2 mobility. The cells in the configured set can be further characterized into two groups: activated cells and deactivated cells. Activated cells are serving cells that are currently active and can be used for data and control transfer. Deactivated cells are serving cells that are currently deactivated (and therefore do not have active data or control communication with UE 602) but can be quickly activated through L1 / L2 signaling from the network to the UE.

[0099] UE 602 may be a mobile device and may move while communicating with cells in a configured set of cells. L1 / L2 signaling may be used to activate / deactivate cells in the set and select beams within the activated cells. For example, as UE 602 moves, the serving cell may change based on, for example, the location of the UE and measurement reports using L1 / L2 signaling. A group of cells may be activated at a time. L1 / L2 signaling may be used to set a PCell from the configured PCell options within the set of activated cells. When the new PCell is not from the configured cell set for L1 / L2 mobility, L3 mobility may be used for PCell change (L3 handover), and RRC signaling may update the cell set for L1 / L2 mobility upon L3 handover.

[0100] Example aspects presented herein provide methods and apparatus for configuring measurement gaps for L1 measurements in LTM. In wireless communications, a measurement gap is a time period reserved for a UE to perform measurements on DL signals (e.g., measurements of the signal quality of the DL signals). The signal to be measured within the measurement gap may be from, for example, a candidate cell (e.g., a non-serving cell) of the UE, and the candidate cell may operate at the same or different frequency or subcarrier spacing as the UE's serving cell. For example, the UE may measure the SSB of a neighboring cell within the measurement gap. Depending on the operating band and type of the candidate cell, the UE may perform intra-frequency measurements (for candidate cells operating on the same frequency band as the serving cell), inter-frequency measurements (for candidate cells operating on a different frequency band than the serving cell), or inter-RAT measurements (for inter-RAT candidate cells) within the measurement gap. The UE may not send or receive other signals within the measurement gap.

[0101] The network may configure measurement gaps for the UE via RRC signaling (e.g., using the MeasGapConfig information element (IE)). The measurement gap configuration may indicate the characteristics of the measurement gap, which may include a gap time offset (relative starting position (subframe) of the gap), a gap length (e.g., 3 ms, 6 ms, or 10 ms), and a measurement gap periodicity (e.g., 20 ms, 40 ms, or 80 ms).

[0102] Figure 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example measurement gap pattern. Figure 7 An example measurement gap pattern may include multiple measurement gaps, each measurement gap occupying, for example, four subframes (subframes #4 to #7). The gap length of each measurement gap is 4 ms (assuming each subframe is 1 ms), and the periodicity of the measurement gap is 40 ms.

[0103] The measurement gaps may be used for measurement of candidate cells in L1 / L2 mobility or LTM. Figure 8 FIG8 is a diagram 800 illustrating an example measurement gap for LTM measurements. Figure 8As shown, a DCI may trigger L1 measurement and reporting, which may instruct the UE to measure a candidate SpCell 804, which may operate on a different frequency band than the active SpCell 802. To perform L1 measurements, the UE may be configured with a measurement gap 806. The measurement gap 806 may include one or more measurement windows, such as a window 808 configured by an SSB-based measurement timing configuration (SMTC), which may be referred to as an SMTC window. The UE may also be configured with one or more RSs (e.g., SSB 810 and SSB 812) within the one or more measurement windows (e.g., window 808). The UE may perform measurements on the one or more RSs (e.g., SSB 810 and SSB 812) and report the measurement results, for example, in a PUSCH.

[0104] Inter-frequency resources in L1 measurements may include time gaps for RF tuning (e.g., adjustments to transmission characteristics for measurements performed on different frequency bands), and existing L3 measurement gap configurations may not be efficient for L1 measurements. For example, the L1 measurement RS may be a small subset of the L3 measurement RS, and L1 measurements may be performed on demand, and thus the associated measurement gaps may also be on demand. Therefore, measurement gaps configured for L3 measurements may not be suitable for L1 measurements. Example aspects presented herein provide measurement gap configurations for inter-frequency RS measurements of candidate cells in LTM. In some examples, the measurement gap configuration may be based on an RRC configuration structure with some modifications, and pre-verification of the RRC configuration of the candidate cell may not be required.

[0105] In some aspects, for L1 measurements in LTM, the L1 inter-frequency RS in the resource set associated with the configured L1 CSI report in the active cell may be associated with at least one L1 measurement gap. In some examples, if no actual measurement is performed during the measurement gap, the UE may ignore the L1 measurement gap. In this disclosure, "inter-frequency RS" may refer to RS associated with inter-frequency measurements. "L1 inter-frequency RS" may refer to inter-frequency RS associated with L1 measurements.

[0106] In some aspects, an L1 measurement gap configuration may be based on an L3 measurement gap configuration. An L1 measurement gap configuration may be a configuration of a measurement gap for L1 measurements in layer 1 (L1) or lower layers. For example, an L1 measurement gap configuration may include configurations for a gap length (e.g., represented by a parameter Mgl), a gap time offset (e.g., represented by a parameter gapOffset), and a gap periodicity (e.g., represented by a parameter Mgrp). In some aspects, where multiple gaps are configured, an L1 measurement gap configuration may also include a gap ID (e.g., represented by a parameter measGapId) and a gap priority.

