Perovskite solar cell module and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a perovskite solar cell module and a preparation method and application thereof. At a high light transmittance (gt; 40%), a large area (gt; in the preparation of a perovskite solar cell module (PSM) with high light transmittance and high light conversion efficiency, a uniform and compact semitransparent perovskite thin film is successfully obtained through a film coating preparation step of adding a DMPU layer before a perovskite thin film layer is prepared, so that the PSM with high light transmittance and high light conversion efficiency is prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular relates to a perovskite solar cell assembly and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Semi-transparent perovskite solar cell modules (ST-PSMs) possess unique optical properties and can be used in a variety of scenarios. They integrate light collection and photovoltaic conversion, can be attached to building surfaces without obscuring the original material's appearance, and can continuously supply electricity to the building, making them ideal for integrated photovoltaic applications. Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells can not only be designed to present specific colors, thus replacing most traditional building facades, but can also absorb ultraviolet and infrared radiation, making them suitable for use in glass curtain walls. The development of colorful photovoltaic devices using semi-transparent solar cells has enormous commercial value.

[0003] Perovskite solar cell modules typically consist of a transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, and a bottom electrode. Translucent cells achieve enhanced transmittance by thinning the perovskite film. However, as the desired transparency increases, the perovskite film needs to be further thinned, and the difficulty of film formation increases step by step. At high transmittances (>40%), serious problems with film formation and crystallization occur, severely reducing the efficiency of the cell module. At this point, a large number of defect states exist at the interface, which can trap oxygen and water molecules, destroying the integrity of the perovskite film and causing a sharp drop in module stability.

[0004] Based on the above pain points, there is an urgent need for a good perovskite film formation solution in semi-transparent cells. A class of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) has been introduced into small areas (<1cm 2 ) cell components, the hole transport layer (HTL) film surface modification is performed to enhance the crystallinity of the perovskite film. However, in large areas (>25cm 2 ) In the preparation of solar cell components, the SAMs thin layer has poor dispersion on the substrate surface, poor wettability and greatly reduced anchoring effect, making it difficult to play a role in the growth process of large-area substrates. On the contrary, due to the agglomeration effect, large-area distributed voids are generated during the spin coating of the perovskite layer, resulting in a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell components. Therefore, there is still an urgent need to develop a method suitable for high transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 ) of PSM interface modification materials to improve the NiO x The bonding effect between the perovskite film layer solves the problem of difficulty in film formation and crystallization of the perovskite layer. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention adopts a layered 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU) to deposit nickel oxide (NiO) on the surface of the substrate by physical vapor deposition in the preparation of perovskite solar cell modules. x ) / self-assembled molecules (SAMs) HTL layer is used for interface modification to improve the coverage of the perovskite film on the interface.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell module, which has a longitudinal layer-by-layer stacking structure and consists of a bottom transparent conductive oxide layer, a hole transport layer, a DMPU layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a top transparent conductive oxide layer from bottom to top; the surface of the hole transport layer is coated with self-assembled molecules.

[0007] Preferably, the self-assembling molecules are selected from one or both of Me-2PACz and 2PACz.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the DMPU layer is prepared by spin coating, slit coating or doctor blade coating a DMPU solution onto the hole transport layer and then annealing. The DMPU solution comprises DMPU and a solvent, and the concentration of DMPU in the DMPU solution is 0.1 to 5 mg / mL.

[0009] Preferably, the annealing temperature is 90-110° C., and the duration is 5-60 minutes.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the perovskite solar cell module is greater than 20 cm 2 .

[0011] Preferably, the area of ​​the perovskite solar cell assembly is greater than 25 cm 2 .

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the perovskite solar cell module has a light transmittance greater than 20%.

