Industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections

Abstract

The application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple heat storage sections. By setting multiple second heat storage tanks that can be independently heated to work with the first heat storage tank, distributed heating is achieved, the temperature gradient in the heat storage process is effectively reduced, the thermocline is avoided, and the heat storage efficiency and energy density are improved. Alternatively, the system adopts a multi-stage fluidized bed arrangement, different heat storage media with different characteristics are configured in each stage of the fluidized bed to gradually release heat energy. The first fluidized bed uses high specific heat capacity and high density heat storage media to maintain the outlet temperature at the initial heat release stage, and the subsequent fluidized beds continue to provide heat energy, thereby maintaining a stable outlet temperature throughout the heat release process, effectively solving the problem of excessive outlet temperature drop, and improving the heat efficiency and operating stability of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermal energy storage technology, and more specifically, to an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections. Background Technology

[0002] Renewable energy sources (such as solar and wind power) are effective alternatives to fossil fuels, but their inherent intermittency leads to a supply-demand mismatch, necessitating efficient energy storage technologies to maximize resource utilization. Among various energy storage technologies, thermal energy storage is highly favored due to its cost-effectiveness, high energy conversion efficiency, and flexible capacity adjustment capabilities. Fluidized bed thermal energy storage systems, in particular, have become a research hotspot in the field of high-temperature thermal energy storage due to their excellent heat transfer efficiency, thermal stability, and adaptability. This system stores thermal energy through particulate media and utilizes the efficient heat transfer characteristics of the fluidized bed to achieve energy storage and release.

[0003] However, in practical applications, thermal energy storage systems still face some challenges. For example, during the heat storage process, the temperature tolerance of the equipment limits the outlet temperature of the storage tank, leading to the formation of a thermocline inside, which reduces heat storage efficiency and energy density. Fluidized bed systems generally suffer from excessive outlet temperature drop during heat release, severely affecting the system's thermal efficiency and stability. Therefore, optimizing the temperature distribution of thermal energy storage systems, reducing the impact of thermoclines, and suppressing the temperature drop during heat release have become key technical challenges for improving system performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage stages and its control method. By setting up multiple independently heatable second thermal storage tanks that work collaboratively with the first thermal storage tank, distributed heating is achieved, effectively reducing the temperature gradient during the thermal storage process and preventing the formation of thermoclines, thereby improving thermal storage efficiency and energy density. Alternatively, the system employs a multi-stage fluidized bed configuration. By configuring thermal storage media with different properties in each stage of the fluidized bed, the gradual release of heat energy is achieved. The first fluidized bed uses a high specific heat capacity, high-density thermal storage medium to maintain the outlet temperature at the initial stage of heat release, while subsequent fluidized beds continue to provide heat energy, thus maintaining a stable outlet temperature throughout the entire heat release process. This effectively solves the problem of excessive outlet temperature drop and improves the system's thermal efficiency and operational stability.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections, the energy storage system comprising:

[0006] The first heat storage tank (1) and a plurality of second heat storage tanks (2) are connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1). Each second heat storage tank (2) is provided with an inlet (21). The inlets (21) of the plurality of second heat storage tanks (2) are respectively connected to a plurality of air inlet pipes (22). The plurality of air inlet pipes (22) are independent of each other.

[0007] Each of the second heat storage tanks (2) is connected to a heating structure (23), which is used to heat the internal space of the tank. Each heating structure (23) is connected to a temperature control structure (24).

[0008] The temperature control structure (24) is configured to heat different second heat storage tanks (2) to different temperatures via the heating structure (23); wherein the heated temperature is at least higher than 500°C;

[0009] The first heat storage tank (1) stores a first heat storage medium. The first heat storage tank (1) is configured to heat the first heat storage medium by the gas output from the second heat storage tank (2). The first heat storage tank (1) is connected to a control device (11). The control device (11) is configured to open the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is not greater than 500°C, so that the gas flows out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1), and to close the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is greater than 500°C.

[0010] Optionally, a temperature sensor (15) is connected to the outlet pipe (14) of the first thermal storage tank (1);

[0011] The temperature sensor (15) is configured to transmit the temperature of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank (1) to the control device (11).

[0012] Optionally, a gas tank (16) is connected between the outlet (25) of the second thermal storage tank (2) and the inlet of the first thermal storage tank (1);

[0013] The inlet (161) of the gas tank (16) is connected to the outlet (25) of the second heat storage tank (2), and the outlet (162) of the gas tank (16) is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1).

[0014] The gas tank (16) is configured to premix the gases output from the plurality of second heat storage tanks (2) and send the mixed gas into the interior of the first heat storage tank (1) through the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1) to heat the first heat storage medium.

[0015] Optionally, the outer wall of the gas tank (16) is covered with an insulation layer.

[0016] Optionally, valves (28) are provided on the pipelines between the outlets (25) of the plurality of second thermal storage tanks (2) and the gas tank (16);

[0017] The valve (28) is configured to open after the temperature at multiple locations in the second heat storage tank (2) reaches a preset temperature, so that the gas is discharged from the outlet (25) of the second heat storage tank (2) into the gas tank (16) for premixing.

[0018] Optionally, the valve (28) is also configured to open when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is not greater than 500°C and to close when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is greater than 500°C, so as to prevent the gas from being discharged into the gas tank (16) through the outlet (25) of the second heat storage tank (2) for premixing, and to prevent excessive mixed gas from flowing into the first heat storage tank (1) through the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1).

[0019] Optionally, a fan (17) is provided on the outlet pipe (14) of the first thermal storage tank (1), and the fan (17) is used to blow thermal storage gas into the first thermal storage tank (1);

[0020] When the fan (17) delivers the heat storage gas, all the valves (28) are set to open so that the heat storage gas can enter multiple second heat storage tanks (2) for heating.

[0021] Optionally, the first thermal storage tank (1) and / or the second thermal storage tank (2) include:

[0022] The first part (12) and the second part (13) connected to the first part (12) have an inlet for the first heat storage tank (1) on the first part (12) and the second part (13) is connected to the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1).

[0023] The size of the first part (12) along the diameter direction of the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1) gradually decreases in the direction away from the second part (13).

[0024] Optionally, a second heat storage medium is stored in each of the multiple second heat storage tanks (2);

[0025] Among them, the specific heat capacity, particle size and density of the second heat storage medium in multiple second heat storage tanks (2) are different;

[0026] The specific heat capacity, particle size, and density of the first thermal storage medium are different from those of the second thermal storage medium.

