Abnormal self-rescue system for limited space operation

Abstract

The invention relates to an abnormity self-rescue system applied to limited space operation in the related technical field of limited space, through cooperative arrangement of a primary air supply unit and a secondary air supply unit, when air in the limited space is abnormal and triggers an alarm unit, on one hand, a worker can quickly wear a cover body for temporary air supply; on the other hand, the worker can emergently evacuate outwards along the route guide board, temporary air supply can be carried out for many times through the mother air supply unit on the way during evacuation, a certain amount of oxygen can be temporarily stored through the two-way air supply ball under the condition that breathing of the worker is not affected, then the worker is supported to evacuate outwards under the emergency situation, and then self-rescue is achieved; and compared with the operation of carrying an oxygen bottle in the prior art, the load of the working personnel during working in a limited space is effectively reduced, the influence on the work of the working personnel is not easily caused, and meanwhile, the potential safety hazard can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a self-rescue system, and in particular to an abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations applied in the technical field related to confined spaces. Background Art

[0002] At present, most operations in confined spaces rely on traditional methods such as personnel supervision records and occasional calls to understand the working conditions and health status of personnel in the confined space. Due to the influence of factors such as the quality and experience of the guardians, this method has great randomness and uncertainty, and cannot grasp the basic conditions of the operators in real time. Once poisoning, suffocation, etc. occur, rescue cannot be organized in the first time, the best rescue opportunity is missed, and greater casualties are caused.

[0003] Because confined spaces are prone to unexpected situations such as low oxygen concentration and the production of toxic gases, although confined spaces are generally equipped with independent ventilation systems, these systems are generally exposed and can reduce the concentration of toxic gases in the confined space in the event of an accident, but it is difficult to quickly remove the toxic gases. Therefore, when working, workers generally need to carry oxygen cylinders, breathing masks, etc. to perform operations. For example, Chinese patent specification with publication number CN108671439A discloses an emergency protection device for confined space operations. When the air is abnormal (oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, etc.), it can be used for timely self-rescue. However, due to the special environmental characteristics of confined spaces, heavy loads can easily affect the flexibility of workers' operations. In addition, the amount of gas in the oxygen cylinder is limited. When an accident occurs, if evacuation or rescue is not timely, the gas is insufficient to complete self-rescue, posing a significant safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that when working in a confined space, it is often necessary to carry an oxygen cylinder on the back, which affects the flexibility of the workers' operations. In addition, the amount of gas in the oxygen cylinder is limited. If there is no timely evacuation or timely rescue, there will be a major safety hazard.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations, comprising a monitoring center located in a remote monitoring room, the monitoring center being signal-connected to a personnel entry and exit recording unit, a video monitoring unit, an environmental monitoring unit, a route guide sign, an alarm unit, and a wearable device, the wearable device comprising a smart bracelet and a sub-gas supply unit, the personnel entry and exit recording unit comprising an identifier installed at the entrance of the confined space, the identifier being signal-connected to the smart bracelet, the video monitoring unit comprising a plurality of high-definition cameras respectively installed in the confined space, the alarm unit comprising a main alarm installed in the monitoring room and a plurality of sub-alarms respectively installed in the confined space, the environmental monitoring unit comprising a plurality of oxygen sensors, toxic gas sensors, combustible gas sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors respectively and dispersedly installed in the confined space; The self-rescue system also includes a mother air supply unit, which includes an air supply main pipe installed in a limited space, multiple diversion pipes arranged along the route signs, and multiple air supply pipes installed on the diversion pipes. The multiple diversion pipes are connected in parallel to each other, and valves are installed on the multiple air supply pipes. The sub-air supply unit includes a cover body with an exhaust valve, an external tube fixed and communicated with the cover body, and a double-pass air supply ball fixedly connected to the external tube. Multiple straps are connected to the cover body.

