Dam centrifugal test model reservoir water level controllable adjusting device and method

Abstract

The application provides a dam centrifugal test model reservoir water level controllable adjusting device and method, relates to the geotechnical centrifugal model test technical field, and includes a model box. An overburden dam model is arranged at one end in the model box. A placeholder box is arranged at the end away from the overburden dam model in the model box. A guide positioning mechanism is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the model box. When the hydraulic actuator is started and frequently lifted or lowered, the generated vibration is transmitted to the elastic connecting mechanism. The support of the first support platform in the elastic connecting mechanism is matched with the second buffer platform, the second buffer spring and the elastic damping of the movable connecting rod, and the fine adjustment of the third working platform and the precision guide rail pair. The high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value is significantly inhibited, water level fluctuation distortion is avoided, and the reliability of test data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical centrifuge model testing technology, specifically to a controllable adjustment device and method for the water level of a dam centrifuge test model reservoir. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water conservancy engineering, the safe and stable operation of concrete-faced rockfill dams is closely related to changes in reservoir water level. Dam deformation is mainly divided into three stages: filling, concentrated water storage, and stable operation. During the stable operation stage, the periodic rise and fall of reservoir water level generates water circulation loads. These low-frequency periodic loads exacerbate the phenomenon of voids in the concrete face, especially when the dam foundation has a deep overburden layer. This can also have a more serious impact on the service life of key seepage-proof structures such as cutoff walls and toe slabs, threatening the safety of the dam.

[0003] In existing technologies, a single hydraulic actuator is used to directly drive the lifting and lowering of the water storage tank. However, this structure suffers from insufficient stability under ultra-high gravity field conditions, especially when high-frequency water level changes occur, which can easily cause vibrations and reduce the reliability of the data. Therefore, we have made improvements and proposed a controllable adjustment device and method for the water level of a dam centrifugal test model reservoir. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a controllable adjustment device and method for the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir for dams. This solves the problem that existing technologies use a single hydraulic actuator to directly drive the water tank to rise and fall, which results in insufficient stability in ultra-high gravity environments. In particular, this structure is prone to vibration during high-frequency water level changes, reducing the reliability of the data.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a controllable water level adjustment device and method for a dam centrifugal test model reservoir, comprising a model box, wherein a dam model with a cover layer is provided at one end of the model box, and a placeholder box is provided at the end of the model box away from the dam model with the cover layer. A guide positioning mechanism is fixedly installed at the bottom of the model box, and a hydraulic actuator is fixedly installed at both ends of the guide positioning mechanism. The output end of the hydraulic actuator is connected to a water storage tank through an elastic connection mechanism. The water storage tank is connected to the placeholder box through a water supply pipe, and a plurality of multi-stage water level regulating valves are provided on the water supply pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the guiding and positioning mechanism includes a limiting platform and a base;

[0007] Both ends of the limiting platform and the base are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the hydraulic actuator.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting platform and the center of the base are arranged in a linear array with two auxiliary sliding rods, and a main sliding rod is fixedly installed between the two auxiliary sliding rods. An elliptical limiting platform is fixedly installed at the end of the auxiliary sliding rod and the main sliding rod away from the limiting platform and the base.

[0009] Preferably, a rubber damping layer is provided on the outer surface of the end of the main slide rod near the elliptical limiting platform, and a spring is fixedly installed on one side surface of both the elliptical limiting platform and the limiting platform, and is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the main slide rod.

[0010] Preferably, a C-shaped movable platform is movably mounted on the outer surface of the auxiliary slide rod and the main slide rod, and both ends of the C-shaped movable platform are connected to an elastic connecting mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the flexible connection mechanism includes a primary support platform;

[0012] The primary support platform is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic actuator on one side center, and the outer surface of the primary support platform is connected to the C-shaped movable platform.

[0013] Preferably, the primary support platform has several movable connecting rods arranged in a circular array on the side away from the hydraulic actuator, and several second buffer springs arranged in a circular array on the side away from the hydraulic actuator. A secondary buffer platform is fixedly installed on the end of the movable connecting rods and the second buffer springs away from the primary support platform.

[0014] Preferably, the side of the secondary buffer platform away from the movable connecting rod and the second buffer spring is connected to the tertiary working platform via a precision guide rail pair, and the side of the tertiary working platform away from the precision guide rail pair is connected to a water storage tank via a spherical hinge end.

[0015] Preferably, the water storage tank has several horizontal baffles vertically arranged inside, and each of the horizontal baffles has several through slots. The through slots in each layer of the horizontal baffles are staggered. Two rectangular limiting rods are fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the model box. A water level monitoring camera is arranged at the center of the side of each rectangular limiting rod near the model box. The water level monitoring camera is installed directly above the spacer box.

[0016] A method for controllable adjustment of water level in a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam, characterized by the following operational steps;

[0017] By activating the hydraulic actuator, the vibrations generated during frequent lifting or lowering are transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism. The support of the primary support platform, the secondary buffer platform, the elastic damping of the second buffer spring and the movable connecting rod, and the fine adjustment of the precision guide rail pair of the tertiary working platform in the elastic connection mechanism significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g values, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and absorb and mitigate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0018] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform in the guide positioning mechanism is connected to the primary support platform and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide rod and the main slide rod. At this time, the auxiliary slide rod and the main slide rod can prevent the lifting and lowering of the water tank from changing the position of the center of gravity of the entire system. The rubber damping layer set on the main slide rod and the springs installed at both ends can dampen the vibration, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time avoid equipment overshoot.

[0019] The water supply pipe is equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves, each with a different opening size. By manually rotating the valves, different valves can be opened to achieve precise control of the water flow rate and improve the reliability of the test data.

[0020] The overburden dam model is constructed from materials such as soil, stone, and concrete, and is placed inside a model box. The upstream side of the overburden dam model represents the reservoir area, where a berth box is located. This berth box consists of a horizontal base plate, three vertical side plates, and one inclined side plate. The box is waterproof, while the base plate and inclined side plate are transparent. A water level monitoring camera is installed inside the box to monitor the reservoir water level. The upper surface of the berth box is connected to fixing rods via bolts, which in turn are bolted to the model box. The inclined side plate is parallel to the upstream dam slope, with a narrow gap between them. The horizontal base plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, also with a narrow gap between them. Under a hypergravity field of g to g', water can be injected into the narrow gaps to apply a water load to the dam body. This method significantly reduces the amount of water in the reservoir, minimizing the change in the center of mass caused by changes in reservoir water level, thereby reducing the unbalanced forces during centrifuge operation.

[0021] A water storage tank is located on the outside of the model box. The tank consists of four vertical side plates and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator is installed on the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water storage tank through a flange. A water inlet is provided on the side wall of the water storage tank near the bottom plate. A water inlet is also provided on the side wall of the model box, located between the bottom plate of the occupant box and the overburden dam model. The water storage tank and the water inlet on the side wall of the model box are connected by a water pipe.

[0022] Before the experiment begins, the hydraulic actuator must be retracted, and a certain amount of water must be injected into the storage tank so that the water level is level with the bottom of the pre-reserved inclined slit in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and reaches the target centrifugal acceleration, the hydraulic actuator shaft is extended vertically. As the storage tank rises, the water inside flows into the pre-reserved slit in the model box, and the water level in the slit gradually rises, thus simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, the water level can be simulated by retracting the hydraulic actuator vertically. As the storage tank moves downward, the water in the pre-reserved slit flows into the reservoir tank, and the water level in the slit gradually decreases, thus simulating the precipitation process. The rate of rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic actuator, the periodic rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be simulated.

[0023] This invention provides a controllable water level adjustment device and method for a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] First, by activating the hydraulic actuator, the vibrations generated by the frequent lifting or lowering of the hydraulic actuator are transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism. At this time, the support of the first-level support platform in the elastic connection mechanism, together with the second-level buffer platform, the elastic damping of the second buffer spring and the movable connecting rod, and the fine adjustment of the third-level working platform and the precision guide rail pair, significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g values, avoids water level fluctuation distortion, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and mitigate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0025] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform in the guide positioning mechanism is connected to the primary support platform and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide rod and the main slide rod. At this time, the auxiliary slide rod and the main slide rod can prevent the lifting and lowering of the water tank from changing the position of the center of gravity of the entire system. The rubber damping layer set on the main slide rod and the springs installed at both ends can dampen the vibration, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time avoid equipment overshoot.

[0026] The water supply pipe is equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves, each with a different opening size. By manually rotating the valves, different valves can be opened to achieve precise control of the water flow rate and improve the reliability of the test data. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the multi-stage water level regulating valve in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the hydraulic actuator in this invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the hydraulic actuator in this invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the water storage tank in this invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the water storage tank in this invention;

[0034] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-section at point AA.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Model box; 2. Overburden dam model; 3. Placement box; 4. Water level monitoring camera; 5. Water storage tank; 6. Hydraulic actuator; 7. Water supply pipe; 8. Rectangular limit rod; 9. Elastic connection mechanism; 901. Three-stage working platform; 902. Two-stage buffer platform; 903. One-stage support platform; 904. Spherical hinge end; 905. Precision guide rail pair; 906. Second buffer spring; 907. Movable connecting rod; 10. Guide positioning mechanism; 1001. Limiting platform; 1002. Attached slide rod; 1003. Base; 1004. Elliptical limiting platform; 1005. Spring; 1006. C-shaped movable platform; 1007. Main slide rod; 1008. Rubber shock-absorbing layer; 11. Multi-stage water level regulating valve; 12. Horizontal baffle; 13. Through groove. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example:

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a controllable water level adjustment device and method for a dam centrifugal test model reservoir, including a model box 1. A dam model 2 with a cover layer is set at one end of the model box 1. A placeholder box 3 is set at the end of the model box 1 away from the dam model 2 with the cover layer. A guide positioning mechanism 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the model box 1. A hydraulic actuator 6 is fixedly installed at both ends of the guide positioning mechanism 10. The output end of the hydraulic actuator 6 is connected to a water storage tank 5 through an elastic connection mechanism 9. The water storage tank 5 is connected to the placeholder box 3 through a water supply pipe 7. Several multi-stage water level regulating valves 11 are set on the water supply pipe 7.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the guiding and positioning mechanism 10 includes a limiting platform 1001 and a base 1003;

[0040] Both ends of the limiting platform 1001 and the base 1003 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the hydraulic actuator 6. Two auxiliary slide rods 1002 are arranged in a linear array at the center of the limiting platform 1001 and the base 1003. A main slide rod 1007 is fixedly installed between the two auxiliary slide rods 1002. An elliptical limiting platform 1004 is fixedly installed at the end of the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007 away from the limiting platform 1001 and the base 1003. A rubber shock-absorbing layer 1008 is provided on the outer surface of the end of the main slide rod 1007 near the elliptical limiting platform 1004. A spring 1005 is fixedly installed on one side surface of the elliptical limiting platform 1004 and the limiting platform 1001, and is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the main slide rod 1007. A C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably installed on the outer surface of the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007. Both ends of the C-shaped movable platform 1006 are connected to elastic connecting mechanisms 9.

[0041] like Figures 4 to 5 As shown, the elastic connection mechanism 9 includes a primary support platform 903;

[0042] One side of the primary support platform 903 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic actuator 6. The outer surface of the primary support platform 903 is connected to the C-shaped movable platform 1006. Several movable connecting rods 907 are arranged in a circular array on the side of the primary support platform 903 away from the hydraulic actuator 6. Several second buffer springs 906 are arranged in a circular array on the side of the primary support platform 903 away from the hydraulic actuator 6. A secondary buffer platform 902 is fixedly mounted on the end of the movable connecting rods 907 and the second buffer springs 906 away from the primary support platform 903. A tertiary working platform 901 is connected to the side of the secondary buffer platform 902 away from the movable connecting rods 907 and the second buffer springs 906 through a precision guide rail pair 905. A water storage tank 5 is connected to the side of the tertiary working platform 901 away from the precision guide rail pair 905 through a spherical hinge end 904.

[0043] like Figure 3 , Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the water storage tank 5 has several horizontal baffles 12 vertically arranged inside, and several through slots 13 are opened inside each of the horizontal baffles 12. The through slots 13 opened inside each layer of horizontal baffles 12 are staggered. Two rectangular limiting rods 8 are fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the model box 1. A water level monitoring camera 4 is arranged at the center of the side of each rectangular limiting rod 8 near the model box 1. The water level monitoring camera 4 is installed directly above the spacer box 3.

[0044] A method for controllable adjustment of water level in a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam, characterized by the following operational steps;

[0045] By activating the hydraulic actuator 6, the vibrations generated by the frequent lifting or lowering of the hydraulic actuator 6 are transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism 9. At this time, the support of the first-level support platform 903 in the elastic connection mechanism 9, together with the elastic damping of the second-level buffer platform 902, the second buffer spring 906 and the movable connecting rod 907, and the fine adjustment of the precision guide rail pair 905 in conjunction with the third-level working platform 901, significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g values, avoids water level fluctuation distortion, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0046] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 in the guide positioning mechanism 10 is connected to the primary support platform 903 and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007. At this time, the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007 can prevent the lifting and lowering of the water tank from changing the position of the center of gravity of the entire system. The rubber damping layer 1008 set on the main slide rod 1007 and the springs 1005 installed at both ends can dampen the vibration, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time avoid equipment overshoot.

[0047] The water supply pipe 7 is equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves 11, each with a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to select which valves to open, thereby achieving precise control of the water flow rate and improving the reliability of the test data.

[0048] This invention provides a controllable water level adjustment device and method for a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] First, by activating the hydraulic actuator 6, the vibrations generated by the hydraulic actuator 6 during frequent lifting or lowering are transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism 9. At this time, the support of the primary support platform 903 in the elastic connection mechanism 9, together with the elastic damping of the secondary buffer platform 902, the second buffer spring 906 and the movable connecting rod 907, and the fine adjustment of the precision guide rail pair 905 in conjunction with the tertiary working platform 901, significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g values, avoids water level fluctuation distortion, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0050] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 in the guide positioning mechanism 10 is connected to the primary support platform 903 and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007. At this time, the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007 can prevent the lifting and lowering of the water tank from changing the position of the center of gravity of the entire system. The rubber damping layer 1008 set on the main slide rod 1007 and the springs 1005 installed at both ends can dampen the vibration, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time avoid equipment overshoot.

[0051] The water supply pipe 7 is equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves 11, each with a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to select which valves to open, thereby achieving precise control of the water flow rate and improving the reliability of the test data.

[0052] The overburden dam model 2, constructed from materials such as soil, stone, and concrete, is placed inside model box 1. The upstream side of the overburden dam model 2 is the reservoir area, where a berth box 3 is located. The berth box 3 consists of a horizontal base plate, three vertical side plates, and one inclined side plate. The box is waterproof, while the base plate and inclined side plate are transparent. A water level monitoring camera 4 is installed inside the box to monitor the reservoir water level. The upper surface of the berth box is connected to fixing rods via bolts, and the fixing rods are connected to the model box via bolts. The inclined side plate is parallel to the upstream dam slope, with a narrow gap between them. The horizontal base plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, also with a narrow gap between them. Under a hypergravity field of 100g to 200g, water can be injected into the narrow gaps to apply a water load to the dam body. This method can significantly reduce the water volume in the reservoir area, reduce the change in the center of mass caused by changes in reservoir water level, and thus reduce the unbalanced force during centrifuge operation.

[0053] A water storage tank 5 is provided on the outside of the model box. The tank consists of four vertical side plates and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator 6 is installed on the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water storage tank 5 through a flange. The side wall of the water storage tank 5 near the bottom plate has a water inlet. The side wall of the model box also has a water inlet, located between the bottom plate of the occupant box 3 and the overburden dam model 2. The water storage tank 5 and the side wall water inlet of the model box 1 are connected by a water pipe.

[0054] Before the experiment begins, the hydraulic actuator 6 needs to be retracted, and a certain amount of water needs to be injected into the water tank 5 so that the water level is level with the bottom of the pre-reserved inclined slit in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and reaches the target centrifugal acceleration, the shaft of the hydraulic actuator 6 is extended vertically. As the water tank 5 rises, the water in the tank flows into the pre-reserved slit in the model box, and the water level in the slit gradually rises, thus simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, the water level can be simulated by retracting the hydraulic actuator 6 vertically. As the water tank 5 moves down, the water in the pre-reserved slit flows into the reservoir water tank, and the water level in the slit gradually decreases, thus simulating the precipitation process. The rate of rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic actuator 5, the periodic rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be simulated.

[0055] Working principle:

[0056] First, by activating the hydraulic actuator 6, the vibrations generated by the hydraulic actuator 6 during frequent lifting or lowering are transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism 9. At this time, the support of the primary support platform 903 in the elastic connection mechanism 9, together with the elastic damping of the secondary buffer platform 902, the second buffer spring 906 and the movable connecting rod 907, and the fine adjustment of the precision guide rail pair 905 in conjunction with the tertiary working platform 901, significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g values, avoids water level fluctuation distortion, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0057] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 in the guide positioning mechanism 10 is connected to the primary support platform 903 and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007. At this time, the auxiliary slide rod 1002 and the main slide rod 1007 can prevent the lifting and lowering of the water tank from changing the position of the center of gravity of the entire system. The rubber damping layer 1008 set on the main slide rod 1007 and the springs 1005 installed at both ends can dampen the vibration, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time avoid equipment overshoot.

[0058] The water supply pipe 7 is equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves 11, each with a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to select which valves to open, thereby achieving precise control of the water flow rate and improving the reliability of the test data.

[0059] The overburden dam model 2, constructed from materials such as soil, stone, and concrete, is placed inside model box 1. The upstream side of the overburden dam model 2 is the reservoir area, where a berth box 3 is located. The berth box 3 consists of a horizontal base plate, three vertical side plates, and one inclined side plate. The box is waterproof, while the base plate and inclined side plate are transparent. A water level monitoring camera 4 is installed inside the box to monitor the reservoir water level. The upper surface of the berth box is connected to fixing rods via bolts, and the fixing rods are connected to the model box via bolts. The inclined side plate is parallel to the upstream dam slope, with a narrow gap between them. The horizontal base plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, also with a narrow gap between them. Under a hypergravity field of 100g to 200g, water can be injected into the narrow gaps to apply a water load to the dam body. This method can significantly reduce the water volume in the reservoir area, reduce the change in the center of mass caused by changes in reservoir water level, and thus reduce the unbalanced force during centrifuge operation.

[0060] A water storage tank 5 is provided on the outside of the model box. The tank consists of four vertical side plates and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator 6 is installed on the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water storage tank 5 through a flange. The side wall of the water storage tank 5 near the bottom plate has a water inlet. The side wall of the model box also has a water inlet, located between the bottom plate of the occupant box 3 and the overburden dam model 2. The water storage tank 5 and the side wall water inlet of the model box 1 are connected by a water pipe.

[0061] Before the experiment begins, the hydraulic actuator 6 needs to be retracted, and a certain amount of water needs to be injected into the water tank 5 so that the water level is level with the bottom of the pre-reserved inclined slit in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and reaches the target centrifugal acceleration, the shaft of the hydraulic actuator 6 is extended vertically. As the water tank 5 rises, the water in the tank flows into the pre-reserved slit in the model box, and the water level in the slit gradually rises, thus simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, the water level can be simulated by retracting the hydraulic actuator 6 vertically. As the water tank 5 moves down, the water in the pre-reserved slit flows into the reservoir water tank, and the water level in the slit gradually decreases, thus simulating the precipitation process. The rate of rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic actuator 5, the periodic rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be simulated.

[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable water level adjustment device for a dam centrifugal test model reservoir, comprising a model box (1), characterized in that: The model box (1) has a cover layer dam model (2) at one end inside, and a placeholder box (3) at the end of the model box (1) away from the cover layer dam model (2). A guide positioning mechanism (10) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the model box (1). A hydraulic actuator (6) is fixedly installed at both ends of the guide positioning mechanism (10). The output end of the hydraulic actuator (6) is connected to a water storage tank (5) through an elastic connection mechanism (9). The water storage tank (5) is connected to the placeholder box (3) through a water supply pipe (7). Several multi-stage water level regulating valves (11) are installed on the water supply pipe (7). The guiding and positioning mechanism (10) includes a limiting platform (1001) and a base (1003). Both ends of the limiting platform (1001) and the base (1003) are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the hydraulic actuator (6); The center of the limiting platform (1001) and the base (1003) is arranged in a linear array with two auxiliary slide rods (1002). A main slide rod (1007) is fixedly installed between the two auxiliary slide rods (1002). An elliptical limiting platform (1004) is fixedly installed at the end of the auxiliary slide rods (1002) and the main slide rod (1007) away from the limiting platform (1001) and the base (1003). A rubber damping layer (1008) is provided on the outer surface of the main slide rod (1007) near the elliptical limiting platform (1004). A spring (1005) is fixedly installed on one side surface of both the elliptical limiting platform (1004) and the limiting platform (1001), and is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the main slide rod (1007). A C-shaped movable platform (1006) is movably mounted on the outer surface of the auxiliary slide rod (1002) and the main slide rod (1007), and both ends of the C-shaped movable platform (1006) are connected to elastic connecting mechanisms (9). The elastic connection mechanism (9) includes a primary support platform (903); The center of one side of the primary support platform (903) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the hydraulic actuator (6), and the outer surface of the primary support platform (903) is connected to the C-type movable platform (1006). The primary support platform (903) has several movable connecting rods (907) arranged in a circular array on the side away from the hydraulic actuator (6). The primary support platform (903) has several second buffer springs (906) arranged in a circular array on the side away from the hydraulic actuator (6). The movable connecting rods (907) and the second buffer springs (906) are fixedly installed with a secondary buffer platform (902) at the end away from the primary support platform (903). The secondary buffer platform (902) is connected to the third-level working platform (901) on the side away from the movable connecting rod (907) and the second buffer spring (906) via a precision guide rail pair (905). The third-level working platform (901) is connected to the water storage tank (5) on the side away from the precision guide rail pair (905) via a spherical hinge end (904).

2. The controllable water level adjustment device for a dam centrifugal test model reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage tank (5) has several horizontal baffles (12) arranged vertically inside. Several through slots (13) are opened inside each of the horizontal baffles (12). The through slots (13) opened inside each layer of the horizontal baffles (12) are staggered. Two rectangular limiting rods (8) are fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the model box (1). A water level monitoring camera (4) is set at the center of the side of each rectangular limiting rod (8) near the model box (1). The water level monitoring camera (4) is installed directly above the spacer box (3).

3. A method for controllable adjustment of water level in a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam, characterized in that: The following steps are included; By activating the hydraulic actuator (6), the vibration generated by the hydraulic actuator (6) during frequent lifting or lowering will be transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism (9). At this time, the support of the first-level support platform (903) in the elastic connection mechanism (9), the elastic damping of the second-level buffer platform (902), the second buffer spring (906) and the movable connecting rod (907), and the fine adjustment of the third-level working platform (901) and the precision guide pair (905) significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing the wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system. During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-type movable platform (1006) in the guide positioning mechanism (10) and the first-level support platform (903) will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-type movable platform (1006) is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide rod (1002) and the main slide rod (1007). At this time, the auxiliary slide rod (1002) and the main slide rod (1007) can prevent the lifting and lowering of the water tank from changing the position of the center of gravity of the entire system. The rubber damping layer (1008) set on the main slide rod (1007) and the springs (1005) installed at both ends can dampen the vibration, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoid water level fluctuation distortion, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time avoid equipment overshoot. The water supply pipe (7) is equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves (11), each of which has a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to select which valves to open, thereby achieving precise control of the water flow rate and improving the reliability of the test data. The overburden dam model (2) is made of materials such as soil, stone, and concrete and is placed in the model box (1). The upstream side of the overburden dam model (2) is the reservoir area, and a berth box (3) is set up. The berth box (3) is composed of a horizontal bottom plate, three vertical side plates and one inclined side plate. The box is impermeable, while the bottom plate and inclined side plate are transparent. A water level monitoring camera (4) is set up inside the box to monitor the water level in the reservoir area. The upper surface of the berth box is connected to the fixing rod by bolts, and the fixing rod is connected to the model box by bolts. The inclined side plate is parallel to the upstream dam slope, and a slit is reserved between the two. The horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, and a slit is also reserved between the two. Under a hypergravity field of 100g to 200g, water can be injected into the slit to apply a water load to the dam body. In this way, the amount of water in the reservoir area can be significantly reduced, the change in the centrifuge center caused by the change in the reservoir water level can be reduced, thereby reducing the unbalanced force when the centrifuge is running. A water storage tank (5) is provided on the outside of the model box. The box is composed of four vertical side plates and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator (6) is installed on the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water storage tank (5) through a flange. The side wall of the water storage tank (5) near the bottom plate is provided with a water supply hole. The side wall of the model box is also provided with a water supply hole, located between the bottom plate of the occupant box (3) and the overburden dam model (2). The water storage tank (5) and the side wall water supply hole of the model box (1) are connected by a water supply pipe. Before the experiment begins, the hydraulic actuator (6) needs to be retracted and a certain amount of water needs to be injected into the water tank (5) so that the water surface is level with the bottom of the reserved inclined slit in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and the target centrifugal acceleration is reached, the shaft of the hydraulic actuator (6) is controlled to extend vertically. As the water tank (5) rises, the water in the tank flows into the reserved slit in the model box, and the water level in the slit gradually rises, thus simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, the water level can be simulated by controlling the hydraulic actuator (6) to retract vertically. As the water tank (5) moves down, the water in the reserved slit flows into the reservoir water tank, and the water level in the slit gradually decreases, thus simulating the precipitation process. The rate of rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic actuator (5), the periodic rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be simulated.

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