A spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm hobbing machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of worm processing, especially to a main shaft mechanism for envelope torus worm rotary milling machine, including a column, the first sliding seat is slidably connected on the column, the supporting seat is rotatably connected on the first sliding seat, the second sliding seat is slidably connected on the supporting seat, the front end of the second sliding seat is fixed with the clamping-rotating mechanism, the middle position is provided with the supporting block, the arc-shaped groove is arranged on the supporting block, the supporting block on the right side of the workpiece is well positioned and supported during the cutting process of the cutting blade against the left side of the workpiece, the workpiece is well prevented from jumping and deformation under the conditions of large cutting amount, deep cutting depth and large cutting force, the stability of the workpiece is ensured, and the precision of worm processing is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of worm gear machining, and more particularly to a spindle mechanism for an envelope toroidal worm gear milling machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of worm gears, the cylindrical workpiece first needs to be rough-cut, which involves using a rotary milling machine to cut the surface of the cylindrical workpiece until a helical groove is cut. The spindle mechanism of the rotary milling machine is mainly used for workpiece installation and fixation, and can also adjust the workpiece position. Patent application number CN201910489208.7 discloses a CNC nine-axis double-envelope worm gear multi-functional rotary milling machine. In this patent, the workpiece is installed and fixed by clamping one end of the workpiece with a chuck and then pressing the other end with a center. Although this method can fix the workpiece, the cutting volume during worm gear machining is large, the metal removal rate is greater than 50%, and the cutting depth and force are also very large. Therefore, under this high-intensity cutting condition, the worm gear may experience some slight runout or even deformation, which will greatly affect the machining accuracy of the worm gear. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a spindle mechanism that can improve the machining accuracy of worm gears. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine, which solves the problems existing in the prior art and greatly improves the accuracy of worm gear machining.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine, comprising a column, a first slide block slidably connected to the column, a support seat rotatably connected to the first slide block, a second slide block slidably connected to the support seat, a clamping mechanism fixed at the front end of the second slide block, a clamping-rotating mechanism fixed at its rear end, a support block provided at its middle position, and an arc-shaped groove provided on the support block.

[0007] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a bracket fixed on the second slide, a first hydraulic cylinder fixed on the bracket, and a tip fixed to the end of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the clamping-rotating mechanism includes a clamping seat fixed on the second slide, a B-axis motor is provided in the clamping seat, the B-axis motor is a direct drive motor, a main shaft is fixed through its center, a clamping structure is provided in the main shaft, the clamping structure includes a chuck, the left end of the pull rod is fixed to the chuck, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the right end of the pull rod.

[0009] Preferably, the support block has several arc-shaped passages from front to back, and adjacent arc-shaped passages are connected. One of the arc-shaped passages is connected to a main liquid inlet passage, which is located inside the support block and is connected to a liquid inlet pipe. Several liquid outlet passages are connected from top to bottom on the side of the arc-shaped passage facing the arc-shaped groove. The liquid outlet passages are located inside the support block and are connected to the arc-shaped groove.

[0010] Preferably, a first receiving groove is provided at the middle position of the right side of the column. A Z-axis motor is fixed on the outer top surface of the first receiving groove. A first lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Z-axis motor. The lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner bottom surface of the first receiving groove. A first nut seat matching the first lead screw is provided on the first lead screw. A first slide is fixed on the first nut seat. A slider is fixed at both the front and rear parts of the left side of the first slide. A slide rail matching the slider is fixed on the column.

[0011] Preferably, an A-axis motor is fixed to the upper left side of the first slide, a first bevel gear is fixed to the bottom of the rotating shaft of the A-axis motor, a second bevel gear is perpendicularly meshed with the first bevel gear, a connecting shaft is fixed through the second bevel gear, the connecting shaft passes through the first slide, and a turntable is fixed to the right end of the connecting shaft, with a support seat fixed on the turntable.

[0012] Preferably, a second receiving groove is provided on the right side of the support base, a Y-axis motor is fixed on the rear outer wall of the second receiving groove, a second lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Y-axis motor, the front end of the second lead screw is rotatably connected to the front inner wall of the second receiving groove, a second nut seat matching it is provided on the second lead screw, and a second slide is fixed on the second nut seat.

[0013] Preferably, the arc-shaped groove is set as a semi-circle, the three liquid outlet channels at the top of each arc-shaped channel are set to slope downward to the right, the three liquid outlet channels at the bottom are set to slope upward to the right, and the remaining liquid outlet channels are set to be horizontal to the right.

[0014] Preferably, the top of one of the arc-shaped passages is connected to a transverse passage that communicates with the outside world. A connecting pipe is fixed inside the transverse passage. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipe. A metal hose is fixed to the right end of the connecting pipe. An oil outlet is provided at the lower end of the metal hose.