[0107] In some aspects, for indicating a measurement gap for L1 inter-frequency measurements (used for CSI measurements in Layer 1), a measurement gap identifier (ID) may be associated with an L1 resource set for an inter-frequency RS. In some aspects, for indicating a measurement gap for L1 inter-frequency measurements, the measurement gap may be associated with an RS configuration (e.g., an RRC configuration of "SSB-MTC-LTM," or an SSB-MTC-LTM configuration), which may include the measured inter-frequency RS. In one example, each RS configuration (e.g., within an SSB-MTC-LTM configuration) may be associated with one measurement gap ID. In another example, different RS configurations (e.g., within different SSB-MTC-LTM configurations) may be associated with the same gap ID. In another example, different RS configurations (e.g., within different SSB-MTC-LTM configurations) may each be associated with a different gap ID.

[0108] Figure 9 FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example L1 measurement gap configuration according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 9 As shown, the UE may be configured with a serving cell. The serving cell's configuration for active cells (e.g., ServingCellConfig 902) may include a configuration for CSI measurement (e.g., CSI-MeasConfig 904), which may also include a CSI reporting configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig 906). The CSI reporting configuration may indicate an L1 measurement resource set (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSet 908). The L1 measurement resource set (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSet 908) may be configured with multiple RSs (e.g., RS 0, RS 1, ..., RS N-1) and a measurement gap ID (e.g., Associated-Gap-Id 910) associated with the measurement resource set (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSet 908). The measurement gap ID may refer to a measurement gap configuration (e.g., Gap-config), which may include configurations for a gap type, a gap offset, a gap length, and a gap periodicity. Through RRC configuration, each RS in the RSs configured in the measurement resource set (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSet 908) (e.g., RS 0, RS 1, ..., RS N-1) may be configured with an RS configuration, which may include a configuration for an SSB (e.g., SSB x), a physical cell index (PCI) (e.g., PCI mi), associated frequency information (e.g., Freq m), and associated subcarrier spacing (SCS) information (e.g., SCSm). Different RSs may have different RS configurations.

[0109] Figure 10A FIG1 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 10A As shown, the UE may be configured with multiple SMTC windows (e.g., SMTC window 1 and SMTC window 2), within which the UE may be configured with SSBs for measurement. If multiple SMTC windows are associated with the same resource set, the UE may be configured with a measurement gap (e.g., gap 1) that includes all multiple SMTC windows.

[0110] Figure 10B is a diagram 1050 illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 10B As shown, the UE may be configured with one measurement gap for one RS configuration including one RS. For example, the UE may be configured with one measurement gap (e.g., Gap 1) for one SMTC window (e.g., SMTC Window 1) that may include one RS (e.g., SSB). The UE may also be configured with another measurement gap (e.g., Gap 2) for another SMTC window (e.g., SMTC Window 2) that may include one RS (e.g., SSB).

[0111] In some aspects, time gaps may be used for L1 inter-frequency measurements, and the measured RSs may be included in the associated time gaps.Time gaps may be implemented with respect to RSs in various schemes.

[0112] In some examples, the time gap may include multiple individual gaps. Each individual gap may be configured for one of the multiple RSs, and different RSs may have different associated gap lengths for the associated individual gaps. Figure 11A is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure. For example, referring to Figure 11A , the time slot may include multiple individual slots (e.g., slot 1, slot 2, and slot 3). Each individual slot may be configured for one RS (e.g., RS1, RS2, or RS3) among the multiple RSs, and different RSs may have different associated slot lengths for the associated individual slots (the lengths of slot 1, slot 2, and slot 3 may be different).

[0113] In some examples, the time gap may include multiple individual gaps. A common gap length may be configured (or configured by default) for all RSs in an RS set, and different RSs may have the same gap length for associated individual gaps. Figure 11B is a diagram 1120 illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure. For example, referring to Figure 11BFor multiple individual gaps (e.g., individual gaps for RS1, RS2, and RS 3), a common gap length may be configured (or configured by default) for all RSs in an RS set, and different RSs (RS1, RS2, and RS 3) may have the same gap length for associated individual gaps.

[0114] In some examples, the time slot may include multiple individual slots. Each individual slot may be configured for an RS set (e.g., per CSI-SSB-ResourceSet). The RS set may include all measured RSs. Figure 11C is a diagram 1140 illustrating an example measurement gap according to various aspects of the present disclosure. For example, referring to Figure 11C If multiple RSs (eg, RS1, RS2, and RS3) belong to the same RS set, a separate gap (eg, Gap 1) may be configured for all RSs in the RS set (RS1, RS2, and RS3 combined).

[0115] In some examples, the time slot may include multiple separate slots. Separate slots may be configured per frequency band and / or per SCS. For example, Figure 11C If multiple RSs (eg, RS1, RS2, and RS3) are associated with the same frequency band or the same SCS, a separate gap (eg, Gap 1) may be configured for all RSs (RS1, RS2, and RS3 combined).