[0013] Preferably, the light transmittance of the perovskite solar cell module is greater than 30%; more preferably, the light transmittance of the perovskite solar cell module is greater than 40%.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell module as described in any embodiment herein, the method comprising adding a DMPU layer.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the method includes: before preparing the perovskite layer of the perovskite solar cell module, adding a DMPU layer on the surface of the hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the method comprises the steps of:

[0017] S1: Prepare substrate;

[0018] S2: depositing a bottom conductive oxide layer on the substrate surface;

[0019] S3: coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the bottom conductive oxide layer, and coating the self-assembled molecules on the surface of the hole transport layer;

[0020] S4: adding a DMPU layer to the surface of the hole transport layer;

[0021] S5: adding a perovskite layer to the surface of the DMPU layer;

[0022] S6: coating the ETL on the surface of the perovskite layer;

[0023] S7: Plating a top conductive oxide layer on the ETL surface;

[0024] S8: Packaging processing.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the method of adding the DMPU layer is: substrate area < 25cm 2 , spin-coat the DMPU solution on the surface of the hole transport layer and then anneal to form a DMPU layer; or, the substrate area is >25cm 2 The DMPU solution is applied to the surface of the hole transport layer by slit coating or blade coating, and then annealed to form a DMPU layer.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, the DMPU solution comprises DMPU and a solvent, and the concentration of DMPU in the DMPU solution is 0.1 to 5 mg / mL.

[0027] Preferably, the annealing temperature is 90-110° C., and the duration is 5-60 minutes.

[0028] Preferably, the concentration of DMPU in the DMPU solution is 0.2-4 mg / mL; more preferably, the concentration of DMPU in the DMPU solution is 0.5-3.5 mg / mL.

[0029] Preferably, the solvent is selected from one or both of isopropyl alcohol and chlorobenzene.

[0030] Preferably, the solvent is selected from a combination of isopropyl alcohol and chlorobenzene. More preferably, the solvent is selected from a combination of isopropyl alcohol and chlorobenzene, wherein the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to chlorobenzene is 1:1.

[0031] In another aspect, the present invention provides use of the perovskite solar cell assembly as described in any embodiment herein in photovoltaic power generation.

[0032] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell module is used as color-changing glass.

[0033] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell module is used as a window or a door.

[0034] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell module is used as a sunshade. More preferably, the perovskite solar cell module is used as a curtain or a parasol.

[0035] The perovskite solar cell module (PSM) and its preparation method provided by the present invention have at least one of the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

[0036] 1. The present invention has high light transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 ) in the preparation of PSM, a uniform and dense semi-transparent perovskite film was successfully prepared by adding a DMPU layer before preparing the perovskite film layer.

[0037] 2. The present invention has high light transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 ) in the preparation of PSM, by adding a DMPU layer before preparing the perovskite thin film layer, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell was improved, and a PSM with both high transparency and high photoelectric conversion efficiency was obtained.

[0038] 3. The present invention provides high light transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 ) PSMs are effectively adapted to photovoltaic applications requiring high transmittance. Compared to traditional low-transmittance or small-area PSMs, they offer significant potential for widespread application. For example, they can be made into color-changing glass as a new type of photovoltaic window for houses and agricultural greenhouses. Furthermore, combining them with flexible perovskite cells can further expand their application scenarios, such as photovoltaic parasols, rooftop photovoltaic skylights, and photovoltaic curtains. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the DMPU solution spin coating process.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the DMPU solution slit coating process.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a large-area, high-transmittance perovskite solar cell module (PSM).

[0042] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a large-area, high-transmittance perovskite solar cell module without a DMPU layer.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a flow chart for the preparation of perovskite solar cell modules.

[0044] Figure 6 This is the appearance observation picture of a large area high transmittance PSM. Figure 6 A in the figure is the appearance observation picture of the PSM without DMPU layer during the preparation process; Figure 6 B in the figure is the appearance observation picture of the PSM containing the DMPU layer during the preparation process; Figure 6 Figure C is a scanning electron microscope observation image of the PSM containing the DMPU layer during the preparation process.

[0045] Figure 7 The performance comparison of PSMs containing DMPU as a single layer and as one of the precursor solvents is shown in Figure 2. Figure 7 A in the figure is the open circuit voltage performance comparison; Figure 7 B in the figure is the short-circuit current performance comparison; Figure 7 The C in the figure is the fill factor performance comparison; Figure 7 D in the figure is the performance comparison of photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0046] Figure 8 2 are JV curves of PSMs containing DMPU as a single layer and as one of the precursor solvents, respectively.

