Monitoring and early warning response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction of basic level

Abstract

According to the basic-level comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction-oriented monitoring and early warning response system, a mobile phone terminal, an intelligent disaster alarm terminal, an audio and video terminal, a computer terminal, a server and a communication base station communicate with one another, and the intelligent disaster alarm terminal can monitor temperature, humidity, smoke, fire disasters and toxic and harmful gases, trigger an alarm and issue meteorological disaster and geological disaster information; in geological disasters, the development stage of the disasters can be monitored through software analysis, early warning information is provided in time, personnel and property losses caused by rockfall and landslide are prevented, meanwhile, when the disasters are released, the method that noticing is carried out only through short messages in the past is changed, related personnel are notified through voice, a feedback mechanism is provided, informing is prevented from being not in place, and through the map function, the system is more intelligent and reliable. The technical method is short and low in cost, the retrieved loss may be very huge, the intelligent disaster alarm terminal can detect and warn various family disasters, and the intelligent disaster alarm terminal has the characteristic of multiple purposes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to a monitoring, early warning and response system, and in particular relates to a safety control system that integrates natural disasters and home safety hazards, and combines alarms and dangerous area inspections with software and hardware controlled by a server. Background Art

[0002] Meteorological disasters refer to the direct or indirect damage caused by the atmosphere to human life and property, national economic construction, national defense construction, etc. Meteorological disasters can cause losses ranging from millions to hundreds of billions of yuan, and can also cause countless casualties in the disaster area.

[0003] Meteorological disasters are a type of natural disaster. In China, they mainly include Asian tropical storms, typhoons in coastal areas, droughts, high temperatures, mountain torrents, thunderstorms in southern China, and sandstorms in the north.

[0004] Some elderly people living alone, elderly people left behind in rural areas, and children may face danger due to improper operation when using gas, charcoal fire, water, etc. Some children who work away from home will use surveillance cameras. However, since surveillance cameras need to be checked by users, various disasters often only take a few minutes to more than 10 minutes from the occurrence of the disaster to casualties. Without accurate early warning methods, the cameras will not work.

[0005] Among natural disasters, landslide is a geological phenomenon in which slope rock and soil slide along a continuous shear failure surface. The principle of landslide is that the shear stress on a certain slip surface exceeds the shear strength of the surface. Landslide is a relatively common geological disaster. The main cause of landslide is long-term rainfall. Because the soil is relatively loose or there is local water accumulation, the water infiltration causes structural damage to the soil, forming a shear failure surface, which causes landslide. If there are cracks in the soil itself, the cracks will increase in the case of continued drought, and the shear failure surface will also increase. In the case of a slight earthquake, landslide may also occur.

[0006] A debris flow is a destructive flow caused by the rapid movement of large amounts of clay, sand, and water under special geological and geographical conditions. It can also be caused by a landslide. If there is a long period of flow after a landslide, a debris flow will be formed.

[0007] Rockfall is the phenomenon of relatively scattered stones or relatively large pieces of soil sliding down the hillside. There will be varying degrees of rockfall half an hour to 15 minutes before a landslide occurs. Barrier nets are often arranged above roads or in areas with concentrated traffic, such as scenic spots. Barrier nets have a relatively strong blocking effect on sporadic rockfalls. However, barrier nets cannot block rockfalls before a landslide. In other words, rockfall can play a certain degree of early warning role.

[0008] For some meteorological disasters, governments at all levels in my country mainly send meteorological and geological disaster warning information. The sending of meteorological disaster warning information is actually a one-way output. The sending unit does not know how many people have read the sent information, nor does it know whether there are any out-of-town numbers in the jurisdiction that have not received the relevant warning information. The effect of sending the information cannot be evaluated.

[0009] From the perspective of technological progress, the mobile phone ownership rate in urban and rural areas of my country, calculated on a household basis, is close to 100%, and more and more users are installing surveillance cameras. It is technically feasible to utilize these existing advantages and use technological means to protect the personal and property safety of citizens. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Technical issues that need to be solved: 1. It is necessary to solve the problem of early warning and forecast notification for people who temporarily go to dangerous areas; 2. The feedback problem of early warning and forecast information needs to be solved; 3. It is necessary to solve the problem of automatic identification of dangerous areas and automatic early warning and forecasting of dangerous areas; 4. It is necessary to solve the problem of centralized early warning and forecasting of various dangerous areas; 5. It is necessary to solve the problem of classified early warning of local danger areas and global danger areas.

[0011] Technical solution: The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction at the grassroots level consists of two parts: hardware and software. The hardware consists of six parts: mobile phone terminal, computer terminal, server, audio and video terminal, disaster intelligent alarm terminal and communication base station. The mobile phone terminal adopts an existing mobile phone, which is a well-known product. The mobile phone terminal and the server complete communication. Preferably, the mobile phone terminal adopts a smart phone; The computer terminal is a PC terminal or a computer in a command center, which is a well-known product, and the computer terminal and the server complete communication; The server refers to a server or microcomputer installed with a server operating system. The server communicates with the communication base station, computer terminal, audio and video terminal, mobile phone terminal, and disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The server supports split-screen viewing and fixed-screen viewing of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The split-screen viewing refers to multiple disaster intelligent alarm terminals viewing the monitoring situation of the monitoring area through the display screen partition blocks. The monitoring video or picture actively sent by the monitoring personnel can only be viewed through the designated fixed screen block. The number of fixed screens is ≥1. Preferably, the server adopts a video server. The audio and video terminal is a known product, preferably, an existing monitoring device; The disaster intelligent alarm terminal refers to the monitoring and early warning equipment of the monitoring area. The PCB board of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal has multiple sensor sockets for easy installation of sensors. The communication base station is an electromagnetic signal transmission tower that detects and sends mobile phone signals. The communication base station can detect mobile phone signals entering and leaving its detection range, provide the location of the mobile phone signal, control incoming and outgoing mobile phone signals, and communicate with the 4G / 5G chip. The mobile phone software includes a user alarm function, a location calibration function, and a server connection function. In the user alarm function, it is necessary to limit the size of user-uploaded videos and / or user-uploaded pictures. When actively uploading alarm videos or pictures, the mobile phone software is designed to upload the location of the mobile phone signal by default, which is convenient for server positioning or rescue personnel. When the mobile phone software actively uploads alarm videos or pictures, the system sets the user alarm function to force free network access. The forced free network access means that the uploaded alarm video or picture uses the user's own traffic by default. When the alarmer has no traffic and no wifi is available, the default search is for surrounding wifi, and no password is required to connect to the wifi with the strongest signal to upload the alarm video or picture. The location calibration function means that after the alarmer makes an alarm, the alarmer moves, and the mobile phones of other monitoring personnel can simultaneously monitor the alarmer's location movement information. After the administrator believes that the alarm information has been successfully processed and cancels the shared location information or the alarmer applies for cancellation and obtains the administrator's consent, the alarmer's location information is no longer shared. The alarmer's information sharing is unilateral sharing, which means that all monitoring personnel can view the alarmer's location information, but the alarmer cannot view the monitoring personnel's location information. The control program of the server includes a user center, a monitoring area receiving center, a monitoring area publishing center, a map center, a download center, a hardware control center and a database; The user center includes the addition, modification, deletion and permission allocation of users; the monitoring area receiving center includes the application of monitoring areas, the division of monitoring areas, the reception of information on meteorological disasters and geological disasters issued by government departments, the number allocation, and the machine confirmation of dangerous situations in monitoring areas; the monitoring area publishing center includes the publishing work after manual confirmation of dangerous situations in monitoring areas, as well as the release of dangerous situation levels and preliminary predictions of hazards in monitoring areas; the map center includes administrative division maps with longitude and latitude coordinates, topographic maps, monitoring area numbers, and map displays of monitoring areas; the download center is used to download mobile phone software and basic knowledge of various monitoring areas; the hardware control center controls the identification of hardware, the compilation of hardware unique numbers, and the processing after hardware damage. The disaster intelligent alarm terminal is processed as a hardware, and the damage of the hardware of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal is sent by the disaster intelligent alarm terminal to the hardware control center via a damage code; The database and the server complete communication; The monitoring area refers to an area with a high probability of geological disasters or meteorological disasters, or an area where elderly people or left-behind children are more likely to be harmed in their daily lives and production; The program of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal includes: 1. hardware identification and integration program; 2. preliminary identification program of early warning and forecast; 3. response program of early warning and forecast; In the hardware identification and integration program, after each type of hardware is damaged, a different damage code is displayed and sent to the server. When designing the PCB board, the independence of various sensor sockets needs to be considered. The damage of one sensor does not affect the operation of other sensors. The PCB board reserves sensor sockets to facilitate the replacement of different sensors. The preliminary identification program for early warning and forecasting refers to the program analyzing the hardware working information and then judging whether the program of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal meets the preliminary characteristics of the early warning and forecast. The response program for early warning and forecasting refers to the program of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal judging whether the preliminary characteristics of the early warning and forecast are met, or receiving the early warning information of meteorological disasters or geological disasters sent by the server, and activating the alarm device in the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The program of the communication base station is an existing program, and only the communication program with the server is added.