[0116] The configuration of the time gap may include the length of the time gap (which may be represented by, for example, the parameter mgl). The configuration of the time gap may also include the offset of the time gap (which may be represented by, for example, the parameter gapOffset) and the periodicity of the time gap (which may be represented by, for example, the parameter mgrp).

[0117] Figure 12 12 is a call flow diagram illustrating a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Although various aspects are described with respect to base station 1204, these aspects may be performed by base stations in an aggregation and / or by one or more components of base station 1204 (e.g., such as CU 110, DU 130, and / or RU 140).

[0118] like Figure 12 As shown, UE 1202 may obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM. The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. UE 1202 may obtain the indication from base station 1204. For example, referring to Figure 11A, the indication may include one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (RS1, RS2, and RS3) for LTM, and the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3) associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3).

[0119] At 1208, UE 1202 may perform one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 8 , the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, SSB 810 and SSB 812). Figure 11A , the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, RS1, RS2, and RS3).

[0120] At 1210, UE 1202 may send one or more L1 measurements to base station 1204. For example, referring to Figure 8 , the UE may send one or more L1 measurements to the base station 1204 in the PUSCH.

[0121] Figure 13 1300 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wireless communication at a UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a UE. The UE may be Figure 17 The method implements various measurement gap configurations for inter-frequency RS for LTM, thereby enhancing the flexibility of inter-frequency LTM measurement and improving the efficiency of wireless communication.

[0122] like Figure 13 As shown, at 1302, the UE may obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM. The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The network entity may be Figure 1 A base station or a component of a base station in an access network, or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 1204; or Figure 17 Network entity 1702 in the hardware specific implementation). Figure 9 、 Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B 、 Figure 11A 、 Figure 11B 、 Figure 11C and Figure 12 Various aspects of the steps associated with flowchart 1300 are illustrated. For example, referring to Figure 12, UE 1202 may obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM at 1206. Figure 11A , the indication may include one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3) for LTM, and the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3) associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3). Figure 11C In some aspects, 1302 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 198.

[0123] At 1304, the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 12 , UE 1202 may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs at 1208. Figure 8 , the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, SSB 810 and SSB 812). Figure 11A , the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, RS1, RS2, and RS3). In some aspects, 1304 may be performed by measurement gap configuring component 198.

[0124] Figure 14 1400 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wireless communication at a UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a UE. The UE may be Figure 17 The method implements various measurement gap configurations for inter-frequency RS for LTM, thereby enhancing the flexibility of inter-frequency LTM measurement and improving the efficiency of wireless communication.

[0125] like Figure 14 As shown, at 1402, the UE may obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM. The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The network entity may be Figure 1 A base station or a component of a base station in an access network, or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 1204; or Figure 17 Network entity 1702 in the hardware specific implementation). Figure 9 、 Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B 、 Figure 11A 、 Figure 11B 、 Figure 11C and Figure 12 Various aspects of the steps associated with flowchart 1400 are illustrated. For example, referring to Figure 12 , UE 1202 may obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM at 1206. Figure 11A , the indication may include one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3) for LTM, and the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3) associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3). Figure 11C In some aspects, 1402 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 198.

[0126] At 1404, the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 12 , UE 1202 may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs at 1208. Figure 8 , the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, SSB 810 and SSB 812). Figure 11A , the UE may perform one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, RS1, RS2, and RS3). In some aspects, 1404 may be performed by measurement gap configuring component 198.

[0127] In some aspects, the L1 measurement gap configuration may be based on the L3 measurement gap configuration, and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include one or more of the following: a gap length of at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap time offset of at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap periodicity of at least one L1 measurement gap; and a gap ID of at least one L1 measurement gap. For example, referring to Figure 9 , the L1 measurement gap configuration may include one or more of the following: a gap length of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., mgl); a gap time offset of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., gapOffset); a gap periodicity of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., mgrp); and a gap ID of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., Associated-Gap-Id 910).

[0128] In some aspects, at 1406, the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating a plurality of L1 measurement gaps including at least one L1 measurement gap. The L1 measurement gap configuration may include a gap priority for each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps. For example, referring to Figure 10B The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating a plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., Gap 1 and Gap 2), and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include a gap priority for each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., a priority for Gap 1 and a priority for Gap 2). In some aspects, 1406 may be performed by the measurement gap configuration component 198.

[0129] In some aspects, at 1408, the at least one L1 measurement gap may be an L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 9 At least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., a gap referenced by Associated-Gap-Id 910) may be an L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSet 908) for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS 0, RS 1, ..., RS N-1). In some aspects, 1408 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 198.

[0130] In some aspects, at 1410, the at least one L1 measurement gap may include a plurality of L1 measurement gaps, and each L1 measurement gap in the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with an RS configuration for one of the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11A In some aspects, 1410 may be performed by the measurement gap configuration component 198.