[0027] Secondly, this application provides an industrial energy storage control method with multiple thermal storage sections, applied to the industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections described in the first aspect above, the control method comprising:

[0028] The heating structure (23) is controlled to heat the second heat storage tank (2);

[0029] Obtain the temperature of each of the second thermal storage tanks (2);

[0030] When the temperature of each of the second heat storage tanks (2) reaches its respective preset temperature, the gas in the second heat storage tank (2) is controlled to flow into the first heat storage tank (1) and heat the first heat storage medium in the first heat storage tank (1);

[0031] When the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is not greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is opened to allow the gas to flow out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1), and when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is closed.

[0032] Thirdly, this application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections, the energy storage system including an input port (3) and an output port (4); and,

[0033] At least two fluidized beds (5) are connected in series on the path between the inlet (3) and the outlet (4);

[0034] At least one tank (6), one of the tanks (6) includes all or part of the fluidized bed (5), each of the fluidized beds (5) includes a heat storage medium (51) that is capable of flowing under the action of a gas, the inlet (3) is configured to input the gas, and the outlet (4) is configured to discharge the gas after it has flowed through each of the fluidized beds (5);

[0035] A heating component (7) is disposed outside the tank body (6), one tank body (6) corresponds to at least one heating component (7), and one heating component (7) is used to heat at least one fluidized bed (5);

[0036] Among them, the specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium (51) in the first fluidized bed (52) connected to the output port (4) are higher than those of the heat storage medium (51) in the second fluidized bed (53), and at least one of the particle size, melting point, mass and volume of the heat storage medium (51) in at least two of the fluidized beds (5) is different;

[0037] The second fluidized bed (53) is the fluidized bed (5) other than the first fluidized bed (52).

[0038] Optionally, the energy storage system includes a plurality of second fluidized beds (53), wherein the specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium (51) in the plurality of second fluidized beds (53) are different.

[0039] Optionally, the heat storage medium (51) is at least one of iron particles, cast iron particles, alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon carbide particles, quartz sand particles and copper particles.

[0040] Optionally, the particle size of the heat storage medium (51) in the plurality of fluidized beds (5) is less than 2 cm.

[0041] Optionally, the melting point of the heat storage medium (51) in the at least two fluidized beds (5) connected in series increases sequentially from the inlet (3) to the outlet (4), and the particle size of the heat storage medium (51) in the at least two fluidized beds (5) connected in series increases sequentially from the inlet (3) to the outlet (4).

[0042] Optionally, the energy storage system includes a plurality of tanks (6), and each tank (6) contains a portion of the fluidized bed (5);

[0043] Among them, the inlet (3) of one of the two adjacent tanks (6) is connected to the outlet (4) of the other tank (6) through a pipe.

[0044] Optionally, in the energy storage system, the aperture width of the output port (4) is smaller than the aperture width of the input port (3).

[0045] Optionally, adjacent fluidized beds (5) located within the same tank (6) are separated by an air distribution plate (64);

[0046] The air distribution plate (64) has a plurality of through holes (641) for the gas to flow between adjacent fluidized beds (5);

[0047] Among them, at least one of the material, porosity and aperture of the through hole (641) of each of the air distribution plates (64) is different.

[0048] Optionally, the opening ratio of the air distribution plate (64) is between 10% and 15%.

[0049] Optionally, the system further includes a gas delivery assembly (8);

[0050] The gas delivery assembly (8) includes a gas outlet (81), and the gas outlet (81) is connected to a gas outlet pipe (82);

[0051] The air outlet pipe (82) is connected to the inlet (3);

[0052] The gas includes fluidizing gas and thermal storage gas, and the fluidizing gas and the thermal storage gas are respectively transported from the gas outlet pipeline (82) to the fluidized bed (5).

[0053] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0054] 1. This application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections, including a first thermal storage tank and multiple second thermal storage tanks connected to its inlet. Each second thermal storage tank is equipped with an independent air inlet pipe and heating structure, enabling distributed heating at different temperatures, effectively reducing the temperature gradient during the thermal storage process, preventing the formation of thermoclines, and improving thermal storage efficiency and energy density. Each heating structure is connected to a temperature control device, allowing the system to output different grades of heat energy according to demand, solving the supply-demand mismatch problem caused by the intermittency of renewable energy. The first thermal storage tank is also equipped with a control device that can control the opening and closing of valves according to the outlet temperature, preventing high-temperature gas from damaging downstream equipment and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0055] 2. This application also provides an industrial energy storage control method with multiple thermal storage sections, including controlling the heating structure to independently heat each second thermal storage tank. When the temperature of each tank reaches a preset value, hot gas is introduced into the first thermal storage tank to heat the thermal storage medium. The outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank is monitored in real time; the outlet is opened when the temperature is ≤500℃ and closed when the temperature is >500℃. This control method ensures the gradient transfer of heat energy by regulating the temperature of each thermal storage section, avoiding heat energy waste and preventing equipment damage, thus significantly improving the system's thermal energy utilization rate.

[0056] 3. This application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage stages, including an inlet, an outlet, and at least two fluidized beds connected in series. Gas is introduced through the inlet, and gas heated through multiple stages is discharged through the outlet. The fluidized beds are filled with a fluidizable thermal storage medium, forming a continuous heat exchange path. The system employs a gradient thermal storage configuration. In the first-stage fluidized bed, a high-specific-heat-capacity, high-density thermal storage medium is used to store more thermal energy and mitigate the initial temperature drop during heat release; subsequent fluidized beds gradually release thermal energy, causing the outlet temperature to decrease steadily. Gas flows sequentially through each stage of the fluidized bed, exchanging heat with the thermal storage medium to achieve efficient heat transfer. This configuration, combined with multi-stage fluidized bed structure and medium optimization, can reduce temperature fluctuations and heat loss, improving system stability and thermal efficiency. Simultaneously, by controlling the heating power and medium characteristics, the energy storage and release process is optimized, making it suitable for high-precision industrial thermal management needs. Attached Figure Description

[0057] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0058] Figure 1 A schematic diagram (I) of an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections proposed in this application is shown.

[0059] Figure 2 A schematic diagram (II) of an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections proposed in this application is shown.

[0060] Figure 3 A schematic diagram (III) of an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections proposed in this application is shown.

[0061] Figure 4 A schematic diagram (IV) of an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections proposed in this application is shown.

[0062] Figure 5 A schematic diagram (V) of an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections proposed in this application is shown.

