Beam switching method of millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array

Abstract

The invention provides a wave beam switching method of a millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array, and relates to the technical field of phased arrays, and the method comprises the steps: setting the liquid crystal phased array to obtain the number of liquid crystal antennas, the array type and the array element spacing, and setting a transmission signal and a sight line transmission channel to obtain a transmission signal; performing pre-coding decoupling on the transmission signal, and performing phase shifter phase setting based on the analog pre-coding matrix to obtain a phase shifter phase setting result; performing bit constraint on the analog precoding matrix in the transmission signal to obtain a bit constraint result; based on a bit constraint result, performing quantization angle resetting and bit joint constraint on the analog precoding matrix to obtain a reset phase shifter angle; based on the reset phase shifter angle, the gain result of beam switching is analyzed, a beam switching result is obtained, and beam switching of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array is completed. According to the invention, the problem of how to shorten the beam switching time of the liquid crystal phased array is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of phased array technology, and in particular to a beam switching method for a millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array. Background Art

[0002] With spectrum resources becoming increasingly scarce and the demand for communication services increasing, new spectrum, particularly millimeter-wave (30GHz-300GHz) and terahertz (0.1THz-10THz) spectrum with its wideband performance, has become a key research and development direction. However, millimeter-wave and terahertz spectrum suffer from high path loss and short transmission distances, forcing phased arrays to become the core technology for their implementation. Traditional mechanical scanning antennas are bulky and heavy, making them difficult to transport on vehicles, aircraft, or even on people. Liquid crystal, as a material with a tunable dielectric constant, has emerged as an ideal solution due to its low frequency loss and low cost. Liquid crystal-based phased array antenna technology has become a hot topic of research in recent years. However, a significant issue with liquid crystal phased arrays is the relatively slow beam switching speed, primarily due to the slow switching time between liquid crystal device states, with reconfiguration times reaching the order of seconds. For some applications that require high-speed beam scanning or rapid dynamic adjustment (such as real-time monitoring, communication beam tracking, etc.), the beam switching speed of millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased arrays has become a bottleneck restricting their widespread application. How to shorten the beam switching time of liquid crystal phased arrays has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Currently, research on improving the response speed of liquid crystal phase shifters focuses on the following areas: first, accelerating the response by using polymerizable liquid crystal compounds; second, employing dual-frequency liquid crystal materials to achieve faster modulation at different frequencies; and third, optimizing response time by reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal cavity by exploiting material properties. These research directions aim to improve the control efficiency and dynamic performance of liquid crystal phase shifters to meet the demands for higher speed and more precise control. However, these approaches often face challenges such as increased material cost, complexity, and excessive power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a beam switching method for a millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array, which solves the problem of how to shorten the beam switching time of the liquid crystal phased array.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a beam switching method for a millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array, comprising: S1: By setting the liquid crystal phased array, the number of liquid crystal antennas, array type and array element spacing are obtained; S2: Based on the number of liquid crystal antennas, the array type, and the array element spacing, a transmission signal and a line-of-sight transmission channel are set to obtain a transmission signal; S3: performing precoding decoupling on the transmission signal, performing phase setting of a phase shifter based on an analog precoding matrix, and obtaining a phase setting result of the phase shifter; S4: performing bit constraint on the analog precoding matrix in the transmission signal to obtain a bit constraint result; S5: Based on the bit constraint result, perform quantization angle resetting and bit joint constraint on the analog precoding matrix to obtain a reset phase shifter angle; S6: Based on the reset phase shifter angle, the gain result of the beam switching is analyzed to obtain the beam switching result, thereby completing the beam switching of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array.

[0006] Furthermore, the expression of the line-of-sight transmission channel is: ; ; ; ; in, represents the line-of-sight transmission channel, represents the normalization factor, represents the steering vector at the receiving end, represents the target angle of the receiver, represents the steering vector at the transmitter, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter, represents the conjugate transpose, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, Indicates the number of antennas at the receiving end, represents the transpose of the steering vector at the receiving end, represents the transpose of the steering vector at the transmitter, j represents the complex unit, represents the wavelength of the transmitted wave, and d represents the array element spacing.