[0131] In some aspects, each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with a gap ID of the plurality of gap IDs, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with the same gap ID. Figure 11B, each L1 measurement gap in a plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., gaps associated with RS1, RS2, and RS 3) may be associated with one gap ID (e.g., the ID of gap 1) among a plurality of gap IDs, respectively, and a plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., gaps associated with RS1, RS2, and RS 3) may be associated with the same gap ID (e.g., the ID of gap 1).

[0132] In some aspects, each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with a gap ID of the plurality of gap IDs, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with different gap IDs. Figure 11A , each L1 measurement gap in a plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., gaps associated with RS1, RS2, and RS3) may be associated with one gap ID among a plurality of gap IDs (e.g., IDs of gap 1, gap 2, and gap 3), respectively, and a plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with different gap IDs (e.g., gap 1 for the gap associated with RS1, gap 2 for the gap associated with RS2, and gap 3 for the gap associated with RS3).

[0133] In some aspects, at 1412, at least one L1 measurement gap may include one or more separate time slots associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11A At least one L1 measurement gap may include one or more separate time slots associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3) (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3 may be considered separate time slots). In some aspects, 1412 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 198.

[0134] In some aspects, each of the one or more separate time slots may be configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS of the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, respectively. Figure 11A , each of the one or more individual time slots (e.g., gap 1, gap 2, and gap 3) can be configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS among the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., gap 1 for RS1, gap 2 for RS2, and gap 3 for RS 3).

[0135] In some aspects, one or more individual time slots may have the same slot length. Figure 11B , one or more individual time slots (eg, slots associated with RS1, RS2, and RS3) have the same slot length (eg, the length of slot 1).

[0136] In some aspects, the one or more separate time slots may include a separate time slot configured for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11C , the one or more separate time slots may include a separate time slot (eg, slot 1) configured for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, slot 1 is configured for RS1, RS2, and RS3).

[0137] In some aspects, each of the one or more separate time slots can be configured for at least one of: a frequency band associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs in one or more frequency bands, or an SCS associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs in a plurality of SCSs. Figure 11A , one or more separate time slots (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3) may be configured for at least one of: a frequency band associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS 3) in one or more frequency bands, or an SCS associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS 3) in multiple SCSs.

[0138] In some aspects, the time location of the one or more individual time slots may be associated with a network entity or derived by the UE based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The time location of the one or more individual time slots may include one or more of the following: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots and a set of slot periodicities for the one or more individual time slots. For example, referring to Figure 12 and Figure 11A The time positions of one or more individual time slots (e.g., Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3) may be associated with a network entity (base station 1204) or derived by UE 1202 based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3). The time positions of one or more individual time slots (e.g., Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3) may include one or more of the following: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots (e.g., the slot time offsets for Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3); and a set of slot periodicities for the one or more individual time slots (e.g., the slot periodicities for Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3).

[0139] In some aspects, to obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, the UE may be configured to: receive an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM from a network entity. For example, referring to Figure 12To obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, the UE 1202 may be configured to receive an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM from a network entity (base station 1204) (at 1206).

[0140] Figure 15 1500 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wireless communication at a network entity according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a network entity. The network entity may be Figure 1 A base station or a component of a base station in an access network, or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 1204; or Figure 17 The method implements various measurement gap configurations for inter-frequency RSs used for LTM. This enhances the flexibility of inter-frequency LTM measurements and improves the efficiency of wireless communications.

[0141] like Figure 15 As shown, at 1502, the network entity may send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM. The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The UE may be Figure 17 UE 104, 350, 1202 or device 1704 in a hardware specific implementation of. Figure 9 、 Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B 、 Figure 11A 、 Figure 11B 、 Figure 11C and Figure 12 Various aspects of the steps associated with flowchart 1500 are illustrated. For example, referring to Figure 12 , the network entity (base station 1204) may send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM at 1206. The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11A , the indication may include one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3) for LTM, and the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3) associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS 3). Figure 11C In some aspects, 1502 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 199.

[0142] At 1504, the network entity may obtain one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 12 , the network entity (base station 1204) can obtain one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs at 1210. In some aspects, 1504 can be performed by measurement gap configuring component 199.

[0143] Figure 16 1600 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wireless communication at a network entity according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a network entity. The network entity may be Figure 1 A base station or a component of a base station in an access network, or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 1204; or Figure 17 The method implements various measurement gap configurations for inter-frequency RSs used for LTM. This enhances the flexibility of inter-frequency LTM measurements and improves the efficiency of wireless communications.

[0144] like Figure 16 As shown, at 1602, the network entity may send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM. The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The UE may be Figure 17 UE 104, 350, 1202 or device 1704 in a hardware specific implementation of. Figure 9 、 Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B 、 Figure 11A 、 Figure 11B 、 Figure 11C and Figure 12 Various aspects of the steps associated with flowchart 1600 are illustrated. For example, referring to Figure 12 , the network entity (base station 1204) may send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM at 1206. The indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11A , the indication may include one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3) for LTM, and the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3) associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS 3). Figure 11CIn some aspects, 1602 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 199.