[0015] Preferably, the support block is connected to the second slide block through a U-shaped block with an opening to the right. A rectangular cavity is formed between the U-shaped block and the left side of the support block. Several springs are fixed on the top and bottom walls of the rectangular cavity from front to back. An impact ball is fixed on the free end of the spring. A rotating plate is provided on the side of the impact ball away from the support block. A rotating rod is fixed on the rotating plate. The front and rear ends of the rotating rod are rotatably connected to the front and rear walls of the rectangular cavity, respectively. A cylindrical block is fixed on the side of the rotating plate away from the impact ball.

[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0017] 1. This invention, through the arrangement of support blocks and arc-shaped grooves, effectively limits and supports the workpiece on its right side during the cutting process when the cutting blade is pressed against the left side of the workpiece. This prevents workpiece jump and deformation, ensuring workpiece stability even with large cutting volumes, deep cutting depths, and high cutting forces, ultimately significantly improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear. Furthermore, the support blocks and arc-shaped grooves shield the workpiece portion within the groove during machining, preventing metal debris generated during cutting from splashing onto it. This significantly reduces the amount of metal debris adhering to the workpiece when it rotates out of the groove for further cutting, thus improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear to some extent. Finally, before the workpiece rotates clockwise into the arc-shaped groove, the bottom edge of the groove scrapes and cleans the metal debris adhering to the workpiece surface, effectively removing metal debris and further improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0018] 2. This invention incorporates an arc-shaped passage, a main inlet passage, an inlet pipe, and an outlet passage within the support block. After the workpiece is installed and fixed for cutting, the pump is activated to extract cutting oil. At this point, the outlet passage is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove. In this state, the cutting oil in the outlet passage exerts a rightward pressure on the workpiece, further supporting it and offsetting some of the cutting force from the cutting blade, thus ensuring the workpiece's stability during cutting. Furthermore, although the outlet passage is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove... Although the surface is blocked, a small amount of cutting oil will still seep out. This portion of cutting oil will lubricate and cool the workpiece, while also greatly facilitating its rotation. As the cutting blade cuts the workpiece, the required spiral grooves will be cut into it. With the appearance of the spiral grooves, the corresponding fluid outlet channels are unobstructed, and the cutting oil will be sprayed out from these channels. This serves two purposes: lubricating and cooling the spiral grooves, and washing away any metal debris adhering to them. As the spiral grooves become deeper and wider, the amount of cutting oil output increases accordingly, while the workpiece does not require further processing. The portion being cut into a spiral groove will still block the corresponding fluid outlet passage. The blocked passage will not spray cutting oil, allowing the cutting oil to be sprayed only as needed, significantly saving oil. Furthermore, the distance between the fluid outlet passage and the spiral groove is very close, allowing the cutting oil to be sprayed directly onto the groove, resulting in excellent cooling and lubrication, and greatly improving the removal of metal debris. Additionally, because the workpiece rotates during machining, and because a spiral groove is being cut, the nozzle of the same fluid outlet passage alternates between being blocked and released during the machining process. This process not only saves cutting oil but also increases the impact force of the cutting oil on the spiral groove, while ensuring the uniformity of the temperature of the liquid outlet support block, thus guaranteeing the cooling effect. In addition, by setting up an arc-shaped passage, a main liquid inlet passage, and a liquid outlet passage within the support block, the cutting oil enters the support block before being sprayed out, cooling the support block. The arc-shaped groove on the support block partially encloses the workpiece, thus providing excellent pre-cooling for the workpiece. Finally, the cutting oil in this structure is sprayed directly onto the spiral groove enclosed by the arc-shaped groove, effectively preventing the spread of oil mist and greatly reducing oil mist pollution.

[0019] 3. In this invention, the arc-shaped groove is set to a semi-circular shape. This design, while facilitating the workpiece's insertion into the arc-shaped groove, maximizes the workpiece's enclosure, support, and cooling. The three liquid outlet channels at the upper part of the arc-shaped passage are set to slope downwards to the right. This not only flushes the spiral grooves corresponding to these three outlet channels but also guides the cutting oil into the spiral grooves outside the support block, providing excellent lubrication and cooling for the spiral groove portion outside the support block, facilitating cutting by the cutting tool. The remaining liquid outlet channels are set to a horizontal direction to the right. This design maximizes the rightward pressure of the cutting oil on the workpiece and effectively impacts the metal debris adhering to the spiral grooves. This causes the metal debris to flow downwards along the spiral grooves with the cutting oil, while the horizontal liquid outlet channel at the lower end of the arc-shaped passage directly dissipates the metal debris flowing there horizontally, preventing the accumulation of metal debris.

