Method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving quality of Hangzhou cabbage

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving the quality of Hangzhou cabbages. The method comprises the following steps that the Hangzhou cabbage obstacle soil which is continuously cropped for five years is selected, a hardened layer is broken, the pH of the soil is adjusted, the soil is turned over to the depth of 30-40 cm, and the soil is layered after 72 h; soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm of soil is a surface layer, and a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied to the surface layer; the thickness of 15-30 cm is a bottom layer, and expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to the bottom layer; installing a greenhouse and irrigation supporting facilities in the improved soil area; planting Hangzhou cabbage seedlings, irrigating the seedlings with micro-nano bubble water every two days, and removing the Hangzhou cabbage after 42 days. Through the synergistic effect of the compound microbial agent, the organic-mineral complex and other substances, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are remarkably improved, the growth index of the Hangzhou cabbage is remarkably improved, the SPAD value is increased, the photosynthetic capacity is enhanced, and it is indicated that the soil remediation agent has the remarkable promoting effect on the growth of the Hangzhou cabbage and continuous cropping obstacle soil remediation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage. Background Art

[0002] As an important form of modern agriculture, facility agriculture has achieved year-round crop production through environmental control technologies such as greenhouses and sheds, significantly improving land utilization and economic benefits. However, the problem of continuous cropping disorder caused by long-term single crop cultivation has become increasingly prominent and has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of facility agriculture. Continuous cropping disorder usually refers to the phenomenon of soil quality decline, crop growth stunt and increased pests and diseases caused by continuous planting of the same crop in the same plot of land. Continuous cropping disorder is mainly manifested in the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties (salinization, acidification, and decrease in organic matter), imbalance of microbial communities (enrichment of pathogens and decrease of beneficial bacteria) and accumulation of self-toxic substances (such as phenolic acid compounds). The three interact to form a vicious cycle, resulting in reduced crop yields, decreased quality and even total crop failure.

[0003] To address this problem, scholars at home and abroad have proposed a variety of improved technologies, mainly including physical remediation, chemical remediation, biological remediation and comprehensive remediation technologies. Physical remediation includes high-temperature steam disinfection, crop rotation and fallow, and imported soil replacement. Although such technologies can alleviate the compaction problem in the short term, they are energy-intensive, costly, and unable to restore soil biological activity, making it difficult to block the chemical causes of continuous cropping problems. Chemical methods mainly use soil disinfectants (such as chloropicrin and chlorpyrifos) and acid-base regulators, which can quickly kill pathogens and adjust the pH value in the short term. However, chemical remediation has the defects of high residual toxicity and damage to the soil microbial ecology. In addition, chemical agents cannot degrade self-toxic substances and cannot fundamentally improve the soil microenvironment. Biological remediation focuses on microbial agents and organic amendments. However, single agents have the defects of low colonization rate and single function. Comprehensive remediation attempts that have emerged in recent years have combined multiple means. However, existing comprehensive technologies mostly remain at the stage of simple superposition and lack coordinated design between components. For example, the mixed application of biochar and microbial agents can easily lead to the adsorption and inactivation of microorganisms, and the layered remediation structure is rough (only divided into surface and bottom layers), which cannot accurately regulate the physical, chemical and biological processes of different soil layers. More importantly, existing technologies generally ignore the optimization of soil gas exchange and water transfer, resulting in difficulty in maintaining long-lasting remediation effects.

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks, the present invention proposes an integrated "layered-synergistic-dynamic" remediation system, which achieves safe and efficient improvement of soil with continuous cropping obstacles through material innovation and structural design. It integrates layered functional materials, porous ventilation structures and oxygen micro-nano water technology, and overcomes the problem of "salt-bacteria-toxin" synergistic regulation in the management of continuous cropping obstacles, providing a new solution for the sustainable development of facility agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for improving soil with continuous cropping problems and enhancing the quality of Chinese cabbage. The present invention combines layered repair, a porous ceramic tube ventilation system, and micro-nano oxygen water irrigation to form a full-chain repair system of "physical structure improvement-microbial regulation-gas / water dynamic management", which can effectively achieve safe and efficient repair of soil with continuous cropping problems, significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and promote plant growth.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned object is: a method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Select the soil barrier of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break up the compacted layer, spray the pH regulator, plow the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm, adjust the soil pH to 6.0-7.0, and stratify the soil after 72 hours.