[0012] The disaster intelligent alarm terminal includes a 4G / 5G chip, a WiFi chip, a gas sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, an alarm device, a memory, and a mainboard battery. The disaster intelligent alarm terminal is integrated on a PCB board. The disaster intelligent alarm terminal has different sensors, video acquisition devices, and audio acquisition devices integrated on the PCB board according to different monitoring areas and different monitoring objects. The 4G / 5G chip is a well-known product, and the 4G / 5G chip communicates with the server and the communication base station; The gas sensors include but are not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, hydrocarbon gas, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide gas sensors. The gas sensors are selected according to the user's requirements; The temperature and humidity sensors include thermal resistance temperature sensors, thermocouple temperature sensors, electronic hygrometers and integrated temperature and humidity sensors; The smoke sensor includes a gas sensitive resistor sensor and an ion sensor; The alarm device includes but is not limited to a voice alarm device, a light alarm device, and a odor alarm device.

[0013] Mobile phone warning information notification refers to the use of mobile phones and servers to communicate and issue mobile phone warning information notifications between the server and the mobile phone, thereby preventing accidents. Mobile phone warning information notification consists of 7 steps, among which the 7th step is the call response mechanism: Step 1: Classify the monitored disasters into global and local disasters based on the size of the affected area. Global disasters refer to disasters covering the entire administrative area, specifically: 1. Rainstorm disasters; 2. Urban waterlogging; 3. Geological disasters; 4. Mountain torrents; 5. Forest fire risks; 6. Earthquakes. Local disasters include: 1. High-risk areas or observation areas for landslides, rockfalls, and mudslides; 2. Reservoir and river runoff areas; 3. Chemical solvent and flammable and explosive gas disasters in industrial and mining enterprises with high risks; electricity, water, gas, carbon monoxide disasters, flammable and explosive alcohol, and firewood disasters in elderly and left-behind children's homes. When local disasters have not yet occurred, they refer to potential disasters. Step 2: Specify the types of monitoring personnel. Monitoring personnel refers to the following six categories of personnel: 1. Server operation and maintenance personnel; 2. Disaster monitoring and investigation personnel and early warning personnel; 3. Personnel directly threatened by the disaster; 4. Close relatives of persons threatened by the disaster; 5. Personnel present in the local disaster area during the period when the early warning information is issued; 6. Personnel within the administrative area stored in the server; Step 3: Compile monitoring disaster codes for each type of monitored disaster, with global disaster codes designated as Class A and local disasters as Class B. All monitoring disaster codes are aggregated and stored in a database. The server connects with government departments with the obligation to monitor and investigate disasters. Global disasters do not need to be divided into disaster areas. When global disaster information is released, it is published to Category 5 and Category 6 monitoring personnel. Step 4: Divide the local disaster into disaster areas. The disaster area refers to the area affected by the local disaster, divided with the center point of the local disaster as a reference. When issuing local disaster warning information, the target audience is Category 1 to Category 5 monitoring personnel; Step 5: The server completes communication with the communication base station and the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The video signal of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal is sent to the communication base station via the 4G or 5G chip, and then sent to the server by the communication base station. Disasters are dynamic and location information needs to be sent synchronously. Disasters are static and the server has pre-stored the specific location of the disaster area for disaster warning personnel and early warning personnel to conduct on-site inspections. Dynamic disasters refer to disasters whose location changes continuously over time, while static disasters refer to disasters whose location does not change over time. Step 6: Determination of Category 5 monitoring personnel. When a warning message is sent for a local disaster, the communication base station detects the coordinates of the mobile phone signal. The server compares the detected coordinates of the mobile phone signal with the area of ​​the disaster area. If the coordinates of the mobile phone signal are within the disaster area, the mobile phone number will receive the warning message. However, the warning message itself must meet the standards for sending warning messages. Mobile phone users who are not in the disaster area will not receive the warning message. Step 7: According to the characters of GB18030, set the standard voice for the characters of GB18030. After the mobile phone receives the text message, it converts the text message characters into voice according to the standard voice to remind the monitoring personnel. After receiving the voice, the monitoring personnel sends the feedback information to the server. The server marks the feedback information as read or unread by the monitoring personnel. If the monitoring personnel does not read it for a certain period of time, it will be sent again and voice prompts will be used. After three prompts, the phone call will be started to prompt to avoid disasters as much as possible. When the voice warning information uploaded by the monitoring personnel is in dialect and cannot be converted into standard voice, the monitoring personnel who receive the information cannot understand it and submit a request to convert it into Mandarin. Other monitoring personnel submit standard voice information and then convert it into standard voice.

[0014] Rockfall warning is accomplished using the following steps: Step 1: Pre-store a sound of stonefall and use it as the standard sound; Step 2: Set up an audio and video terminal in an area with a risk of rockfall. The audio and video terminal is used to shoot a video that includes voice information. The 5G chip communicates with the server and sends the video signal to the server. Step 3: The server presets a minimum decibel level for monitoring rockfalls. When the external sound exceeds the minimum decibel level, the server compares and analyzes the pre-stored standard sound with the audio information in the received rockfall video using sound similarity software. Step 4: When the server analyzes the audio of the rockfall video and finds that it is not rockfall, it stops the analysis. If it finds rockfall, it starts continuous analysis. If there are three or more consecutive rockfall sounds, a text message warning is sent. The text message warning is also sent to the monitoring personnel's mobile phone. The server transmits the video surveillance screen to the mobile phone to remind the monitoring personnel that this is a machine warning. Step 5: As long as any monitoring personnel checks the surveillance video, they can start the disaster alarm program. The disaster alarm buttons are divided into general disaster, emergency disaster, and non-disaster buttons. After checking, the monitoring personnel can select the non-disaster button or not select it. The process will be handled as non-disaster and the next step will not be entered. When the monitoring personnel select general disaster or emergency disaster, they will enter the next step; Step 6: If the monitoring personnel selects a general disaster, the mobile phone will report the general disaster to the server, and the server will notify the general disaster handling personnel to handle it. When the monitoring personnel selects an emergency disaster, the emergency disaster information will be reported to the server, and the server will notify the emergency disaster handling department and handle it, and send an emergency disaster notification to the monitoring personnel's mobile phone. Compared with the machine warning, the emergency disaster notification is more harsh and will continue until the monitoring personnel chooses to close the alarm to prevent the monitoring personnel from getting into danger.