[0145] At 1604, the network entity may obtain one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 12 , the network entity (base station 1204) can obtain one or more L1 measurements based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs at 1210. In some aspects, 1604 can be performed by measurement gap configuring component 199.

[0146] In some aspects, the L1 measurement gap configuration may be based on the L3 measurement gap configuration, and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include one or more of the following: a gap length of at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap time offset of at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap periodicity of at least one L1 measurement gap; and a gap ID of at least one L1 measurement gap. For example, referring to Figure 9 , the L1 measurement gap configuration may include one or more of the following: a gap length of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., mgl); a gap time offset of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., gapOffset); a gap periodicity of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., mgrp); and a gap ID of at least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., Associated-Gap-Id 910).

[0147] In some aspects, at 1606, the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating a plurality of L1 measurement gaps including at least one L1 measurement gap, and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include a gap priority for each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps. For example, referring to Figure 10B In some aspects, 1606 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 199.

[0148] In some aspects, at 1608, the at least one L1 measurement gap may include an L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 9At least one L1 measurement gap (e.g., a gap referenced by Associated-Gap-Id 910) may include an L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSet 908) for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS 0, RS 1, ..., RS N-1). In some aspects, 1608 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 199.

[0149] In some aspects, at 1610, the at least one L1 measurement gap may be a plurality of L1 measurement gaps, and each L1 measurement gap in the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with an RS configuration for one of the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11A In some aspects, 1610 may be performed by the measurement gap configuration component 199.

[0150] In some aspects, each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with a gap ID of the plurality of gap IDs, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with the same gap ID. Figure 11B , each L1 measurement gap in a plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., gaps associated with RS1, RS2, and RS 3) may be associated with one gap ID (e.g., the ID of gap 1) among a plurality of gap IDs, respectively, and a plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., gaps associated with RS1, RS2, and RS 3) may be associated with the same gap ID (e.g., the ID of gap 1).

[0151] In some aspects, each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with a gap ID of the plurality of gap IDs, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with different gap IDs. Figure 11A , each L1 measurement gap in a plurality of L1 measurement gaps (e.g., gaps associated with RS1, RS2, and RS3) may be associated with one gap ID among a plurality of gap IDs (e.g., IDs of gap 1, gap 2, and gap 3), respectively, and a plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with different gap IDs (e.g., gap 1 for the gap associated with RS1, gap 2 for the gap associated with RS2, and gap 3 for the gap associated with RS3).

[0152] In some aspects, at 1612, at least one L1 measurement gap may include one or more separate time slots associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11A At least one L1 measurement gap may include one or more separate time slots associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3) (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3 may be considered separate time slots). In some aspects, 1612 may be performed by measurement gap configuration component 199.

[0153] In some aspects, each of the one or more separate time slots may be configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS of the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, respectively. Figure 11A , each of the one or more individual time slots (e.g., gap 1, gap 2, and gap 3) can be configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS among the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., gap 1 for RS1, gap 2 for RS2, and gap 3 for RS 3).

[0154] In some aspects, one or more individual time slots may have the same slot length. Figure 11B , one or more individual time slots (eg, slots associated with RS1, RS2, and RS3) have the same slot length (eg, the length of slot 1).

[0155] In some aspects, the one or more separate time slots may include a separate time slot configured for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Figure 11C , the one or more separate time slots may include a separate time slot (eg, slot 1) configured for one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (eg, slot 1 is configured for RS1, RS2, and RS3).

[0156] In some aspects, each of the one or more separate time slots can be configured for at least one of: a frequency band associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs in one or more frequency bands, or an SCS associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs in a plurality of SCSs. Figure 11A , one or more separate time slots (e.g., Gap 1, Gap 2, and Gap 3) may be configured for at least one of: a frequency band associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS 3) in one or more frequency bands, or an SCS associated with one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS 3) in multiple SCSs.

[0157] In some aspects, the time location of the one or more individual time slots may be configured by a network entity or based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, and the time location of the one or more individual time slots may include one or more of the following: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots and a set of slot periodicities for the one or more individual time slots. For example, referring to Figure 12 and Figure 11A The time positions of one or more individual time slots (e.g., Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3) may be associated with a network entity (base station 1204) or derived by UE 1202 based on one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs (e.g., RS1, RS2, and RS3). The time positions of one or more individual time slots (e.g., Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3) may include one or more of the following: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots (e.g., the slot time offsets for Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3) and a set of slot periodicities for the one or more individual time slots (e.g., the slot periodicities for Slot 1, Slot 2, and Slot 3).

[0158] In some aspects, to send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, the network entity may be configured to send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM to the UE, and to obtain one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, the network entity may be configured to receive one or more L1 measurements from the UE based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. For example, referring to Figure 12 In order to send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, the network entity (base station 1204) may be configured to send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM to UE 1202 at 1206, and in order to obtain one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, the network entity (base station 1204) may be configured to receive one or more L1 measurements from UE 1202 based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs at 1210.

