Three-dimensional rotation relay intercropping high-yield planting method for crops in ridge irrigation area

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural science and technology, and discloses a ridge irrigation area crop three-dimensional rotation relay intercropping high-yield planting method which comprises the following steps: constructing a wave-shaped ridge body structure, and improving the water and soil conservation capability of a sloping field; crop rotation and three-dimensional relay intercropping combinations are accurately configured according to the crop growth time sequence; microbial agents are applied to cooperate with green manure for crop rotation, soil fertility and microbial activity are improved, and continuous soil improvement and soil fertility recovery are ensured; through accurate resource regulation and control, the farmland production efficiency and ecological benefits are optimized. The problems of serious water and soil loss, insufficient light and heat resource utilization, frequent continuous cropping obstacles, farmland ecological imbalance, continuous soil fertility degradation and the like in a traditional mode are solved through a three-dimensional planting carrier and resource coordinated regulation means, finally, unification of high yield, stable yield and ecological sustainable development is achieved, and agricultural green development and efficient resource utilization are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural science and technology, and in particular to a high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional wheel-growing. Background Art

[0002] In the modern agricultural production system, the production technology model in ridge irrigation areas is significantly single. Traditional straight ridges are mostly used for land preparation in the tillage process, and the soil tillage depth has been in the conventional range for a long time. In terms of nutrient management, too much emphasis is placed on the application of surface chemical fertilizers, and the mechanism for the coordinated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is missing. The planting system is highly single, and the sowing row spacing is relatively fixed. Pest and disease control relies too much on periodic chemical spraying, and green control technology has not been effectively applied. Straw processing is mainly based on simple crushing and returning to the field.

[0003] Traditional linear ridge tillage in sloping environments is very likely to cause soil erosion due to the lack of soil and water conservation design; single-layer rotary tillage makes the lower soil compacted, forming a plow bottom layer; fixed sowing row spacing cannot match the crop growth cycle's demand for light and heat resources, resulting in insufficient utilization of light and heat resources; frequent use of chemical agents to control pests and diseases has seriously damaged the structure of soil microbial communities and disrupted the balance of farmland ecosystems; direct return of straw without special treatment will cause cellulose-decomposing bacteria in the soil to compete with crop roots for nitrogen, interfering with soil nutrient cycles; long-term single crop rotation will aggravate soil continuous cropping problems and accelerate soil fertility decline.

[0004] This leads to seasonal idleness of land resources and a decrease in the multiple cropping index; continuous cropping obstacles lead to frequent soil-borne diseases; the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is low and shows a continuous downward trend; soil compaction increases the resistance to mechanical operations and increases the wear and tear of agricultural machinery; the soil organic matter content continues to decrease and the pH imbalance is aggravated, which ultimately leads to drastic fluctuations in the planting income per unit area of ​​land and a significant increase in the pollution load caused by agricultural production on the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a high-yield planting method for three-dimensional crop rotation in ridge irrigation areas, aiming to solve the problems of low soil and water conservation efficiency, uneven utilization of light and heat resources, aggravated continuous cropping obstacles, farmland ecological imbalance and soil degradation in traditional planting models.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A high-yield planting method for crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional crop rotation, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Construct wavy ridges according to the terrain slope. Implement double rotary tillage with a ridge width of 190-210 cm and a depth of 15-20 cm. Simultaneously apply 1000-1500 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and slow-release compound fertilizer to form a water and fertilizer regulation carrier.

[0008] S2. Based on the wavy ridges, wheat seeds were coated, sunflower seeds were soaked with a plant-derived inducer, and soybean seeds were inoculated with shade-tolerant rhizobia. From late September to mid-October, wheat was precision-sown in rows along the ridges and furrows, with a row spacing of 20 cm ± 2 cm. Within 5-7 days after harvest, sunflower seeds were seeded in double rows on the back of the ridges, with a hole spacing of 45-50 cm. Soybeans were also interplanted in the ridges and furrows without tillage.

[0009] During the jointing stage, use 15-30 minute time-sharing irrigation in conjunction with fertilizer application. During the budding stage, drip humic acid water-soluble fertilizer at 12-18 kg / mu. Spray sunflowers with 0.008%-0.012% brassinolide to adjust the leaves to 15-25 degrees. Thin soybeans to 16,000-20,000 plants / mu and remove 2-4 old leaves at the bottom. Mulch wheat with vertical straw at a height of 40-60 cm to adjust the microclimate.

[0010] S4. Intercropping of insect repellent plants (1800-2200 plants / mu) in the oil sunflower belt to form physical isolation, inoculating the soybean rhizosphere with a shade-tolerant strain with a nitrogen fixation efficiency of 80-90%, and wheat straw carrying antagonistic bacteria (1.5-2.5×10 6 CFU / g returned to the field;

[0011] S5. Sunflower oilseed leaves 1.0-1.5m of stems to form a windbreak barrier. Soybean uses low-loss harvesting technology to preserve the root stubble, with a damage rate of 1-2%. Spray white rot fungus agent 2-4×10 7 CFU / mL promotes straw decomposition, and a dedicated field return device is used to achieve full utilization; 4-6 kg / mu of arrow pea is planted as green manure during every 2-3 years of rotation, and 40-60 kg / mu of silicon-calcium conditioner is applied to form a sustainable soil fertility maintenance system.

[0012] Preferably, the step S1 includes:

[0013] Three-dimensional slope data is obtained through laser terrain scanning, and wavy ridges are constructed according to the undulating terrain. The width of the ridge furrow is 190-210 cm, and the width of the ridge back is 45-55 cm.

[0014] Carry out double-tillage operation, with the first tillage depth of 15-18cm and the second tillage depth of 18-20cm. The soil bulk density after tillage should be controlled at 1.2-1.4g / cm³.

[0015] Apply 1000-1500kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and slow-release compound fertilizer in layers in the furrows after rotary tillage, with the organic fertilizer distributed in the 10-15cm soil layer and the slow-release fertilizer distributed in the 15-30cm soil layer;

[0016] The ridge back is shaped at an angle of 15-20° using a curved surface forming machine, and a straw biofilm with a thickness of 2-3 cm is covered on the surface. The biofilm contains 1.0-2.0×10 6 CFU / g.

[0017] Preferably, the step S2 includes:

[0018] Wheat seeds are coated with a composite seed coating agent containing a fungicide, an insecticide, and humic acid as a plant growth regulator to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests during the seedling stage and promote healthy growth of the seedlings;

[0019] Using plant-derived biostimulant solution to soak oil sunflower seeds to improve seed vitality and plant stress resistance;

[0020] Soybean seeds were inoculated with shade-tolerant nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to adapt to the light conditions in the intercropping environment and improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of the plants.

[0021] Preferably, the step S2 further includes:

[0022] From September 25 to October 15, wheat was sown in rows using a Beidou navigation seeder, with a row spacing of 20 cm ± 2 cm and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm.

[0023] On the 5th to 7th day after wheat harvest, use an air-suction seeder to sow oil sunflower seeds in double rows on the ridge back, with a row spacing of 55-60 cm and a hole spacing of 45-50 cm, sowing 2 seeds per hole.

[0024] At the same time, a no-till seeder is used to interplant soybeans in the ridges and furrows, with a sowing depth of 2-3cm and a sowing amount of 4-5kg / mu.

[0025] Preferably, step S3 includes:

[0026] During the jointing stage of wheat, the time-sharing furrow irrigation system is started, and intermittent water and fertilizer infiltration is implemented with a cycle of 15-30 minutes. The single irrigation water volume is controlled at 20-30 cubic meters per mu, and the penetration depth reaches 40-50 cm. During the budding period of oil sunflower, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied through a pressure drip system. The fertilizer concentration is 0.8%-1.2%, the application amount is 12-18 kg / mu, the drip rate is 1.0-1.5 liters / minute, and the application time is 15-20 minutes.

[0027] Preferably, the step S3 further includes:

[0028] Within 24 hours after dripping humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, spray 0.008%-0.012% brassinolide on the top of the sunflower main stem to the axil area by atomization to control the upright angle of the leaves at 15-25 degrees; at the same time, carry out directional thinning of soybeans, adjust the spacing between individual plants to 12-15 cm, control the density at 16,000-20,000 plants / mu, and remove 2-4 aging leaves at the bottom of each plant to improve the ventilation and light transmission efficiency in the field.

[0029] Preferably, step S4 includes:

[0030] Before sowing soybean seeds, shade-tolerant rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria were inoculated at a concentration of 1.0-1.5×10 8 CFU / mL, 5-7 days after sowing, rhizospheric bacterial agent supplementation was carried out in the ridge zone, and the supplementation amount was 150-200mL / mu to improve the activity of rhizospheric microorganisms and nitrogen fixation efficiency.

[0031] Preferably, the step S4 further includes:

[0032] Within 3 days after wheat harvest, the straw with antagonistic bacteria was crushed and returned to the field. The concentration of antagonistic bacteria was 1.5-2.5×10 6 CFU / g, the covering thickness is controlled at 3-5cm; during the soybean grain filling stage, an ecological weed strip is retained, with the covering area accounting for 15-30% of the total area of ​​the ridge and furrow strip;

[0033] The weed belt prioritizes the retention of narrow-leaf perennial plant populations to provide a stable habitat for natural enemy insects such as ladybugs and lacewings, thereby constructing a three-level biological protection network that includes plant isolation, microbial intervention, and continuous residence of natural enemies.

[0034] Preferably, step S5 includes:

[0035] When harvesting sunflowers mechanically, retain 1.0-1.5m of stalks and build a windbreak at a density of 3-5 stalks / m². Use a low-damage harvester to harvest soybeans, with a header height of 10-15cm and a stubble damage rate of 1-2%. Spray wheat with 2-4×10-10% of white rot fungi 15-30 days before sowing. 7 CFU / mL of the bacterial agent was mixed into the 15-20 cm soil layer by rotary tillage.

[0036] Preferably, the white rot fungus agent contains 1.5-2.0×10 7 CFU / mL, the soil moisture content was 18-22% during spraying, and a double-shaft rotary tiller was used for rotary tillage with a blade spacing of 8-10 cm, a travel speed of 0.8-1.2 m / s, and a rotation speed of 200-300 rpm.

[0037] The present invention provides a high-yield planting method for crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional crop rotation. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. The present invention adopts the planting structure of "main cropping in the wall ditch and auxiliary cropping on the ridge back", which realizes the dual efficient utilization of crops in space and time, and improves the overall output capacity. Compared with the traditional single flat cropping model, it avoids the problem of idle land and solves the problem of unstable seasonal production capacity of crops in irrigation areas.

[0039] 2. By establishing an intercropping system with staggered ridges and furrows and primary and secondary crop rotation, this solution forms a dynamically balanced farming ecosystem, not only improving the multiple cropping index but also optimizing the crop rhizosphere environment. Compared with existing methods of closely planting or extensive crop rotation, this significantly reduces the risk of continuous cropping with pests and diseases, reduces premature root aging, and enhances stress resistance.

[0040] 3. The present invention adopts differentiated planting sequence design and flexibly matches economic crops with short growth periods, achieving the dual goals of stabilizing grain production and increasing income. In previous planting in ridge irrigation areas, short-term economic crops were often neglected due to cycle conflicts. This method integrates them into the production rhythm of the main crops, solving the problems of "unable to plant" and "no benefit".

[0041] 4. Through the innovative combination of "three-dimensional + crop rotation + intercropping", this invention has created a composite planting scheme suitable for the specific hydrological conditions of ridge irrigation areas. It not only has higher yields and more stable returns, but also better adapts to the needs of modern mechanized farming. Traditional ridge irrigation models often have a single structure and monotonous varieties, while this scheme achieves the coordinated symbiosis of multiple levels and multiple crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Please see the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a high-yield planting method for crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional rotational cropping, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Construct wavy ridges according to the slope of the terrain. Implement double rotary tillage with a ridge width of 190-210 cm and a depth of 15-20 cm. Simultaneously apply 1000-1500 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and slow-release compound fertilizer to form a water and fertilizer regulation carrier.

[0046] Specifically, terrain carrier construction is implemented through a laser terrain scanning system, which includes a pulsed laser emitter (wavelength 905nm±5nm, power 2W), a polygonal scanning mechanism, and a point cloud processing module. During the scanning operation, terrain data is collected in a 10m×10m unit grid, with a point cloud density of ≥200 points / m², to generate a three-dimensional slope distribution map.

[0047] Based on the slope data, a wavy ridge was constructed using a surface fitting algorithm, where the ridge ditch width was controlled at 190-210 cm, the ridge back width was 45-55 cm, and the distance between adjacent ridge peaks was 2.8-3.2 m.

[0048] Double-pass rotary tillage was performed using a 1SZL series rotary tiller. The first pass used a straight-blade rotary roller (400mm diameter, 28 blades), tilling at a depth of 15-18cm and a speed of 0.8-1.0m / s. The second pass used a curved-blade rotary roller (450mm diameter, 24 blades), tilling at a depth of 18-20cm and a speed of 0.6-0.8m / s. After rotary tillage, the soil was tested using an SC-900 soil compaction tester, and tillage parameters were adjusted to maintain a stable soil bulk density within the range of 1.2-1.4g / cm³.

[0049] The layered fertilization operation is carried out using the 2BFG-12 fertilizer spreader, which is equipped with a double furrow opener system: the front furrow opener (depth 15cm±1cm) applies decomposed organic fertilizer (organic matter content ≥45%, C / N ratio 18-22, moisture content 30-35%), with an application rate of 1000-1500kg / mu; the rear rotary tillage blade group (working depth 10cm±1cm) mixes in slow-release compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=18-12-10, coating thickness 50-80μm), with an application rate of 40-60kg / mu.

[0050] The ridge back surface is shaped using a 3ZQF-6 hydraulic forming machine. The surface of the forming roller is equipped with a guide groove with an inclination of 15-20 degrees, and the forming pressure is set at 2.5-3.0 MPa. When preparing the straw biofilm, corn straw crushed to 3-5 cm is mixed with Bacillus liquid at a mass ratio of 5:1, and the effective live bacteria concentration of the liquid is 1.0-2.0×10 6 CFU / mL, a biofilm was formed after aerobic fermentation at 35℃ for 48 hours, and was evenly covered with a thickness of 2-3 cm using a DSB-50 film laying machine.

[0051] S2. Based on the wavy ridges, wheat seeds were coated, sunflower seeds were soaked with a plant-derived inducer, and soybean seeds were inoculated with shade-tolerant rhizobia. From late September to mid-October, wheat was precision-sown in rows along the ridges and furrows, with a row spacing of 20 cm ± 2 cm. Within 5-7 days after harvest, sunflower seeds were seeded in double rows on the back of the ridges, with a hole spacing of 45-50 cm. Soybeans were also interplanted in the ridges and furrows without tillage.

[0052] Specifically, seed treatment and sowing operations include:

[0053] Wheat seeds are coated with a composite seed coating agent using a PGB-300 seed coating machine. The main ingredients of the seed coating agent include highly effective and low-toxic fungicides and insecticides to prevent and control diseases and pests in the seedling stage, and a compound humic acid content of 30-35% is used as a plant growth regulator to promote the development of seedling roots.

[0054] The coating weight gain rate is controlled at 2.0-2.5%, and the moisture content of the seeds after treatment is ≤12%. They are dried in a ventilated warehouse and prepared for sowing. This treatment aims to achieve multiple functions of disease prevention, insect prevention and growth promotion through low-cost integrated means.

[0055] Sunflower seeds are soaked in a solution of plant-derived biostimulants. In a constant-temperature soaking tank equipped with a circulation pump and temperature control system, the seeds are immersed in a solution containing plant-derived biostimulants such as seaweed extract or chitosan oligosaccharides for 2-3 hours at a constant temperature of 25-28°C, with a liquid-to-seed ratio of approximately 3:1 (v / w). After soaking, the seeds are removed and briefly dehydrated.

[0056] Soybean seeds were inoculated with shade-tolerant nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. A V-type mixer was used to evenly mix the soybean seeds with the high-efficiency shade-tolerant nitrogen-fixing rhizobia according to the recommended dosage of commercially available products. The inoculation process was carried out in a cool, dark place. After mixing, the seeds were spread out in a cool place (20-25°C) to air-dry, laying the foundation for efficient nitrogen fixation of intercropped soybeans in a weak light environment.

[0057] The sowing operation uses the Beidou navigation sowing system, which includes a GNSS positioning module (accuracy ±2cm), an electronically controlled seed meter and a depth sensor; from September 25 to October 15, precision strip sowing of wheat is carried out in the ridge belt, with the row spacing set at 20cm±2cm and the sowing depth at 3-4cm; within 5-7 days after the wheat is harvested, an air-suction seeder (model 2BYQ-6) is used to sow oil sunflowers in double rows on the back of the ridge, with a row spacing of 55-60cm, a hole spacing of 45-50cm, 2 seeds sown in each hole, and a sowing depth of 4-5cm; simultaneously, a 2BMF-8 no-till seeder is used to interplant soybeans in the ridge belt, with a sowing depth of 2-3cm and a sowing amount of 4-5kg / mu.

[0058] During the jointing stage, use 15-30 minute time-sharing irrigation in conjunction with fertilizer application. During the budding stage, drip humic acid water-soluble fertilizer at 12-18 kg / mu. Spray sunflowers with 0.008%-0.012% brassinolide to adjust the leaves to 15-25 degrees. Thin soybeans to 16,000-20,000 plants / mu and remove 2-4 old leaves at the bottom. Mulch wheat with vertical straw at a height of 40-60 cm to adjust the microclimate.

[0059] Specifically, the dynamic control system includes a time-sharing border irrigation device, plant shape control equipment, and a density monitoring module;

[0060] During the jointing stage of wheat, start time-sharing furrow irrigation and synergize fertilizer application. During the budding stage, use a JY-50 fertilizer injector to drip humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid content ≥ 50%, pH 6.0-6.5) at a concentration of 0.8%-1.2%, an application rate of 12-18 kg / mu, and a drip rate of 1.0-1.5 L / min for 15-20 minutes.

[0061] The sunflower plant shape is regulated using a 3WZ-30 sprayer. On the 5th day after bud formation, 0.008%-0.012% brassinolide solution (the solvent is 0.1% Tween 20 aqueous solution) is sprayed, focusing on the area from the top of the main stem to the third expanded leaf, with a spray volume of 30-40L / mu; the leaf upright angle is monitored in real time by a laser goniometer, and the spraying pressure (0.3-0.5MPa) is adjusted to stabilize the angle at 15-25 degrees.

[0062] Wheat straw mulching uses a 9YFQ-1.9 crushing and spreading machine. After the straw is crushed to a length of 3-5 cm, it is evenly covered on the ridge belt through an air flow conveying system with a covering height of 40-60 cm. A DS-18B20 temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the covering layer to monitor microenvironment changes in real time. When the canopy temperature exceeds 32°C, the spray cooling system is activated.

[0063] S4. Intercropping of insect repellent plants (1800-2200 plants / mu) in the oil sunflower belt to form physical isolation, inoculating the soybean rhizosphere with a shade-tolerant strain with a nitrogen fixation efficiency of 80-90%, and wheat straw carrying antagonistic bacteria (1.5-2.5×10 6 CFU / g returned to the field;

[0064] Specifically, intercropping of insect repellent plants is first implemented within 3-5 days after sowing oil sunflowers. A 2BQD-6 air-suction seeder is used to plant a row of insect repellent plants on each side of the oil sunflower planting belt, with a row spacing of 40-45 cm.

[0065] Soybean rhizosphere inoculation adopts a two-step method: before sowing, the seeds are mixed with shade-tolerant rhizobia inoculant at a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the effective viable bacteria count of the inoculant is ≥5.0×10 8 CFU / g; 5-7 days after emergence, use 3WP-500 sprayer to supplement the inoculation agent, with a spraying amount of 150-200mL / mu, a working pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa, and a droplet diameter of 150-200μm.

[0066] Wheat straw treatment was completed within 3 days after harvest. The straw was chopped into 3-5 cm pieces using a 9R-40 straw crusher and evenly sprayed with Bacillus subtilis solution with an effective live bacteria concentration of 1.5-2.5×10 6CFU / g; the covering thickness is 3-5 cm, and a 1JGH-180 rotary tiller is used immediately after covering to shallowly mix a 5-8 cm soil layer.

[0067] S5. Sunflower oilseed leaves 1.0-1.5m of stems to form a windbreak barrier. Soybean uses low-loss harvesting technology to preserve the root stubble, with a damage rate of 1-2%. Spray white rot fungus agent 2-4×10 7 CFU / mL promotes straw decomposition, and a dedicated field return device is used to achieve full utilization. Every 2-3 years during the crop rotation period, 4-6 kg / mu of arrowroot pea is planted as green manure, combined with 40-60 kg / mu of silicon-calcium conditioner to form a sustainable soil fertility maintenance system.

[0068] Specifically, after harvesting the crops, it is preferred to retain the sunflower stems as biological cover resources, and use a rolling shearing device with an automatic height limiter to cut the stems to a height of 25-30 cm, maintain the density between rows at 6-8 plants / m², and build a stable stubble structure, effectively slowing down wind erosion and providing a shade environment for microorganisms; soybean harvesting operations use low-loss cutter machinery, the cutter height is preferably not more than 10 cm, and the operating speed is adjusted to 220-260 r / min, while keeping the root system intact and increasing the straw return rate.