[0020] 4. This invention, through the design of a transverse passage, connecting pipe, one-way valve, metal hose, and oil outlet, allows cutting oil to be introduced into the inlet pipe at a certain flow rate before cutting. Since the spiral grooves haven't yet been cut into the workpiece, after the cutting oil fills the arc-shaped passage and outlet passage within the support block, almost all of the cutting oil enters the transverse passage. At this point, the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage is relatively high, generating significant pressure on the one-way valve, causing it to open. This allows the cutting oil to enter the metal hose through the one-way valve and finally spray out from the oil outlet to the cutting point. Once cutting oil is sprayed out of the outlet, the cutting blade begins to cut the workpiece. As the cutting blade cuts the spiral grooves into the workpiece, more and more cutting oil is sprayed out from the outlet passage. This process gradually reduces the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage, thereby gradually reducing the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve. When the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve drops to a certain level... Once a certain value is reached, the one-way valve closes, preventing cutting oil from spraying out of the outlet. This dynamic adjustment of the oil output from the outlet and the fluid flow path is precisely an on-demand adjustment process. Initially, the oil output from the outlet is large and rapid, providing excellent cooling and lubrication for the cutting area. As the spiral groove is cut, cutting oil is sprayed out from the fluid flow path corresponding to the spiral groove, cooling and lubricating it. The cutting oil also cools and lubricates the cutting area through the spiral groove. Therefore, the decreasing oil output from the outlet does not affect the cooling and lubrication of the cutting area. Moreover, with a constant fluid flow rate in the inlet pipe, the decrease in oil output from the outlet increases the oil output and force in the fluid flow path corresponding to the spiral groove, thereby enhancing the cooling and lubrication of the spiral groove, especially increasing the impact force on the metal debris adhering to the spiral groove, thus improving the cleaning effect of metal debris and ultimately improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0021] 5. The present invention, through the arrangement of structures such as U-shaped blocks, springs, impact balls, rotating plates and cylindrical blocks, impacts the support blocks during the cutting process, which helps to loosen or even shake off metal chips adhering to the support blocks and workpieces, greatly improving the cleaning effect of metal chips. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support block and the arc-shaped groove thereon of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism, the clamping-rotating mechanism, and the workpiece fixed between them in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support block, arc-shaped groove, inlet pipe, and outlet passage of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped passage, the main liquid inlet passage, the liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid outlet passage of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the A-axis motor, the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear, and the connecting shaft of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of one of the arc-shaped passages and the liquid outlet passage on it in this invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the support block, arc-shaped passage, liquid outlet passage, transverse passage, connecting pipe, one-way valve, metal hose and oil outlet of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the support block, U-shaped block, rectangular cavity, spring, impact ball, rotating plate, rotating rod, and cylindrical block of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1-Column, 2-First slide, 3-Support seat, 4-Second slide, 5-Clamping mechanism, 6-Clamping-rotation mechanism, 7-Support block, 8-Arc groove, 9-Bracket, 10-First cylinder, 11-Center, 12-Clamping seat, 13-B-axis motor, 14-Spindle, 15-Clamping structure, 16-Chuck, 17-Pull rod, 18-Second cylinder, 19-Arc passage, 20-Main liquid inlet passage, 21-Liquid inlet pipe, 22-Liquid outlet passage, 23 - First receiving groove, 24-Z-axis motor, 25-slider, 26-slide rail, 27-A-axis motor, 28-first bevel gear, 29-second bevel gear, 30-connecting shaft, 31-turntable, 32-Y-axis motor, 33-lateral passage, 34-connecting pipe, 35-one-way valve, 36-metal hose, 37-oil outlet, 38-U-shaped block, 39-rectangular cavity, 40-spring, 41-impact ball, 42-rotating plate, 43-rotating rod, 44-cylindrical block. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following will be based on embodiments of the present invention. Figures 1-11 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] This invention provides a technical solution: a spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine, comprising a column 1, a first slide block 2 slidably connected to the column 1, a support seat 3 rotatably connected to the first slide block 2, a second slide block 4 slidably connected to the support seat 3, a clamping mechanism 5 fixed to the front end of the second slide block 4, and a clamping-rotating mechanism 6 fixed to its rear end. A support block 7 is provided at its middle position, and an arc-shaped groove 8 is provided on the support block 7. When a workpiece needs to be installed, one end of the workpiece is first clamped by the clamping-rotating mechanism 6. At this time, the part of the workpiece to be cut is precisely inserted into the arc-shaped groove 8 on the support block 7. That is, the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 8 precisely wraps around the left side of the workpiece, and the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 8 contacts the outer wall of the wrapped part of the workpiece. Then, the other end of the workpiece is clamped by the clamping mechanism 5, thus completing the installation and fixing of the workpiece. During processing, the cutting blade is aligned with a preset fixed position on the right side of the workpiece (that is, the part of the workpiece not wrapped). The position is fixed, and the workpiece position is adjusted by the spindle mechanism to achieve cutting. The vertical position of the workpiece is adjusted by the up-and-down sliding of the first slide 2, the rotation of the workpiece is achieved by the clamping-rotation mechanism 6, the front-and-back position of the workpiece is adjusted by the forward-and-backward sliding of the second slide 4, and the angle of the workpiece is adjusted by the rotational connection between the first slide 2 and the support base 3. The entire column 1 can move left and right on the milling machine tool. The left and right movement of the column 1 is achieved by a lead screw structure, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. To accommodate the machining of worm gears of different sizes, the support block 7 and the second slide 4 can be detachably connected. A support block 7 matching the size of the worm gear to be machined is selected in advance and installed on the second slide 4. This invention, through the arrangement of support block 7 and arc-shaped groove 8, effectively limits and supports the workpiece on its right side during cutting when the cutting blade is pressed against the left side of the workpiece. This prevents workpiece runout and deformation, ensuring workpiece stability even with large cutting volumes, deep cuts, and high cutting forces, ultimately significantly improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear. Furthermore, the support block 7 and arc-shaped groove 8 shield the workpiece portion within the arc-shaped groove 8 during machining, preventing metal debris generated during cutting from splashing onto it. This significantly reduces the amount of metal debris adhering to the workpiece when it rotates out of the arc-shaped groove 8 for further cutting, thus improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear to some extent, as metal debris adhering to the workpiece affects the cutting accuracy of the worm gear. Finally, before the workpiece rotates clockwise into the arc-shaped groove 8 during machining, the bottom edge of the arc-shaped groove 8 scrapes and cleans the metal debris adhering to the workpiece surface, effectively removing metal debris and further improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0036] The clamping mechanism 5 includes a bracket 9 fixed on the second slide block 4, a first hydraulic cylinder 10 fixed on the bracket 9, and a center 11 fixed to the end of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 10. This is the specific structure of the clamping mechanism 5. When it is necessary to clamp the workpiece, the first hydraulic cylinder 10 is activated, its piston rod extends, and drives the center 11 to move towards the workpiece until it abuts against the end of the workpiece, thus playing a clamping and centering role. The end of the workpiece is provided with an embedded groove that matches the center 11.