[0015] Landslide early warning is accomplished using the following steps: Step 1: First, preliminarily delineate high-risk areas for landslides, and then set up monitoring heads in the high-risk areas. The PCB board of the monitoring head integrates a 4G / 5G chip, audio and video terminals, and the video acquisition device of the monitoring head needs to be fixed. The reference picture taken and the intercepted picture are convenient for RGB color comparison; Step 2: Take a picture of a high-risk area as a reference picture; Step 3: Intercept the captured images at regular intervals and compare them with the reference images. If striped color changes occur, it indicates that cracks may have occurred. The cracks must be ≥300cm in length and ≥0.5cm in width. After the software analyzes and concludes that there are cracks, the server issues an early warning sound. The monitoring personnel then confirm the cracks through video and on-site confirmation. The cracks are then marked as cracks and the reference images are updated. For high-risk areas with cracks, if on-site confirmation indicates that no special treatment is required or the cost of special treatment is too high, the software will continue to monitor the areas. If the software analyzes that the cracks are expanding, if the weather is bad and the analysis shows that there is a risk of landslide, the user will be notified to evacuate via text message. The striped color change refers to comparing the RGB values ​​of the reference image and the RGB values ​​of the captured image, and calculating the difference between the two colors using one of the following two methods: The first method is Euclidean distance calculation, which expresses the deviation by calculating the Euclidean distance between two colors in three-dimensional space. Suppose there are two sets of RGB color values ​​(R1, G1, B1) and (R2, G2, B2). The Euclidean distance between them is calculated by the following formula: [ \Delta E = \sqrt{(R2 - R1)^2 + (G2 - G1)^2 + (B2 - B1)^2} ], and the larger the calculated \Delta E, the greater the difference between the two colors. The second method is CIE Delta E calculation, also known as ΔE*ab calculation. ΔE*ab is based on the color difference formula defined by CIE. The conversion process from RGB to CIELAB color space is as follows: Process 1: Convert RGB values ​​from 0-255 range to 0-1 range; Step 2: Apply the conversion matrix from RGB to XYZ color space; Process 3: Convert XYZ color space to CIELAB color space; Process 4: Finally, the ΔE*ab value between the two colors is calculated, where CIE refers to the International Commission on Illumination.

[0016] The disaster intelligent alarm terminal includes a power cord 1, a 4G / 5G chip 2, a PCB board 3, a switch 4, a power module 5, a temperature and humidity sensor 6, a relay 7, a smoke sensor 8, an alarm indicator light 9, a gas sensor 10, a buzzer 11, a call button 12, a display screen 13, a CPU 14, a power indicator light 15, and a working status indicator light 16; The intelligent disaster alarm terminal is a box-type structure, and its power cord 1 is connected to an external power supply. A PCB board 3 is installed inside the box. The PCB board 3 consists of five modules: a power module, a communication module, an OS module, a relay module, and a sensor socket. The power supply module is a module that coordinates the operation of the power supply, the mainboard battery and the uninterruptible power supply. The power supply is transformed, rectified and filtered to obtain a 12V DC voltage to provide power for the system. In the event of a power outage, the mainboard battery ensures that the stored data will not be lost due to the power outage, especially the important parameter settings, to prevent unnecessary trouble caused by the power outage. The mainboard battery is a button-shaped lithium battery. The uninterruptible power supply mainly continues to provide power support after the power supply fails. The uninterruptible power supply is a battery. The uninterruptible power supply and the power supply part switch with each other and cannot supply power at the same time. Both the OS module and the uninterruptible power supply have detection circuits. The working process of the detection circuit is that after the power supply is restored, it will not immediately supply power to other modules on the PCB board. Instead, it will first detect whether the uninterruptible power supply has stopped supplying power. Only after the uninterruptible power supply stops supplying power will the power supply start supplying power. The detection circuit of the uninterruptible power supply has the same working principle as the detection circuit of the OS module. After detecting that the power supply stops supplying power, the uninterruptible power supply starts supplying power. For safety reasons, a hysteresis delay technology is adopted when switching between the power supply and the uninterruptible power supply to prevent high voltage from damaging various electronic components on the PCB board. The communication module manages and coordinates the 4G / 5G chip and the Wi-Fi chip. When there is no 4G / 5G signal, the 4G mode is reduced to 2G mode, providing the most basic voice call service and short message sending. The OS module is an operating system module. The operating system of the alarm device is a real-time operating system. After receiving an operation instruction, the real-time operating system can respond in 1 / 18 of a microsecond. The OS module has a comparison function. After the sensor is installed in the sensor socket, the sensor will be saved as a hardware list. After each subsequent startup, the status of the sensor will be detected. The sensor socket adopts hot start. All sensors will cycle through the "start-detection-exit-start-detection" process. The above process is to detect whether the sensor is damaged at any time. When the sensor is in working state and detection data appears, the above process is terminated to prevent continuous operation. This is different from ordinary hot plugging. When the OS module detects a dangerous situation, it first passes through the relay module, which activates the alarm indicator light 9, the buzzer 11, and the working status indicator light 16 to indicate that the system is alarming, thereby playing an alarm role. In this way, no matter what type of sensor is set, the alarm can be activated by the relay module, and the alarm voice activated by different sensors is recognized by MP3; The working mechanism of the call button 12 is as follows: when the disaster intelligent alarm terminal detects a situation requiring early warning, the alarm indicator light 9, the buzzer 11, and the working status indicator light 16 are activated; when the call button 12 is short pressed, the alarm indicator light 9, the buzzer 11, and the working status indicator light 16 stop working; when the call button 12 is long pressed for more than two seconds, the emergency call number is dialed to the server, and the emergency call number is set on the server; The sensor socket is used to connect various sensors. The sensor socket adopts a universal sensor socket, which is convenient for replacing various sensors.

[0017] Gas sensor warning means, Alarms are issued based on the minimum or maximum limit of the gas sensor. The gas sensor is connected to the monitoring network, the gas sensor is connected to the 4G / 5G chip, and the concentration data measured by the gas sensor is input into the 4G / 5G chip. The high and low limits are set according to the corresponding gas. When the server receives a low limit alarm signal, it notifies the user's preset mobile phone to send an alarm message. When the server receives a high limit alarm signal, it starts the village broadcast to send an early warning signal and sends early warning text messages to the neighbors' mobile phones to remind them to help check. At the same time, manual monitoring is started and nearby public welfare rescue organizations or fire brigades are notified to carry out rescue.

[0018] The odor alarm device is an ethyl mercaptan alarm, which is installed in the homes of blind and deaf people. The ethyl mercaptan alarm has an ethyl mercaptan container, which is diluted with alcohol. The alarm is to use a motor to loosen the valve of the ethyl mercaptan container, allowing a certain amount of ethyl mercaptan to flow out and then immediately close it. When ethyl mercaptan is replaced by gas or liquid, it is necessary to use irritating but non-toxic gas or liquid.

[0019] Beneficial effects: A monitoring and early warning response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level utilizes mobile phones, computers, servers, disaster intelligent alarm terminals and communication base stations to complete communications. Compared with the existing SMS notification, this technology provides a feedback channel, that is, the reception status of users receiving SMS will be fed back through the server. At the same time, notifications are added to the elderly, left-behind children and people who temporarily appear in the disaster area. It is no longer limited to the previous sending only to people in the jurisdiction. For local disaster areas, early warning forecasts are only sent to relevant personnel. At the same time, for some disaster areas, a dual identification mechanism of machine preliminary identification and manual confirmation is adopted to play the role of early warning and prevent disaster accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Attachment Figure 1 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a disaster intelligent alarm terminal; Attachment Figure 2 This is a front panel structure diagram of a disaster intelligent alarm terminal; Attachment Figure 3 This is the topology diagram of the disaster intelligent warning system. In the figure, 1-power cord, 2-4G / 5G chip, 3-PCB board, 4-switch, 5-power module, 6-temperature and humidity sensor, 7-relay, 8-smoke sensor, 9-alarm indicator light, 10-gas sensor, 11-buzzer, 12-response button, 13-display, 14-CPU, 15-power indicator light, 16-working status indicator light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level consists of two parts: hardware and software.