[0007] Furthermore, the expression of the transmission signal is: ; ; in, Indicates the transmission signal, represents the decoding matrix, represents the line-of-sight transmission channel, represents the analog precoding matrix, Indicates the transmission signal, represents the first orthogonal matrix, represents a diagonal matrix whose elements on the main diagonal are singular values, represents the second orthogonal matrix, represents the conjugate transpose.

[0008] Furthermore, the expression of the simulated precoding matrix is: ; in, represents the transpose of the analog precoding matrix, j represents the complex unit, represents the wavelength of the transmitted wave, d represents the array element spacing, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter.

[0009] Furthermore, the bit constraint result includes quantization angle constraint, carry probability and rounding probability, wherein the expression of the bit constraint result is: ; ; in, represents the quantized angle constraint, and Both represent adjacent quantized angles, represents the ideal angle, represents the interval between quantized angles, represents the carry probability, represents the probability of truncating the tail, represents the second quantization error, Represents the first quantization error.

[0010] Furthermore, the S5 includes: Resetting the quantization angle of the analog precoding matrix based on the bit constraint result and the phase shift range to obtain a reset quantization angle; The phase shifter angle is reset by utilizing the reset quantization angle and the bit joint constraint to obtain a reset phase shifter angle.

[0011] Furthermore, the expression of the gain result is: ; in, Represents the gain results of the antenna array at various angles, represents the target angle of the receiver, represents the analog precoding matrix, represents the conjugate transpose, represents transpose, j represents complex unit, d represents antenna element spacing, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, represents the wavelength of the emitted wave, k represents the wave number, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter.

[0012] The present invention provides a beam switching method for a millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array. This method optimizes the beam switching process and improves beam switching speed by combining bit constraints with a reduced phase shift range of the liquid crystal phase shifter. By utilizing a two-bit phase shifter and constraining its phase shift angle, the method balances phase shifter adjustment speed with system cost while ensuring beamforming accuracy and mainlobe gain. This method significantly improves the startup speed and beam switching speed of the liquid crystal phased array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] This specification will be further described in the form of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, like numbers represent like structures, wherein: Figure 1 is an exemplary flow chart of a beam switching method for a millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram comparing the liquid crystal phase shift delays of 180 degrees and 270 degrees according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 3 This is an exemplary schematic diagram comparing the direction of the array antenna beam switching process of a liquid crystal phased array system without phase shift range constraint and with bit shift phase range joint constraint according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 4 This is an exemplary schematic diagram comparing the direction of the array antenna beam switching process using a liquid crystal phased array system with joint constraints on bits and phase shift ranges and using only bit constraints to constrain the phase shift range according to some embodiments of this specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concepts of the present invention are protected.

[0015] Example Figure 1 This is an exemplary flow chart of a beam switching method for a millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to some embodiments of this specification. Figure 1As shown, the process includes the following steps. In some embodiments, the process can be executed by a processor.

[0016] S1: By setting the liquid crystal phased array, the number of liquid crystal antennas, array type, and array element spacing are obtained.

[0017] Liquid crystal phased array is a phased array antenna based on liquid crystal, which can support the millimeter wave and terahertz spectrum with broadband performance. For example, the liquid crystal phased array can include a uniform linear array of transmitting end liquid crystal phased array containing multiple liquid crystal phase shifters and a receiving end liquid crystal phased array. The transmitting end of the antenna array consists of The receiving end consists of The antennas are composed of 10 antennas, and the distance between the transmitting and receiving elements is equal to ,in Indicates the wavelength of the emitted wave , represents the speed of light, represents the frequency of the transmitted wave; wherein, the operating parameters of the liquid crystal phased array are shown in Table 1.

[0018] Table 1 Liquid crystal phased array operating parameters

[0019] Liquid crystal phase shifter is a device used to adjust the phase of the antenna.