[0006] In the above-mentioned abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations, through the coordinated setting of the main air supply unit and the sub-air supply unit, when the air in the confined space is abnormal and triggers the alarm unit, on the one hand, the staff can quickly wear a mask for temporary air supply; on the other hand, they can evacuate outward urgently along the route signs, and when evacuating, they can temporarily replenish air multiple times through the main air supply unit along the way, thereby achieving self-rescue. Compared with the operation of carrying oxygen cylinders in the prior art, this effectively reduces the load on the staff when working in a confined space, is not easy to affect the work of the staff, and can effectively reduce safety hazards.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present application, the external tube includes an air guide tube, a tube interface fixedly connected to the end of the air guide tube, a large-diameter catheter fixedly connected to the cover body, and a limiting tube fixedly connected to the large-diameter catheter. The tube interface and the air supply tube match each other, and the double-pass air supply ball is fixedly connected to the air guide tube and the end of the limiting tube that are close to each other. An LED light is fixedly connected to the outer end of the limiting tube.

[0008] As a further improvement supplement to the present application, the limiting tube is a hard fixed structure, the air guide tube is a corrugated structure, and the length of the air guide tube is 5-10 times the length of the limiting tube.

[0009] As a further improvement and supplement to the present application, the double-pass air replenishing ball includes an outer protective ball shell, an inner air storage shell located inside the outer protective ball shell, and a dynamic air tube and a fixed air tube fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the inner air storage shell, respectively. The ends of the dynamic air tube and the fixed air tube extend into the limiting tube and the air guide tube, respectively. The outer protective ball shell is a hard shaped structure, and the inner air storage shell is an elastic sealing structure.

[0010] As a further improvement and supplement to the present application, the inner walls of the ends of the air guide tube and the limiting tube that are close to each other are fixedly connected to a fixed tube plate, a center hole is drilled in the middle of the fixed tube plate, and a plurality of ventilation holes distributed in a circular array around the axis of the center hole are also drilled on the fixed tube plate. The fixed air pipe is fixedly connected to the middle of the fixed tube plate on the same side and communicates with the center hole, and the dynamic air pipe moves through the center hole on the fixed tube plate on the same side.

[0011] As a further improvement supplement to the present application, an air guide knot is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting tube, and the air guide knot is electrically connected to the LED lamp, and the distance between the air guide knot and the fixed tube plate on the same side is less than the length of the dynamic air tube.

[0012] As a further improvement and supplement to the present application, the air-guiding knot includes a T-shaped electromagnetic plate and a piezoelectric module fixedly mounted on the outside of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate. A single opening hole is opened in the middle of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate, and two air holes are opened on the outer end of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate close to the double-pass air supply ball. Both air holes are connected to the single opening hole. A one-way ball valve is fixedly connected to the inside of the moving air pipe and the pipe interface. When the moving air pipe collides with the air-guiding knot, the straight section of the air-guiding knot collides with the one-way ball valve.

[0013] As another improvement of the present application, the mother air supply unit also includes a plurality of double-ended plug plates that are respectively clamped on the air supply pipe mouths, and the sub-air supply unit also includes a gas cylinder that matches the pipe interface. An air supply channel is provided in the double-ended plug plate, and the air supply channel includes two air supply ports respectively opened on the end faces of the double-ended plug plate, two air nozzles respectively fixedly connected to the air supply ports, an air equalization groove opened inside the double-ended plug plate, and two air guide grooves. The air nozzle, air guide groove and air equalization groove are connected in sequence, and the pipe interface is clamped and matched with the air nozzle.

[0014] As another improved supplement to the present application, a guide ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air supply port, and the guide ring is sleeved on the outer ring of the air nozzle. The guide ring has a double-layer structure, and the outer layer of the guide ring is a fluorescent layer, and the inner layer is a pressure sensor. The air nozzle is made of electromagnetic material, and the pipe interface is made of ferromagnetic material.