[0047] Figure 9 The performance comparison of PSMs containing different concentrations of DMPU in separate layers is shown in Figure 2. Figure 9 A in the figure is the open circuit voltage performance comparison; Figure 9 B in the figure is the short-circuit current performance comparison; Figure 9 The C in the figure is the fill factor performance comparison; Figure 9 D in the figure is the performance comparison of photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0048] Figure 10 Graphs showing the JV curves of PSMs containing DMPU at different concentrations in separate layers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The semi-transparent perovskite solar cell module (PSM) involved in the present invention is a longitudinal layer-by-layer stacking structure ( Figure 3 ), from bottom to top are bottom transparent conductive oxide layer (bottom TCO) 1, hole transport layer (HTL) 2, DMPU layer 3, perovskite layer 4, electron transport layer (ETL) 5 and top transparent conductive oxide layer (top TCO) 6. Among them, bottom transparent conductive oxide layer 1 (including ITO, FTO, IZO, IWO, etc.), hole transport layer 2 (including NiO x, V2O5, etc.), electron transport layer 5 (containing C 60 , BCP, SnO x The top transparent conductive oxide layer 6 (including ITO, FTO, IZO, IWO, etc.) is mainly prepared by dry deposition, and the dry deposition methods include vacuum coating methods such as thermal evaporation and magnetron sputtering; the DMPU layer 3 and the perovskite layer 4 are mainly prepared by wet deposition, and the wet deposition methods include precursor liquid film formation methods such as spin coating, doctor blade coating, slit coating, and screen printing.

[0050] In the present invention, the bottom transparent conductive oxide layer (i.e., bottom electrode layer, TCO glass) serves as the carrier of the battery, providing physical support. Like the top transparent conductive oxide layer, it also performs the electrical function of collecting electrons or holes from the transport layer and conducting them into the circuit. In the present invention, the TCO comprises one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), and tungsten-doped tin oxide (IWO). Preferably, the TCO comprises ITO. More preferably, the TCO consists of ITO.

[0051] In the present invention, the hole transport layer (HTL) is used to receive holes generated by the perovskite layer, quickly collect and guide the transport of holes; at the same time, it provides a good substrate for the growth of subsequent layers, and can also adjust the electric field distribution inside the battery, reasonably guide the movement direction of charges, and improve the operating efficiency of the battery. In the present invention, the HTL contains one or two of NiOx, V2O5 and poly [bis (4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA). Preferably, in the present invention, the HTL contains NiOx. More preferably, in the present invention, the HTL is composed of NiOx. Preferably, the HTL in the present invention is prepared by physical vapor deposition.

[0052] In the present invention, self-assembled monomolecules (SAMs) are also coated on the surface of the hole transport layer. Self-assembled monomolecules can form interface dipoles between the perovskite layer and the electrode layer. These dipoles can effectively regulate the energy level arrangement at the interface. In the present invention, SAMs contain one or both of (2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (Me-2PACz) and [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz). Preferably, in the present invention, SAMs contain Me-2PACz. More preferably, in the present invention, SAMs are composed of Me-2PACz. In the present invention, the coating method of the self-assembled monomolecules is selected from one or more of slit coating, blade coating, screen printing, spray coating and spin coating. In the present invention, the annealing of the perovskite layer is carried out using a hot plate, an oven or a crystallization furnace.

[0053] In the present invention, the DMPU solution is preferably prepared by accurately weighing 100 mg of DMPU (1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone, also known as N,N-dimethylpropyleneurea) into a sealed centrifuge bottle, adding 100 mL of a mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and chlorobenzene (CB) (IPA:CB = 1:1, v / v) to a solution of 1 mg / mL, and shaking the mixture until ready for use. DMPU solutions of varying concentrations can be prepared by weighing varying amounts of DMPU and adding the aforementioned solvents.

[0054] In the present invention, the preparation method of the DMPU layer is preferably:

[0055] Substrate area <25cm 2 When the substrate is placed on a spin coater in a vacuum environment, the substrate is rotated; at a specific speed, the DMPU solution is dropped onto the dynamically rotating substrate (i.e., substrate) to form a self-assembled molecular film ( Figure 1 ), annealing at 100° C. for 10 min; the annealing is performed using a hot plate, an oven, a crystallization furnace, or the like.

[0056] Substrate area>25cm 2 When the substrate is placed on the slit coating or doctor blade coating machine platform, a certain amount of DMPU solution is added to the knife head or coating head. Under the coordination of specific coating speed and liquid feeding amount, the solution is coated on the substrate (i.e. substrate) to form a layer of self-assembled molecular film ( Figure 2 ), annealing at 100° C. for 10 min; the annealing is performed using a hot plate, an oven, a crystallization furnace, or the like.