[0063] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0064] 1. First thermal storage tank; 11. Control device; 12. First part; 13. Second part; 14. Outlet pipeline; 15. Temperature sensor; 16. Gas tank; 161. Inlet end; 162. Outlet end; 17. Fan; 2. Second thermal storage tank; 21. Inlet; 22. Inlet pipeline; 23. Heating structure; 231. Thermal storage fluid conveyor; 24. Temperature control structure; 25. Outlet; 26. Branch pipe; 27. Gas collecting pipe; 28. Valve; 281. Control structure; 3. Input port; 4. Output port; 5. Fluidized bed; 51. Thermal storage medium; 52. First fluidized bed; 53. Second fluidized bed; 6. Tank body; 61. Branch port; 62. Throttling valve; 63. Gas storage tank; 64. Air distribution plate; 641. Through hole; 7. Heating assembly; 8. Gas conveying assembly; 81. Outlet; 82. Outlet pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0066] In the accompanying drawings, the size of constituent elements, the thickness of layers, or areas may sometimes be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, any implementation of this disclosure is not necessarily limited to the dimensions shown in the drawings, and the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate ideal examples, and any implementation of this disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0067] In related technologies, when implementing thermal energy storage, the limited temperature tolerance of fans and related equipment during the storage process prevents the tank outlet temperature from exceeding the equipment's maximum tolerance temperature. This easily leads to a large temperature gradient inside the tank, forming a thermocline. Consequently, some heat remains within the thermocline during the storage process, resulting in lower storage efficiency and energy density.

[0068] To address the problems existing in related technologies, this application proposes an inventive concept, specifically: by setting up multiple thermal storage tanks in an energy storage system and dividing the multiple thermal storage tanks into high-temperature and low-temperature sections, in practice, each thermal storage tank in the high-temperature section is heated in a distributed manner, and then the thermal storage tanks in the low-temperature section are heated individually, to ensure that no thermocline is formed in each thermal storage tank. With the thermocline reduced, more heat can be effectively utilized, thereby improving the thermal storage efficiency and energy density of the energy storage system.

[0069] Based on the above inventive concept, see [link to inventive concept] Figure 1 This application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections, the energy storage system comprising:

[0070] A first thermal storage tank 1 and a plurality of second thermal storage tanks 2, wherein the plurality of second thermal storage tanks 2 are all connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage tank 1, each of the second thermal storage tanks 2 is provided with an inlet 21, and the inlets 21 of the plurality of second thermal storage tanks 2 are respectively connected to a plurality of air inlet pipes 22, and the plurality of air inlet pipes 22 are independent of each other.

[0071] Each of the second heat storage tanks 2 is connected to a heating structure 23, which is used to heat the internal space of the tank. Each heating structure 23 is connected to a temperature control structure 24.

[0072] The temperature control structure 24 is configured to heat different second heat storage tanks 2 to different temperatures via the heating structure 23; wherein the heated temperature is at least higher than 500°C.

[0073] The first heat storage tank 1 stores a first heat storage medium. The first heat storage tank 1 is configured to heat the first heat storage medium by the gas output from the second heat storage tank 2. The first heat storage tank 1 is connected to a control device 11. The control device 11 is configured to open the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is not greater than 500°C, so that the gas flows out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1. When the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is closed.

[0074] It should be noted that the first thermal storage tank 1 and the second thermal storage tank 2 are sealed tanks made of metal. The cross-sectional shape of the first thermal storage tank 1 and the second thermal storage tank 2 can be circular, rhomboid, square, elliptical, etc.; the material of the first thermal storage tank 1 and the second thermal storage tank 2 can be stainless steel, aluminum alloy, carbon, etc.; the materials of the first thermal storage tank 1 and the second thermal storage tank 2 can be the same or different.

[0075] The first thermal storage tank 1 is configured to heat the first thermal storage medium through the gas output from the second thermal storage tank 2. Specifically, gases of different temperatures first enter the second thermal storage tank 2 to release heat once, raising the temperature of the second thermal storage medium and storing most of the heat in each second thermal storage tank 2, thus forming a high-temperature section from multiple second thermal storage tanks 2. The gas, still having a certain temperature after releasing heat, is then sent back to the first thermal storage tank 1 along the second thermal storage tank 2 for a second heat release, raising the temperature of the first thermal storage medium. Since the temperature of the gas has been greatly reduced after the first heat release, the temperature of the first thermal storage medium is lower than that of the second thermal storage tank 2 after it is used to heat the first thermal storage medium. Therefore, in the energy storage system, the first thermal storage tank 1 forms the low-temperature section.

[0076] Control device 11 is a controller capable of controlling the start or stop of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1;

[0077] The second heat storage tank 2 contains a second heat storage medium. When gas enters the second heat storage tank 2, the gas begins to release heat and stores most of the heat in the second heat storage medium, achieving a high-efficiency energy storage effect.

[0078] The gas is a heat storage fluid and can be any one of air, nitrogen, and argon. When the gas reacts with the first heat storage medium, the gas is preferably nitrogen or argon. The inlet 21 of each second heat storage tank 2 is located at the end of the second heat storage tank 2 away from the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1. Multiple air inlet pipes 22 are independently represented and can deliver gases of different temperatures to different second heat storage tanks 2 through multiple air inlet pipes 22, so as to achieve independent heating of each second heat storage tank 2.

[0079] The air inlet pipes 22 of each second heat storage tank 2 can be set to be open, and the heating structure 23 is used to send gases of different temperatures into each second heat storage tank 2 to heat the second heat storage tank 2, so that the temperature inside each second heat storage tank 2 is different, so as to provide heat sources of different grades during the heat release stage; or only one or a few air inlet pipes 22 of the second heat storage tank 2 can be opened. In implementation, some of the heat storage tanks can be selected to be heated according to the actual number of second heat storage tanks 2 set.

[0080] In one example of this application embodiment, four second thermal storage tanks 2 are provided in the energy storage system. In practice, there may also be 1-3, 5-10, etc. The four thermal storage tanks are arranged sequentially from left to right along the horizontal direction x. The thermal storage temperature of the second thermal storage tank 2 located at the first position is set to 1200-1500℃. Subsequently, the thermal storage temperature of the second thermal storage tank 2 located at the second position is set to 1000-1200℃, the thermal storage temperature of the second thermal storage tank 2 located at the third position is set to 800-1000℃, and the thermal storage temperature of the second thermal storage tank 2 located at the fourth position is set to 500-800℃, so that the four second thermal storage tanks 2 can provide heat sources of different grades during the heat release phase.