[0015] In summary, through the coordinated setting of the main air supply unit and the sub-air supply unit, when the air in the confined space is abnormal and triggers the alarm unit, on the one hand, the staff can quickly wear the mask for temporary air supply; on the other hand, they can evacuate urgently along the route signs, and when evacuating, they can temporarily replenish air through the main air supply unit multiple times along the way. The double-pass air replenishment ball can temporarily store a certain amount of oxygen without affecting the breathing of the staff, thereby supporting the staff to evacuate in an emergency and achieve self-rescue. Compared with the operation of carrying oxygen cylinders in the prior art, it effectively reduces the load on the staff when working in a confined space, is not easy to affect the work of the staff, and can effectively reduce safety hazards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is the main system block diagram of the first embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a main schematic diagram of a mother gas supply unit according to a first embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a main schematic diagram of the sub-air supply unit of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the external tube portion of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a front view of the ball limiting baffle according to the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the double-pass balloon portion of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the double-pass inflating balloon after being fully inflated according to the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the gas-conducting knot according to the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exhaust pipe according to a first embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 This is a main schematic diagram of a mother gas supply unit according to a second embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 This is a front view of a double-ended plugboard according to a second embodiment of the present application; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the double-ended plugboard of the second embodiment of this application Description of the numbers in the figure: 1 hood, 101 strap, 21 air guide tube, 22 limit tube, 23 tube interface, 3 double-way air supply ball, 301 fixed air tube, 302 dynamic air tube, 303 center hole, 304 vent, 31 outer protective ball shell, 32 inner air storage shell, 4 air guide knot, 41 T-shaped electromagnetic plate, 42 piezoelectric module, 401 air hole, 5 LED light, 6 one-way ball valve, 71 air supply main, 72 diverter tube, 73 air supply pipe, 8 double-head plug-in plate, 801 air supply port, 802 air nozzle, 803 air guide groove, 804 air equalization groove, 9 guide ring, 10 gas cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Two implementation modes of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The first implementation method: Figure 1 The invention shows an abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations, including a monitoring center located in a remote monitoring room. The monitoring center is signal-connected to a personnel entry and exit recording unit, a video monitoring unit, an environmental monitoring unit, a route guide sign, an alarm unit and a wearable device. The wearable device includes a smart bracelet and a sub-air supply unit. The personnel entry and exit recording unit includes an identifier installed at the entrance of the confined space. The identifier is signal-connected to the smart bracelet. The relevant information of the staff can be entered into the smart bracelet. The entry and exit of the personnel can be recorded through the identifier. At the same time, a vital sign monitoring unit is also provided in the smart bracelet, which can monitor the physical condition of the staff in real time, facilitate timely rescue in case of abnormality, and reduce the incidence of personnel accidents. The video monitoring unit includes multiple high-definition cameras installed in the confined space, which can be used to shoot the working conditions of the staff. , including the operating specifications of the operation, the actual situation on the scene, etc., so as to timely detect abnormalities on the scene. The alarm unit includes a main alarm installed in the monitoring room and multiple sub-alarms installed in the limited space. When the video monitoring unit and the environmental monitoring unit detect an abnormality, they can simultaneously alarm the monitoring room and the operation site in the limited space, so that both parties can take relevant self-rescue and rescue measures in time, greatly reducing safety hazards. The environmental monitoring unit includes multiple oxygen sensors, toxic gas sensors, combustible gas sensors, temperature sensors and humidity sensors installed separately in the limited space, which can effectively monitor the oxygen content in the limited space, whether there are toxic gases, combustible gases, and changes in temperature and humidity, etc., so as to timely detect abnormalities, enable staff to respond in time, improve the possibility of self-rescue, and reduce safety hazards; like Figure 2-3The self-rescue system also includes a mother air supply unit, which includes an air supply main pipe 71 installed in a confined space, multiple branch pipes 72 respectively arranged along the route guide signs, and multiple air supply pipes 73 installed on the branch pipes 72. The multiple branch pipes 72 are connected in parallel to each other, and the multiple air supply pipes 73 are equipped with valves. The sub-air supply unit includes a cover body 1 with an exhaust valve, an external tube fixed and communicated with the cover body 1, and a double-pass air supply ball 3 fixedly connected to the external tube. Multiple straps 101 are connected to the cover body 1. Among them, multiple route guide signs can point to the safe exit of the confined space, so that when air abnormalities occur in the confined space and evacuation is required, when evacuating along the route guide signs, air can be replenished at the air supply pipe 73 along the way, so that the staff can retreat stably and are not likely to find it difficult to move due to lack of oxygen or inhalation of toxic gas, thereby greatly improving the success rate of self-rescue.