[0037] The clamping-rotating mechanism 6 includes a clamping seat 12 fixed on the second slide 4. A B-axis motor 13 is housed within the clamping seat 12. The B-axis motor 13 is a direct-drive motor, with a main shaft 14 fixed through its center. A clamping structure 15 is located within the main shaft 14. The clamping structure 15 includes a chuck 16, with the left end of a pull rod 17 fixed to the chuck 16 and the piston rod of a second hydraulic cylinder 18 fixed to the right end of the pull rod 17. This is the specific structure of the clamping-rotating mechanism 6, which not only clamps the workpiece but also rotates it. When the workpiece needs to be clamped, the second hydraulic cylinder 18 is activated, its piston rod retracts, pulling the pull rod 17 towards the second hydraulic cylinder 18, which in turn pulls the chuck 16 towards the main shaft 14 until the chuck 16 can no longer move towards the main shaft 14. At this point, the chuck 16 has firmly clamped the workpiece. When the workpiece needs to be released, the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 18 simply reverses its direction. The spindle 14 contains a cavity for the movable pull rod 17 and chuck 16. The chuck 16 is a three-jaw type, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. After the chuck 16 clamps the workpiece, the entire clamping structure 15 is fixed to the spindle 14. Therefore, to rotate the workpiece, the B-axis motor 13 only needs to be started to drive the spindle 14 to rotate, which in turn drives the clamping structure 15 inside the spindle 14 to rotate, thereby causing the workpiece held by the clamping structure 15 to rotate. The second hydraulic cylinder 18 is rotatably connected to the fixture seat 12. The B-axis motor 13 is set as a direct drive motor, so the rotation of the workpiece is directly driven by the direct drive motor. This setting further improves the accuracy of worm gear machining.