[0057] In the present invention, the perovskite (PVSK) layer is the core part of the device, responsible for absorbing sunlight and generating electron-hole pairs; preferably, the present invention prepares the perovskite layer based on a green solvent system, which not only obtains high-quality PVSK films but also meets the requirements of a non-toxic and environmentally friendly process. In the present invention, the coating method of the perovskite layer is selected from one or more of slit coating, blade coating, screen printing, spray coating and spin coating. In the present invention, the coating method of the perovskite layer is selected from annealing treatment methods such as hot plates, ovens, and crystallization furnaces to complete the phase transition and crystallization process of the perovskite and obtain a fully covered perovskite film. Preferably, the coating method of the perovskite layer in the present invention is blade coating.

[0058] In the present invention, the function of the electron transport layer (ETL) is to extract the photogenerated electrons in the PSVK layer so that the electrons are smoothly transported from the ETL layer to the electrode. In the present invention, the ETL comprises fullerene (C 60 ), SnO xand bathocuproine (BCP). Preferably, in the present invention, the ETL is composed of fullerene and bathocuproine. More preferably, the film thickness ratio of fullerene to bathocuproine in the ETL is 1:10 to 5:3.

[0059] In the present invention, the presence of the top transparent conductive oxide layer (i.e., the top electrode layer) enables the battery to be well connected to the external circuit, that is, through appropriate contact and connection methods, the current generated by the battery can be conducted from the copper electrode to the external load, providing electrical energy to the external device. In the present invention, CE comprises one or more of gold (Au), silver (Cu), copper (Cu), FTO, ITO, and IWO. Preferably, in the present invention, CE comprises Cu and ITO. More preferably, in the present invention, CE consists of Cu and ITO. More preferably, the thickness ratio of Cu and ITO in the CE is 1:3 to 1:5.

[0060] Example 1: Effect of DMPU layer on perovskite film formation in PSM

[0061] This example studies the effect of high transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 )The effect of adding DMPU layer in the preparation of PSM on the perovskite film formation effect.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, the following steps are followed to prepare a perovskite solar cell module (PSM):

[0063] S1: Prepare substrate;

[0064] S2: depositing a bottom conductive oxide layer on the substrate surface;

[0065] S3: coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the bottom conductive oxide layer, and coating the self-assembled molecules on the surface of the hole transport layer;

[0066] S4: adding a DMPU layer to the surface of the hole transport layer;

[0067] S5: adding a perovskite layer to the surface of the DMPU layer;

[0068] S6: coating the ETL on the surface of the perovskite layer;

[0069] S7: Plating a top conductive oxide layer on the ETL surface;

[0070] S8: Packaging processing.

[0071] The preparation process of the perovskite layer in step S5 is specifically as follows:

[0072] S5-1: Weigh FAI (formamidine hydroiodide), PbI2 (lead iodide) and MACl (methylammonium chloride) in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.4 as perovskite precursor materials.

[0073] S5-2: Prepare a green solvent system, add the perovskite precursor material to the green solvent system, and stir at room temperature overnight to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. The green solvent system is a GVL / NMP system or a GBL / GVL system. The volume ratio of GVL / NMP in the GVL / NMP system is 8:1; the volume ratio of GBL / GVL in the GBL / GVL system is 6:4.

[0074] S5-3: The perovskite precursor solution obtained in S5-2 is coated onto the substrate covered with the DMPU layer using a slit coating knife by blade coating. The wet film with the ideal film thickness can be adjusted by controlling the liquid feeding amount and film forming parameters. After coating, the perovskite is subjected to annealing treatment such as a hot plate to complete the phase change and crystallization process, thereby obtaining a fully covered perovskite film.

[0075] After steps S1 to S8, the structure is obtained as follows Figure 1 The PSM shown in FIG2 was prepared. A control group (Ref) was also set up. The PSM preparation process of the control group did not include the addition of the DMPU layer in step S4. The appearance of the prepared PSM was observed. A blank group was also set up. During the preparation process of the blank group, an IPA / CB mixed solvent (IPA:CB = 1:1, v / v) was used instead of the DMPU solution in step S4.