[0081] The heating structure 23 includes a thermal storage fluid conveyor 231. In the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, each second thermal storage tank 2 corresponds to one thermal storage fluid conveyor 231. The inlet of the thermal storage fluid conveyor 231 can be connected to an external gas storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the end of the air inlet pipe 22 on the second thermal storage tank 2 away from the second thermal storage tank 2. In practice, gases of different temperatures are delivered to different second thermal storage tanks 2 through the thermal storage fluid conveyor 231.

[0082] The temperature control structure 24 is a controller that can control the heating structure 23 to start or stop. Since each second heat storage tank 2 corresponds to one heating structure 23, the temperature control structure 24 and the heating structure 23 are also in one-to-one correspondence, so as to independently control the heating structure 23 on each second heat storage tank 2 to start or stop, thereby realizing distributed heating of multiple second heat storage tanks 2.

[0083] During implementation, firstly, in the heat storage stage: the temperature control structure 24 controls the activation of at least one heating structure 23, through which gas with a temperature of at least 500°C is introduced into the second heat storage tank 2 along the inlet pipe 22 for primary heat release, so as to heat the internal space of at least one second tank, making the internal temperature of at least one second heat storage tank 2 at least higher than 500°C; after the gas releases heat once, it is introduced into the first heat storage tank 1 from the inlet for secondary heat release, so as to heat the first heat storage medium, and the gas after secondary heat release is discharged from the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1;

[0084] The control device 11 adjusts the opening or closing of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 according to the temperature of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 (which is also the temperature of the gas after secondary heat release). Specifically, when the temperature of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is not greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is opened to allow the gas after secondary heat release to be discharged smoothly. When the temperature of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is greater than 500°C, the control device 11 controls the closing of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 to prevent the gas after secondary heat release from being discharged, until the temperature of all the second thermal storage tanks 2 and the first thermal storage tank 1 is the same as the temperature of the input gas, thus completing the thermal storage of the energy storage system.

[0085] Heat release stage: The heat storage gas is first transported to the first heat storage tank 1 through the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 by the fan 17 or other equipment. After the first heat storage medium releases heat, the heat storage gas is preheated. The preheated heat storage gas then flows into at least one second heat storage tank 2 through the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1 for reheating. The heated heat storage gas is then discharged from the second heat storage tank 2 through the air inlet pipe 22 in sequence, thus the energy storage system completes the heat release.

[0086] This embodiment of the application, by setting a multi-storage section structure in the energy storage system, and ensuring that each second thermal storage tank 2 can be independently heated to a different temperature, and the first thermal storage tank 1 can also be independently heated, reduces the temperature gradient inside the first thermal storage tank 1 and the second thermal storage tank 2, avoids the formation of a thermocline, helps to improve thermal storage efficiency and energy density, allows more heat to be effectively utilized, thereby reducing energy storage costs and improving the overall economic efficiency of energy utilization. Simultaneously, the control device 11 can adjust the opening or closing of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 according to the outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank 1, ensuring that the outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank 1 is always kept within the maximum withstand temperature of the equipment (i.e., not exceeding 500°C), protecting downstream equipment from damage by high-temperature gases and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0087] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 Each second thermal storage tank 2 has an outlet 25, and each outlet 25 of the second thermal storage tank 2 is connected to an independent branch pipe 26. The end of the branch pipe 26 of each second thermal storage tank 2 away from the second thermal storage tank 2 is connected to the same gas collecting pipe 27, and the branch pipe 26 of each second thermal storage tank 2 is connected to the inside of the gas collecting pipe 27. The gas collecting pipe 27 is also connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 through a pipeline.

[0088] In implementation, the gases from different second thermal storage tanks 2 can be discharged through their respective outlets 25 to their respective branch pipes 26. The gases from the branch pipes 26 of the different second thermal storage tanks 2 then flow into the gas collecting pipe 27 to mix. After mixing, the mixture is transported to the inside of the first thermal storage tank 1 through the pipeline between the gas collecting pipe 27 and the inlet of the first thermal storage tank 1. This achieves centralized management and efficient transfer of thermal energy, reduces the number of pipelines and connection points, not only reducing the complexity and maintenance cost of the energy storage system, but also helping to reduce heat loss during transmission and further improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0089] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The first thermal storage tank 1 and / or the second thermal storage tank 2 include:

[0090] The first part 12 and the second part 13 connected to the first part 12 have an inlet for the first thermal storage tank 1 on the first part 12 and the second part 13 is connected to the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1.

[0091] The size of the first part 12 along the diameter direction of the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1 gradually decreases in the direction away from the second part 13.

[0092] It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the first part 12 and the second part 13 is rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, etc. The shape of the first part 12 can be the same as or different from that of the second part 13.

[0093] An inlet for the first thermal storage tank 1 is opened at the end of the first part 12 away from the second part 13, and the end of the second part 13 away from the first part 12 is connected to the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1.

[0094] In practice, by setting the size of the first part 12 to gradually decrease along the diameter direction of the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1, on the one hand, the airflow velocity at the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1 can be increased. According to the conservation of flow (i.e. in incompressible fluid), increasing the airflow velocity helps to enhance the heat exchange efficiency between the gas and the heat storage medium. Higher flow velocity will promote convective heat transfer, so that heat can be transferred to the first heat storage medium more quickly.

[0095] On the other hand, the reduced size of the first part 12 results in a slightly smaller inlet size compared to the outlet size of the first thermal storage tank 1. This effectively "compresses" the gas at the inlet of the first thermal storage tank 1, making its flow path shorter and more direct. This helps reduce turbulence and eddies within the first thermal storage tank 1, thereby reducing heat loss—that is, less heat is dissipated into the environment through the walls of the first thermal storage tank 1. It should also be noted that reducing the size of the first part 12 not only improves heat exchange efficiency and reduces heat loss but also saves material costs to some extent, improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0096] In some implementations, see Figure 1 Both the first thermal storage tank 1 and the second thermal storage tank 2 may include a first part 12 and a second part 13. In implementation, the inlet 21 of the second thermal storage tank 2 is located at the end of the first part 12 away from the second part 13, and the second part 13 is connected to the outlet 25 of the second thermal storage tank 2. By providing the first part 12 and the second part 13 on the second thermal storage tank 2, gas can enter the second thermal storage tank 2 more quickly, thereby accelerating heat storage and improving energy storage efficiency.