[0019] In the above-mentioned abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations, through the coordinated arrangement of the main air supply unit and the sub-air supply unit, when an abnormality occurs in the air in the confined space and the alarm unit is triggered, on the one hand, the staff can quickly wear the mask 1 for temporary air supply; on the other hand, they can evacuate outwards urgently along the route signs, and when evacuating, they can temporarily replenish air multiple times through the main air supply unit along the way, thereby achieving self-rescue. Compared with the operation of carrying oxygen cylinders in the prior art, this effectively reduces the load on the staff when working in a confined space, is not easy to affect the work of the staff, and can effectively reduce safety hazards.

[0020] like Figure 3-4 The external tube includes an air guide tube 21, a tube interface 23 fixedly connected to the end of the air guide tube 21, a large-diameter catheter fixedly connected to the cover body 1, and a limiting tube 22 fixedly connected to the large-diameter catheter. The tube interface 23 matches the air supply tube 73, and the double-pass air supply ball 3 is fixedly connected to the air guide tube 21 and the limiting tube 22 at one end close to each other. The outer end of the limiting tube 22 is fixedly connected to an LED light 5. The limiting tube 22 is a hard and fixed structure, which is convenient for the stable movement of the dynamic air tube 302 therein, and is not easy to cause the dynamic air tube 302 to be difficult to move due to deformation, thereby effectively ensuring that the inner air storage shell 32 can be stably inflated and can stably supply air to the user after inflation. The air guide tube 21 has a corrugated structure, and the length of the air guide tube 21 is 5-10 times the length of the limiting tube 22. The double-pass air filling ball 3 includes an outer protective ball shell 31, an inner air storage shell 32 located in the outer protective ball shell 31, and a dynamic air tube 302 and a fixed air tube 301 fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the inner air storage shell 32, respectively. The ends of the dynamic air tube 302 and the fixed air tube 301 extend into the limiting tube 22 and the air guide tube 21 respectively. The outer protective ball shell 31 is a hard shaped structure, and the inner air storage shell 32 is an elastic sealing structure. The outer protective ball shell 31 is used to protect the inner air storage shell 32 and at the same time limit the inner air storage shell 32 so that it is not easy to increase without limit, thereby protecting it from damage due to over-inflation.

[0021] The inner walls of the ends of the air guide tube 21 and the limiting tube 22 that are close to each other are fixedly connected to a fixed tube plate 33. A center hole 303 is drilled in the middle of the fixed tube plate 33. The fixed tube plate 33 is also drilled with a plurality of ventilation holes 304 distributed in a circular array around the axis of the center hole 303. The fixed air pipe 301 is fixedly connected to the middle of the fixed tube plate 33 on the same side and communicates with the center hole 303. The dynamic air pipe 302 movably passes through the center hole 303 on the fixed tube plate 33 on the same side, so that the dynamic air pipe 302 can move with the expansion and contraction of the inner air storage shell 32.

[0022] The inner wall of the limiting tube 22 is also fixedly connected to an air guide knot 4, and the air guide knot 4 is electrically connected to the LED lamp 5. The distance between the air guide knot 4 and the fixed tube plate 33 on the same side is less than the length of the dynamic air tube 302. The air guide knot 4 includes a T-shaped electromagnetic plate 41 and a piezoelectric module 42 fixedly sleeved on the outside of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate 41. A single opening hole is drilled in the middle of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate 41. Two air holes 401 are drilled on the outer end of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate 41 near the double-pass replenishing ball 3. The two air holes 401 are both connected to the single opening hole. The dynamic air tube 302 and the pipe interface 23 are both fixedly connected with a one-way ball valve 6. When the dynamic air tube 302 conflicts with the air guide knot 4, the straight section of the air guide knot 4 and The one-way ball valves 6 conflict with each other, so that the one-way ball valve 6 can be pushed open, so that the two ends of the dynamic air tube 302 are connected, which is convenient for the air to overflow along the air hole 401 and the single opening hole, thereby realizing the air supply to the user. At the same time, the friction force when the dynamic air tube 302 contacts the air guide node 4 will cause the piezoelectric module 42 to instantaneously generate current, thereby causing the LED lamp 5 to be instantly lit, thereby providing the staff with the information that the internal air storage shell 32 is full of gas and can continue to evacuate. At the same time, when the LED lamp 5 is lit, the T-shaped electromagnetic plate 41 can be controlled to energize, so that it adsorbs the dynamic air tube 302 and then fixes the dynamic air tube 302, so that the air inside can overflow, thereby facilitating the air supply to the user.

[0023] When the pipe interface 23 is not connected to the air supply pipe 73, the one-way ball valve 6 inside the pipe interface 23 allows the gas to be discharged only along the direction of the limit pipe 22 and the air guide pipe 21, and the external gas is not easy to directly enter the external tube. When it is connected to the air supply pipe 73, the air supply pipe 73 extends into the pipe interface 23 and interferes with the one-way ball valve 6 therein, preventing it from interfering with the inner wall of the pipe interface 23, thereby allowing air to enter the external tube and achieve air supply. Among them, when the dynamic air tube 302 is not connected to the air guide node 4, the one-way ball valve 6 inside it allows the gas to enter the dynamic air tube 302 only from the mouth of the dynamic air tube 302, and the two-way air replenishing ball 3 makes it difficult for the gas to overflow from the dynamic air tube 302. During the air replenishment process, when the inner air storage shell 32 is not full, the dynamic air tube 302 is not in contact with the air guide node 4, and it can continue to expand, making the air replenishment process relatively continuous, the air replenishment efficiency is high, and it is not easy to affect the evacuation of staff.

[0024] It is worth noting that the structure of the end of the air supply pipe 73 is consistent with that of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate 41 , and the structure inside the pipe interface 23 is consistent with that inside the end of the dynamic air pipe 302 .

[0025] In summary, through the coordinated setting of the main air supply unit and the sub-air supply unit, when the air in the confined space is abnormal and triggers the alarm unit, on the one hand, the staff can quickly wear the mask 1 for temporary air supply; on the other hand, they can evacuate urgently along the route signs, and when evacuating, they can temporarily replenish air multiple times through the main air supply unit along the way. The double-pass air replenishment ball 3 can temporarily store a certain amount of oxygen without affecting the breathing of the staff, thereby supporting the staff to evacuate in an emergency and achieve self-rescue. Compared with the operation of carrying oxygen cylinders in the prior art, it effectively reduces the load on the staff when working in a confined space, is not easy to affect the work of the staff, and can effectively reduce safety hazards.

[0026] Second implementation method: This embodiment is based on the first embodiment, with the addition of a double-ended plugboard 8 and a gas cylinder 10, and the rest of the parts remain the same as the first embodiment.

[0027] Figure 10 As shown, the mother gas supply unit also includes a plurality of double-ended plug plates 8 respectively connected to the mouth of the gas supply pipe 73, and the sub-gas supply unit also includes a gas cylinder 10 that matches the pipe interface 23, and the gas cylinder 10, as shown Figure 11-12 , an air supply channel is provided in the double-ended plugboard 8, and the air supply channel includes two air filling ports 801 respectively opened on the end surfaces of the double-ended plugboard 8, two air nozzles 802 respectively fixedly connected to the air filling ports 801, an air equalizing groove 804 opened inside the double-ended plugboard 8, and two air guide grooves 803. The air nozzles 802, the air guide grooves 803 and the air equalizing groove 804 are connected in sequence, and the pipe interface 23 is snap-fitted with the air nozzles 802. In this embodiment, after the double-ended plugboard 8 is connected to the air filling pipe 73, the air pipe on the gas cylinder 10 can be connected to the air filling port 801 to achieve inflation into the gas cylinder 10. At the same time, since there are two air filling ports 801 on the double-ended plugboard 8, one is used to inflate the gas cylinder 10 or the sub-air supply unit, and the other is used to provide fresh air to the confined space, which is convenient for maintaining the air circulation in the confined space.