[0076] Depend on Figure 6 As shown in Figure A, a large number of holes appeared on the control group PSM without DMPU layer, which will significantly reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSM; a large number of holes also appeared on the PSM of the blank group (not shown in the figure); the transmittance of PSM with DMPU layer is about 50%, which is due to the Figure 6 As shown in Figure B, the perovskite film formation was significantly improved compared to the control group and the blank group. No obvious holes were observed, and the perovskite film achieved full film coverage with a film unevenness of <5%. The microstructure of the DMPU-modified PSM was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Figure 6 It can be seen from the C that the grains inside the film are dense and uniform without any holes, and the crystallization is uniform and good.

[0077] Example 2: Effect of DMPU on PSM Performance

[0078] This example studies the effects of DMPU alone and as a precursor solvent on the performance of PSM.

[0079] For the DMPU layered group, a PSM was prepared according to the method of Example 1, that is, in step S4, DMPU was coated and annealed to form a DMPU layer. The concentration of DMPU in the DMPU solution was 0.5 mg / mL. The structure of the DMPU layered group PSM is as follows: Figure 3 As shown; For the DMPU solvent group, the PSM was prepared according to the method of Example 1, but step S4 was not performed. Instead, DMPU was added as one of the solvents of the precursor solution of the perovskite layer in step S5. The concentration of DMPU in the precursor solution of the perovskite layer was 0.5 mg / mL; the structure of the PSM of the DMPU solvent group is shown as follows Figure 4 As shown; a standard control group (Ref) was also established. The PSM preparation process of the standard control group did not include the DMPU coating and annealing steps in step S4. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSMs in the DMPU layered group, DMPU solvent group, and standard control group were measured. JV curves were also measured for the DMPU layered group, DMPU solvent group, and standard control group.

[0080] Depend on Figure 7 As shown in Table 1, the open circuit voltage of the DMPU layered group (layered) ( Figure 7 , A), short-circuit current ( Figure 7 , B), filling factor ( Figure 7 , C) and component conversion efficiency ( Figure 7 , D) are significantly higher than those of the DMPU solvent group (Solvent) and the standard control group (Ref); although the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and module conversion efficiency of the DMPU solvent group are significantly higher than those of the standard control group, the fill factor is lower than that of the standard control group, and there is a large gap between the module conversion efficiency of the DMPU solvent group and that of the DMPU layered group.

[0081] Table 1: Performance test results of PSM treated with DMPU

[0082] Group Voc[V] <![CDATA[Jsc[mA / cm 2 ]]]> FF[%] PCE [%] Standard control group (Ref) 5.93 0.99 61.44 3.29 DMPU coating group (layered) 7.94 1.78 71.82 9.91 DMPU solvent group (solvent) 7.17 1.65 48.15 5.38

[0083] Figure 8 It is the JV curve of the standard sunlight test. Figure 8 It can be seen that under the same voltage conditions, the order of current density from large to small is DMPU stratified group > DMPU solvent group > standard control group.

[0084] It can be seen that coating the DMPU solution as a separate step to form the DMPU layer can significantly improve the performance of the PSM, and the effect is better than using DMPU as one of the solvents of the precursor solution of the perovskite layer.

[0085] Example 3: Effect of different DMPU concentrations on PSM performance

[0086] Following the method of Example 1, DMPU solutions of varying concentrations (0.5 mg / mL, 1.5 mg / mL, 2.5 mg / mL, and 3.5 mg / mL) were used in step S4 to form a DMPU layer. A standard control group (Ref) was also prepared, in which the PSM preparation process without the DMPU coating step in step S4 was omitted. The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of each PSM and the standard control group were measured. JV curves were also plotted for each PSM and the standard control group.

[0087] Depend on Figure 9 As shown in the box plot and Table 2, compared with the standard control group, the open circuit voltage ( Figure 9 , A), short-circuit current ( Figure 9 , B), filling factor ( Figure 9 , C), component conversion efficiency ( Figure 9 Among them, the overall effect of coating with 0.5mg / mL DMPU solution is relatively the best, with the open circuit voltage of PSM reaching 7.95V and the short circuit current reaching 1.78mA·cm -2 , the filling factor reaches 75.04%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach about 10%.