[0038] The support block 7 has several arc-shaped passages 19 arranged from front to back, and adjacent arc-shaped passages 19 are connected. One of the arc-shaped passages 19 is connected to a liquid inlet passage 20. The liquid inlet passage 20 is located inside the support block 7 and is connected to a liquid inlet pipe 21. The side of the arc-shaped passage 19 facing the arc-shaped groove 8 is connected to several liquid outlet passages 22 from top to bottom. The liquid outlet passages 22 are located inside the support block 7 and are connected to the arc-shaped groove 8. Since worm gears often require cutting oil for lubrication and cooling during machining, existing technologies typically use two to three oil pipes above the worm to spray cutting oil directly onto the workpiece from the cutting insert. This direct spraying method has the following drawbacks: 1) A large flow of cutting oil sprayed from the oil pipes directly onto the machine tool after reaching the cutting insert, resulting in low oil utilization efficiency and significant waste, leading to high costs; 2) Poor cleaning of metal debris adhering to the spiral grooves, which affects cutting performance; 3) Significant oil mist pollution due to the large amount of oil sprayed. Therefore, the above-mentioned design addresses these issues, achieving good cooling while saving cutting oil consumption and reducing oil mist pollution, while simultaneously effectively cleaning metal debris adhering to the spiral grooves.The specific principle is as follows: The inlet pipe 21 is connected to a cutting oil storage tank. The cutting oil in the storage tank is pumped into the inlet pipe 21 by a pump, then enters the main inlet passage 20 in the support block 7, and then enters the arc-shaped passage 19 through the main inlet passage 20. Finally, it is sprayed out from the outlet passage 22. After the workpiece is installed and fixed in preparation for cutting, the pump is started to extract the cutting oil. At this time, since the outlet passage 22 is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 8, on the one hand, the cutting oil in the outlet passage 22 exerts a rightward pressure on the workpiece. This pressure provides further support to the workpiece and can offset part of the cutting force of the cutting blade on the workpiece, further ensuring the stability of the workpiece during the cutting process. On the other hand, although the outlet passage 22 is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 8, a small amount of cutting oil will still seep out, and this part of the cutting oil will lubricate the workpiece. The cutting tool not only lubricates and cools the workpiece but also greatly facilitates its rotation. As the cutting tool cuts the workpiece, the required spiral grooves are cut into it. With the appearance of the spiral grooves, the corresponding fluid outlet passage 22 is unobstructed, and the cutting oil is sprayed out from the fluid outlet passage 22. On the one hand, it lubricates and cools the spiral grooves, and on the other hand, it washes away the metal debris adhering to the spiral grooves. As the spiral grooves are cut deeper and wider, the amount of cutting oil output also increases. However, the parts of the workpiece that do not need to be cut into spiral grooves will block the corresponding parts of the fluid outlet passage 22. The blocked parts of the fluid outlet passage 22 will not spray out cutting oil. In this way, the cutting oil is sprayed out as needed, which greatly saves cutting oil. Moreover, the distance between the fluid outlet passage 22 and the spiral groove is very close, and the cutting oil is sprayed directly onto the spiral groove, which not only has a good cooling and lubrication effect but also greatly improves the cleaning effect of metal debris. Furthermore, since the workpiece rotates during machining, and the cutting involves spiral grooves, the nozzle of the same liquid outlet passage 22 alternates between being blocked and released during workpiece machining. This process not only saves cutting oil but also increases the impact force of the cutting oil on the spiral grooves, while ensuring the temperature uniformity of the liquid outlet support block 7, thus guaranteeing the cooling effect. If part of the liquid outlet passage 22 is continuously blocked, the cutting oil in that part of the passage will not have a chance to spray out, and the cutting oil in that part of the passage will slowly heat up, resulting in uneven heating and cooling of the entire support block 7, which in turn affects the cooling effect. In addition, by setting up an arc-shaped passage 19, a main liquid inlet passage 20, and a liquid outlet passage 22 within the support block 7, the cutting oil enters the support block 7 before being sprayed out, cooling the support block 7. The arc-shaped groove 8 on the support block 7 encloses part of the workpiece, thus providing excellent pre-cooling for the workpiece. Finally, with this structure, the cutting oil is sprayed onto the spiral grooves enclosed by the arc-shaped groove 8, effectively preventing oil mist diffusion and greatly reducing oil mist pollution.The number and density of the arc-shaped passages 19 and liquid outlet passages 22 within the support block 7 are specifically set according to the size of the spiral groove to be cut on the workpiece, ensuring that the arc-shaped groove 8 corresponding to the spiral groove has sufficient liquid outlet passages 22.

[0039] A first receiving groove 23 is provided at the middle position of the right side of the column 1. A Z-axis motor 24 is fixed on the outer top surface of the first receiving groove 23. A first lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Z-axis motor 24. The lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner bottom surface of the first receiving groove 23. A first nut seat matching the first lead screw is provided on the first lead screw. A first slide block 2 is fixed on the first nut seat. Slider blocks 25 are fixed on the front and rear parts of the left side of the first slide block 2. A slide rail 26 matching the slider 25 is fixed on the column 1. This is the specific way to realize the sliding connection between the column 1 and the first slide block 2. When the first slide block 2 needs to be raised, the Z-axis motor 24 is started, which drives the first lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the first nut seat to rise along the first lead screw, which in turn drives the first slide block 2 fixed on the first nut seat to rise. When the first slide block 2 needs to be lowered, the Z-axis motor 24 only needs to rotate in the opposite direction. The setting of slider 25 and slide rail 26 makes the raising and lowering of the first slide block 2 more stable.