[0008] (2) The soil was divided into two layers: the top layer (0-15 cm) was applied with a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex; the bottom layer (15-30 cm) was applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles;

[0009] (3) Install the greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install the irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse;

[0010] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0011] Furthermore, the pH regulator in step (1) includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), the application amounts of the composite microbial agent, the organic-mineral complex and the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are 10-20 kg / mu, 400-550 kg / mu and 180-220 kg / mu respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the composite microbial agent in step (2) includes Torulopsis fermentation broth, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium fulvic acid.

[0014] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the Torulopsis fermentation broth, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth and the enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvic acid is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial inoculant.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation method of the organic-mineral complex in step (2) is as follows: dissolving humic acid, coffee by-product extract and sodium alginate in deionized water with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8, stirring in a 60°C water bath until completely dissolved to form an organic phase solution, adding nano-montmorillonite to the organic phase solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 30 minutes to form a stable suspension, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid: coffee by-product extract: sodium alginate: nano-montmorillonite is 2:1:2:5; adjusting the spray dryer inlet temperature to 140°C, the outlet temperature to 75°C, the feed rate to 8 mL / min, and the atomization pressure to 0.3 MPa for drying to obtain the organic-mineral complex.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles in step (2) are as follows:

[0017] S1: Soak expanded perlite with a particle size of 4 mm in a 5% silane coupling agent ethanol solution, ultrasonically treat at 60°C for 30 minutes, and centrifuge to obtain modified expanded perlite; dissolve polyacrylamide in deionized water, add ammonium persulfate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a 5% polyacrylamide premix solution, wherein the amount of ammonium persulfate added is 0.1% by weight of the polyacrylamide premix solution, and the amount of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide added is 0.05% by weight of the polyacrylamide premix solution;

[0018] S2: Immerse the modified expanded perlite in a polyacrylamide premix at a mass ratio of 7:3, and treat under vacuum at -0.08 MPa for 20 minutes. Transfer the impregnated modified expanded perlite to a 60°C oven and allow the reaction to react for 2 hours to allow the polyacrylamide to cross-link on the surface and in the pores of the perlite to form a three-dimensional network structure, thereby forming an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide composite layer.

[0019] S3: Mix ammonium polyphosphate powder and 2% sodium alginate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5 to form a viscous suspension, and spray the suspension on the surface of the composite layer at a spraying amount of 20g / m 2 , dried and solidified at 40°C to obtain expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (3), the temperature of the greenhouse is 18-28° C., and the humidity is 70-80% RH.

[0021] Furthermore, the dissolved oxygen mass concentration of the micro-nano bubble water in step (4) is 8.2 mg / L.

[0022] The invention also discloses application of the method in planting Chinese cabbage.

[0023] The present invention will be described in more detail below.

[0024] In some embodiments, the present invention also provides a porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost, wherein the porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost has a length of 30 cm, a diameter of 2 cm, a porosity of 55%, and an average pore size of 100 μm; it is vertically buried in the soil, and the dosage is 200 to 300 tubes per mu.

[0025] More specifically, the porous ceramic tube loaded with decomposed compost has a mass of 35 g / tube of decomposed compost.

[0026] More specifically, the preparation method of the porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost is as follows:

[0027] S1: The porous ceramic tube was ultrasonically cleaned at 40kHz for 30 minutes to remove impurities in the pores, dried, and sterilized with high-pressure steam at 121°C for 20 minutes, and then immersed in a 5% silane coupling agent ethanol solution for 1 hour to enhance the adsorption of organic fertilizer;

[0028] S2: ball-mill the mature compost to a particle size of <100 μm, and mix the compost powder with a 1% sodium alginate solution in a mass ratio of 9:1 to form a viscous slurry;