[0159] Figure 1717 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1704. The apparatus 1704 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1704 may include a cellular baseband processor 1724 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1722 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1724 may include on-chip memory 1724′. In some aspects, the apparatus 1704 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1720 and an application processor 1706 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1708 and a screen 1710. The application processor 1706 may include on-chip memory 1706′. In some aspects, the device 1704 may also include a Bluetooth module 1712, a WLAN module 1714, an SPS module 1716 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1718 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1726, a power source 1730, and / or a camera 1732. The Bluetooth module 1712, the WLAN module 1714, and the SPS module 1716 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1712, the WLAN module 1714, and the SPS module 1716 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize an antenna 1780 for communication. The cellular baseband processor 1724 communicates with the UE 104 and / or RUs associated with the network entity 1702 via one or more antennas 1780 through the transceiver 1722. The cellular baseband processor 1724 and the application processor 1706 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1724', 1706', respectively. The additional memory module 1726 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1724', 1706', 1726 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1724 and the application processor 1706 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706, this software enables the cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1704 may be a processor chip (modem and / or applications) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or the application processor 1706, and in another configuration, the device 1704 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 UE 350) and includes additional modules of device 1704.

[0160] As discussed above, component 198 may be configured to obtain an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and perform one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Component 198 may also be configured to perform in conjunction with Figure 13 or Figure 14 Any of the aspects described in the flowcharts of, and / or by Figure 12 Any of the aspects performed by the UE 1202 in . Component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1724, the application processor 1706, or within both the cellular baseband processor 1724 and the application processor 1706. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, the apparatus 1704 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1704 and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or the application processor 1706 include: means for obtaining an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and means for performing one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The apparatus 1704 may also include means for performing in conjunction with Figure 13 and Figure 14 Aspects of the flowcharts described and / or by Figure 121704 is a component of any of the aspects performed by the UE 1202 in the embodiment of the present invention. A component may be a component 198 of the apparatus 1704 configured to perform the functions recited by the component. As described above, the apparatus 1704 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, a component may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0161] Figure 18 Figure 1800 illustrates an example hardware implementation for a network entity 1802. Network entity 1802 may be a base station (BS), a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. Network entity 1802 may include at least one of a CU 1810, a DU 1830, or a RU 1840. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 1802 may include a CU 1810; both the CU 1810 and the DU 1830; each of the CU 1810, the DU 1830, and the RU 1840; the DU 1830; both the DU 1830 and the RU 1840; or the RU 1840. CU 1810 may include a CU processor 1812. CU processor 1812 may include on-chip memory 1812′. In some aspects, CU 1810 may also include an additional memory module 1814 and a communication interface 1818. The CU 1810 communicates with the DU 1830 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 1830 may include a DU processor 1832. The DU processor 1832 may include on-chip memory 1832′. In some aspects, the DU 1830 may also include an additional memory module 1834 and a communication interface 1838. The DU 1830 communicates with the RU 1840 via a fronthaul link. The RU 1840 may include a RU processor 1842. The RU processor 1842 may include on-chip memory 1842′. In some aspects, the RU 1840 may also include an additional memory module 1844, one or more transceivers 1846, an antenna 1880, and a communication interface 1848. The RU 1840 communicates with the UE 104. On-chip memories 1812', 1832', 1842' and additional memory modules 1814, 1834, 1844 can each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1812, 1832, 1842 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0162] As discussed above, component 199 may be configured to send an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and obtain one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. Component 199 may also be configured to perform a combination Figure 15 or Figure 16 Any aspects of the various aspects described by the flowchart, and / or by Figure 12 Any of the aspects performed by the base station 1204 in . Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 1810, DU 1830, and RU 1840. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 1802 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1802 includes: a component for sending an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and a component for obtaining one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The network entity 1802 may also include a component for performing a combined Figure 15 and Figure 16 Aspects of the flowcharts described and / or by Figure 12 1804. A component may be a component 199 of the network entity 1802 configured to perform the functions recited by the component. As described above, the network entity 1802 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the component may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0163] The present disclosure provides a method for wireless communication at a UE. The method may include: obtaining an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and performing one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The method implements various measurement gap configurations for the inter-frequency RSs used for LTM. This method enhances the flexibility of inter-frequency LTM measurements and improves the efficiency of wireless communication.

[0164] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of an exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims provide elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0165] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless specifically stated, references to elements in the singular do not mean "one and only one", but rather "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when" and "while" do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...", do not imply immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the action to occur. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance or illustration". Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be interpreted as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple As, multiple Bs, or multiple Cs. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, where any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from a second device or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. A device configured to "output" data (such as, transmit, signal or message) may (for example) send the data with a transceiver, or may transmit the data to a device that sends the data. A device configured to "obtain" data (such as, transmit, signal or message) may (for example) receive the data with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. The information stored in the memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later become known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims.Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. Words such as "module," "mechanism," "element," and "device" are not intended to replace the word "component." Thus, no claim element is to be construed as part-plus-function unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0166] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0167] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0168] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: obtaining an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and performing one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0169] Aspect 2 is a method according to aspect 1, wherein the L1 measurement gap configuration may be based on the L3 measurement gap configuration, and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include one or more of the following: a gap length of the at least one L1 measurement gap, a gap time offset of the at least one L1 measurement gap, a gap periodicity of the at least one L1 measurement gap, and a gap ID of the at least one L1 measurement gap.