[0069] Subsequently, the white rot fungus agent is sprayed by atomization, preferably using a composite bacterial solution (containing a complex bacterial group of Trichoderma and white rot fungi, with an effective live bacterial concentration of ≥1.0×10 6 CFU / mL), spray evenly on the surface straw and surface soil with a spray width of 4m and an operating speed of 0.5-0.8m / s. Operate in a moderate soil moisture condition and a soil temperature range of 15-25℃ to improve the decomposition efficiency; immediately after the spraying operation, carry out rotary tillage treatment, use a depth-limiting wheel to control the rotary tillage depth to 15-18cm, and set the knife roller speed to 300-350r / min to achieve sufficient mixing of the bacterial solution, straw and soil and promote the conversion of organic matter.

[0070] Next, the Beidou navigation system is used to assist the seeder in row sowing of green manure crops, with varieties such as milk vetch and oats being preferred. The sowing row spacing is controlled at 20cm, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the sowing amount is controlled at 8-12kg / mu, and the seedbed is compacted after sowing to stabilize the seedbed structure. In the middle growth period of green manure, silicon-calcium conditioners are applied at the right time according to changes in leaf moisture or soil moisture content. The SiO2 content is not less than 12%, and the CaO content is not less than 15%. The application amount is controlled at 15-25kg / mu to optimize the soil aggregate structure and enhance the buffering performance.

[0071] The device of this embodiment can be used to execute the above method embodiment, and its principles and technical effects are similar, so they will not be repeated here.

[0072] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-yield planting method for crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional wheel-cropping, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Construct wavy ridges according to the terrain slope, with a ridge width of 190-210 cm. Before sowing, rotary tillage is performed twice in wheat fields that have not been deep-tilled, to a depth of 15-20 cm, and the soil must be harrowed thoroughly. Wheat fields that have been continuously tilled for 2-3 years must be deep-tilled or subsoiling once, to a depth of ≥25 cm and ≥30 cm. After tilling, harrow the fields 2-3 times with a machine, and simultaneously apply 1000-1500 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and slow-release compound fertilizer to form a water and fertilizer regulation vehicle. S2. Based on the wavy ridges, wheat seeds were coated, sunflower seeds were soaked with a plant-derived inducer, and soybean seeds were inoculated with shade-tolerant rhizobia. From late September to mid-October, wheat was precision-sown in rows along the ridges and furrows, with a row spacing of 20 cm ± 2 cm. Within 5-7 days after harvest, sunflower seeds were seeded in double rows on the back of the ridges, with a hole spacing of 45-50 cm. Soybeans were also interplanted in the ridges and furrows without tillage. During the jointing stage, use 15-30 minute time-sharing irrigation in conjunction with fertilizer application. During the budding stage, drip humic acid water-soluble fertilizer at 12-18 kg / mu. Spray sunflowers with 0.008%-0.012% brassinolide to adjust the leaves to 15-25 degrees. Thin soybeans to 16,000-20,000 plants / mu and remove 2-4 old leaves at the bottom. Mulch wheat with vertical straw at a height of 40-60 cm to adjust the microclimate. S4. Intercropping of insect repellent plants (1800-2200 plants / mu) in the oil sunflower belt to form physical isolation, inoculating the soybean rhizosphere with a shade-tolerant strain with a nitrogen fixation efficiency of 80-90%, and wheat straw carrying antagonistic bacteria (1.5-2.5×10 6 CFU / g returned to the field; S5. Sunflower oilseed leaves 1.0-1.5m of stems to form a windbreak barrier. Soybean uses low-loss harvesting technology to preserve the root stubble, with a damage rate of 1-2%. Spray white rot fungus agent 2-4×10 7 CFU / mL promotes straw decomposition, and a dedicated field return device is used to achieve full utilization; 4-6 kg / mu of arrow pea is planted as green manure during every 2-3 years of rotation, and 40-60 kg / mu of silicon-calcium conditioner is applied to form a sustainable soil fertility maintenance system.

2. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 comprises: Three-dimensional slope data is obtained through laser terrain scanning, and wavy ridges are constructed according to the undulating terrain. The width of the ridge furrow is 190-210 cm, and the width of the ridge back is 45-55 cm. Carry out double-tillage operation, with the first tillage depth of 15-18cm and the second tillage depth of 18-20cm. The soil bulk density after tillage should be controlled at 1.2-1.4g / cm³. Apply 1000-1500kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and slow-release compound fertilizer in layers in the furrows after rotary tillage, with the organic fertilizer distributed in the 10-15cm soil layer and the slow-release fertilizer distributed in the 15-30cm soil layer; The ridge back is shaped at an angle of 15-20° using a curved surface forming machine, and a straw biofilm with a thickness of 2-3 cm is covered on the surface. The biofilm contains 1.0-2.0×10 6 CFU / g.

3. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 comprises: Wheat seeds are coated with a composite seed coating agent containing a fungicide, an insecticide, and humic acid as a plant growth regulator to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests during the seedling stage and promote healthy growth of the seedlings; Using plant-derived biostimulant solution to soak oil sunflower seeds to improve seed vitality and plant stress resistance; Soybean seeds were inoculated with shade-tolerant nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to adapt to the light conditions in the intercropping environment and improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of the plants.

4. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 further includes: From September 25 to October 15, wheat was sown in rows using a Beidou navigation seeder, with a row spacing of 20 cm ± 2 cm and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm. On the 5th to 7th day after wheat harvest, use an air-suction seeder to sow oil sunflower seeds in double rows on the ridge back, with a row spacing of 55-60 cm and a hole spacing of 45-50 cm, sowing 2 seeds per hole. At the same time, a no-till seeder is used to interplant soybeans in the ridges and furrows, with a sowing depth of 2-3cm and a sowing amount of 4-5kg / mu.

5. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional wheel-cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: During the jointing stage of wheat, the time-sharing furrow irrigation system is started, and intermittent water and fertilizer infiltration is implemented with a cycle of 15-30 minutes. The single irrigation water volume is controlled at 20-30 cubic meters per mu, and the penetration depth reaches 40-50 cm. During the budding period of oil sunflower, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied through a pressure drip system. The fertilizer concentration is 0.8%-1.2%, the application amount is 12-18 kg / mu, the drip rate is 1.0-1.5 liters / minute, and the application time is 15-20 minutes.

6. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional wheel-cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 further comprises: Within 24 hours after dripping humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, spray 0.008%-0.012% brassinolide on the top of the sunflower main stem to the axil area by atomization to control the upright angle of the leaves at 15-25 degrees; at the same time, carry out directional thinning of soybeans, adjust the spacing between individual plants to 12-15 cm, control the density at 16,000-20,000 plants / mu, and remove 2-4 aging leaves at the bottom of each plant to improve the ventilation and light transmission efficiency in the field.

7. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional wheel-cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: Before sowing soybean seeds, shade-tolerant rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria were inoculated at a concentration of 1.0-1.5×10 8 CFU / mL, 5-7 days after sowing, rhizospheric bacterial agent supplementation was carried out in the ridge zone, and the supplementation amount was 150-200mL / mu to improve the activity of rhizospheric microorganisms and nitrogen fixation efficiency.

8. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional wheel-cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 further includes: Within 3 days after wheat harvest, the straw with antagonistic bacteria was crushed and returned to the field. The concentration of antagonistic bacteria was 1.5-2.5×10 6 CFU / g, the covering thickness is controlled at 3-5cm; during the soybean grain filling stage, an ecological weed strip is retained, with the covering area accounting for 15-30% of the total area of ​​the ridge and furrow strip; The weed belt prioritizes the retention of narrow-leaf perennial plant populations to provide a stable habitat for natural enemy insects such as ladybugs and lacewings, thereby constructing a three-level biological protection network that includes plant isolation, microbial intervention, and continuous residence of natural enemies.

9. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas using three-dimensional wheel-cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 comprises: When harvesting sunflowers mechanically, retain 1.0-1.5m of stalks and build a windbreak at a density of 3-5 stalks / m². Use a low-damage harvester to harvest soybeans, with a header height of 10-15cm and a stubble damage rate of 1-2%. Spray wheat with 2-4×10-10% of white rot fungi 15-30 days before sowing. 7 CFU / mL of the bacterial agent was mixed into the 15-20 cm soil layer by rotary tillage.

10. The high-yield planting method of crops in ridge irrigation areas according to claim 9, characterized in that: The white rot fungus agent contains 1.5-2.0×10 7 CFU / mL, the soil moisture content was 18-22% during spraying, and a double-shaft rotary tiller was used for rotary tillage with a blade spacing of 8-10 cm, a travel speed of 0.8-1.2 m / s, and a rotation speed of 200-300 rpm.

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