[0020] In some embodiments, the processor may perform beamforming on the array antenna by setting the phase of the liquid crystal phase shifter.

[0021] In some embodiments, the processor can utilize liquid crystal phase shifters to control the phase of the liquid crystal phased array to implement analog precoding and beamforming. Specifically, the processor can implement analog precoding by controlling the phase of each liquid crystal phase shifter: analog precoding is implemented by the phase of the liquid crystal phase shifter, and each value in the analog precoding matrix corresponds to the value by which each liquid crystal phase shifter needs to shift its phase. Phase control of the phase shifters achieves both analog precoding and beamforming of the transmitted signal.

[0022] S2: Based on the number of liquid crystal antennas, the array type, and the array element spacing, a transmission signal and a line-of-sight transmission channel are set to obtain a transmission signal.

[0023] The transmit signal is the signal at the transmitting end of the liquid crystal phased array antenna. For example, the transmit signal can be expressed as ,in, Represents the simulated precoding matrix, with a size of , Represents the transmitted signal of the transmitting antenna, the size is .

[0024] In some embodiments, analog beamforming is used for all antenna elements to share a single RF chain. .

[0025] A line-of-sight transmission channel is a channel used to transmit a transmission signal. For example, the channel may be a LoS path channel that does not consider multipath delay and channel fading.

[0026] In some embodiments, the expression of the line-of-sight transmission channel may be: ; ; ; ; in, represents the line-of-sight transmission channel, represents the normalization factor, represents the steering vector at the receiving end, represents the target angle of the receiver, represents the steering vector at the transmitter, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter, represents the conjugate transpose, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, Indicates the number of antennas at the receiving end, represents the transpose of the steering vector at the receiving end, represents the transpose of the steering vector at the transmitter, j represents the complex unit, represents the wavelength of the transmitted wave, and d represents the array element spacing.

[0027] The transmission signal is the signal that transmits the signal through the channel to the target location.

[0028] In some embodiments, the expression of the transmission signal may be: ; ; in, Indicates the transmission signal, represents the decoding matrix, represents the line-of-sight transmission channel, represents the analog precoding matrix, Indicates the transmission signal, represents the first orthogonal matrix, represents a diagonal matrix whose elements on the main diagonal are singular values, represents the second orthogonal matrix, represents the conjugate transpose.

[0029] In some embodiments, the transmit signal may be size, Indicates the number of data streams, The size can be , The size can be , The size can be , The size can be , The size can be .

[0030] In some embodiments, the processor may obtain information in the simulated precoding matrix F from the matrix V, namely: , ,in, Indicates size The sub-matrix of Indicates size submatrix of .

[0031] S3: performing precoding decoupling on the transmission signal, performing phase setting of a phase shifter based on an analog precoding matrix, and obtaining a phase setting result of the phase shifter.

[0032] The analog precoding matrix is ​​a matrix used for setting the phase of the phase shifter.

[0033] In some embodiments, the expression of the simulated precoding matrix may be: ; in, represents the transpose of the analog precoding matrix, j represents the complex unit, represents the wavelength of the transmitted wave, d represents the array element spacing, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, represents the target angle of the transmitter, represents the amplitude of each liquid crystal antenna, Indicates the phase of each liquid crystal antenna.

[0034] The phase of the phase shifter is the phase of each liquid crystal antenna adjusted by the phase shifter.

[0035] In some embodiments, the processor can use an analog precoding matrix to set the phase of the phase shifter for the transmission signal after precoding decoupling, where the phase corresponding to each element is the phase that each liquid crystal phase shifter needs to shift, thereby obtaining the phase shifter phase; wherein the analog precoding matrix is ​​obtained by setting the initial phase of the first array element to 0 and performing power normalization on the precoding matrix.

[0036] S4: Perform bit constraint on the analog precoding matrix in the transmission signal to obtain a bit constraint result.

[0037] The bit constraint result is a constraint result used to optimize the analog precoding matrix. For example, the bit constraint result may include quantization angle constraint, carry probability, and round-off probability.