[0170] Aspect 3 is a method according to aspect 2, wherein the indication may include an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating a plurality of L1 measurement gaps including the at least one L1 measurement gap, and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include a gap priority of each L1 measurement gap in the plurality of L1 measurement gaps.

[0171] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap may be an L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0172] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap may include multiple L1 measurement gaps, and each L1 measurement gap in the multiple L1 measurement gaps may be associated with an RS configuration for one L1 inter-frequency RS among the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0173] Aspect 6 is the method according to aspect 5, wherein each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with one of a plurality of gap IDs, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with the same gap ID.

[0174] Aspect 7 is the method according to aspect 5, wherein each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with one of a plurality of gap IDs, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with different gap IDs.

[0175] Aspect 8 is the method according to aspect 1, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap may include one or more separate time slots associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0176] Aspect 9 is the method according to aspect 8, wherein each of the one or more separate time slots can be configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS among the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, respectively.

[0177] Aspect 10 is the method of aspect 8, wherein the one or more separate time slots may have the same slot length.

[0178] Aspect 11 is the method according to aspect 8, wherein the one or more separate time slots may include a separate time slot configured for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0179] Aspect 12 is a method according to Aspect 8, wherein each of the one or more separate time slots can be configured for at least one of the following: a frequency band in one or more frequency bands associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, or an SCS in multiple SCSs associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0180] Aspect 13 is a method according to aspect 8, wherein the time position of the one or more individual time slots may be associated with a network entity or derived by the UE based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The time position of the one or more individual time slots may include one or more of the following: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots; and a set of slot periodicities for the one or more individual time slots.

[0181] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein obtaining the indication including the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs used for the LTM may include: receiving the indication including the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs used for the LTM from a network entity.

[0182] Aspect 15 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor being configured to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0183] Aspect 16 is the apparatus of aspect 15, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna, the at least one of the transceiver or the antenna being coupled to the at least one processor and configured to obtain the indication.

[0184] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0185] Aspect 18 is a computer-readable medium (eg, a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0186] Aspect 19 is a method of wireless communication at a network entity. The method may include: sending an indication including one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for LTM, wherein the indication includes an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and obtaining one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0187] Aspect 20 is a method according to aspect 19, wherein the L1 measurement gap configuration may be based on the L3 measurement gap configuration, and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include one or more of the following: a gap length of the at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap time offset of the at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap periodicity of the at least one L1 measurement gap; and a gap ID of the at least one L1 measurement gap.

[0188] Aspect 21 is a method according to aspect 20, wherein the indication may include the L1 measurement gap configuration indicating a plurality of L1 measurement gaps including the at least one L1 measurement gap, and the L1 measurement gap configuration may include a gap priority of each L1 measurement gap in the plurality of L1 measurement gaps.

[0189] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 20, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap may include one L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0190] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 20, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap may include multiple L1 measurement gaps, and each L1 measurement gap in the multiple L1 measurement gaps may be associated with an RS configuration for one L1 inter-frequency RS among the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0191] Aspect 24 is a method according to aspect 23, wherein each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with one of a plurality of gap IDs, respectively, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps may be associated with the same gap ID.

[0192] Aspect 25 is a method according to aspect 23, wherein each L1 measurement gap in the plurality of L1 measurement gaps can be associated with one gap ID in a plurality of gap IDs, and the plurality of L1 measurement gaps can be associated with different gap IDs.

[0193] Aspect 26 is a method according to aspect 19, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap may include one or more separate time slots associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0194] Aspect 27 is a method according to aspect 26, wherein each of the one or more separate time slots can be configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS among the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, respectively.

[0195] Aspect 28 is a method according to aspect 26, wherein the one or more individual time slots may have the same slot length.

[0196] Aspect 29 is a method according to aspect 26, wherein the one or more separate time slots may include a separate time slot configured for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0197] Aspect 30 is a method according to Aspect 26, wherein each of the one or more separate time slots can be configured for at least one of the following: a frequency band in one or more frequency bands associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, or an SCS in multiple SCSs associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0198] Aspect 31 is a method according to aspect 26, wherein the time position of the one or more individual time slots can be configured by the network entity or based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. The time position of the one or more individual time slots may include one or more of the following: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots; and a set of slot periodicities for the one or more individual time slots.

[0199] Aspect 32 is a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 31, wherein sending the indication including the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for the LTM may include: sending the indication including the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for the LTM to the UE, and obtaining the one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs may include: receiving the one or more L1 measurements from the UE based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

[0200] Aspect 33 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor being configured to perform a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 32.

[0201] Aspect 34 is an apparatus according to aspect 33, the apparatus further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna, the at least one of the transceiver or the antenna being coupled to the at least one processor and configured to send the indication.