[0029] S3: The porous ceramic tube treated with S1 was completely immersed in the viscous slurry, vacuumed to -0.09 MPa, maintained for 15 minutes, the air in the pores was discharged, the vacuum was slowly released, and the tube was allowed to stand for 3 minutes. The slurry was allowed to penetrate into the pores using the negative pressure difference. The immersed ceramic tube was immersed in a chitosan-glycerol solution with a concentration of 1% for 3 seconds. After being taken out, it was air-dried at 40°C for 1 hour to obtain a porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The present invention uses calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth to adjust the pH value of the soil with continuous cropping obstacles. Calcium carbonate quickly neutralizes the soil acidity, and diatomaceous earth absorbs excess H + It also slowly releases calcium ions, synergistically adjusting the pH to 6.0-7.0. The microporous structure of diatomaceous earth improves soil permeability, creating a suitable acid-base environment for microbial activity and the growth of Hangzhou cabbage roots, and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles.

[0032] (2) The composite microbial agent of the present invention contains a variety of beneficial microorganisms, such as fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum and enzymatic hydrolysis of earthworms, which inhibit diseases and promote growth through triple synergistic activation of soil nutrients: Trichoderma harzianum secretes chitinase to directly lyse the cell walls of pathogens, Torulopsis spp. competitively occupies the rhizosphere and blocks the infection of Fusarium spp., and the growth hormone in the earthworm enzymatic hydrolysis liquid activates the root development of Chinese cabbage, and potassium humate is used to improve the efficiency of nutrient migration and inhibit pathogens; at the same time, potassium humate can chelate trace elements and improve the efficiency of chlorophyll synthesis. , which improves the SPAD value of Chinese cabbage; the organic-mineral complex is composed of humic acid, coffee by-product extract, seaweed extract and nano-montmorillonite, constructing an "adsorption-slow release-water retention" network: the nano-montmorillonite interlayer structure fixes autotoxic phenolic acid, and the humic acid-seaweed colloid forms water-stable aggregates with good adsorption and slow release properties, which can improve soil structure, increase soil porosity and water retention, and slowly release nutrients. The coffee by-product extract provides a carbon source to meet the growth needs of Chinese cabbage and improve soil fertility and disease resistance.

[0033] (3) The composite particles of the present invention adopt silane-modified perlite loaded with cross-linked polyacrylamide. The three-dimensional network structure formed by polyacrylamide can absorb and retain moisture, improve the water retention capacity of the soil, and reduce the infiltration of water in the bottom layer. Sodium alginate coated ammonium polyphosphate powder forms an ion barrier to achieve slow release of phosphorus. Expanded perlite forms ventilation channels, optimizes soil porosity, and ensures the oxygen demand of the cabbage root system. The three synergistically enhance the air permeability and long-term fertilizer supply capacity of the bottom soil, alleviate the problem of soil nutrient imbalance caused by continuous cropping, and promote the increase of the root system's penetration depth.

[0034] (4) The porous ceramic tube of the present invention vertically penetrates two layers of soil. The porous ceramic tube prolongs the slow-release period of compost potassium through negative pressure adsorption, increases the quick-release potassium in deep soil, utilizes chitosan-glycerol membrane to control the release of organic matter, and establishes a vertical channel of "water, fertilizer-microorganism" in the through-type structure, thereby promoting gas exchange between soil and the outside world, enhancing soil aeration, preventing nutrient loss, and promoting the increase of the root depth of Chinese cabbage; the humus in straw-livestock and poultry manure compost forms a "nutrient storage reservoir" with the micropores of the ceramic tube, which can realize the continuous supply of potassium source required for the growth of Chinese cabbage compared with surface fertilization, further optimize the soil microbial community structure, promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity and disease resistance, and effectively alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping of Chinese cabbage.

[0035] (5) The micro-nano bubble water of the present invention has a high dissolved oxygen mass concentration (8.2 mg / L). The high concentration of dissolved oxygen enhances aerobic respiration of the root system, promotes the absorption of mineral elements and chlorophyll synthesis, increases the fresh weight of the aboveground part of the Chinese cabbage, and inhibits the reproduction of anaerobic harmful bacteria, reducing the incidence of continuous cropping diseases; the micro-nano bubbles burst to release active oxygen, oxidatively degrade phenolic acid self-toxic substances, and at the same time, the ultra-high dissolved oxygen stimulates the proliferation of rhizosphere aerobic bacteria.