[0038] In some embodiments, the processor may use a rounding method to perform bit constraints on the analog precoding matrix in the transmission signal, and each quantization angle is set at equal intervals, and the interval between the quantization angles is , m represents the number of selected bits, for any ideal angle in the simulated precoding matrix F , there are two adjacent quantization angles and ,make ,get Quantized angle constraint results.

[0039] In some embodiments, the processor can use rounding to directly perform quantization to minimize the quantization error. The maximum quantization error generated is , select 0° as the first quantization angle. The quantization angles at this time are .

[0040] In some embodiments, the processor can utilize a phase quantization method with random phase feed. By properly allocating the number of rounding and truncation, the total number of rounded phases is numerically equal to the total number of rounded phases, thereby reducing the overall phase feed error of the phased array antenna. When using the phase quantization method with random phase feed, the probabilities of rounding and truncation are p and q, respectively. When quantizing the phase in the analog precoding matrix, the phase is quantized with rounding and truncation according to the probabilities p and q of the binary method.

[0041] In some embodiments, the expression of the bit constraint result is: ; ; in, represents the quantized angle constraint, and Both represent adjacent quantized angles, represents the ideal angle, represents the interval between quantized angles, represents the carry probability, represents the probability of truncating the tail, represents the second quantization error, Represents the first quantization error.

[0042] S5: Based on the bit constraint result, perform quantization angle reset and bit joint constraint on the analog precoding matrix to obtain a reset phase shifter angle.

[0043] The reset phase shifter angle is a phase shift range angle of the phase shifter that reduces the response time.

[0044] In some embodiments, the processor can reset the quantization angle of the analog precoding matrix based on the bit constraint result and the phase shift range to obtain a reset quantization angle; and reset the phase shifter angle using the reset quantization angle and the bit joint constraint to obtain a reset phase shifter angle.

[0045] Resetting the quantization angle is a quantization angle that reduces the response time.

[0046] In some embodiments, the processor can shift the phase shifter from Constrained to After this time There can be no quantized angles between the ranges of In this case, according to the setting of the quantization angle by rounding, the quantization angle is reset to The phase shift range is constrained to After that, 0° is used as the first quantized phase, and As the last quantized phase. According to the rounding method, the quantized angle interval at this time is ,in is the number of quantization bits. The quantization angles at this time are .

[0047] In some embodiments, the processor may use a two-possible value method to simulate the precoding matrix under the new quantization angle. Quantize, for the analog precoding matrix Middle phase , directly quantized according to the binary possible value method One of these quantization angles; for the precoding matrix Middle Phase exist When the phase between is quantized, the angle of carry quantization is That is 0°, the angle of quantization is At this time, the carry quantization error , quantization error , and finally according to the two possible value method Perform carry or truncate quantization.

[0048] S6: Based on the reset phase shifter angle, the gain result of the beam switching is analyzed to obtain the beam switching result, thereby completing the beam switching of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array.

[0049] The gain result reflects the degree of shortening of beam switching time.

[0050] Gain loss is a loss that reflects the magnitude of the quantization error caused by resetting the phase shifter angle. For example, gain loss can be characterized by the array antenna pattern.

[0051] In some embodiments, constraining the phase shift range will cause an increase in quantization error, resulting in a decrease in the beamforming main lobe gain. The main lobe gain loss is analyzed to obtain the gain loss. The specific comparison of the gain loss is shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2 Gain loss comparison table Target angle (°) 0 10 20 30 40 50 Unrestricted phase shift range (dB) 24.0824 23.3103 23.1632 24.0824 23.2753 23.2186 Joint constraint of bit position and phase shift range (dB) 24.0824 22.6001 22.8776 21.9431 22.2632 22.0057 Phase shift range (dB) using 1-bit constraint 24.0824 20.5612 19.5317 21.0721 19.9130 20.2146 Table 2 compares the main lobe gain of the liquid crystal phased array system simulated in the embodiment of the present invention at various targets when the phase shift range constraint is not applied, the phase shift range constraint is combined with the bit shift range constraint, and the phase shift range constraint is applied with 1 bit. , the four quantization angles are 、 、 and At this time and this The maximum quantization error of the angle within the range is Compared with the unconstrained phase shift range, the range is reduced by 33%. this The maximum quantization error of the angle within the range is Compared with the unconstrained phase shift range, the range is increased by 100%. The error increase within the range is too large, and the reduction in the errors of other angular positions cannot make up for the impact of the error increase within this range. Table 2 shows that compared with the solution that only uses 2-bit constraints without constraining its maximum phase shift range, the proposed solution with a bit constraint of 2 bits and a phase shift range constrained to 180 degrees has gain loss at all target angles except 0 degrees, but the maximum loss is only about 1dB, which is within the acceptable range. Further comparing the joint constraint of the bit phase shift range with the use of a 1-bit constraint on the phase shift range, Table 2 shows that although the latter guarantees a 180-degree phase shift range, its gain suffers a significant loss compared to the joint constraint of the bit and phase shift range.

[0053] In some embodiments, the expression of the gain result may be: ; in, Represents the gain results of the antenna array at various angles, represents the target angle of the receiver, represents the analog precoding matrix, represents the conjugate transpose, represents transpose, j represents complex unit, d represents antenna element spacing, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, represents the wavelength of the emitted wave, k represents the wave number, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter.

[0054] The beam switching result reflects the response time of the liquid crystal phased array beam switching.

[0055] In some embodiments, the processor can obtain a beam switching result by constraining the bit position and phase shift range of the liquid crystal phase shifter based on the proportional relationship between the phase shift angle of the liquid crystal phase shifter and the response time of the liquid crystal phase shifter; for example, a comparison of the beam switching results is shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3 Comparison of beam switching results

[0057] Table 3 shows the response time under different maximum phase shift ranges. By constraining the phase shift angle to 0° to 180°, the phase shift range can be reduced by 90° compared to the phase shift range of 0° to 270° using only a 2-bit constraint. Based on a review of relevant literature and time estimates, this constraint can significantly reduce the phase shifter's turn-on time ( ) and closing time ( ), thereby shortening the overall response time. The data in Table 3 shows that when the phase shift angle is 180°, Ton and Toff are 3 seconds and 7 seconds, respectively. However, when the phase shift angle is increased to 270°, Ton and Toff increase to 5 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively. This indicates that by limiting the phase shift angle to 0° to 180°, Ton can be shortened by 40% and Toff by 30%.

[0058] Figure 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram comparing the liquid crystal phase shift delays of 180 degrees and 270 degrees according to some embodiments of this specification, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the liquid crystal response time relatively Longer, constraining the phase shift range from 270 degrees to 180 degrees can shortened by 40%, Shortened by 30%.

[0059] Figure 3 This is an exemplary schematic diagram comparing the direction of the array antenna beam switching process of the liquid crystal phased array system without phase shift range constraint and bit shift phase range joint constraint according to some embodiments of this specification, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, due to the characteristics of liquid crystal, when switching beams, it is necessary to reset from the current state to the initial state before switching from the initial state to the next state. The beam switching time required in this process is . Combine Table 3 with Figure 3 It can be seen that when switching from the initial target angle of 0 degrees to the first target angle of 10 degrees, the gain of the constrained phase shift range at the target angle decreased by 0.7102 dB compared to not constraining the phase shift range, but its response speed increased by 40%. When switching from the first target angle of 10 degrees to the second target angle of 20 degrees, the gain of the constrained phase shift range at 20 degrees decreased by 0.2856 dB, but the response speed of the beam switching process increased by 1 / 3.