[0097] In some implementations, see Figure 2 The first thermal storage tank 1 and / or the second thermal storage tank 2 may include two first parts 12 and one second part 13, with the two ends of the second part 13 respectively connected to the two first parts 12;

[0098] On the first thermal storage tank 1, one first part 12 has an inlet for the first thermal storage tank 1, and the other first part 12 has an outlet for the first thermal storage tank 1. The dimension of the first part 12 with the inlet in the diameter direction of the inlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 gradually decreases in the direction away from the second part 13; the dimension of the first part 12 with the outlet in the diameter direction of the outlet of the first storage tank 1 gradually decreases in the direction away from the second part 13. By setting the first part 12 at the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1, it helps to accelerate the airflow velocity at the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1, so that the gas in the first thermal storage tank 1 can be discharged quickly, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency.

[0099] In some implementations, see Figure 2 The first thermal storage tank 1 and the second thermal storage tank 2 may each include two first parts 12 and one second part 13, with the two ends of the second part 13 respectively connected to the two first parts 12;

[0100] In the second thermal storage tank 2, one of the first parts 12 has an inlet 21 for the second thermal storage tank 2, and the other first part 12 has an outlet 25 for the second thermal storage tank 2; the size of the first part 12 with the inlet 21 in the diameter direction of the inlet 21 of the second thermal storage tank 2 gradually decreases in the direction away from the second part 13; the size of the first part 12 with the outlet 25 in the diameter direction of the outlet 25 of the second storage tank gradually decreases in the direction away from the second part 13.

[0101] By setting two first parts 12 on the second thermal storage tank 2, the effect of quickly exporting gas can also be achieved, accelerating the flow of gas to the first thermal storage tank 1. Combined with the structure of the first thermal storage tank 1, the overall thermal storage efficiency of the energy storage system is improved.

[0102] In some embodiments, insulation material can be wrapped around the outer surface of the first thermal storage tank 1 and / or the second thermal storage tank 2. The insulation material can be rock wool, glass wool, etc., to reduce heat loss caused by heat conduction and heat radiation in the first thermal storage tank 1 and / or the second thermal storage tank 2.

[0103] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 Each of the multiple second heat storage tanks 2 stores a second heat storage medium;

[0104] Among them, the specific heat capacity, particle size, and density of the second heat storage medium in the multiple second heat storage tanks 2 are different;

[0105] The specific heat capacity, particle size, and density of the first thermal storage medium are different from those of the second thermal storage medium.

[0106] It should be noted that the physicochemical properties of the first and second thermal storage media are stable, and the melting points of both the first and second thermal storage media are much higher than the thermal storage temperature.

[0107] The second heat storage medium in multiple second heat storage tanks 2 may differ only in specific heat capacity, particle size or density, or may differ in specific heat capacity and particle size, specific heat capacity and density or particle size and density, or may differ in all three aspects.

[0108] The specific heat capacity, particle size, and density of the second heat storage medium are related to the preset temperature of the second heat storage tank 2. Since the preset temperature of each second heat storage tank 2 is different, the maximum heat absorption limit that the second heat storage medium in the corresponding second heat storage tank 2 needs to meet is different. Different heat absorption limits mean that at least one of the specific heat capacity and density is different. For example, if the preset temperature of one of the second heat storage tanks 2 is 1200-1500℃, then the melting point of the second heat storage medium in that second heat storage tank 2 must be at least higher than 1500℃. If the preset temperature of the second heat storage tank is 500-500℃, then the melting point of the second heat storage medium in that second heat storage tank 2 must be at least higher than 800℃.

[0109] Since the first heat storage medium is located in the first heat storage tank 1, and the first heat storage tank 1 is set as a low temperature section, the heat it needs to absorb is much lower than that of the second heat storage medium. Therefore, the first heat storage medium can be set to have low specific heat capacity, low density and small particle size to reduce the system operating cost.

[0110] The specific heat capacity, particle size, and density of the first thermal storage medium are all smaller than those of the second thermal storage medium;

[0111] In specific implementation, the first heat storage medium can be cast iron, stainless steel, alumina, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc.; the second heat storage medium can be cast iron, stainless steel, alumina, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, sand, silicon carbide, copper, quartz sand, cement, concrete, graphite, etc.

[0112] Both the first and second thermal storage media are granular, and the particle size is no greater than 2 cm. The particle size of the second thermal storage media is larger than that of the first thermal storage media to retain a larger specific surface area, so that the second thermal storage media can store more heat.

[0113] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 A temperature sensor 15 is connected to the outlet pipe 14 of the first thermal storage tank 1.

[0114] The temperature sensor 15 is configured to transmit the temperature of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 to the control device 11.

[0115] It should be noted that the temperature sensor 15 is a device used to measure and record temperature changes in order to monitor the outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank 1 in real time. The temperature sensor 15 usually works based on the principles of thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, or infrared thermometry. It can convert temperature signals into electrical signals and transmit them to the control device 11 via a cable. The temperature sensor 15 is connected to the pipeline near the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1. Since the temperature at the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is closest to the temperature of the discharged gas, the closer the temperature sensor 15 is to the outlet, the higher the accuracy of temperature measurement and control.

[0116] In implementation, by installing a temperature sensor 15, the temperature at the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 can be monitored in real time, and the data is transmitted to the control device 11. The control device 11 can then control the opening or closing of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 based on the real-time temperature data, ensuring that the outlet temperature remains below the equipment's maximum tolerance temperature and preventing damage to downstream equipment (i.e., fan 17 or other equipment) from high-temperature gases. The real-time temperature data provided by the temperature sensor 15 can also be used to optimize thermal energy utilization. For example, when the outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank 1 is close to but has not yet reached the equipment's maximum tolerance temperature, the energy storage system can adjust its heating strategy or increase thermal energy output to fully utilize thermal energy without exceeding safety limits.

[0117] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 A gas tank 16 is connected between the outlet 25 of the second thermal storage tank 2 and the inlet of the first thermal storage tank 1.

[0118] The air inlet 161 of the gas tank 16 is connected to the outlet 25 of the second heat storage tank 2, and the air outlet 162 of the gas tank 16 is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1.

[0119] The gas tank 16 is configured to premix the gases output from the plurality of second heat storage tanks 2 and send the mixed gas into the interior of the first heat storage tank 1 through the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to heat the first heat storage medium.