[0036] (6) The present invention divides the continuous cropping obstacle soil into a surface layer of 0 to 15 cm and a bottom layer of 15 to 30 cm, and applies different improvement materials to each layer to form a synergistic system of "promoting growth in the upper layer and stabilizing supply in the lower layer", thereby realizing precise and layered soil improvement; applying composite microbial agents and organic-mineral complexes to the surface layer can quickly improve the biological activity and fertility of the soil surface layer, promote the early growth and nutrient absorption of the roots of Chinese cabbage; applying expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles to the bottom layer can optimize the structure and nutrient supply of the deep soil layer, enhance the water retention and air permeability of the soil, and provide a good environment for the downward growth of the roots; this layered improvement method can give full play to the advantages of each improvement material, synergistically improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Chinese cabbage, and improve the comprehensive fertility of the soil and the growth quality of Chinese cabbage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

[0038] The following describes the embodiments of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the following embodiments and embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] The Chinese cabbage used in the present invention is "Su Teng 236". The commercial seedlings of Chinese cabbage were purchased from Shandong Shouguang Innovation Seed Co., Ltd. The height of the Chinese cabbage seedlings was 7 to 8 cm and they had 2 to 3 true leaves. The JXWNP-AL02 micro-nano bubble generator was purchased from Shanghai Jinxiang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.; the Torulopsis yeast was purchased from Shanghai Qianjie Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the Trichoderma harzianum was purchased from Shanghai Jinxiang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. The effective viable counts of both strains were ≥6×10 8 CFU / mL; enzymatically hydrolyzed earthworm protein concentrate was provided by Hebei Difukang Technology Co., Ltd.; potassium fulvate was provided by Shanxi Tongshunyuan Humic Acid Co., Ltd.; coffee by-product extracts included dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid), soluble sugars and proteins; the mature compost loaded in the porous ceramic tubes was a mixed compost of straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0040] The continuous cropping barrier soil was obtained from the experimental site of the Weiyu Vegetable Planting Professional Cooperative in Qingpu District, Shanghai. The physical and chemical properties of the soil in the experimental site were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0041] Table 1 Basic physical and chemical indicators of soil in the test site

[0042]

[0043] Example 1 Preparation of organic-mineral complex

[0044] Humic acid, chlorogenic acid from coffee by-product extract, and sodium alginate were dissolved in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 and stirred in a 60°C water bath until completely dissolved to form an organic phase solution. Nano-montmorillonite was added to the organic phase solution and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes to form a stable suspension, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid: chlorogenic acid from coffee by-product extract: sodium alginate: nano-montmorillonite was 2:1:2:5. The spray dryer inlet temperature was adjusted to 140°C, the outlet temperature to 75°C, the feed rate to 8 mL / min, and the atomization pressure to 0.3 MPa for drying to obtain an organic-mineral complex.

[0045] Example 2 Preparation of expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles

[0046] S1: Soak expanded perlite with a particle size of 4 mm in a 5% silane coupling agent ethanol solution, ultrasonically treat at 60°C for 30 minutes, and centrifuge to obtain modified expanded perlite; dissolve polyacrylamide in deionized water, add ammonium persulfate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a 5% polyacrylamide premix solution, wherein the amount of ammonium persulfate added is 0.1% by weight of the polyacrylamide premix solution, and the amount of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide added is 0.05% by weight of the polyacrylamide premix solution;

[0047] S2: Immerse the modified expanded perlite in a polyacrylamide premix at a mass ratio of 7:3, and treat under vacuum at -0.08 MPa for 20 minutes. Transfer the impregnated modified expanded perlite to a 60°C oven and allow the reaction to react for 2 hours to allow the polyacrylamide to cross-link on the surface and in the pores of the perlite to form a three-dimensional network structure, thereby forming an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide composite layer.

[0048] S3: Mix ammonium polyphosphate powder and 2% sodium alginate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5 to form a viscous suspension, and spray the suspension on the surface of the composite layer at a spraying amount of 20g / m 2 , dried and solidified at 40°C to obtain expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles.