[0088] Table 2: Performance test results of PSM with different DMPU concentrations

[0089] DMPU concentration (mg / mL) Voc[V] <![CDATA[Jsc[mA / cm 2 ]]]> FF[%] PCE [%] 0(Ref) 7.23 0.82 53.45 3.17 0.5 7.95 1.78 75.04 10.30 1.5 7.89 1.76 72.00 9.89 2.5 7.89 1.77 68.48 9.53 3.5 7.88 1.80 67.82 9.59

[0090] Depend on Figure 10 The JV curve shows that the current density of the PSM modified with DMPU is significantly higher than that of the control group without DMPU modification. The best effect is achieved when 0.5 mg / mL DMPU is used.

[0091] It can be seen that when the DMPU concentration in the DMPU solution is in the range of 0.5 to 3.5 mg / mL, coating with a 0.5 mg / mL DMPU solution as a separate step has the greatest effect on improving the PSM performance.

[0092] In summary, in the preparation of perovskite solar cell modules, the present invention uses 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU) to physically vapor-deposited nickel oxide (NiO x ) / self-assembled molecules (SAMs) film substrate surface is modified to enhance the interface between the perovskite precursor solution and NiO x / SAMs substrates, improves the coverage and crystallinity of perovskite on the substrate surface, successfully achieves uniform and dense film formation of perovskite films, and significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0093] The perovskite solar cell module (PSM) and its preparation method provided by the present invention have at least one of the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

[0094] 1. The present invention has high light transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 ) in the preparation of PSM, a DMPU layer was added before preparing the perovskite film layer to increase the bonding effect between the perovskite and the substrate, and a uniform and dense semi-transparent perovskite film was successfully produced.

[0095] 2. The present invention has high light transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 ), by adding a DMPU layer before preparing the perovskite thin film layer, the energy level matching and hole transfer rate between SAMs and perovskite are enhanced, the voltage loss and recombination loss are reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is improved, thus obtaining a PSM with both high transparency and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0096] 3. The present invention provides high light transmittance (>40%), large area (>25cm 2 ) PSM semi-transparent solar cells are effectively adapted to photovoltaic applications requiring high transmittance. Compared to traditional low-transmittance or small-area PSMs, they have significant application value. For example, they can be made into color-changing glass as a new type of photovoltaic window for houses and agricultural greenhouses. Furthermore, combining them with flexible perovskite cells can further expand application scenarios, such as photovoltaic parasols, photovoltaic skylights on car roofs, and photovoltaic curtains.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell module has a longitudinal layer-by-layer stacking structure, and is composed of a bottom transparent conductive oxide layer (1), a hole transport layer (2), a DMPU layer (3), a perovskite layer (4), an electron transport layer (5) and a top transparent conductive oxide layer (6) from bottom to top; the surface of the hole transport layer (2) is coated with self-assembled molecules.

2. The perovskite solar cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein The DMPU layer (3) is prepared by spin coating, slit coating or scraping a DMPU solution onto the hole transport layer (2) and then annealing. The DMPU solution comprises DMPU and a solvent. The concentration of DMPU in the DMPU solution is 0.1 to 5 mg / mL.

3. The perovskite solar cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The area of ​​the perovskite solar cell assembly is greater than 20 cm 2 .

4. The perovskite solar cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The light transmittance of the perovskite solar cell assembly is greater than 20%.

5. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method includes adding a DMPU layer.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The method comprises: before preparing the perovskite layer of the perovskite solar cell component, adding a DMPU layer on the surface of the hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell component.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The method comprises the following steps: S1: Prepare substrate; S2: depositing a bottom conductive oxide layer on the substrate surface; S3: coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the bottom conductive oxide layer, and coating the self-assembled molecules on the surface of the hole transport layer; S4: adding a DMPU layer to the surface of the hole transport layer; S5: adding a perovskite layer to the surface of the DMPU layer; S6: coating the ETL on the surface of the perovskite layer; S7: Plating a top conductive oxide layer on the ETL surface; S8: Packaging processing.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein The method of adding the DMPU layer is as follows: the substrate area is less than 25 cm 2 , spin-coat the DMPU solution on the surface of the hole transport layer and then anneal to form a DMPU layer; or, the substrate area is >25cm 2 The DMPU solution is applied to the surface of the hole transport layer by slit coating or blade coating, and then annealed to form a DMPU layer.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The DMPU solution contains DMPU and a solvent, and the concentration of DMPU in the DMPU solution is 0.1-5 mg / mL.

10. Use of the perovskite solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in photovoltaic power generation.

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