[0120] It should be noted that the gas tank 16 is a sealed container used for storing and mixing high-temperature gases. Its material can be stainless steel, aluminum, copper, etc.; the shape of the gas tank 16 can be spherical, cubic, hollow cylindrical, etc.; the gas tank 16 can be equipped with a stirring device or mixing element to promote more uniform mixing of gases of different temperatures output from different second heat storage tanks 2.

[0121] The gas tank 16 can be connected to monitoring devices such as temperature sensor 15 and pressure sensor to monitor the state and mixing process of the gas inside in real time, ensuring the safety of the gas tank 16 during use.

[0122] In implementation, the gas tank 16 provided in this embodiment can serve as a premixing device to receive gases of different temperatures from multiple second heat storage tanks 2 and thoroughly mix them inside. By setting up a premixing process, the composition and temperature of the gas are homogenized, resulting in more consistent thermophysical properties in the gas ultimately fed into the first heat storage tank 1. This maintains the uniformity of temperature distribution within the first heat storage tank 1, preventing the formation of a "thermocline" within it, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency within the first heat storage tank 1. Simultaneously, the gas tank 16 can also serve as a buffer device to balance gas flow and pressure fluctuations, further optimizing the heat transfer process.

[0123] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 When the outlet 25 of the second thermal storage tank 2 is connected to the branch pipe 26 and the gas collecting pipe 27, the inlet end 161 of the gas tank 16 can be connected to the gas collecting pipe 27, and the outlet end 162 can be connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 through a pipe.

[0124] During implementation, by setting up the gas collection pipe 27, it is possible to initially mix the different gases output from different second heat storage tanks 2. The initially mixed gas is then sent into the gas tank 16 along the gas inlet end 161 for premixing, so that the gas is mixed more thoroughly, thereby further improving the temperature and composition uniformity of the gas, which in turn helps to improve the efficiency of heat transfer.

[0125] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The length of the gas tank 16 along the horizontal direction x is greater than its length along the vertical direction y. The inlet end 161 and the outlet end 162 of the gas tank 16 are respectively located at opposite ends of the gas tank 16 along the horizontal direction x.

[0126] During implementation, the gas output from the second heat storage tank 2 enters from the inlet 161 of the gas tank 16 and needs to flow horizontally to the outlet 162 of the gas tank 16, thereby extending the mixing time of various gases in the gas tank 16, ensuring that the gases in the gas tank 16 are fully mixed, and enhancing the premixing effect of the gas tank 16.

[0127] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The outer wall of the gas tank 16 is covered with an insulation layer.

[0128] The insulation layer can be made of rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane foam, etc.; the insulation layer can be connected to the gas tank 16 by coating, pasting, bolting, etc.

[0129] During implementation, by setting up an insulation layer, the heat exchange between the gas inside the gas tank 16 and the external environment can be reduced, thereby reducing heat loss, maintaining the temperature of the gas inside the gas tank 16, improving heat transfer efficiency, and reducing energy consumption.

[0130] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 Valves 28 are installed on the pipelines between the outlets 25 of the multiple second thermal storage tanks 2 and the gas tank 16;

[0131] The valve 28 is configured to open after the temperature at multiple locations of the second heat storage tank 2 reaches a preset temperature, so that the gas is discharged from the outlet 25 of the second heat storage tank 2 into the gas tank 16 for premixing.

[0132] It should be noted that valve 28 is a control element used to regulate, guide, or prevent the flow of fluids (including gases, liquids, etc.) in a pipeline system;

[0133] Valve 28 is composed of valve body, valve core (or valve disc), drive device and other components, and has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation and good sealing performance; valve 28 can be a high temperature valve, pneumatic or electric valve, regulating valve, gate valve, etc.

[0134] When the outlet 25 of the second thermal storage tank 2 in the energy storage system is connected to a branch pipe 26 and a gas collecting pipe 27, the valve 28 can also be installed on the branch pipe 26 connected to the outlet 25 of the second thermal storage tank 2, or on the pipeline between the branch pipe 26 and the gas collecting pipe 27.

[0135] The preset temperature is the temperature set for different second heat storage tanks 2 before heat storage. For example, the preset temperature of one of the second heat storage tanks 2 is set to 1000℃. Then, the heating structure 23 is used to heat the second heat storage tank 2 so that the temperature of multiple locations inside the second heat storage tank 2 is 1000℃. This means that multiple locations of the second heat storage tank 2 have reached the preset temperature.

[0136] When the temperature at multiple locations in the second thermal storage tank 2 reaches the preset temperature, there is no inclined temperature layer inside the second thermal storage tank 2.

[0137] During implementation, by setting valve 28, it can be ensured that the temperature at multiple locations within each second heat storage tank 2 reaches the preset temperature before the gas is allowed to be discharged from the second heat storage tank 2. This avoids heat loss or equipment damage caused by uneven temperature distribution inside the second heat storage tank 2, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature control during the heat storage and release process.

[0138] The valve 28 allows the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment to adjust the heat release sequence and time of different second thermal storage tanks 2 according to actual needs, thereby enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the energy storage system. For example, when rapid heat release is required, the valve 28 of the second thermal storage tank 2 with a higher temperature can be opened first; when heat release needs to be maintained for a longer period of time, the valves 28 of multiple second thermal storage tanks 2 can be opened gradually, etc.

[0139] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The valve 28 is also configured to open when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is not greater than 500°C and to close when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is greater than 500°C, so as to prevent the gas from being discharged into the gas tank 16 for premixing along the outlet 25 of the second heat storage tank 2, and to prevent excessive mixed gas from flowing into the first heat storage tank 1 along the inlet of the first heat storage tank 1.

[0140] During implementation, when the outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank 1 exceeds 500℃, it indicates that the temperature of the gas flowing out along the gas tank 16 is too high, exceeding the heat absorption limit of the first thermal storage medium. This would cause even higher-temperature gas to be discharged from the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1. Therefore, by setting valve 28, the pipeline between the second thermal storage tank 2 and the gas tank 16 is closed when the gas temperature is too high. This allows the gas to be stored in the second thermal storage tank 2 for heat release as much as possible, effectively preventing overheated gas from entering the gas tank 16 for premixing and then flowing into the first thermal storage tank 1. This avoids equipment damage or safety risks caused by the excessively high temperature of the gas flowing out of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1, thereby extending the service life of the components in the energy storage system and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the entire energy storage system.