[0049] Example 3 Preparation of porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost

[0050] S1: A porous ceramic tube with a length of 30 cm, a diameter of 2 cm, a porosity of 55%, and an average pore size of 100 μm was selected. The porous ceramic tube was ultrasonically cleaned at 40 kHz for 30 minutes to remove pore impurities. After drying, the tube was sterilized with high-pressure steam at 121°C for 20 minutes, and then immersed in a 5% silane coupling agent ethanol solution for 1 hour to enhance the adsorption of organic fertilizer;

[0051] S2: ball-mill the mature compost to a particle size of <100 μm, and mix the compost powder with a 1% sodium alginate solution in a mass ratio of 9:1 to form a viscous slurry;

[0052] S3: The porous ceramic tube treated with S1 was completely immersed in the viscous slurry, vacuumed to -0.09 MPa, maintained for 15 minutes, the air in the pores was discharged, the vacuum was slowly released, and the tube was allowed to stand for 3 minutes. The slurry was allowed to penetrate into the pores using the negative pressure difference. The immersed ceramic tube was immersed in a chitosan-glycerol solution with a concentration of 1% for 3 seconds. After being taken out, it was air-dried at 40°C for 1 hour to obtain a porous ceramic tube loaded with 35 g of mature compost per tube.

[0053] Example 4 A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0054] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.0. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0055] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm is the surface layer, and a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied to this layer. The composite microbial agent includes fermentation liquid of Torulopsis spp., fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate, wherein the volume ratio of Torulopsis spp. fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum and enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent, the application amount of the composite microbial agent is 10 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 400 kg / mu; 15-30 cm is the bottom layer, and expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to this layer at an application amount of 180 kg / mu; at the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried at an application amount of 200 tubes / mu;

[0056] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 18°C ​​and the humidity is 70% RH;

[0057] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0058] Example 5: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0059] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Plow the soil to a depth of 35 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.5. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0060] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm is the surface layer, and a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied to this layer. The composite microbial agent includes fermentation liquid of Torulopsis spp., fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate, wherein the volume ratio of Torulopsis spp. fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum and enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent, the application amount of the composite microbial agent is 15 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 450 kg / mu; 15-30 cm is the bottom layer, and expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to this layer at an application amount of 200 kg / mu; at the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried at an application amount of 220 tubes / mu;

[0061] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 20°C and the humidity is 75% RH;

[0062] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0063] Example 6: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0064] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously planted for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm and adjust the soil pH to 7.0. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0065] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm as the surface layer, the layer is applied with composite microbial agents and organic-mineral complexes, the composite microbial agents include fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate, wherein the volume ratio of Torulopsis spp. fermentation broth, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth and enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agents, the application amount of the composite microbial agents is 15 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 500 kg / mu; 15-30 cm as the bottom layer, the layer is applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles, the application amount is 200 kg / mu; at the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried, the amount is 260 pieces / mu;

[0066] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 24°C and the humidity is 75% RH;

[0067] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0068] Example 7 A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0069] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Then, plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.5. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0070] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm as the surface layer, the layer is applied with composite microbial agents and organic-mineral complexes, the composite microbial agents include fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate, wherein the volume ratio of Torulopsis spp. fermentation broth, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth and enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agents, the application amount of the composite microbial agents is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu; 15-30 cm as the bottom layer, the layer is applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles, the application amount is 220 kg / mu; at the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried, the amount is 300 pieces / mu;

[0071] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0072] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0073] Example 8 A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0074] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Then, plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.5. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0075] (2) The soil was divided into two layers, with a surface layer of 0 to 15 cm, to which a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex were applied. The composite microbial agent included fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid, and water-soluble potassium humate. The volume ratio of the fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, and enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid was 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate was 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent. The application amount of the composite microbial agent was 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex was 550 kg / mu. The bottom layer was 15 to 30 cm, to which expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles were applied at a rate of 220 kg / mu.

[0076] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0077] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0078] Comparative Example 1: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0079] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no composite microbial agent and organic-mineral complex are applied to the surface layer.

[0080] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Then, plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.5. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0081] (2) The soil was divided into two layers: the top layer (0-15 cm) was not treated with any substance; the bottom layer (15-30 cm) was treated with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles at a rate of 220 kg / mu; and porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost were vertically buried at a rate of 300 tubes / mu.