[0022] The hardware consists of five parts: mobile phone, server, computer, disaster intelligent alarm terminal and communication base station. The mobile phone terminal adopts an existing mobile phone, which is a well-known product. The mobile phone terminal and the server complete communication. Preferably, the mobile phone terminal adopts a smart phone. A 2G mobile phone can only send voice messages and make calls, and does not need to send video files.

[0023] The server includes a server or microcomputer with a server operating system installed. The server communicates with the communication base station, mobile phone, computer, and disaster intelligent alarm terminal; the server supports split-screen viewing of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The split-screen viewing refers to multiple disaster intelligent alarm terminals, which view the monitoring status of the monitoring area through the display screen partition blocks. In addition, there is a fixed screen, and the monitoring video or pictures actively sent by the monitoring personnel are viewed through the fixed screen. The number of fixed screens is ≧1. Preferably, the server uses a video server. During the testing phase, a PC with a server operating system installed is often used, but the final product requires a hardware server.

[0024] The disaster intelligent alarm terminal refers to the monitoring equipment of the monitoring area. The PCB board of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal has multiple sensor sockets for easy installation of sensors.

[0025] The communication base station is an existing product, and the 4G / 5G chip communicates with the communication base station.

[0026] The software consists of four parts: mobile phone application, server control program, disaster intelligent alarm terminal program, and communication base station program. The mobile phone application includes a user alarm function, a location calibration function, and a server connection function. In the user alarm function, it is necessary to limit the duration of user-uploaded videos and the size of user-uploaded pictures. When actively uploading alarm videos or pictures, the application is designed to upload the location of the mobile phone signal synchronously by default, which is convenient for server positioning or rescue personnel to rescue. When the APP actively uploads alarm videos or pictures, the system sets the user alarm function to force free use of the network. The forced free use of the network means that the uploaded alarm video or picture uses the user's own traffic by default. When the alarmer has no traffic and no wifi is available, the default search is for the surrounding wifi, and no password is required to connect to the wifi with the strongest signal to upload the alarm video or picture; the The location calibration function means that after the caller makes an alarm, the caller moves, and the mobile phones of other monitoring personnel can monitor the information of the caller's location movement at the same time. After the administrator believes that the alarm information has been successfully processed and cancels the sharing of location information or the caller applies for cancellation and obtains the administrator's consent, the caller's location information will no longer be shared. It should be noted that the caller's information sharing is unilateral, that is, all monitoring personnel can view the caller's location information, but the caller cannot view the location information of the monitoring personnel, in order to protect the privacy of the monitoring personnel and take into account the rescue. In the software design, the APP uses the existing video function, and the server only provides the user link function, which is similar to the three-party conference of WeChat or directly uses the three-party conference. The server only provides the interface.

[0027] The control program of the server includes user center, monitoring area receiving center, monitoring area publishing center, map center, download center, hardware control center, The user center includes user addition, modification, deletion, and permission allocation.

[0028] The monitoring area receiving center includes the application of monitoring areas, the division of monitoring areas, the reception of meteorological disaster and geological disaster information issued by the government, the number allocation, and the machine confirmation of dangerous situations in the monitoring areas.

[0029] The monitoring area release center includes the release work after manual confirmation of the danger situation in the monitoring area, as well as the release of the danger level and preliminary prediction of the hazards in the monitoring area.

[0030] The map center includes an administrative division map containing longitude and latitude coordinates, a topographic map, a monitoring area number, and a map display of the monitoring area.

[0031] The download center is used to download mobile phone APPs and basic knowledge of various monitoring areas.

[0032] The hardware control center controls the identification of hardware, the compilation of hardware unique numbers, and the processing after hardware damage. The disaster intelligent alarm terminal is treated as a hardware. The damage of the hardware of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal is sent by the disaster intelligent alarm terminal to the hardware control center.

[0033] The monitoring area refers to the area where there is a high possibility of geological disasters or meteorological disasters, but people cannot be organized to relocate for the time being, or people have been organized to relocate but it takes a certain amount of time to complete, or there are families with elderly people living alone or left-behind children who are at a higher risk of being injured in their daily life and production.

[0034] The program of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal includes 1. hardware identification and integration program; 2. preliminary identification program of early warning and forecast; 3. response program of early warning and forecast. In the hardware identification and integration program, after each type of hardware is damaged, a different damage code is displayed and sent to the server. When designing the PCB board, the independence of various hardware interfaces needs to be considered. The damage of one hardware does not affect the operation of other hardware. The PCB board reserves a connector interface to facilitate the replacement of different hardware.

[0035] The preliminary recognition program of the early warning forecast refers to a program that analyzes the hardware working information and then determines whether the machine meets the preliminary characteristics of the early warning forecast.

[0036] The response procedure of the early warning forecast is to activate the alarm device in the disaster intelligent alarm terminal after the machine determines that the preliminary characteristics of the early warning forecast are met; The program of the communication base station is an existing program, and only the communication program with the server is added.

[0037] The disaster intelligent alarm terminal includes a 4G / 5G chip, a video acquisition device, an audio acquisition device, a gas sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, an alarm device, a memory, and a battery. The disaster intelligent alarm terminal is integrated on a PCB board. The disaster intelligent alarm terminal has different devices integrated on the PCB board according to different monitoring areas and different monitoring objects. The 4G / 5G chip is a well-known product, and the 4G / 5G chip communicates with the server and the communication base station; The video acquisition device includes a camera, which is a well-known product; The audio acquisition device is a known product; The gas sensors include but are not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, hydrocarbon gas, aromatic compounds, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide gas sensors. The gas sensors are selected according to the user's requirements; The temperature monitoring device includes a thermal resistor and a thermocouple temperature sensor; The temperature and humidity sensors include thermal resistance temperature sensors, thermocouple temperature sensors, electronic hygrometers and integrated temperature and humidity sensors; The alarm device includes but is not limited to a voice alarm device, a light alarm device, and a odor alarm device.

