BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method and system

Abstract

This invention discloses a BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method and system, relating to the field of data processing. The method includes: constructing a structured BIM database to store substation equipment in an object-oriented format; accessing various substation equipment systems via a multi-protocol data gateway to obtain dynamic data streams with unified timestamps; calculating spatial topological distances based on spatial topological coordinates in the BIM database, and constructing an equipment association matrix based on logical connections and spatial topological distances between equipment; mapping real-time operating data to corresponding equipment objects in the BIM database according to equipment IDs, and correcting the weighting factors of the association matrix based on the real-time data change rate. The advantages of this invention are: by constructing a structured database and combining spatial topology and the equipment association matrix, efficient equipment management, fault detection, and tracing are achieved, improving the operational reliability and intelligence level of the substation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing, and in particular to a BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method and system. Background Technology

[0002] The BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method manages and optimizes various facilities in a substation through digital modeling technology. BIM not only improves the accuracy of equipment layout and facility installation, but also integrates with automated monitoring systems, sensors, and other intelligent devices to achieve intelligent monitoring and data analysis, thereby improving the substation's operational efficiency and safety.

[0003] Current BIM-based smart substation modeling methods and systems on the market fail to achieve a high degree of structure in equipment data storage and management, resulting in low efficiency in data querying and processing, and difficulty in accurately managing equipment electrical parameters, real-time status, and logical relationships. Secondly, existing methods often rely on single protocols or imperfect data synchronization mechanisms, failing to effectively solve data conversion and time synchronization problems between multi-protocol devices, leading to insufficient data uniformity and timeliness, thus affecting the overall system performance. Furthermore, many traditional modeling methods lack comprehensive consideration of spatial topology and logical connections, failing to accurately calculate the correlation between devices, and failing to effectively reflect the mutual influence and fault propagation paths during equipment operation, resulting in low accuracy in fault analysis and tracing. In addition, existing systems often lack dynamic adjustment and adaptive capabilities, failing to automatically correct the correlation matrix weights between devices based on real-time data changes, creating blind spots in the monitoring and fault early warning of devices with high rates of change. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve existing methods and systems, this paper presents a BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method and system. This method achieves efficient equipment management, fault detection and tracing by constructing a structured database, real-time data synchronization and analysis, and combining spatial topology and equipment association matrix, thereby improving the operational reliability and intelligence level of substations.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] BIM-based intelligent substation modeling methods include:

[0007] A structured BIM database is constructed to store substation equipment in an object-oriented form. Each equipment object contains a unique equipment ID, a set of electrical parameters, a set of real-time status variables, spatial topological coordinates, and an identifier for logical connection relationships between equipment. The electrical parameter set and the logical connection relationship identifier are stored separately.

[0008] Based on the multi-protocol data gateway, access is made to various systems of substation equipment to perform protocol conversion and timestamp synchronization, and to obtain dynamic data streams with unified timestamps;

[0009] Spatial topological distances are calculated based on spatial topological coordinates in the BIM database, and an equipment association matrix is ​​constructed based on the logical connection relationships between equipment and the spatial topological distances.

[0010] Real-time operational data is mapped to the corresponding device objects in the BIM database by device ID, and the weight factors of the correlation matrix are corrected based on the rate of change of real-time data.

[0011] Based on the updated device association matrix, state coupling analysis and fault tracing are performed on the dynamic data stream.

[0012] Preferably, the construction of the structured BIM database stores substation equipment in an object-oriented format. Each equipment object includes a unique equipment ID, a set of electrical parameters, a set of real-time status variables, spatial topological coordinates, and identifiers for logical connections between equipment. Specifically, the separate storage of the electrical parameter set and the logical connection identifiers includes:

[0013] Assign a unique identifier to each device;

[0014] Design a separate tabular data structure to store the set of electrical parameters, real-time status variables, spatial topology coordinates, and identifiers of logical connection relationships between devices related to the equipment.

[0015] The logical connection relationship identifier is used to identify the electrical connection and control relationship between devices;

[0016] The electrical parameter set includes equipment nameplate parameters, rated operating condition curves, and insulation aging coefficients.

[0017] The logical connection relationship identifier adopts a two-layer storage structure, including a physical connection layer that stores bus cable connection relationships and a logical dependency layer that stores protection action association relationships;

[0018] The spatial topology coordinates include the spatial range of the device body and the coordinates of the electrical connection points.

[0019] Preferably, the step of accessing various substation equipment systems via a multi-protocol data gateway, performing protocol conversion and timestamp synchronization, and obtaining a dynamic data stream with a unified timestamp specifically includes:

[0020] Through a multi-protocol gateway, data from different protocols is converted into a unified standard protocol, including MQTT and OPC UA;

[0021] Establish a time synchronization mechanism to synchronize the event sources of all devices and systems based on UTC standard time;

[0022] When acquiring data from devices and systems, the gateway attaches a timestamp to each data stream. If the device timestamps are inconsistent, they are adjusted according to the time synchronization mechanism.

[0023] Transmit the converted dynamic data stream with a unified timestamp through a unified data protocol, and detect data loss, delay, and duplication issues in the data stream.

[0024] Preferably, the step of calculating spatial topological distances based on spatial topological coordinates in the BIM database and constructing an equipment association matrix according to the logical connection relationships between equipment and the spatial topological distances specifically includes:

[0025] Based on the acquired spatial topological coordinates, the spatial topological distance is calculated using the Euclidean distance formula, and the calculated spatial topological distances between all device pairs are stored in matrix form.

[0026] Based on the logical connection relationships in the BIM database, determine whether there is a direct association between devices, and set the corresponding element in the relationship matrix to 1 according to the logical connection relationship; if there is no association, set it to 0.

[0027] By fusing the spatial topological distance matrix and the relational matrix, and by designing weighting factors, devices that are spatially close are given high weights to indicate high correlation, thus obtaining the device correlation matrix.

[0028] Preferably, the step of mapping real-time operating data to the corresponding device object in the BIM database according to device ID, and correcting the weight factor of the correlation matrix based on the real-time data change rate specifically includes:

[0029] Real-time data collection and acquisition of substation equipment operation data, and matching of the data with each equipment ID;

[0030] Based on the device ID, the data is mapped to the corresponding device object in the BIM database. When the data is updated, the new real-time data is stored in the corresponding device object in the BIM database according to the device ID.

[0031] Based on the real-time operating data of the substation equipment, the real-time change rate of the equipment parameter data is calculated by taking the difference between two updates;

[0032] For devices with high change rates, the correlation between the device and other devices is increased by increasing the weighting coefficient; for devices with low change rates, the correlation between the device and other devices is reduced by decreasing the weighting coefficient.

[0033] Preferably, the step of performing state coupling analysis and fault tracing on dynamic data streams based on the updated device association matrix specifically includes:

[0034] The coupling degree between devices is quantitatively calculated based on the weighting factors of the correlation matrix between devices and the rate of change of real-time data streams.

[0035] Based on the coupling degree value, the devices are divided into different groups. Devices with high coupling degree are more likely to have their faults or anomalies affect each other.

[0036] Based on the weighting factors in the device association matrix and the coupling degree between devices, the propagation path of the fault is analyzed, and the root cause of the current device fault is obtained through reverse inference.

[0037] Furthermore, a BIM-based intelligent substation modeling system is proposed, including:

[0038] BIM Database Management Module: The BIM database management module is used to build and manage a structured BIM database and store relevant data of substation equipment;

[0039] Data protocol conversion and synchronization module: The data protocol conversion and synchronization module realizes data protocol conversion between devices through a multi-protocol data gateway and performs time synchronization to ensure that the data obtained from the device has a unified timestamp;

[0040] Spatial topology analysis module: The spatial topology analysis module calculates the spatial topology distance between devices based on the spatial topology coordinates of the devices, and constructs a device association matrix by combining the logical connection relationship;

[0041] Data mapping module: The data mapping module is used to map real-time running data to corresponding devices in the BIM database, and dynamically adjust the weight factors of the device association matrix based on the data change rate;

[0042] Coupling Analysis and Fault Source Tracing Module: The Coupling Analysis and Fault Source Tracing Module performs state coupling analysis between devices based on the updated device association matrix, quantifies the coupling degree between devices, and traces the source of faults through fault propagation path analysis;

[0043] Processor: The processor is used to handle the calculation process of each formula and the construction calculation process of each model.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0045] By constructing a structured BIM database and storing substation equipment in an object-oriented format, the electrical parameters, real-time status, spatial topology, and logical connections of each device can be effectively managed and tracked, thereby achieving precise data management and retrieval. Secondly, using a multi-protocol data gateway to achieve data protocol conversion and time synchronization between device systems ensures the consistency and timeliness of dynamic data streams, improving data reliability and accuracy. By calculating spatial topological distances and logical connections between devices, a device association matrix is ​​constructed, enabling more precise analysis of the mutual influence between devices and optimizing the management and maintenance of substation equipment. Furthermore, by adjusting the weighting factors of the device association matrix through real-time data change rates, changes in equipment operating status can be dynamically reflected, improving the accuracy of fault detection and early warning. Finally, through state coupling analysis and fault tracing of dynamic data streams, not only can equipment faults be identified, but the root causes of faults can also be traced, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the substation system. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method proposed in this invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of the BIM database proposed in this invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data stream acquisition proposed in this invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of the device association matrix proposed in this invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the correlation matrix weight factor correction proposed in this invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the coupling analysis and fault tracing proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0053] A BIM-based intelligent substation modeling system includes:

[0054] BIM Database Management Module: The BIM database management module is used to build and manage a structured BIM database and store relevant data of substation equipment;

[0055] Data protocol conversion and synchronization module: The data protocol conversion and synchronization module realizes data protocol conversion between devices through a multi-protocol data gateway and performs time synchronization to ensure that the data obtained from the device has a unified timestamp;

[0056] Spatial topology analysis module: The spatial topology analysis module calculates the spatial topology distance between devices based on the spatial topology coordinates of the devices, and constructs a device association matrix by combining the logical connection relationship;

[0057] Data mapping module: The data mapping module is used to map real-time running data to corresponding devices in the BIM database, and dynamically adjust the weight factors of the device association matrix based on the data change rate;

[0058] Coupling Analysis and Fault Source Tracing Module: The Coupling Analysis and Fault Source Tracing Module performs state coupling analysis between devices based on the updated device association matrix, quantifies the coupling degree between devices, and traces the source of faults through fault propagation path analysis;

[0059] Processor: The processor is used to handle the calculation process of each formula and the construction calculation process of each model.

[0060] See Figure 1 As shown, the BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method includes:

[0061] Step 1: Construct a structured BIM database to store substation equipment in an object-oriented format. Each equipment object contains a unique equipment ID, a set of electrical parameters, a set of real-time status variables, spatial topological coordinates, and an identifier for logical connection relationships between equipment. The electrical parameter set and the logical connection relationship identifier are stored separately.

[0062] Step 2: Based on the multi-protocol data gateway, access the various systems of the substation equipment, perform protocol conversion and timestamp synchronization, and obtain dynamic data streams with unified timestamps;

[0063] Step 3: Calculate the spatial topological distance based on the spatial topological coordinates in the BIM database, and construct the equipment association matrix according to the logical connection relationship between equipment and the spatial topological distance;

[0064] Step 4: Map the real-time operation data to the corresponding device objects in the BIM database by device ID, and adjust the weight factors of the correlation matrix based on the rate of change of the real-time data;

[0065] Step 5: Based on the updated device association matrix, perform state coupling analysis and fault tracing on the dynamic data stream.

[0066] See Figure 2As shown, a structured BIM database is constructed, storing substation equipment in an object-oriented format. Each equipment object contains a unique equipment ID, a set of electrical parameters, a set of real-time status variables, spatial topological coordinates, and identifiers for logical connections between equipment. Specifically, the electrical parameter set and the logical connection identifiers are stored separately.

[0067] Assign a unique identifier to each device;

[0068] Design a separate tabular data structure to store the set of electrical parameters, real-time status variables, spatial topology coordinates, and identifiers of logical connection relationships between devices related to the equipment.

[0069] The logical connection relationship identifier is used to identify the electrical connection and control relationship between devices;

[0070] The electrical parameter set includes equipment nameplate parameters, rated operating condition curves, and insulation aging coefficients.

[0071] The logical connection relationship identifier adopts a two-layer storage structure, including a physical connection layer that stores bus cable connection relationships and a logical dependency layer that stores protection action association relationships;

[0072] The spatial topology coordinates include the spatial range of the device body and the coordinates of the electrical connection points.

[0073] Specifically, assigning a unique identifier to each device is the first step in database design, and the device's unique ID will serve as the primary key for all information about that device.

[0074] The Equipment Basic Information Table stores basic information for each device, such as unique ID, device type, and installation location; the Electrical Parameter Set Table stores the electrical parameter set for each device, including nameplate parameters, rated operating condition curves, and insulation aging coefficient; the Real-Time Status Variable Table stores the real-time status variables of the devices, including the current operating status, temperature, and load data; the Spatial Topology Coordinate Table stores the spatial location of the devices and the coordinates of the electrical connection points between devices; and the Logical Connection Relationship Table stores the electrical connections and control logic relationships between devices.

[0075] For substation equipment, the formula relating rated power and current is: in, Rated power, Rated voltage, Rated current, The power factor angle;

[0076] The insulation aging coefficient is related to factors such as the service life of the equipment and the operating environment.

[0077] See Figure 3As shown, the process of accessing various substation equipment systems via a multi-protocol data gateway, performing protocol conversion and timestamp synchronization, and obtaining dynamic data streams with unified timestamps specifically includes:

[0078] Through a multi-protocol gateway, data from different protocols is converted into a unified standard protocol, including MQTT and OPC UA;

[0079] Establish a time synchronization mechanism to synchronize the event sources of all devices and systems based on UTC standard time;

[0080] When acquiring data from devices and systems, the gateway attaches a timestamp to each data stream. If the device timestamps are inconsistent, they are adjusted according to the time synchronization mechanism.

[0081] Transmit the converted dynamic data stream with a unified timestamp through a unified data protocol, and detect data loss, delay, and duplication issues in the data stream.

[0082] Specifically, a multi-protocol gateway needs to support different communication protocols and be able to interact with the control and monitoring systems of substation equipment. For the MODBUS protocol, the gateway needs to support communication with the equipment via RTU or TCP. For the DNP3 or IEC61850 protocol, the gateway needs to be able to recognize the data format of these protocols.

[0083] The gateway needs to perform protocol conversion on the collected raw data. The core of data format conversion between different protocols lies in parsing the message structure of the protocol and converting the data from different devices into a standardized format, such as MQTT or OPC UA.

[0084] Use standard time synchronization protocols, such as NTP or PTP, to synchronize the time of devices and systems. NTP is suitable for most situations, synchronizing device time through an NTP server on the Internet or intranet; PTP can provide nanosecond-level time synchronization for applications requiring higher precision.

[0085] When acquiring dynamic data from a device or system, the gateway appends the current UTC timestamp to each data stream. If the device's timestamp is inconsistent with the standard timestamp, the gateway needs to adjust the device's time according to a preset time synchronization mechanism.

[0086] See Figure 4 As shown, the calculation of spatial topological distances based on spatial topological coordinates in the BIM database, and the construction of an equipment association matrix based on the logical connection relationships between equipment and the spatial topological distances, specifically includes:

[0087] Based on the acquired spatial topological coordinates, the spatial topological distance is calculated using the Euclidean distance formula, and the calculated spatial topological distances between all device pairs are stored in matrix form.

[0088] Based on the logical connection relationships in the BIM database, determine whether there is a direct association between devices, and set the corresponding element in the relationship matrix to 1 according to the logical connection relationship; if there is no association, set it to 0.

[0089] By fusing the spatial topological distance matrix and the relational matrix, and by designing weighting factors, devices that are spatially close are given high weights to indicate high correlation, thus obtaining the device correlation matrix.

[0090] Specifically, the spatial topological distance between device pairs is calculated based on the Euclidean distance formula using the spatial topological coordinates of the devices. For each pair of devices, the distance is calculated, and a spatial topological distance matrix is ​​constructed, where each element represents the spatial topological distance between the devices.

[0091] Based on the electrical connections (such as busbar connections and cable connections) and control dependencies (such as protection actions and switch operations) between equipment, determine whether there is a direct relationship between the equipment. If there is a physical electrical connection or logical control relationship between the equipment, set the element value to 1; otherwise, set the element value to 0.

[0092] By designing a weighting factor, devices that are close in spatial topology are given higher weights, indicating that the devices have a higher correlation. Considering the weighting of spatial distance and the logical connection relationship of the devices, the spatial topology distance matrix and the relationship matrix are fused to obtain the final device correlation matrix. The fused device correlation matrix integrates the spatial topology relationship and logical connection relationship between devices.

[0093] See Figure 5 As shown, mapping real-time operational data to the corresponding device objects in the BIM database by device ID, and adjusting the weight factors of the correlation matrix based on the rate of change of real-time data, specifically includes:

[0094] Real-time data collection and acquisition of substation equipment operation data, and matching of the data with each equipment ID;

[0095] Based on the device ID, the data is mapped to the corresponding device object in the BIM database. When the data is updated, the new real-time data is stored in the corresponding device object in the BIM database according to the device ID.

[0096] Based on the real-time operating data of the substation equipment, the real-time change rate of the equipment parameter data is calculated by taking the difference between two updates;

[0097] For devices with high change rates, the correlation between the device and other devices is increased by increasing the weighting coefficient; for devices with low change rates, the correlation between the device and other devices is reduced by decreasing the weighting coefficient.

[0098] Specifically, the real-time operating data of each device is matched with the device object in the BIM database through the device ID. The device ID is a unique identifier for each device object in the database, so the device ID can ensure that the real-time data is associated with the correct device.

[0099] Based on the real-time data updates of the device, the real-time change rate of the device parameters is calculated by taking the difference between two data updates. The real-time change rate is the ratio of the current difference to the parameter value at the time of the last update.

[0100] For equipment with a high rate of change, it means that the equipment status has changed significantly, which may indicate equipment failure or abnormality. Therefore, the correlation between such equipment and other equipment should be increased to facilitate timely system response. This can be achieved by increasing the weight coefficient of the equipment correlation to improve the weight of these equipment in the equipment correlation matrix.

[0101] For equipment with a small rate of change, it indicates that the equipment is operating relatively stably. It is appropriate to reduce the correlation with other equipment by lowering the correlation weight coefficient of these equipment to reflect that these equipment have a small impact on the system.

[0102] The association matrix of devices represents the degree of association between devices. The weights of devices are adjusted based on their rate of change, and the association degree is updated. Each time the device data is updated, the rate of change is calculated, and the association weights between devices are adjusted according to the rate of change. The association matrix is ​​then updated to ensure that the association between devices with high rate of change and other devices increases, while the association between devices with low rate of change and other devices decreases.

[0103] See Figure 6 As shown, based on the updated device association matrix, the state coupling analysis and fault tracing of dynamic data streams specifically include:

[0104] The coupling degree between devices is quantitatively calculated based on the weighting factors of the correlation matrix between devices and the rate of change of real-time data streams.

[0105] Based on the coupling degree value, the devices are divided into different groups. Devices with high coupling degree are more likely to have their faults or anomalies affect each other.

[0106] Based on the weighting factors in the device association matrix and the coupling degree between devices, the propagation path of the fault is analyzed, and the root cause of the current device fault is obtained through reverse inference.

[0107] Specifically, the coupling degree between devices can be calculated using the following formula: The formula is: in, The degree of coupling between device i and device j. The initial degree of associativity between devices reflects their spatial and logical connections. To adjust the factor and control the effect of the rate of change on the coupling degree, , The real-time rate of change for each device;

[0108] Based on the above method of calculating coupling degree, a coupling degree matrix can be obtained;

[0109] Based on the degree of coupling between devices, devices can be divided into different groups. Faults or anomalies between highly coupled devices are more likely to affect each other and need to be monitored first. Faults between low-coupling devices have a lower risk of propagation.

[0110] A graph model of fault propagation can be constructed using the coupling degree matrix. The source of the fault can be inferred by using the values ​​in the coupling degree matrix. Through such reverse inference, the contribution of each device to the fault can be analyzed layer by layer, and the root cause of the fault can be inferred.

[0111] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. Furthermore, the above description focuses on specific embodiments of this specification. Additionally, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0112] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0113] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method, characterized in that, include: A structured BIM database is constructed to store substation equipment in an object-oriented form. Each equipment object contains a unique equipment ID, a set of electrical parameters, a set of real-time status variables, spatial topological coordinates, and an identifier for logical connection relationships between equipment. The electrical parameter set and the logical connection relationship identifier are stored separately. Based on the multi-protocol data gateway, access is made to various systems of substation equipment to perform protocol conversion and timestamp synchronization, and to obtain dynamic data streams with unified timestamps; Spatial topological distances are calculated based on spatial topological coordinates in the BIM database, and an equipment association matrix is ​​constructed based on the logical connection relationships between equipment and the spatial topological distances. Real-time operational data is mapped to the corresponding device objects in the BIM database by device ID, and the weight factors of the correlation matrix are corrected based on the rate of change of real-time data. The coupling degree between devices is quantitatively calculated based on the weighting factors of the correlation matrix between devices and the rate of change of real-time data streams. Based on the coupling degree value, the devices are divided into different groups. Devices with high coupling degree are more likely to have their faults or anomalies affect each other. Based on the weighting factors in the device association matrix and the coupling degree between devices, the propagation path of the fault is analyzed, and the root cause of the current device fault is obtained through reverse inference.

2. The BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the structured BIM database stores substation equipment in object form. Each equipment object contains a unique equipment ID, a set of electrical parameters, a set of real-time status variables, spatial topological coordinates, and identifiers for logical connections between equipment. Specifically, the electrical parameter set and the logical connection identifiers are stored separately. Assign a unique identifier to each device; Design a separate tabular data structure to store the set of electrical parameters, real-time status variables, spatial topology coordinates, and identifiers of logical connection relationships between devices related to the equipment. The logical connection relationship identifier is used to identify the electrical connection and control relationship between devices; The electrical parameter set includes equipment nameplate parameters, rated operating condition curves, and insulation aging coefficients. The logical connection relationship identifier adopts a two-layer storage structure, including a physical connection layer that stores bus cable connection relationships and a logical dependency layer that stores protection action association relationships; The spatial topology coordinates include the spatial range of the device body and the coordinates of the electrical connection points.

3. The BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of accessing various substation equipment systems via a multi-protocol data gateway, performing protocol conversion and timestamp synchronization, and obtaining dynamic data streams with unified timestamps specifically includes: Through a multi-protocol gateway, data from different protocols is converted into a unified standard protocol, including MQTT and OPC UA; Establish a time synchronization mechanism to synchronize the event sources of all devices and systems based on UTC standard time; When acquiring data from devices and systems, the gateway attaches a timestamp to each data stream. If the device timestamps are inconsistent, they are adjusted according to the time synchronization mechanism. Transmit the converted dynamic data stream with a unified timestamp through a unified data protocol, and detect data loss, delay, and duplication issues in the data stream.

4. The BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of spatial topological distances based on spatial topological coordinates in the BIM database, and the construction of an equipment association matrix based on the logical connection relationships between equipment and the spatial topological distances, specifically includes: Based on the acquired spatial topological coordinates, the spatial topological distance is calculated using the Euclidean distance formula, and the calculated spatial topological distances between all device pairs are stored in matrix form. Based on the logical connection relationships in the BIM database, determine whether there is a direct association between devices, and set the corresponding element in the relationship matrix to 1 according to the logical connection relationship; if there is no association, set it to 0. By fusing the spatial topological distance matrix and the relational matrix, and by designing weighting factors, devices that are spatially close are given high weights to indicate high correlation, thus obtaining the device correlation matrix.

5. The BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of mapping real-time operational data to corresponding device objects in the BIM database by device ID, and correcting the weight factors of the correlation matrix based on the rate of change of real-time data, specifically includes: Real-time data collection and acquisition of substation equipment operation data, and matching of the data with each equipment ID; Based on the device ID, the data is mapped to the corresponding device object in the BIM database. When the data is updated, the new real-time data is stored in the corresponding device object in the BIM database according to the device ID. Based on the real-time operating data of the substation equipment, the real-time change rate of the equipment parameter data is calculated by taking the difference between two updates; For devices with high change rates, the correlation between the device and other devices is increased by increasing the weighting coefficient; for devices with low change rates, the correlation between the device and other devices is reduced by decreasing the weighting coefficient.

6. A BIM-based intelligent substation modeling system, used to implement the BIM-based intelligent substation modeling method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: BIM Database Management Module: The BIM database management module is used to build and manage a structured BIM database and store relevant data of substation equipment; Data protocol conversion and synchronization module: The data protocol conversion and synchronization module realizes data protocol conversion between devices through a multi-protocol data gateway and performs time synchronization to ensure that the data obtained from the device has a unified timestamp; Spatial topology analysis module: The spatial topology analysis module calculates the spatial topology distance between devices based on the spatial topology coordinates of the devices, and constructs a device association matrix by combining the logical connection relationship; Data mapping module: The data mapping module is used to map real-time running data to corresponding devices in the BIM database, and dynamically adjust the weight factors of the device association matrix based on the data change rate; Coupling Analysis and Fault Source Tracing Module: The Coupling Analysis and Fault Source Tracing Module performs state coupling analysis between devices based on the updated device association matrix, quantifies the coupling degree between devices, and traces the source of faults through fault propagation path analysis; Processor: The processor is used to handle the calculation process of each formula and the construction calculation process of each model.

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