[0028] At the same time, in order to ensure the ventilation effect, an independent air hole communicating with the confined space can be set on the air supply main 71 for transporting fresh air, and an exhaust port communicating with the outside world is also provided in the confined space. After the air enters the confined space, the excess air can be discharged along the exhaust port to achieve ventilation and ensure the monitoring of the environment in the confined space.

[0029] The inner wall of the gas filling port 801 is also fixedly connected to a guide ring 9, which is sleeved on the outer ring of the gas nozzle 802. The guide ring 9 is a double-layer structure, and the outer layer of the guide ring 9 is a fluorescent layer, and the inner layer is a pressure sensor. The gas nozzle 802 is made of electromagnetic material, and the pipe interface 23 is made of ferromagnetic material. In this embodiment, when there is insufficient oxygen in the confined space or there is toxic gas and gas needs to be replenished, the empty gas cylinder 10 at the shunt pipe 72 can be taken, and the pipe interface 23 at the end of the trachea can be connected to the gas nozzle 802 in the empty gas filling port 801 on the double-head plug board 8. At this time, the pressure of the inner layer will be triggered. The force sensor, when it is triggered, the monitoring center can control the corresponding gas nozzle 802 to be energized, and at the same time control the other gas nozzle 802 to be de-energized, so that the gas cylinder 10 that has been filled with air in advance can be separated from the gas supply pipe 73, and then the staff can take the gas cylinder 10 and directly connect it to the sub-gas supply unit to realize their own gas supply, so that the staff can evacuate smoothly and safely in such an unexpected situation, and it is not easy to have an accident due to lack of oxygen. When the gas needs to be replaced again, the gas cylinder 10 taken at the previous gas supply point can be directly replaced with the gas cylinder 10 filled with air, further reducing the replacement time.

[0030] Moreover, in this solution, when removing the gas cylinder 10 filled with air, another empty gas cylinder 10 must be installed on the double-ended plug plate 8, so that when the staff arrives at the gas supply pipe 73 to prepare for gas replenishment, they do not need to wait and can directly replace it. Compared with the first embodiment, it effectively saves the time for gas replenishment, thereby increasing the probability of safe evacuation of confined spaces, effectively reducing safety hazards, and increasing the possibility of self-rescue.

[0031] It is worth noting that a gas cylinder 10 is connected to the double-head plug plate 8 on each gas supply pipe 73, and each diversion pipe 72 also corresponds to 3-5 freely placed gas cylinders 10, and the end of the air guide tube on the gas cylinder 10 is connected to the gas supply connector, and the gas nozzle 802 and the tube interface 23 are both matched with the gas supply connector. In this embodiment, the double-way gas supply ball 3 may not be set, or its volume may be adaptably reduced. The double-way gas supply ball 3 only needs to supply gas to the staff from the work point to the gap of the adjacent gas supply pipe 73 during the replacement of the gas cylinder 10 and after the air abnormality alarm, effectively preventing the staff in the limited space from inhaling toxic gas during the replacement of the gas cylinder 10.

[0032] In view of current actual needs, the protection scope of the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to this. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations, characterized by: It includes a monitoring center located in a remote monitoring room, the monitoring center is signal-connected to a personnel entry and exit recording unit, a video monitoring unit, an environmental monitoring unit, a route guide sign, an alarm unit, and a wearable device, the wearable device includes a smart bracelet and a sub-gas supply unit, the personnel entry and exit recording unit includes an identifier installed at the entrance of the confined space, the identifier is signal-connected to the smart bracelet, the video monitoring unit includes a plurality of high-definition cameras respectively installed in the confined space, the alarm unit includes a main alarm installed in the monitoring room and a plurality of sub-alarms respectively installed in the confined space, and the environmental monitoring unit includes a plurality of oxygen sensors, toxic gas sensors, combustible gas sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors respectively installed in the confined space; The self-rescue system further comprises a main air supply unit, the main air supply unit comprising an air supply main pipe (71) installed in a limited space, a plurality of shunt pipes (72) respectively arranged along the route guide signs, and a plurality of air supply pipes (73) installed on the shunt pipes (72), the plurality of shunt pipes (72) being connected in parallel with each other, and the plurality of air supply pipes (73) being installed with valves, the sub-air supply unit comprising a cover body (1) with an exhaust valve, an external tube fixed to and communicating with the cover body (1), and a double-pass air supply ball (3) fixedly connected to the external tube, and a plurality of straps (101) being connected to the cover body (1).

2. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external tube comprises an airway tube (21), a tube interface (23) fixedly connected to the end of the airway tube (21), a large-diameter catheter fixedly connected to the cover body (1), and a limiting tube (22) fixedly connected to the large-diameter catheter, wherein the tube interface (23) matches the air supply tube (73), the double-pass air supply ball (3) is fixedly connected to the airway tube (21) and the limiting tube (22) at one end close to each other, and the outer end of the limiting tube (22) is fixedly connected to an LED lamp (5).

3. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 2, characterized in that: The position limiting tube (22) is a hard, fixed structure, the air guide tube (21) is a corrugated structure, and the length of the air guide tube (21) is 5-10 times the length of the position limiting tube (22).

4. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 2, characterized in that: The double-pass air supply ball (3) comprises an outer protective ball shell (31), an inner air storage shell (32) located within the outer protective ball shell (31), and a dynamic air tube (302) and a fixed air tube (301) fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the inner air storage shell (32), respectively. The ends of the dynamic air tube (302) and the fixed air tube (301) extend into the limiting tube (22) and the air guide tube (21), respectively. The outer protective ball shell (31) is a hard, shaped structure, and the inner air storage shell (32) is an elastic, sealed structure.

5. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner walls of the ends of the air guide tube (21) and the limiting tube (22) close to each other are both fixedly connected to a fixed tube plate (33), a central hole (303) is bored in the middle of the fixed tube plate (33), and a plurality of vent holes (304) are also bored on the fixed tube plate (33) and distributed in a circular array around the axis of the central hole (303). The fixed air tube (301) is fixedly connected to the middle of the fixed tube plate (33) on the same side and communicates with the central hole (303), and the dynamic air tube (302) movably penetrates the central hole (303) on the fixed tube plate (33) on the same side.

6. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the limiting tube (22) is also fixedly connected to an air guide knot (4), and the air guide knot (4) is electrically connected to the LED lamp (5). The distance between the air guide knot (4) and the fixed tube plate (33) on the same side is less than the length of the dynamic air tube (302).

7. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air guide knot (4) includes a T-shaped electromagnetic plate (41) and a piezoelectric module (42) fixedly mounted on the outside of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate (41). A single opening hole is drilled in the middle of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate (41). Two air holes (401) are drilled on the outer end of the T-shaped electromagnetic plate (41) close to the double-pass replenishing ball (3). Both of the air holes (401) are connected to the single opening hole. A one-way ball valve (6) is fixedly connected to the inside of the dynamic air tube (302) and the pipe interface (23). When the dynamic air tube (302) collides with the air guide knot (4), the straight section of the air guide knot (4) and the one-way ball valve (6) collide with each other.

8. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mother gas supply unit further comprises a plurality of double-ended plug plates (8) respectively connected to the mouth of the gas supply pipe (73), and the sub-gas supply unit further comprises a gas cylinder (10) matched with the pipe interface (23). A gas supply channel is provided in the double-ended plug plate (8), and the gas supply channel comprises two gas supply ports (801) respectively opened on the end faces of the double-ended plug plate (8), two gas nozzles (802) respectively fixedly connected to the gas supply ports (801), a gas equalizing groove (804) opened inside the double-ended plug plate (8), and two gas guide grooves (803). The gas nozzles (802), the gas guide grooves (803) and the gas equalizing grooves (804) are connected in sequence, and the pipe interface (23) is connected and matched with the gas nozzles (802).

9. The abnormal self-rescue system for confined space operations according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner wall of the air supply port (801) is also fixedly connected to a guide ring (9), which is sleeved on the outer ring of the air nozzle (802). The guide ring (9) is a double-layer structure, and the outer layer of the guide ring (9) is a fluorescent layer, and the inner layer is a pressure sensor. The air nozzle (802) is made of electromagnetic material, and the pipe interface (23) is made of ferromagnetic material.

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