[0038] The mobile phone warning information notification refers to the use of mobile phones and servers to communicate and issue mobile phone warning information notifications between the server and the mobile phone, thereby preventing accidents. The mobile phone warning information notification consists of 7 steps, among which the 7th step is the call response mechanism: Step 1: Classify the monitored disasters into global and local disasters based on the size of the affected area. Global disasters refer to disasters covering the entire administrative area, specifically: 1. Rainstorm disasters; 2. Urban waterlogging; 3. Geological disasters; 4. Mountain torrents; 5. Forest fire risks; 6. Earthquakes. Local disasters include: 1. High-risk areas or observation areas for landslides, rockfalls, and mudslides; 2. Reservoir and river runoff areas; 3. Chemical solvents and flammable and explosive gas disasters in industrial and mining enterprises with high risks; electricity, water, gas, carbon monoxide disasters in elderly households and families with left-behind children; flammable and explosive alcohol and firewood disasters. When local disasters have not yet occurred, they refer to potential disasters. Step 2: Specify the types of monitoring personnel. Monitoring personnel refers to the following six categories of personnel: 1. Server operation and maintenance personnel; 2. Disaster investigation and warning personnel; 3. Personnel directly threatened by the monitored disaster; 4. Close relatives of personnel threatened by the monitored disaster; 5. Personnel present in the local disaster area during the warning information issuance period; 6. Personnel within the administrative area stored in the server; Step 3: Compile monitoring disaster codes for each type of monitored disaster, with global disaster codes designated as Class A and local disasters as Class B. These codes are aggregated and stored on a server, which is then connected to government departments responsible for monitoring and investigating disasters. Global disasters do not require zoning, and global disaster information is released to Category 5 and 6 monitoring personnel. Step 4: Divide the local disaster into disaster areas. The disaster area refers to the area affected by the local disaster, divided with the center point of the local disaster as a reference. When issuing local disaster warning information, the target audience is Category 1 to Category 5 monitoring personnel; Step 5: The server completes communication with the communication base station and the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The video signal of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal is sent to the server via the 4G or 5G chip. The communication base station controls the transmission. Disasters are dynamic and location information needs to be sent synchronously. Disasters are static and the server has pre-stored the specific location of the disaster for on-site investigation by disaster warning personnel and early warning personnel. Dynamic disasters refer to disasters whose location changes continuously over time, while static disasters refer to disasters whose location does not change over time. Step 6: Determination of Category 5 monitoring personnel. When a warning message is sent for a local disaster, the communication base station detects the coordinates of the mobile phone signal. The server compares the detected coordinates of the mobile phone signal with the area of ​​the disaster area. If the coordinates of the mobile phone signal are within the disaster area, the mobile phone number will receive the warning message. However, the warning message itself must meet the standards for sending warning messages. Mobile phone users who are not in the disaster area will not receive the warning message. Step 7: According to the characters of GB18030, set the standard voice for the characters of GB18030. After the mobile phone receives the text message, it converts the text message characters into voice according to the standard voice to remind the monitoring personnel. After receiving the voice, the monitoring personnel sends the feedback information to the server. The server marks the feedback information as read or unread by the monitoring personnel. If the monitoring personnel does not read it for a certain period of time, it will be sent again and voice prompts will be used. After three prompts, the phone call will be started to prompt to avoid disasters as much as possible. When the voice warning information uploaded by the monitoring personnel is in dialect and cannot be converted into standard voice, the monitoring personnel who receive the information cannot understand it and submit a request to convert it into Mandarin. Other monitoring personnel submit standard voice information and then convert it into standard voice.

[0039] The odor alarm device is an ethyl mercaptan alarm, which is installed in the homes of blind and deaf people. The ethyl mercaptan alarm has an ethyl mercaptan container, which is diluted with alcohol. The alarm is to use a motor to loosen the valve of the ethyl mercaptan container, allowing a certain amount of ethyl mercaptan to flow out and then immediately close it. When ethyl mercaptan is replaced by gas or liquid, it is necessary to use irritating but non-toxic gas or liquid.

[0040] The rockfall warning is accomplished by the following steps: Step 1: Pre-store a sound of stonefall and use it as the standard sound; Step 2: Set up a disaster smart alarm terminal in an area with rockfall risk. The terminal captures video, which must include voice information. The 5G chip communicates with the server and sends the video signal to the server. Step 3: The server presets a minimum decibel level for monitoring rockfalls. When the external sound exceeds the minimum decibel level, the server compares and analyzes the pre-stored standard sound with the audio information in the received rockfall video using sound similarity software. Step 4: When the server analyzes the audio of the rockfall video and finds that it is not rockfall, it stops the analysis. If it finds rockfall, it starts continuous analysis. If there are three or more consecutive rockfall sounds, a text message warning is sent. The text message warning is also sent to the monitoring personnel's mobile phone. The server transmits the video surveillance screen to the mobile phone to remind the monitoring personnel that this is a machine warning. Step 5: As long as any monitoring personnel checks the surveillance video, they can start the disaster alarm program. The disaster alarm buttons are divided into general disaster, emergency disaster, and non-disaster buttons. After checking, the monitoring personnel can select the non-disaster button or not select it. The process will be handled as non-disaster and the next step will not be entered. When the monitoring personnel select general disaster or emergency disaster, they will enter the next step; Step 6: If the monitoring personnel selects a general disaster, the mobile phone will report the general disaster to the server, and the server will notify the general disaster handling personnel to handle it. When the monitoring personnel selects an emergency disaster, the emergency disaster information will be reported to the server, and the server will notify the emergency disaster handling department and handle it, and send an emergency disaster notification to the monitoring personnel's mobile phone. Compared with the machine warning, the emergency disaster notification is more harsh and will continue until the monitoring personnel chooses to close the alarm to prevent the monitoring personnel from getting into danger.

[0041] The landslide early warning is completed by the following steps: Step 1: First, preliminarily delineate high-risk areas for landslides, and then set up monitoring heads in the high-risk areas. The PCB board of the monitoring head integrates a 4G or 5G chip, an audio acquisition device, and a video acquisition device. The video acquisition device of the monitoring head needs to be fixed so that the reference image and the intercepted image can be easily compared with RGB color. Step 2: Take a picture of a high-risk area as a reference picture; Step 3: Intercept the captured images at regular intervals and compare them with the reference images. If striped color changes occur, it indicates that cracks may have occurred. The cracks must be ≥300cm in length and ≥0.5cm in width. After the software analyzes and concludes that there are cracks, the server issues an early warning sound. The monitoring personnel then confirm the cracks through video and on-site confirmation. The cracks are then marked as cracks and the reference images are updated. For high-risk areas with cracks, if on-site confirmation indicates that no special treatment is required or the cost of special treatment is too high, the software will continue to monitor the areas. If the software analyzes that the cracks are expanding, if the weather is bad and the analysis shows that there is a risk of landslide, the user will be notified to evacuate via text message. The striped color change refers to comparing the RGB values ​​of the reference image and the RGB values ​​of the captured image, and calculating the difference between the two colors using one of the following two methods: The first method is Euclidean distance calculation, which expresses the deviation by calculating the Euclidean distance between two colors in three-dimensional space. Suppose there are two sets of RGB color values ​​(R1, G1, B1) and (R2, G2, B2). The Euclidean distance between them is calculated by the following formula: [ \Delta E = \sqrt{(R2 - R1)^2 + (G2 - G1)^2 + (B2 - B1)^2} ], and the larger the calculated \Delta E, the greater the difference between the two colors. The second method is CIE Delta E calculation, also known as ΔE*ab calculation. ΔE*ab is based on the color difference formula defined by CIE. The conversion process from RGB to CIELAB color space is as follows: Process 1: Convert RGB values ​​from 0-255 range to 0-1 range; Step 2: Apply the conversion matrix from RGB to XYZ color space; Process 3: Convert XYZ color space to CIELAB color space; Process 4: Finally, the ΔE*ab value between the two colors is calculated, where CIE refers to the International Commission on Illumination.

[0042] The gas sensor warning refers to: Alarm according to the minimum limit or high limit of the gas sensor, connect the gas sensor to the monitoring network, connect the gas sensor to the 4G / 5G chip, and input the concentration data measured by the gas sensor into the 4G / 5G chip. Set the high limit and low limit according to the corresponding gas. When the server receives the low limit alarm signal, it notifies the user's preset mobile phone to send an alarm message. When the server receives the high limit alarm signal, it starts the village broadcast to send an early warning signal and sends an early warning text message to the neighbors' mobile phones to remind them to help check. At the same time, it starts manual monitoring and notifies nearby public welfare rescue organizations or fire brigades to carry out rescue.

[0043] Example 1: The internal and external structure diagram of a disaster intelligent alarm terminal is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 As shown, its internal structure mainly consists of a power cord 1, a 4G / 5G chip 2, a PCB board 3, a switch 4, a power module 5, a temperature and humidity sensor 6, a relay 7, a smoke sensor 8, an alarm indicator light 9, a gas sensor 10, a buzzer 11, a response button 12, a display screen 13, a CPU 14, a power indicator light 15, and a working status indicator light 16.