[0141] In some embodiments, see Figure 2A control structure 281 can be connected to valve 28. The control structure 281 can be configured to control the opening or closing of valve 28 based on the temperature signal transmitted by temperature sensor 15. Temperature sensor 15 can be configured to simultaneously transmit the outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank 1 to control device 11 and control structure 281. By setting control structure 281 and combining it with temperature sensor 15 to monitor the outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank 1 in real time and transmit the temperature signal to control structure 281, control structure 281 controls the opening and closing state of valve 28 according to a preset temperature threshold (i.e., 500℃) and the temperature signal transmitted by temperature sensor 15, avoiding frequent opening and closing of valve 28 due to temperature fluctuations and ensuring the stability of energy storage system operation.

[0142] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 A fan 17 is installed on the outlet pipe 14 of the first thermal storage tank 1, and the fan 17 is used to blow thermal storage gas into the first thermal storage tank 1.

[0143] When the fan 17 delivers the heat storage gas, all the valves 28 are set to the open state so that the heat storage gas can enter multiple second heat storage tanks 2 for heating.

[0144] It should be noted that the fan 17 can be a circulating fan, a direct-blowing axial flow fan, an externally rotating axial flow fan, a snail centrifugal fan, a box-type cabinet fan, etc.; the material of the fan 17 can be carbon steel, manganese steel, stainless steel, fiberglass, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc.; the maximum temperature resistance of the fan 17 is 500℃.

[0145] During implementation, the heat storage gas is blown into the first heat storage tank 1 by the fan 17. During the transportation process, all valves 28 are ensured to be in the open state to ensure that the heat storage gas can be evenly and efficiently distributed to multiple second heat storage tanks 2 for heating. The fan 17 circulates the entire energy storage system to avoid the problem of uneven heating and low efficiency caused by insufficient power to concentrate the heat storage gas to a single second heat storage tank 2, thereby improving the thermal energy utilization efficiency and heating speed of the energy storage system.

[0146] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 Sealing devices can be installed at the inlet and outlet of the fan 17 to reduce heat storage gas leakage and heat loss.

[0147] See Figure 2 This application also provides an industrial energy storage control method with multiple thermal storage sections. This method is applied to the industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections, and the control method includes:

[0148] The heating structure 23 is controlled to heat the second heat storage tank 2;

[0149] Obtain the temperature of each of the second thermal storage tanks 2;

[0150] When the temperature of each of the second heat storage tanks 2 reaches its respective preset temperature, the gas in the second heat storage tank 2 is controlled to flow into the first heat storage tank 1 and heat the first heat storage medium in the first heat storage tank 1.

[0151] When the temperature at the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is not greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is opened to allow the gas to flow out from the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1; when the temperature at the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 is closed.

[0152] The principle of this control method is based on the fundamental principles of heat transfer and storage, and achieves the step-by-step transfer and accumulation of heat energy through segmented heating and temperature monitoring.

[0153] In implementation, the heating structure 23 is controlled to heat the second thermal storage tank 2, raising the temperature of the second thermal storage medium within it. The high-temperature gas, after initial heat release, is then transferred to the first thermal storage tank 1, achieving a step-by-step transfer and accumulation of heat energy. This effectively prevents the formation of a "thermocline" between the first and second thermal storage tanks 1 and 2, and overcomes the potential heat loss and damage to the thermal storage medium that could result from directly heating the first thermal storage tank 1 at high temperatures, thereby improving the overall thermal energy storage efficiency. This energy storage system can also monitor and control the temperature of each thermal storage section in real time, ensuring that heat energy is transferred according to a preset gradient, avoiding heat waste or equipment damage due to excessively high or low temperatures, further improving the system's thermal energy utilization rate.

[0154] It should be noted that when the temperature of the second thermal storage tank 2 reaches the preset value, the high-temperature gas in it is then controlled to flow into the first thermal storage tank 1. The first thermal storage medium is heated through heat conduction and convection, achieving a step-by-step transfer of heat energy. Throughout the heating and transfer process, the temperature of each thermal storage section is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 15, and the heating power and heat transfer rate are adjusted according to temperature changes to ensure that heat energy is transferred according to the preset gradient.

[0155] When the heat energy in the first thermal storage tank 1 accumulates to a certain level and the outlet temperature does not exceed 500°C, the control system opens the outlet, allowing the gas to flow out for use in other industrial processes; when the outlet temperature exceeds 500°C, the outlet is automatically closed to ensure system safety.

[0156] Among related technologies, with the growth of energy demand and the popularization of renewable energy, thermal energy storage technology has received widespread attention as an important means of energy storage and regulation. Fluidized bed thermal energy storage and release systems have become a research hotspot due to their high heat transfer efficiency, good thermal stability, and strong adaptability. This system stores thermal energy through particulate media and utilizes the characteristics of fluidized beds to achieve efficient energy storage and release, making it particularly suitable for high-temperature thermal energy storage. However, existing fluidized bed systems generally suffer from excessive outlet temperature drop during heat release, affecting the system's thermal efficiency and stability. Specifically, when the thermal storage medium releases heat, the outlet temperature drops rapidly, leading to large temperature fluctuations and reduced thermal energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, excessive temperature drop may cause uneven heat distribution within the system, affecting the efficiency of the heat exchanger and resulting in energy waste.

[0157] Based on the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The energy storage system includes an input port 3 and an output port 4; and,

[0158] At least two fluidized beds 5, wherein at least two fluidized beds 5 are connected in series in the path between the input port 3 and the output port 4;

[0159] At least one tank 6, one of the tanks 6 includes all or part of the fluidized bed 5, each of the fluidized beds 5 includes a heat storage medium 51, the heat storage medium 51 is capable of flowing under the action of gas, the inlet 3 is configured to input the gas, and the outlet 4 is configured to discharge the gas after flowing through each of the fluidized beds 5;

[0160] A heating component 7 is disposed outside the tank body 6, and one tank body 6 corresponds to at least one heating component 7. One heating component 7 is used to heat at least one fluidized bed 5.

[0161] Among them, the specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium 51 in the first fluidized bed 52 connected to the output port 4 are higher than those of the heat storage medium 51 in the second fluidized bed 53, and at least one of the particle size, melting point, mass and volume of the heat storage medium 51 in at least two of the fluidized beds 5 is not the same.

[0162] The second fluidized bed 53 is the fluidized bed 5 other than the first fluidized bed 52.