[0060] Figure 4 This is an exemplary schematic diagram comparing the direction of the array antenna beam switching process by jointly constraining the bit position and phase shift range with only constraining the phase shift range using the bit position constraint according to some embodiments of this specification. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the phase shift range of the 1-bit phase shifter can be controlled to 180 degrees directly. The combined constraint of the bit and the phase shift range also controls the phase shift range to 180 degrees, so the response time of the liquid crystal phased array of the two is the same. Figure 4 As shown in Table 3, using a 1-bit phase shifter introduces significant quantization error, significantly impacting beamforming gain. At a target angle of 10 degrees, the combined constraint improves gain by 2.0389 dB compared to the 1-bit constraint, and at a target angle of 20 degrees, it improves by 3.3459 dB.

[0061] In some embodiments of this specification, a beam switching method for a millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array is provided. This method optimizes the beam switching process and improves beam switching speed by combining bit constraints with a reduced phase shift range of the liquid crystal phase shifter. By utilizing a two-bit phase shifter and constraining its phase shift angle, the method balances phase shifter adjustment speed with system cost while ensuring beamforming accuracy and mainlobe gain. This method significantly improves the startup speed and beam switching speed of the liquid crystal phased array.

Claims

1. A beam switching method for a millimeter-wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array, characterized in that: include: S1: By setting the liquid crystal phased array, the number of liquid crystal antennas, array type and array element spacing are obtained; S2: Based on the number of liquid crystal antennas, the array type, and the array element spacing, a transmission signal and a line-of-sight transmission channel are set to obtain a transmission signal; S3: performing precoding decoupling on the transmission signal, performing phase setting of a phase shifter based on an analog precoding matrix, and obtaining a phase setting result of the phase shifter; S4: performing bit constraint on the analog precoding matrix in the transmission signal to obtain a bit constraint result; S5: Based on the bit constraint result, perform quantization angle resetting and bit joint constraint on the analog precoding matrix to obtain a reset phase shifter angle; S6: Based on the reset phase shifter angle, the gain result of the beam switching is analyzed to obtain the beam switching result, thereby completing the beam switching of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array.

2. The beam switching method of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the line-of-sight transmission channel is: ； ； ； ； in, represents the line-of-sight transmission channel, represents the normalization factor, represents the steering vector at the receiving end, represents the target angle of the receiver, represents the steering vector at the transmitter, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter, represents the conjugate transpose, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, Indicates the number of antennas at the receiving end, represents the transpose of the steering vector at the receiving end, represents the transpose of the steering vector at the transmitter, j represents the complex unit, represents the wavelength of the transmitted wave, and d represents the array element spacing.

3. The beam switching method of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the transmission signal is: ； ； in, Indicates the transmission signal, represents the decoding matrix, represents the line-of-sight transmission channel, represents the analog precoding matrix, Indicates the transmission signal, represents the first orthogonal matrix, represents a diagonal matrix whose elements on the main diagonal are singular values, represents the second orthogonal matrix, represents the conjugate transpose.

4. The beam switching method of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the simulated precoding matrix is: ； in, represents the transpose of the analog precoding matrix, j represents the complex unit, represents the wavelength of the transmitted wave, d represents the array element spacing, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter.

5. The beam switching method of millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bit constraint result includes quantization angle constraint, carry probability and rounding probability, wherein the expression of the bit constraint result is: ； ； in, represents the quantized angle constraint, and Both represent adjacent quantized angles, represents the ideal angle, represents the interval between quantized angles, represents the carry probability, represents the probability of truncating the tail, represents the second quantization error, Represents the first quantization error.

6. The beam switching method of the millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 includes: Resetting the quantization angle of the analog precoding matrix based on the bit constraint result and the phase shift range to obtain a reset quantization angle; The phase shifter angle is reset by utilizing the reset quantization angle and the bit joint constraint to obtain a reset phase shifter angle.

7. The beam switching method of millimeter wave terahertz liquid crystal phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the gain result is: ； in, Represents the gain results of the antenna array at various angles, represents the target angle of the receiver, represents the analog precoding matrix, represents the conjugate transpose, represents transpose, j represents complex unit, d represents antenna element spacing, Indicates the number of transmitting antennas, represents the wavelength of the emitted wave, k represents the wave number, Indicates the target angle of the transmitter.

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