[0044] The disaster intelligent alarm terminal has a box-type structure, and its power cord is connected to an external industrial frequency power supply; a PCB board 3 is installed inside the box-type structure, and the PCB board 3 consists of five modules: power module, communication module, OS module, relay module, and sensor socket module.

[0045] The power module is divided into industrial frequency power supply, mainboard battery and uninterruptible power supply. The industrial frequency power supply obtains 12V DC voltage through transformation, rectification and filtering to provide power for the system. The industrial frequency power supply is the main power source. The mainboard battery can ensure that the stored data will not disappear due to power failure, especially the important parameter settings, to prevent unnecessary trouble caused by power failure. The uninterruptible power supply mainly continues to provide power support after the industrial frequency power supply fails. The uninterruptible power supply is actually a battery. The uninterruptible power supply and the industrial frequency power supply switch with each other and cannot supply power at the same time. There are large detection circuits in the OS module and the uninterruptible power supply. When the industrial power supply is restored, the uninterruptible power supply is also supplying power. Therefore, the detection circuit of the OS module works first. The working principle of the detection circuit is that after the industrial power supply is restored, it will not immediately supply power to other modules on the PCB board. Instead, it will first detect whether the uninterruptible power supply has stopped supplying power. Only after the uninterruptible power supply stops supplying power, the industrial power supply starts supplying power. The detection circuit of the uninterruptible power supply has the same principle as the detection circuit of the OS module. After detecting that the industrial power supply stops supplying power, the uninterruptible power supply starts supplying power. For safety, a hysteresis delay technology is adopted when switching between the industrial power supply and the uninterruptible power supply to prevent high voltage from damaging various electronic components on the PCB board.

[0046] The communication module includes a 4G / 5G chip and a WiFi chip. The communication module provides interfaces for these two chips, making it convenient for different users to adopt appropriate communication methods and send communication information to the outside world. It should be noted that the communication module of a general PCB board also provides a Bluetooth interface. The monitoring and early warning response system is not suitable for Bluetooth chips. Without a Bluetooth chip installed, when there is no 4G / 5G signal, 4G is reduced to 2G mode, which can provide the most basic voice call services and short message sending and receiving services to maximize the guarantee that alarm information can be transmitted remotely.

[0047] The OS module is the operating system module. The alarm device's operating system is a real-time operating system. Unlike the Windows operating system, the real-time operating system can respond within 1 / 18 of a microsecond after receiving an operation command, improving product practicality. Its operating system controls all hardware and software, while the Windows operating system does not respond instantly. There is often a delay after the system receives a command. The OS module also has a comparison function. After a sensor is installed in the sensor socket, it saves the sensor as a hardware inventory. After each subsequent startup, the sensor status is checked. The sensor socket uses a hot start, and all sensors cycle through a "start-test-exit-start-test" process. This process continuously checks for sensor damage. When a sensor is in working condition and test data is generated, the process terminates to prevent continuous operation. The OS records this data to prevent sensor damage from occurring without the OS being aware of it, potentially leading to a damaged sensor and inability to activate the alarm.

[0048] Relay module. When the OS module detects a dangerous situation, it first passes through the relay module, which activates the alarm indicator light 9 and the buzzer 11 to work, thereby playing an alarm role. In this way, no matter what type of sensor is set, the alarm can be activated through the relay module, and the alarm voices activated by different sensors are identified using MP3.

[0049] Sensor socket: The sensor socket is used to set various sensors. The sensor socket adopts a universal sensor socket, which is convenient for replacing various sensors.

[0050] Example 2: Disaster intelligent alarm terminal and server, computer terminal, server, mobile terminal relationship diagram as shown below Figure 3 As shown: The disaster intelligent alarm system consists of disaster intelligent alarm terminals, communication base stations, servers, automatic weather stations, and the Internet; The disaster intelligent alarm terminal mainly includes the following functions: 1. Receive alarms, including warning information and manual voice; 2. Self-service alarm, the data of self-service alarm comes from sensors; 3. Call confirmation and emergency call. Call confirmation means that after the warning information is issued, you can confirm it by pressing the call button or calling the server to dial the alarm number; The disaster intelligent alert terminal is capable of processing the following data: 1. Indoor temperature and humidity sensor data; 2. Indoor smoke and gas sensor data; 3. Parameters such as latitude and longitude, altitude, time, etc. 4: Receive geological disaster and meteorological disaster information and process it; 5. Equipment operation, status and other information.

[0051] The processed data is sent to the server via the communication base station using the 4G / 5G chip, and the device number information and positioning information can be sent at the same time; The server is set in the central computer room. The server is responsible for: 1. Data storage and computing; 2. Management software, which refers to system management software; 3. Receive meteorological data such as temperature, rainfall, wind speed, humidity, and geological disaster information such as debris flow, landslide, and earthquake sent by automatic weather stations; The server also manages the computer application software, which displays the alarm status and online status of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal; The server manages the application software on the mobile phone and displays the alarm status on the mobile phone.

Claims

1. A monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level, characterized by: The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level consists of two parts: hardware and software. The hardware consists of six parts: mobile phone terminal, computer terminal, server, audio and video terminal, disaster intelligent alarm terminal and communication base station. The mobile phone terminal adopts an existing mobile phone, which is a well-known product. The mobile phone terminal and the server complete communication. Preferably, the mobile phone terminal adopts a smart phone; The computer terminal is a PC terminal or a computer in a command center, which is a well-known product, and the computer terminal and the server complete communication; The server refers to a server or microcomputer installed with a server operating system. The server communicates with the communication base station, computer terminal, audio and video terminal, mobile phone terminal, and disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The server supports split-screen viewing and fixed-screen viewing of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The split-screen viewing refers to multiple disaster intelligent alarm terminals viewing the monitoring situation of the monitoring area through the display screen partition blocks. The monitoring video or picture actively sent by the monitoring personnel can only be viewed through the designated fixed screen block. The number of fixed screens is ≥1. Preferably, the server adopts a video server. The audio and video terminal is a known product, preferably, an existing monitoring device; The disaster intelligent alarm terminal refers to the monitoring and early warning equipment of the monitoring area. The PCB board of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal has multiple sensor sockets for easy installation of sensors. The communication base station is an electromagnetic signal transmission tower that detects and sends mobile phone signals. The communication base station can detect mobile phone signals entering and leaving its detection range, provide the location of the mobile phone signal, control incoming and outgoing mobile phone signals, and communicate with the 4G / 5G chip. The mobile phone software includes a user alarm function, a location calibration function, and a server connection function. In the user alarm function, it is necessary to limit the size of user-uploaded videos and / or user-uploaded pictures. When actively uploading alarm videos or pictures, the mobile phone software is designed to upload the location of the mobile phone signal by default, which is convenient for server positioning or rescue personnel. When the mobile phone software actively uploads alarm videos or pictures, the system sets the user alarm function to force free network access. The forced free network access means that the uploaded alarm video or picture uses the user's own traffic by default. When the alarmer has no traffic and no wifi is available, the default search is for surrounding wifi, and no password is required to connect to the wifi with the strongest signal to upload the alarm video or picture. The location calibration function means that after the alarmer makes an alarm, the alarmer moves, and the mobile phones of other monitoring personnel can simultaneously monitor the alarmer's location movement information. After the administrator believes that the alarm information has been successfully processed and cancels the shared location information or the alarmer applies for cancellation and obtains the administrator's consent, the alarmer's location information is no longer shared. The alarmer's information sharing is unilateral sharing, which means that all monitoring personnel can view the alarmer's location information, but the alarmer cannot view the monitoring personnel's location information. The control program of the server includes a user center, a monitoring area receiving center, a monitoring area publishing center, a map center, a download center, a hardware control center and a database; The user center includes the addition, modification, deletion and permission allocation of users; the monitoring area receiving center includes the application of monitoring areas, the division of monitoring areas, the reception of information on meteorological disasters and geological disasters issued by government departments, the number allocation, and the machine confirmation of dangerous situations in monitoring areas; the monitoring area publishing center includes the publishing work after manual confirmation of dangerous situations in monitoring areas, as well as the release of dangerous situation levels and preliminary predictions of hazards in monitoring areas; the map center includes administrative division maps with longitude and latitude coordinates, topographic maps, monitoring area numbers, and map displays of monitoring areas; the download center is used to download mobile phone software and basic knowledge of various monitoring areas; the hardware control center controls the identification of hardware, the compilation of hardware unique numbers, and the processing after hardware damage. The disaster intelligent alarm terminal is processed as a hardware, and the damage of the hardware of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal is sent by the disaster intelligent alarm terminal to the hardware control center via a damage code; The database and the server complete communication; The monitoring area refers to an area with a high probability of geological disasters or meteorological disasters, or an area where elderly people or left-behind children are more likely to be harmed in their daily lives and production; The program of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal includes:

1. hardware identification and integration program; 2. preliminary identification program of early warning and forecast; 3. response program of early warning and forecast; In the hardware identification and integration program, after each type of hardware is damaged, a different damage code is displayed and sent to the server. When designing the PCB board, the independence of various sensor sockets needs to be considered. The damage of one sensor does not affect the operation of other sensors. The PCB board reserves sensor sockets to facilitate the replacement of different sensors. The preliminary identification program for early warning and forecasting refers to the program analyzing the hardware working information and then judging whether the program of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal meets the preliminary characteristics of the early warning and forecast. The response program for early warning and forecasting refers to the program of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal judging whether the preliminary characteristics of the early warning and forecast are met, or receiving the early warning information of meteorological disasters or geological disasters sent by the server, and activating the alarm device in the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The program of the communication base station is an existing program, and only the communication program with the server is added.

2. The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level according to claim 1 is characterized by: The disaster intelligent alarm terminal includes a 4G / 5G chip, a Wi-Fi chip, a gas sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, an alarm device, a memory, and a mainboard battery. The terminal is integrated on a PCB. Depending on the monitoring area and the monitoring object, the sensors integrated on the PCB may vary. The 4G / 5G chip is a well-known product, and the 4G / 5G chip communicates with the server and the communication base station; The gas sensors include but are not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, hydrocarbon gas, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide gas sensors. The gas sensors are selected according to the user's requirements; The temperature and humidity sensors include thermal resistance temperature sensors, thermocouple temperature sensors, electronic hygrometers and integrated temperature and humidity sensors; The smoke sensor includes a gas sensitive resistor sensor and an ion sensor; The alarm device includes but is not limited to a voice alarm device, a light alarm device, and a odor alarm device.

3. The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level according to claim 1 is characterized by: Mobile phone warning information notification refers to the use of mobile phones and servers to communicate and issue mobile phone warning information notifications between the server and the mobile phone, thereby preventing accidents. Mobile phone warning information notification consists of 7 steps, among which the 7th step is the call response mechanism: Step 1: Classify the monitored disasters into categories. Monitored disasters are divided into global disasters and local disasters according to the size of the affected area. Global disasters refer to disasters covering the entire administrative area of ​​the release, specifically:

1. Rainstorm disasters; 2. Urban flooding; 3. Geological disasters; 4. Mountain torrents; 5. Forest fires; 6. Earthquakes. Localized disasters include:

1. High-risk or observation areas for landslides, rockfalls, and mudslides; 2. Reservoir and river runoff areas; 3. Chemical solvent and flammable and explosive gas hazards in industrial and mining enterprises with high risks; electricity, water, gas, carbon monoxide hazards, flammable and explosive alcohol, and firewood hazards in elderly and widowed families and families with left-behind children. When localized disasters have not yet occurred, these disasters refer to potential disasters. Step 2: Specify the types of monitoring personnel. Monitoring personnel refers to the following six categories of personnel:

1. Server operation and maintenance personnel; 2. Disaster monitoring and investigation personnel and early warning personnel; 3. Personnel directly threatened by the disaster; 4. Close relatives of persons threatened by the disaster; 5. Personnel present in the local disaster area during the period when the early warning information is issued; 6. Personnel within the administrative area stored in the server; Step 3: Compile monitoring disaster codes for each type of monitored disaster, with global disaster codes designated as Class A and local disasters as Class B. All monitoring disaster codes are aggregated and stored in a database. The server connects with government departments with the obligation to monitor and investigate disasters. Global disasters do not need to be divided into disaster areas. When global disaster information is released, it is published to Category 5 and Category 6 monitoring personnel. Step 4: Divide the local disaster into disaster areas. The disaster area refers to the area affected by the local disaster, divided with the center point of the local disaster as a reference. When issuing local disaster warning information, the target audience is Category 1 to Category 5 monitoring personnel; Step 5: The server completes communication with the communication base station and the disaster intelligent alarm terminal. The video signal of the disaster intelligent alarm terminal is sent to the communication base station via the 4G or 5G chip, and then sent to the server by the communication base station. Disasters are dynamic and location information needs to be sent synchronously. Disasters are static and the server has pre-stored the specific location of the disaster area for disaster warning personnel and early warning personnel to conduct on-site inspections. Dynamic disasters refer to disasters whose location changes continuously over time, while static disasters refer to disasters whose location does not change over time. Step 6: Determination of Category 5 monitoring personnel. When a warning message is sent for a local disaster, the communication base station detects the coordinates of the mobile phone signal. The server compares the detected coordinates of the mobile phone signal with the area of ​​the disaster area. If the coordinates of the mobile phone signal are within the disaster area, the mobile phone number will receive the warning message. However, the warning message itself must meet the standards for sending warning messages. Mobile phone users who are not in the disaster area will not receive the warning message. Step 7: According to the characters of GB18030, set the standard voice for the characters of GB18030. After the mobile phone receives the text message, it converts the text message characters into voice according to the standard voice to remind the monitoring personnel. After receiving the voice, the monitoring personnel sends the feedback information to the server. The server marks the feedback information as read or unread by the monitoring personnel. If the monitoring personnel does not read it for a certain period of time, it will be sent again and voice prompts will be used. After three prompts, the phone call will be started to prompt to avoid disasters as much as possible. When the voice warning information uploaded by the monitoring personnel is in dialect and cannot be converted into standard voice, the monitoring personnel who receive the information cannot understand it and submit a request to convert it into Mandarin. Other monitoring personnel submit standard voice information and then convert it into standard voice.

4. The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level according to claim 1 is characterized by: Rockfall warning is accomplished using the following steps: Step 1: Pre-store a sound of stonefall and use it as the standard sound; Step 2: Set up an audio and video terminal in an area with a risk of rockfall. The audio and video terminal is used to shoot a video that includes voice information. The 5G chip communicates with the server and sends the video signal to the server. Step 3: The server presets a minimum decibel level for monitoring rockfalls. When the external sound exceeds the minimum decibel level, the server compares and analyzes the pre-stored standard sound with the audio information in the received rockfall video using sound similarity software. Step 4: When the server analyzes the audio of the rockfall video and finds that it is not rockfall, it stops the analysis. If it finds rockfall, it starts continuous analysis. If there are three or more consecutive rockfall sounds, a text message warning is sent. The text message warning is also sent to the monitoring personnel's mobile phone. The server transmits the video surveillance screen to the mobile phone to remind the monitoring personnel that this is a machine warning. Step 5: As long as any monitoring personnel checks the surveillance video, they can start the disaster alarm program. The disaster alarm buttons are divided into general disaster, emergency disaster, and non-disaster buttons. After checking, the monitoring personnel can select the non-disaster button or not select it. The process will be handled as non-disaster and the next step will not be entered. When the monitoring personnel select general disaster or emergency disaster, they will enter the next step; Step 6: If the monitoring personnel selects a general disaster, the mobile phone will report the general disaster to the server, and the server will notify the general disaster handling personnel to handle it. When the monitoring personnel selects an emergency disaster, the emergency disaster information will be reported to the server, and the server will notify the emergency disaster handling department and handle it, and send an emergency disaster notification to the monitoring personnel's mobile phone. Compared with the machine warning, the emergency disaster notification is more harsh and will continue until the monitoring personnel chooses to close the alarm to prevent the monitoring personnel from getting into danger.