[0082] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0083] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0084] Comparative Example 2: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0085] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the bottom layer is not applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles.

[0086] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.5. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0087] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, with a 0-15 cm layer being the surface layer, to which a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied. The composite microbial agent includes a fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., a fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, an enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid, and a water-soluble potassium humate. The volume ratio of the fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., the fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, and the enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent. The application amount of the composite microbial agent is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu. The 15-30 cm layer is the bottom layer, to which no substance is applied. At the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried, with an application amount of 300 tubes / mu.

[0088] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0089] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0090] Comparative Example 3: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0091] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no substance is applied to either the surface layer or the bottom layer.

[0092] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously planted for five years, first break up the compacted layer, spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and adjust the soil pH to 6.5;

[0093] (2) Vertically bury porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost, with a dosage of 300 tubes per mu;

[0094] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0095] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0096] Comparative Example 4: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0097] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no substance is applied to the surface layer and the bottom layer, and no porous ceramic tube loaded with decomposed compost is buried.

[0098] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously planted for five years, first break up the compacted layer, spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and adjust the soil pH to 6.5;

[0099] (2) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0100] (3) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0101] Comparative Example 5: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0102] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that ordinary agricultural water is used for irrigation instead of micro-nano bubble water.

[0103] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break the compacted layer and spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:2. Then, plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.5. After 72 hours, stratify the soil.

[0104] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm as the surface layer, the layer is applied with composite microbial agents and organic-mineral complexes, the composite microbial agents include fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate, wherein the volume ratio of Torulopsis spp. fermentation broth, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth and enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agents, the application amount of the composite microbial agents is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu; 15-30 cm as the bottom layer, the layer is applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles, the application amount is 220 kg / mu; at the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried, the amount is 300 pieces / mu;

[0105] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0106] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with agricultural water every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0107] Comparative Example 6: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0108] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no pH adjuster was added.

[0109] (1) Select the soil barrier of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years, break up the compacted layer, and plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm;

[0110] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm as the surface layer, the layer is applied with composite microbial agents and organic-mineral complexes, the composite microbial agents include fermentation broth of Torulopsis spp., fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate, wherein the volume ratio of Torulopsis spp. fermentation broth, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth and enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agents, the application amount of the composite microbial agents is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu; 15-30 cm as the bottom layer, the layer is applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles, the application amount is 220 kg / mu; at the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried, the amount is 300 pieces / mu;

[0111] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0112] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0113] Comparative Example 7: A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0114] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the soil was not subjected to stratification treatment.

[0115] (1) Select a barrier soil of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously planted for five years, first break up the compacted layer, spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and adjust the soil pH to 6.5;

[0116] (2) After 72 hours, the composite microbial agent, the organic-mineral complex and the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to the soil surface in sequence. The composite microbial agent includes Torulopsis fermentation liquid, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquid, enzymatic earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate. The volume ratio of Torulopsis fermentation liquid, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquid and enzymatic earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent. The application amount of the composite microbial agent is 20 kg / mu, the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu, and the application amount of the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles is 220 kg / mu. At the same time, porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried, with an application amount of 300 tubes / mu.

[0117] (3) Installing a greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28°C and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0118] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0119] The physical and chemical indicators of the improved soil in Examples 4 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, as well as the plant height, root length, aboveground fresh weight, leaf area and SPAD value of the cabbages grown in Examples 4 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were measured and analyzed. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0120] Table 2 Basic physical and chemical indicators of soil after improvement

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] As can be seen from Table 2, the soil physical and chemical indicators of the Examples were all superior to those of the Comparative Examples, with Example 4 being the best. This indicates that the improved method of combining composite microbial agents, organic-mineral complexes, expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles with porous ceramic tubes loaded with mature compost, combined with micro-nano bubble water, significantly improved various indicators of continuously cropped soil, demonstrating that the method of the present invention has a good synergistic improvement effect.