[0202] Aspect 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 32.

[0203] Aspect 36 is a computer-readable medium (eg, a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 32.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; as well as at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: obtaining an indication comprising one or more Layer 1 (L1) inter-frequency reference signals (RSs) for lower layer triggered mobility (LTM), wherein the indication comprises an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and One or more L1 measurements are performed based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein To obtain the indication, the at least one processor is configured to obtain the indication via the transceiver, and wherein the L1 measurement gap configuration is based on a layer 3 (L3) measurement gap configuration, and the L1 measurement gap configuration comprises one or more of: a gap length of the at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap time offset of the at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap periodicity of the at least one L1 measurement gap; and A gap identifier (ID) of the at least one L1 measurement gap.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the indication comprises the L1 measurement gap configuration indicating a plurality of L1 measurement gaps including the at least one L1 measurement gap, and wherein the L1 measurement gap configuration comprises a gap priority of each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps. 4 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap is one L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap comprises a plurality of L1 measurement gaps, and wherein each L1 measurement gap in the plurality of L1 measurement gaps is associated with an RS configuration for one of the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. 6 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps is associated with one of a plurality of gap IDs, respectively, and wherein the plurality of L1 measurement gaps are associated with the same gap ID. 7 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps is associated with one of a plurality of gap IDs, respectively, and wherein the plurality of L1 measurement gaps are associated with different gap IDs.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap comprises one or more separate time slots associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. 9 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein each of the one or more separate time slots is respectively configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS among the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more individual time slots have the same slot length.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more separate time slots include a separate time slot configured for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

12. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein each of the one or more separate time slots is configured for at least one of: a frequency band in one or more frequency bands associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, or a subcarrier spacing (SCS) in a plurality of SCSs associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

13. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the time positions of the one or more separate time slots are associated with a network entity or derived by the UE based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, and wherein the time positions of the one or more separate time slots comprise one or more of: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots; and A gap periodic set of the one or more individual time gaps.

14. The device according to claim 1, wherein To obtain the indication comprising the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for the LTM, the at least one processor is configured to: The indication including the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for the LTM is received from a network entity.

15. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: Memory; as well as at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: transmitting an indication comprising one or more Layer 1 (L1) inter-frequency reference signals (RSs) for lower layer triggered mobility (LTM), wherein the indication comprises an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and One or more L1 measurements are obtained based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein To send the indication, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication via the transceiver, and wherein the L1 measurement gap configuration is based on a layer 3 (L3) measurement gap configuration, and the L1 measurement gap configuration includes one or more of: a gap length of the at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap time offset of the at least one L1 measurement gap; a gap periodicity of the at least one L1 measurement gap; and A gap identifier (ID) of the at least one L1 measurement gap.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the indication comprises the L1 measurement gap configuration indicating a plurality of L1 measurement gaps including the at least one L1 measurement gap, and wherein the L1 measurement gap configuration comprises a gap priority of each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap comprises one L1 measurement gap associated with an L1 resource set for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap comprises a plurality of L1 measurement gaps, and wherein each L1 measurement gap of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps is associated with an RS configuration for one L1 inter-frequency RS of the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps is associated with one of a plurality of gap IDs, respectively, and wherein the plurality of L1 measurement gaps are associated with the same gap ID.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of L1 measurement gaps is associated with one of a plurality of gap IDs, respectively, and wherein the plurality of L1 measurement gaps are associated with different gap IDs.

22. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one L1 measurement gap comprises one or more separate time slots associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs. 23 . The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein each of the one or more separate time slots is respectively configured for one L1 inter-frequency RS of the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the one or more individual time slots have the same slot length.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the one or more separate time slots include a separate time slot configured for the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein each of the one or more separate time slots is configured for at least one of: a frequency band in one or more frequency bands associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, or a subcarrier spacing (SCS) in a plurality of SCSs associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein a time position of the one or more separate time slots is configured by the network entity or based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, and wherein the time position of the one or more separate time slots comprises one or more of: a set of slot time offsets for the one or more individual time slots; and A gap periodic set of the one or more individual time gaps.

28. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein To send the indication including the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for the LTM, the at least one processor is configured to: The indication comprising the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs for the LTM is sent to a user equipment (UE), and wherein, to obtain the one or more L1 measurements based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs, the at least one processor is configured to: The one or more L1 measurements are received from the UE based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

29. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: obtaining an indication comprising one or more Layer 1 (L1) inter-frequency reference signals (RSs) for lower layer triggered mobility (LTM), wherein the indication comprises an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and One or more L1 measurements are performed based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

30. A method of wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: transmitting an indication comprising one or more Layer 1 (L1) inter-frequency reference signals (RSs) for lower layer triggered mobility (LTM), wherein the indication comprises an L1 measurement gap configuration indicating at least one L1 measurement gap associated with the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs; and One or more L1 measurements are obtained based on the one or more L1 inter-frequency RSs.

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