[0163] It should be noted that fluidized bed 5 refers to a bed in which the heat storage medium 51 is uniformly stacked in a container with an open bottom to form a bed layer, and the fluid flows rapidly through the bed layer from top to bottom or from bottom to top. The fluidized bed layer after fluidization is the fluidized bed 5. The shape of fluidized bed 5 can be determined according to the stacking shape of the heat storage medium 51, and its cross-section can be triangular, square, trapezoidal, rhomboid, etc. The heat storage medium 51 in fluidized bed 5 has stable physical and chemical properties and does not react with the gas.

[0164] The first fluidized bed 52 connected to the output port 4 is the fluidized bed 5 closest to the output port 4. The specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium 51 in the first fluidized bed 52 are higher than those of the heat storage medium 51 in all the second fluidized beds 53.

[0165] The heat storage medium 51 in at least two fluidized beds 5 may have different particle sizes, different melting points, different masses, or different particle sizes and melting points, etc.

[0166] The ability of the heat storage medium 51 to flow under the action of gas means that gas is introduced into the fluidized bed 5, and the gas drives the heat storage medium 51 in each fluidized bed 5 to become fluidized in their respective fluidized bed 5.

[0167] The first fluidized bed 52 is the fluidized bed 5 directly connected to the output port 4, and the second fluidized bed 53 is the collective name for all fluidized beds 5 from the input port 3 to the first fluidized bed 52.

[0168] The gas is first conveyed upwards from the inlet 3 to the second fluidized bed 53 closest to the inlet 3. As the gas flows upwards, it drives the heat storage medium 51 in different second fluidized beds 53 to flow. When the gas flows to the first fluidized bed closest to the outlet 4, it drives the heat storage medium 51 to flow and is finally discharged through the outlet 4. At the same time, new gas is continuously discharged from the inlet 3 into the second fluidized bed 53, so that the gas forms a dynamic circulation within the fluidized bed 5, ensuring that the heat storage medium 51 in all fluidized beds 5 is constantly flowing. The gas can be any one of helium, argon, air, or nitrogen.

[0169] The tank 6 is a storage container made of metal material, and the shape of the tank 6 can be cylindrical, columnar, elliptical, pyramidal, etc.

[0170] like Figure 4 As shown, this is the case of a single tank 6. When the system consists of only one tank 6, the input port 3 and the output port 4 are respectively located at both ends of the tank 6.

[0171] like Figure 3The diagram shows a case with multiple tanks 6. When multiple tanks 6 are included, each tank 6 contains a fluidized bed 5. When the system includes multiple tanks 6, each tank 6 has an inlet 3 and an outlet 4 at both ends. In two adjacent tanks 6, the outlet 4 of one tank 6 is connected to the inlet 3 of the other tank 6, so that multiple tanks 6 are connected in series. Gas flows into the system from the inlet 3 on the first tank 6 and exits the system through the outlet 4 on the last tank 6. The first fluidized bed 52 is located near the outlet 4 of the last tank 6 and is connected to the outlet 4 of the last fluidized bed 5.

[0172] like Figure 4 As shown, this is the case of a tank 6. When a tank 6 includes all the fluidized beds 5, at least two fluidized beds 5 are aligned along the direction from the inlet 3 to the outlet 4. In the figure, alignment means that the left and right ends of at least two fluidized beds 5 are aligned respectively.

[0173] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the case of multiple tanks 6. When a tank 6 includes a portion of a fluidized bed 5, at least two fluidized beds 5 connected in series can be arranged in a staggered or aligned manner along the direction from the inlet 3 to the outlet 4. In the diagram, staggered arrangement means that the left and right ends of the fluidized bed 5 in each tank 6 are not aligned.

[0174] The heating component 7 can be any one of an electric heater, an electric boiler, or an electric heating tube; the heating component 7 can be fixed to the outer wall of the tank 6 by any one of welding, flange connection, bolt connection, or bracket fixing; the heating component 7 can be wrapped around the entire tank 6 or it can be set only on a part of the outer wall of the tank 6.

[0175] In one case, such as Figure 3 As shown, when each tank 6 includes a fluidized bed 5, only one heating component 7 is installed on each tank 6. The temperature of different tanks 6 can be controlled independently, thereby allowing the temperature of different fluidized beds 5 to be different or the same.

[0176] In another case, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 Each tank 6 contains at least two fluidized beds 5. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The illustration shows a tank 6 containing three fluidized beds 5. In practice, a tank 6 can contain more fluidized beds 5, such as 4, 6, or 8 fluidized beds 5, etc., which can be reasonably set according to the size of the tank 6.

[0177] In this design, only one heating component 7 can be installed on each tank 6 to ensure that the different fluidized beds 5 within the same tank 6 have the same temperature. Alternatively, multiple heating components 7 can be installed on each tank 6, with each heating component 7 corresponding to a different fluidized bed 5, to ensure that the different fluidized beds 5 within the same tank 6 have different temperatures. The heating method of the heating component 7 is as follows: after the heating component 7 is activated, it transfers heat to the inside of the tank 6 through the outer wall of the tank 6. The heat storage medium 51 in the fluidized bed 5 absorbs heat and rises in temperature until the temperature at multiple locations within the tank 6 is the same.

[0178] During implementation, firstly, ensure that each fluidized bed 5 is filled with heat storage medium 51, and that the specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium 51 in the first fluidized bed 52 are higher than those of the heat storage medium 51 in each of the second fluidized beds 53. Furthermore, at least one of the particle size, melting point, mass, and volume of the heat storage medium 51 in at least two fluidized beds 5 must be different (including between multiple second fluidized beds 53, and between the first and second fluidized beds 52). Then, activate the heating assembly 7 to heat the tank 6, causing the heat storage medium 51 in the fluidized beds 5 of the tank 6 to absorb heat and rise in temperature. Simultaneously, transport gas along the inlet 3 to the second fluidized bed 53 closest to the inlet 3. The gas flows upwards, passes through at least two fluidized beds 5 in sequence, and is discharged from the outlet 4 connected to the first fluidized bed 51, causing the heat storage medium 51 in each fluidized bed 5 to flow and absorb heat until the temperature of each fluidized bed 5 meets the required heat storage temperature. The heat storage gas is then transported to the tank 6 through the inlet 3. The heat storage gas starts to absorb heat from the second fluidized bed 53, which is closest to the inlet 3, until it reaches the first fluidized bed 52. After heat absorption is completed, it is discharged from the tank 6 through the outlet 4, thus completing the heat storage.

[0179] This embodiment of the application sets up multiple fluidized beds 5 in series in the system, so that each fluidized bed 5 can release heat energy step by step. