A single slope tunnel high-end tunnel portal slope drainage system and drainage and construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a slope-following drainage system and drainage and construction method for the high-end portal of a single-slope tunnel. When the high-end portal of a single-slope tunnel passes through soluble rock or highly water-rich areas, slope-following construction is generally required. This invention includes a main cross tunnel construction section and a secondary cross tunnel construction section for the main tunnel portal requiring slope-following construction. One end of the main cross tunnel connects to the lowest point of the main tunnel section requiring slope-following construction, and the other end connects to a short inclined shaft and a drainage tunnel. One end of the secondary cross tunnel connects to the lowest point of the secondary cross tunnel construction section of the main tunnel, and the other end connects to the middle position of the main cross tunnel. One end of the short inclined shaft connects to the main cross tunnel and the drainage tunnel, and the other end is a surface inclined shaft opening. One end of the drainage tunnel connects to the main cross tunnel and the short inclined shaft, and the other end is a surface drainage tunnel opening. This invention utilizes a combination of cross tunnels, drainage tunnels, and short inclined shafts for construction. The connection between the cross tunnels and the short inclined shafts enables material transportation and construction ventilation, and the drainage tunnel serves as a drainage outlet, thereby achieving slope-following construction of the high-end portal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction technology, specifically relating to a slope drainage system and drainage and construction method for a high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] When the high-end portal of a single-slope tunnel passes through soluble rock or highly water-rich strata, it is generally required to construct along the slope to reduce the risk of sudden water inrush. There are two common practices: one is to construct along the slope from the low-end portal using the main tunnel, cross tunnel, or pilot tunnel, which is suitable for short tunnels, but for long tunnels, the construction period is difficult to guarantee; the other is to set up a cross tunnel at the high-end portal and reverse-construct the section that needs to be along the slope, which is suitable when the reverse-construction section is close to the portal. Therefore, for long single-slope tunnels, where the distance between the high-end section that needs to be along the slope and the portal is relatively long, such as setting up a long cross tunnel (>5km), the project is difficult to implement due to limitations in ventilation technology (the length of a single-head ventilation system is generally no more than 5km) and construction period, which restricts the development of tunnel engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a slope drainage system and drainage and construction method for the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel. It utilizes a combination of cross tunnels, drainage tunnels, and short inclined shafts for construction. The cross tunnels and short inclined shafts are connected to realize material transportation and construction ventilation, and the drainage tunnels can serve as drainage outlets, thereby enabling slope construction at the high-end entrance.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A slope-following drainage system for the high-end portal of a single-slope tunnel includes the main tunnel section requiring slope construction at the high-end portal, the main cross tunnel, the auxiliary cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft, and the drainage tunnel;

[0006] The high-end tunnel entrance requires downslope construction of the main tunnel section, which includes the main cross tunnel construction section and the auxiliary cross tunnel construction section.

[0007] One end of the main cross tunnel is connected to the lowest point of the main tunnel section that needs to be constructed along the slope, and the other end is connected to the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel.

[0008] One end of the branch tunnel is connected to the lowest point of the branch tunnel construction section of the main tunnel, and the other end is connected to the middle of the main tunnel.

[0009] One end of the short inclined shaft is connected to the main horizontal tunnel and the drainage tunnel, and the other end is the surface inclined shaft opening; one end of the drainage tunnel is connected to the main horizontal tunnel and the short inclined shaft, and the other end is the surface drainage tunnel opening.

[0010] Furthermore, the spillway serves as a drainage channel.

[0011] Further, for the high-end tunnel entrance, the uphill slope of the main tunnel section needs to be constructed along the slope, and the slope is determined according to the gradient of the line.

[0012] Further short inclined shafts will utilize trackless transportation as material transport and ventilation ducts.

[0013] Further fresh air enters through the opening of the short inclined shaft, passes through the branch cross tunnel and the main cross tunnel, and then enters the main tunnel.

[0014] A slope-following drainage method for the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel, specifically as follows:

[0015] During the construction of the drainage tunnel entrance and tunnel body, the drainage was discharged out of the drainage tunnel through the tunnel's own slope;

[0016] During the construction of the short inclined shaft, drainage was pumped out of the tunnel via a pumping station on the reverse slope.

[0017] Once the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection simultaneously, the short inclined shaft will stop pumping water, and the drainage tunnel will take over the drainage of the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself.

[0018] During the construction of the main cross tunnel, the drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself;

[0019] During the simultaneous construction of the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel, the branch cross tunnel utilizes the drainage of the already constructed section of the main cross tunnel to the drainage tunnel, and the drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main cross tunnel, the branch cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself.

[0020] During the construction of the main tunnel along the unidirectional slope, the drainage of the main tunnel section during the construction of the auxiliary cross tunnel is discharged outside the tunnel through the auxiliary cross tunnel, the main cross tunnel, and the drainage tunnel; the drainage of the main tunnel section during the construction of the main cross tunnel is discharged outside the tunnel through the main cross tunnel and the drainage tunnel. The drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main tunnel, the main cross tunnel, the auxiliary cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft, and the drainage tunnel itself.