[0040] An A-axis motor 27 is fixed to the upper left side of the first slide block 2. A first bevel gear 28 is fixed to the bottom end of the rotating shaft of the A-axis motor 27. The first bevel gear 28 is perpendicularly meshed with a second bevel gear 29. A connecting shaft 30 is fixed through the second bevel gear 29. The connecting shaft 30 passes through the first slide block 2, and a turntable 31 is fixed to the right end of the connecting shaft 30. A support seat 3 is fixed on the turntable 31. This is the specific way in which the first slide block 2 and the support seat 3 are rotatably connected. When it is necessary to rotate the support seat 3 by a certain angle, the A-axis motor 27 is started. Its rotating shaft rotates, driving the first bevel gear 28 to rotate, which in turn drives the second bevel gear 29 to rotate, which in turn drives the connecting shaft 30 to rotate, which in turn drives the turntable 31 to rotate, which in turn drives the support seat 3 to rotate. The connecting shaft 30 is rotatably connected to the first slide block 2.

[0041] A second receiving groove is provided on the right side of the support base 3. A Y-axis motor 32 is fixed on the rear outer wall of the second receiving groove. A second lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Y-axis motor 32. The front end of the second lead screw is rotatably connected to the front inner wall of the second receiving groove. A second nut seat that matches the second lead screw is provided on the second lead screw. A second slide block 4 is fixed on the second nut seat. This is the specific way in which the support base 3 and the second slide block 4 are slidably connected. When the second slide block 4 needs to slide forward, the Y-axis motor 32 starts, drives the second lead screw to rotate, and then drives the second nut seat to slide forward along the second lead screw, and then drives the second slide block 4 fixed on the second nut seat to slide forward. When the second slide block 4 needs to slide backward, the Y-axis motor 32 only needs to run in the opposite direction.

[0042] The arc-shaped groove 8 is semi-circular, and the three liquid outlet channels 22 at the top of each arc-shaped passage 19 are inclined to the lower right, while the remaining liquid outlet channels 22 are horizontally inclined to the right. The semi-circular design of the arc-shaped groove 8 allows for maximum workpiece containment, support, and cooling while facilitating easy insertion into the groove. The downward-inclined design of the three liquid outlet channels 22 at the top of the arc-shaped passage 19 not only flushes the corresponding spiral grooves but also guides the cutting oil into the spiral grooves outside the support block 7, providing excellent lubrication and cooling for the spiral groove portion outside the support block 7, thus facilitating cutting by the cutting tool. The remaining liquid outlet passages 22 are set to be horizontal to the right. This setting not only maximizes the pressure of the cutting oil on the workpiece to the right, but also has a good impact effect on the metal chips adhering in the spiral groove. This causes the metal chips to flow downward along the spiral groove with the cutting oil from top to bottom. The horizontal liquid outlet passage 22 at the lower end of the arc-shaped passage 19 can just flush the metal chips flowing there to a distance in the horizontal direction, avoiding the accumulation of metal chips.