5. The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level according to claim 1 is characterized by: Landslide early warning is accomplished using the following steps: Step 1: First, preliminarily delineate high-risk areas for landslides, and then set up monitoring heads in the high-risk areas. The PCB board of the monitoring head integrates a 4G / 5G chip, audio and video terminals, and the video acquisition device of the monitoring head needs to be fixed. The reference picture taken and the intercepted picture are convenient for RGB color comparison; Step 2: Take a picture of a high-risk area as a reference picture; Step 3: Intercept the captured images at regular intervals and compare them with the reference images. If striped color changes occur, it indicates that cracks may have occurred. The cracks must be ≥300cm in length and ≥0.5cm in width. After the software analyzes and concludes that there are cracks, the server issues an early warning sound. The monitoring personnel then confirm the cracks through video and on-site confirmation. The cracks are then marked as cracks and the reference images are updated. For high-risk areas with cracks, if on-site confirmation indicates that no special treatment is required or the cost of special treatment is too high, the software will continue to monitor the areas. If the software analyzes that the cracks are expanding, if the weather is bad and the analysis shows that there is a risk of landslide, the user will be notified to evacuate via text message. The striped color change refers to comparing the RGB values ​​of the reference image and the RGB values ​​of the captured image, and calculating the difference between the two colors using one of the following two methods: The first method is Euclidean distance calculation, which expresses the deviation by calculating the Euclidean distance between two colors in three-dimensional space. Suppose there are two sets of RGB color values ​​(R1, G1, B1) and (R2, G2, B2). The Euclidean distance between them is calculated by the following formula: [ \Delta E = \sqrt{(R2 - R1)^2 + (G2 - G1)^2 + (B2 - B1)^2} ], and the larger the calculated \Delta E, the greater the difference between the two colors. The second method is CIE Delta E calculation, also known as ΔE*ab calculation. ΔE*ab is based on the color difference formula defined by CIE. The conversion process from RGB to CIELAB color space is as follows: Process 1: Convert RGB values ​​from 0-255 range to 0-1 range; Step 2: Apply the conversion matrix from RGB to XYZ color space; Process 3: Convert XYZ color space to CIELAB color space; Process 4: Finally, the ΔE*ab value between the two colors is calculated, where CIE refers to the International Commission on Illumination.

6. The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level according to claim 1 or claim 2 is characterized by: The disaster intelligent alarm terminal comprises a power cord (1), a 4G / 5G chip (2), a PCB board (3), a switch (4), a power module (5), a temperature and humidity sensor (6), a relay (7), a smoke sensor (8), an alarm indicator light (9), a gas sensor (10), a buzzer (11), a call button (12), a display screen (13), a CPU (14), a power indicator light (15), and a working status indicator light (16); The disaster intelligent alarm terminal is a box-type structure, and its power line (1) is externally connected to an industrial frequency power supply; a PCB board (3) is installed inside the box-type structure, and the PCB board (3) is composed of five modules: a power module, a communication module, an OS module, a relay module, and a sensor socket; The power supply module is a module that coordinates the operation of the power supply, the mainboard battery and the uninterruptible power supply. The power supply is transformed, rectified and filtered to obtain a 12V DC voltage to provide power for the system. In the event of a power outage, the mainboard battery ensures that the stored data will not be lost due to the power outage, especially the important parameter settings, to prevent unnecessary trouble caused by the power outage. The mainboard battery is a button-shaped lithium battery. The uninterruptible power supply mainly continues to provide power support after the power supply fails. The uninterruptible power supply is a battery. The uninterruptible power supply and the power supply part switch with each other and cannot supply power at the same time. Both the OS module and the uninterruptible power supply have detection circuits. The working process of the detection circuit is that after the power supply is restored, it will not immediately supply power to other modules on the PCB board. Instead, it will first detect whether the uninterruptible power supply has stopped supplying power. Only after the uninterruptible power supply stops supplying power will the power supply start supplying power. The detection circuit of the uninterruptible power supply has the same working principle as the detection circuit of the OS module. After detecting that the power supply stops supplying power, the uninterruptible power supply starts supplying power. For safety reasons, a hysteresis delay technology is adopted when switching between the power supply and the uninterruptible power supply to prevent high voltage from damaging various electronic components on the PCB board. The communication module manages and coordinates the 4G / 5G chip and the Wi-Fi chip. When there is no 4G / 5G signal, the 4G mode is reduced to 2G mode, providing the most basic voice call service and short message sending. The OS module is an operating system module. The operating system of the alarm device is a real-time operating system. After receiving an operation instruction, the real-time operating system can respond within 1 / 18 of a microsecond. The OS module has a comparison function. After the sensor is installed in the sensor socket, the sensor will be saved as a hardware list. After each subsequent startup, the sensor status will be detected. The sensor socket adopts hot start, and all sensors will cycle through the "start-detection-exit-start-detection" process. The above process is to detect whether the sensor is damaged at any time. When the sensor is in working state and detection data appears, the above process is terminated to prevent continuous operation. This is different from ordinary hot plugging. When the OS module detects a dangerous situation, it first passes through the relay module, which activates the alarm indicator light (9), the buzzer (11), and the working status indicator light (16) to indicate that the system is alarming, thereby playing an alarm role. In this way, no matter what type of sensor is set, the alarm can be activated by the relay module, and the alarm voices activated by different sensors are recognized by MP3; The working mechanism of the call button (12) is as follows: when the disaster intelligent alarm terminal detects a situation requiring early warning, the alarm indicator light (9), the buzzer (11), and the working status indicator light (16) are activated; when the call button (12) is short pressed, the alarm indicator light (9), the buzzer (11), and the working status indicator light (16) stop working; when the call button (12) is long pressed for more than 2 seconds, an emergency call number is dialed to the server, and the emergency call number is set in the server; The sensor socket is used to connect various sensors. The sensor socket adopts a universal sensor socket, which is convenient for replacing various sensors.

7. The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level according to claim 1 or claim 2 is characterized by: Gas sensor warning means, Alarms are issued based on the minimum or maximum limit of the gas sensor. The gas sensor is connected to the monitoring network, the gas sensor is connected to the 4G / 5G chip, and the concentration data measured by the gas sensor is input into the 4G / 5G chip. The high and low limits are set according to the corresponding gas. When the server receives a low limit alarm signal, it notifies the user's preset mobile phone to send an alarm message. When the server receives a high limit alarm signal, it starts the village broadcast to send an early warning signal and sends early warning text messages to the neighbors' mobile phones to remind them to help check. At the same time, manual monitoring is started and nearby public welfare rescue organizations or fire brigades are notified to carry out rescue.

8. The monitoring, early warning and response system for comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level according to claim 1 or claim 2 is characterized by: The odor alarm device is an ethyl mercaptan alarm, which is installed in the homes of blind and deaf people. The ethyl mercaptan alarm has an ethyl mercaptan container, which is diluted with alcohol. The alarm is to use a motor to loosen the valve of the ethyl mercaptan container, allowing a certain amount of ethyl mercaptan to flow out and then immediately close it. When ethyl mercaptan is replaced by gas or liquid, it is necessary to use irritating but non-toxic gas or liquid.

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