[0021] A construction method for a downslope drainage system at the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Construct the entrance and body of the drainage tunnel;

[0023] Step 2: Based on the construction progress of the drainage tunnel, construct the short inclined wellhead and the short inclined well body to ensure that the short inclined well and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection at the same time;

[0024] Step 3: After the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection at the same time, construct the drainage connection system between the two.

[0025] Step 4: Continue construction of the main transverse tunnel;

[0026] Step 5: When the main cross tunnel is constructed to the intersection with the branch cross tunnel, the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel are constructed simultaneously.

[0027] Step Six: After the main cross tunnel and branch cross tunnels are constructed to the main tunnel, the main tunnel is constructed in one direction along the slope.

[0028] Furthermore, during the construction of the main cross tunnel, materials for the main cross tunnel were transported via short inclined shafts.

[0029] Furthermore, during the simultaneous construction of the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel, materials for both the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel were transported through short inclined shafts.

[0030] Furthermore, during the construction of the main tunnel along the unidirectional slope, materials for the main tunnel are transported through cross tunnels and short inclined shafts.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] 1) This invention addresses the situation where high-end tunnel entrances of long single-slope tunnels require downslope construction. Under the premise of avoiding long cross tunnels, it utilizes a combination of cross tunnels, drainage tunnels, and short inclined shafts for construction. The cross tunnels and short inclined shafts are connected to realize material transportation and construction ventilation, and the drainage tunnels can serve as drainage outlets, thereby enabling downslope construction at high-end tunnel entrances.

[0033] 2) This invention has high construction efficiency, saves project investment, and has broad market application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal section view of the system of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a system plan view of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0038] This invention provides a construction method that utilizes a combination of horizontal tunnels, drainage tunnels, and short inclined shafts. The horizontal tunnels and short inclined shafts are connected to enable material transportation and construction ventilation, while the drainage tunnels can serve as drainage outlets, thereby enabling high-end tunnel entrances to be constructed along the slope.

[0039] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the slope-following drainage system for the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel of the present invention includes the main tunnel section requiring slope construction at the high-end entrance, the main cross tunnel, the auxiliary cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft, and the drainage tunnel; the slope of the main cross tunnel is -1%, and the slope of the auxiliary cross tunnel is -3%. Fresh air enters through the opening of the short inclined shaft, passes through the auxiliary cross tunnel and the main cross tunnel, and then enters the main tunnel.

[0040] The tunnel's high-end portal requires downslope construction of the main tunnel section, which includes the main cross tunnel construction section and the branch cross tunnel construction section. The upslope gradient i% of the tunnel's high-end portal requires downslope construction of the main tunnel section is determined based on the track gradient. One end of the main cross tunnel is connected to the lowest point of the tunnel section requiring downslope construction, and the other end is connected to the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel.

[0041] One end of the branch cross tunnel connects to the lowest point of the main tunnel's branch cross tunnel construction section, and the other end connects to the middle of the main cross tunnel. The function of the branch cross tunnel is to reduce the construction period by dividing the main tunnel construction section into two sections for simultaneous construction. One end of the short inclined shaft connects to the main cross tunnel and the drainage tunnel, and the other end is the ground inclined shaft opening. The short inclined shaft adopts trackless transportation and serves as a material transportation and ventilation duct. Its length should be as short as possible, and its slope is 12%.

[0042] One end of the drainage tunnel is connected to the main cross tunnel and the short inclined shaft, and the other end is the ground drainage tunnel opening. The cross section of the drainage tunnel is small and cannot bear the material transportation and ventilation functions of the main tunnel and the cross tunnel. Therefore, it is only used as a drainage channel, and its slope is -1%.

[0043] This invention also provides a method for drainage along the slope at the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel, specifically:

[0044] During the construction of the drainage tunnel entrance and tunnel body, the drainage was discharged out of the drainage tunnel through the tunnel's own slope;

[0045] During the construction of the short inclined shaft, drainage was pumped out of the tunnel via a pumping station on the reverse slope.

[0046] Once the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection simultaneously, the short inclined shaft will stop pumping water, and the drainage tunnel will take over the drainage of the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself.

[0047] During the construction of the main cross tunnel, the drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself;

[0048] During the simultaneous construction of the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel, the branch cross tunnel utilizes the drainage of the already constructed section of the main cross tunnel to the drainage tunnel, and the drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main cross tunnel, the branch cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself.

[0049] During the construction of the main tunnel along the unidirectional slope, the drainage of the main tunnel section during the construction of the auxiliary cross tunnel is discharged outside the tunnel through the auxiliary cross tunnel, the main cross tunnel, and the drainage tunnel; the drainage of the main tunnel section during the construction of the main cross tunnel is discharged outside the tunnel through the main cross tunnel and the drainage tunnel. The drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main tunnel, the main cross tunnel, the auxiliary cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft, and the drainage tunnel itself.

[0050] This invention also provides a construction method for a downslope drainage system at the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: First, use small machinery to quickly construct the entrance and body of the drainage tunnel;

[0052] Step 2: Based on the construction progress of the drainage tunnel, construct the short inclined wellhead and the short inclined well body to ensure that the short inclined well and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection at the same time;

[0053] Step 3: After the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection at the same time, construct the drainage connection system between the two.

[0054] Step 4: Continue construction of the main cross tunnel. During the construction of the main cross tunnel, materials will be transported through a short inclined shaft.

[0055] Step 5: When the main cross tunnel is constructed to the intersection with the branch cross tunnel, the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel shall be constructed simultaneously; during the simultaneous construction of the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel, all materials for the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel shall be transported through the short inclined shaft.

[0056] Step Six: After the main cross tunnel and branch cross tunnels are constructed to the main tunnel, the main tunnel is constructed in one direction along the slope. During the construction of the main tunnel in one direction along the slope, the materials for the main tunnel are transported through the cross tunnels and short inclined shafts.

[0057] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] The content of this invention is not limited to the embodiments listed. Any equivalent modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of this invention by reading this specification are covered by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A slope drainage system for the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel, characterized in that: This includes the main tunnel section requiring downslope construction at the high-end tunnel entrance, the main cross tunnel, the branch cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft, and the drainage tunnel; The high-end tunnel entrance requires downslope construction of the main tunnel section, which includes the main cross tunnel construction section and the auxiliary cross tunnel construction section. One end of the main cross tunnel is connected to the lowest point of the main tunnel section that needs to be constructed along the slope, and the other end is connected to the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel. One end of the branch tunnel is connected to the lowest point of the branch tunnel construction section of the main tunnel, and the other end is connected to the middle of the main tunnel. One end of the short inclined shaft is connected to the main horizontal tunnel and the drainage tunnel, and the other end is the surface inclined shaft opening; one end of the drainage tunnel is connected to the main horizontal tunnel and the short inclined shaft, and the other end is the surface drainage tunnel opening; The drainage tunnel serves as a drainage channel; The short inclined shaft adopts trackless transportation and serves as a material transport and ventilation duct; Fresh air enters through the opening of the short inclined shaft, passes through the branch cross tunnel and the main cross tunnel, and then enters the main tunnel. The main cross tunnel has a slope of -1%, and the branch cross tunnel has a slope of -3%.

2. The downslope drainage system for the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the main tunnel section, which requires construction along the slope at the high-end entrance, is determined based on the gradient of the railway line.

3. A slope drainage method employing the slope drainage system at the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the construction of the drainage tunnel entrance and tunnel body, the drainage was discharged out of the drainage tunnel through the tunnel's own slope; During the construction of the short inclined shaft, drainage was pumped out of the tunnel via a pumping station on the reverse slope. Once the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection simultaneously, the short inclined shaft will stop pumping water, and the drainage tunnel will take over the drainage of the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself. During the construction of the main cross tunnel, the drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself; During the simultaneous construction of the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel, the branch cross tunnel utilizes the drainage of the already constructed section of the main cross tunnel to the drainage tunnel, and the drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main cross tunnel, the branch cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel itself. During the construction of the main tunnel along the unidirectional slope, the drainage of the main tunnel section during the construction of the auxiliary cross tunnel is discharged outside the tunnel through the auxiliary cross tunnel, the main cross tunnel, and the drainage tunnel; the drainage of the main tunnel section during the construction of the main cross tunnel is discharged outside the tunnel through the main cross tunnel and the drainage tunnel. The drainage tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the main tunnel, the main cross tunnel, the auxiliary cross tunnel, the short inclined shaft, and the drainage tunnel itself.

4. The construction method of the downslope drainage system at the high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct the entrance and body of the drainage tunnel; Step 2: Based on the construction progress of the drainage tunnel, construct the short inclined wellhead and the short inclined well body to ensure that the short inclined well and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection at the same time; Step 3: After the short inclined shaft and the drainage tunnel reach their intersection at the same time, construct the drainage connection system between the two. Step 4: Continue construction of the main transverse tunnel; Step 5: When the main cross tunnel is constructed to the intersection with the branch cross tunnel, the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel are constructed simultaneously. Step Six: After the main cross tunnel and branch cross tunnels are constructed to the main tunnel, the main tunnel is constructed in one direction along the slope.

5. The construction method of a slope drainage system for a high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the construction of the main transverse tunnel, materials were transported through a short inclined shaft.

6. The construction method of a slope drainage system for a high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the simultaneous construction of the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel, all materials for the main cross tunnel and the branch cross tunnel were transported through short inclined shafts.

7. The construction method of a slope drainage system for a high-end entrance of a single-slope tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the construction of the main tunnel along the unidirectional slope, materials for the main tunnel are transported through cross tunnels and short inclined shafts.

Images