[0043] One of the arc-shaped passages 19 has a transverse passage 33 connected to the outside at its top. A connecting pipe 34 is fixed inside the transverse passage 33, and a one-way valve 35 is installed on the connecting pipe 34. A metal hose 36 is fixed to the right end of the connecting pipe 34, and an oil outlet 37 is provided at the lower end of the metal hose 36. The number and density of the arc-shaped passages 19 are set according to actual needs. When the number of arc-shaped passages 19 is odd, the transverse passage 33 is set at the top of the middle arc-shaped passage 19. When the number of arc-shaped passages 19 is even, either of the two middle arc-shaped passages 19 can be used as the transverse passage. At the beginning of cutting, since the spiral groove has not yet been cut, the cooling and lubrication of the cutting area are insufficient. This setting solves the above problem. Before cutting, the oil outlet 37 of the metal hose 36 is aligned with the top of the cutting area. The setting of the metal hose 36 allows the oil outlet 37 to be adjusted to the required position for easy adjustment. Before cutting, cutting oil is first introduced into the inlet pipe 21 at a certain flow rate. Since the spiral groove has not yet been cut into the workpiece, after the cutting oil fills the arc-shaped passage 19 and the outlet passage 22 in the support block 7, almost all of the cutting oil will enter the transverse passage 33. At this time, the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage 33 is relatively high, which generates greater pressure on the one-way valve 35, causing the one-way valve 35 to open. This allows the cutting oil to enter the metal hose 36 through the one-way valve 35 and finally spray out from the oil outlet 37 to the cutting point. When cutting oil is sprayed out of the oil outlet 37, the cutting blade begins to cut the workpiece. As the cutting blade cuts the spiral groove on the workpiece, more and more cutting oil will be sprayed out from the outlet passage 22. This process will gradually reduce the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage 33, thereby gradually reducing the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve 35. When the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve 35 drops to a certain value, the one-way valve 35 closes. The cutting oil will not spray out from the oil outlet 37. This dynamic adjustment process of the oil output from the oil outlet 37 and the oil output from the liquid outlet passage 22 is exactly the process of adjustment on demand. At first, the oil output from the oil outlet 37 is large and rapid, which plays a good role in cooling and lubricating the cutting area. As the spiral groove is cut out, the cutting oil will be sprayed out from the liquid outlet passage 22 corresponding to the spiral groove to cool and lubricate the spiral groove. The cutting oil can also cool and lubricate the cutting area through the spiral groove. Therefore, the oil output from the oil outlet 37 does not affect the cooling and lubrication of the cutting area as the oil output continuously decreases. Moreover, with the liquid inlet flow rate of the liquid inlet pipe 21 remaining unchanged, the decrease in the oil output from the oil outlet 37 can increase the oil output and oil output force of the liquid outlet passage corresponding to the spiral groove, thereby improving the cooling and lubrication of the spiral groove, especially improving the impact force on the metal chips adhering in the spiral groove, thereby improving the cleaning effect of metal chips, and ultimately improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0044] The support block 7 is connected to the second slide block 4 through a U-shaped block 38 with an opening to the right. A rectangular cavity 39 is formed between the U-shaped block 38 and the left side of the support block 7. Several springs 40 are fixed from front to back on the top and bottom walls of the rectangular cavity 39. An impact ball 41 is fixed on the free end of the spring 40. A rotating plate 42 is provided on the side of the impact ball 41 away from the support block 7. A rotating rod 43 is fixed on the rotating plate 42. The front and rear ends of the rotating rod 43 are rotatably connected to the front and rear walls of the rectangular cavity 39, respectively. A cylindrical block 44 is fixed on the side of the rotating plate 42 away from the impact ball 41. Vibration is generated during workpiece cutting. This vibration is transmitted to the spring 40 through the support block 7, causing the spring 40 to move irregularly (up / down, left / right), which in turn drives the impact ball 41. The impact ball 41 is very close to both the left and right walls of the rectangular cavity 39, so it easily impacts the right wall of the rectangular cavity 39, i.e., the support block 7. This impact helps to loosen or even shake off metal debris adhering to the support block 7 and the workpiece, greatly improving the cleaning effect. The rotating plate 42 further provides power for the impact ball 41 to impact the support block 7, pushing the impact ball 41 towards the support block 7, thus increasing the impact force, improving the impact continuity, and enhancing the impact effect. The cylindrical block 44 makes the rotating plate 42 lighter at one end and heavier at the other, which facilitates the rotation of the rotating plate 42 and strengthens the impact force on the support block 7.

[0045] Working principle: During operation, when a workpiece needs to be installed, one end of the workpiece is first clamped by the clamping-rotating mechanism 6. At this time, the part of the workpiece to be cut fits perfectly into the arc-shaped groove 8 on the support block 7. That is, the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 8 completely covers the left side of the workpiece, and the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 8 contacts the outer wall of the covered part of the workpiece. Then, the other end of the workpiece is pressed tightly by the clamping mechanism 5, thus completing the installation and fixing of the workpiece. During processing, the cutting blade is aligned with a preset fixed position on the right side of the workpiece (that is, the part of the workpiece that is not covered). The cutting tool is fixed in position. The workpiece position is adjusted via the spindle mechanism to achieve cutting. The vertical position of the workpiece is adjusted by the up-and-down sliding of the first slide 2, the workpiece is rotated by the clamping-rotating mechanism 6, the front-and-back position of the workpiece is adjusted by the forward-and-backward sliding of the second slide 4, and the angle of the workpiece is adjusted by the rotational connection between the first slide 2 and the support base 3. The entire column 1 can move left and right on the milling machine. This left-and-right movement is achieved through a lead screw structure, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. To accommodate the machining of worm gears of different sizes, the support block 7 and the second slide 4 can be detachably connected. A support block 7 matching the required worm gear size is selected beforehand and installed on the second slide 4. This invention, through the arrangement of support block 7 and arc-shaped groove 8, effectively limits and supports the workpiece on its right side during cutting when the cutting blade is pressed against the left side of the workpiece. This prevents workpiece runout and deformation, ensuring workpiece stability even with large cutting volumes, deep cuts, and high cutting forces, ultimately significantly improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear. Furthermore, the support block 7 and arc-shaped groove 8 shield the workpiece portion within the arc-shaped groove 8 during machining, preventing metal debris generated during cutting from splashing onto it. This significantly reduces the amount of metal debris adhering to the workpiece when it rotates out of the arc-shaped groove 8 for further cutting, thus improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear to some extent, as metal debris adhering to the workpiece affects the cutting accuracy of the worm gear. Finally, before the workpiece rotates clockwise into the arc-shaped groove 8 during machining, the bottom edge of the arc-shaped groove 8 scrapes and cleans the metal debris adhering to the workpiece surface, effectively removing metal debris and further improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine, characterized in that, Includes a column (1), on which a first slide block (2) is slidably connected, on which a support seat (3) is rotatably connected, on which a second slide block (4) is slidably connected, on which a clamping mechanism (5) is fixed at the front end of the second slide block (4), and on which a clamping-rotating mechanism (6) is fixed at the rear end, and a support block (7) is provided at the middle position, and an arc groove (8) is provided on the support block (7); The support block (7) has several arc-shaped passages (19) from front to back. Adjacent arc-shaped passages (19) are connected. One of the arc-shaped passages (19) is connected to a liquid inlet passage (20). The liquid inlet passage (20) is located inside the support block (7) and is connected to a liquid inlet pipe (21). The side of the arc-shaped passage (19) facing the arc-shaped groove (8) is connected to several liquid outlet passages (22) from top to bottom. The liquid outlet passages (22) are located inside the support block (7) and are connected to the arc-shaped groove (8).

2. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (5) includes a bracket (9) fixed on the second slide (4), a first oil cylinder (10) is fixed on the bracket (9), and a tip (11) is fixed to the piston rod end of the first oil cylinder (10).

3. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping-rotating mechanism (6) includes a clamp seat (12) fixed on the second slide (4). The clamp seat (12) is equipped with a B-axis motor (13). The B-axis motor (13) is a direct drive motor. A main shaft (14) is fixed through its center. A clamping structure (15) is provided inside the main shaft (14). The clamping structure (15) includes a chuck (16). The chuck (16) is fixed with the left end of a pull rod (17). The right end of the pull rod (17) is fixed with the piston rod of the second oil cylinder (18).

4. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first receiving groove (23) is provided at the middle position of the right side of the column (1). A Z-axis motor (24) is fixed on the outer top surface of the first receiving groove (23). A first lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Z-axis motor (24). The lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner bottom surface of the first receiving groove (23). A first nut seat matching it is provided on the first lead screw. A first slide block (2) is fixed on the first nut seat. A slider (25) is fixed on the front and rear parts of the left side of the first slide block (2). A slide rail (26) matching the slider (25) is fixed on the column (1).

5. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, An A-axis motor (27) is fixed on the upper left side of the first slide (2). A first bevel gear (28) is fixed at the bottom of the rotating shaft of the A-axis motor (27). A second bevel gear (29) is vertically meshed with the first bevel gear (28). A connecting shaft (30) is fixed through the second bevel gear (29). The connecting shaft (30) passes through the first slide (2). A turntable (31) is fixed at the right end of the connecting shaft (30). The support seat (3) is fixed on the turntable (31).

6. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support base (3) has a second receiving groove on its right side. A Y-axis motor (32) is fixed on the rear outer wall of the second receiving groove. A second lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Y-axis motor (32). The front end of the second lead screw is rotatably connected to the front inner wall of the second receiving groove. A second nut seat that matches the second lead screw is provided on the second lead screw. A second slide (4) is fixed on the second nut seat.

7. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc groove (8) is set as a semi-circle, and the three liquid outlet channels (22) at the top of each arc passage (19) are set to tilt downward to the right, while the remaining liquid outlet channels (22) are set to be horizontal to the right.

8. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the arc-shaped passages (19) has a transverse passage (33) connected to the outside at its top end. A connecting pipe (34) is fixed inside the transverse passage (33). A one-way valve (35) is provided on the connecting pipe (34). A metal hose (36) is fixed at the right end of the connecting pipe (34). An oil outlet (37) is provided at the lower end of the metal hose (36).

9. The spindle mechanism for an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support block (7) is connected to the second slide block (4) through a U-shaped block (38) with an opening to the right. A rectangular cavity (39) is formed between the U-shaped block (38) and the left side of the support block (7). Several springs (40) are fixed on the top and bottom walls of the rectangular cavity (39) from front to back. An impact ball (41) is fixed on the free end of the spring (40). A rotating plate (42) is provided on the side of the impact ball (41) away from the support block (7). A rotating rod (43) is fixed on the rotating plate (42). The front and rear ends of the rotating rod (43) are rotatably connected to the front and rear walls of the rectangular cavity (39) respectively. A cylindrical block (44) is fixed on the side of the rotating plate (42) away from the impact ball (41).

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