[0124] Table 3 Plant height, root length, aboveground fresh weight, leaf area and SPAD value of Chinese cabbage

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] As can be seen from Table 3, all indicators of the Chinese cabbage grown in the Examples were superior to those of the Comparative Examples, with Example 7 being the best and Comparative Example 4 being the worst. The auxin secreted by the surface composite microbial inoculant (Torulopsis + Trichoderma harzianum + enzymatic hydrolysis of earthworm fluid) stimulated root development and, in combination with the organic-mineral complex, improved soil aggregate structure and reduced root penetration resistance. Due to the lack of bacterial agent and organic matter supplementation, the plant height and root length of Comparative Example 4 were lower than those of Example 4, indicating that the improved material has a promoting effect on the vertical growth of the plant; the aboveground fresh weight and leaf area of ​​Example 4 were higher than those of the comparative example, which was mainly due to the slow release of phosphorus by the expanded perlite-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles in the bottom layer, combined with the potassium released from the mature compost in the porous ceramic tube, which promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic products in the leaves. The fresh weight of Comparative Example 2 (without the application of bottom composite particles) was 149 g, indicating the key influence of the bottom nutrient supply on the aboveground biomass; Example 4 had the highest SPAD value, which was attributed to the 6% water-soluble potassium fulvic acid in the composite bacterial agent chelating iron, magnesium and other essential elements for chlorophyll synthesis, and the micro-nano bubble water (dissolved oxygen 8.2 mg / L) enhanced the aerobic respiration of the root system, providing energy for chlorophyll synthesis.

[0128] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made based on the essence of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Select the soil barrier of Chinese cabbage that has been continuously cultivated for five years. First, break up the compacted layer, spray the pH regulator, plow the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm, adjust the soil pH to 6.0-7.0, and stratify the soil after 72 hours. (2) The soil was divided into two layers: the top layer (0-15 cm) was applied with a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex; the bottom layer (15-30 cm) was applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles; (3) Install the greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install the irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse; (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water every two days, and removing the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The pH regulator in step (1) comprises calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:

2.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the step (2), the application amounts of the composite microbial agent, the organic-mineral complex and the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are 10-20 kg / mu, 400-550 kg / mu and 180-220 kg / mu respectively.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The composite microbial agent in step (2) comprises Torulopsis fermentation broth, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth, enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium fulvic acid.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The volume ratio of the Torulopsis fermentation broth, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth and the enzymatic hydrolysis earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvic acid is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial inoculant.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the organic-mineral complex in step (2) is as follows: dissolving humic acid, coffee by-product extract and sodium alginate in deionized water with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:8, stirring in a 60°C water bath until completely dissolved to form an organic phase solution, adding nano-montmorillonite to the organic phase solution, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30 minutes to form a stable suspension, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid:coffee by-product extract:sodium alginate:nano-montmorillonite is 2:1:2:5; adjusting the spray dryer inlet temperature to 140°C, the outlet temperature to 75°C, the feed rate to 8 mL / min, and the atomization pressure to 0.3 MPa for drying to obtain the organic-mineral complex.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The steps for preparing the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles in step (2) are as follows: S1: Soak expanded perlite with a particle size of 4 mm in a 5% silane coupling agent ethanol solution, ultrasonically treat at 60°C for 30 minutes, and centrifuge to obtain modified expanded perlite; dissolve polyacrylamide in deionized water, add ammonium persulfate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a 5% polyacrylamide premix solution, wherein the amount of ammonium persulfate added is 0.1% by weight of the polyacrylamide premix solution, and the amount of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide added is 0.05% by weight of the polyacrylamide premix solution; S2: Immerse the modified expanded perlite in a polyacrylamide premix at a mass ratio of 7:3, and treat under vacuum at -0.08 MPa for 20 minutes. Transfer the impregnated modified expanded perlite to a 60°C oven and allow the reaction to react for 2 hours to allow the polyacrylamide to cross-link on the surface and in the pores of the perlite to form a three-dimensional network structure, thereby forming an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide composite layer. S3: Mix ammonium polyphosphate powder and 2% sodium alginate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5 to form a viscous suspension, and spray the suspension on the surface of the composite layer at a spraying amount of 20g / m 2 , dried and solidified at 40°C to obtain expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), the temperature of the greenhouse is 18-28° C., and the humidity is 70-80% RH.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein The dissolved oxygen mass concentration of the micro-nano bubble water in step (4) is 8.2 mg / L.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in growing Chinese cabbage.

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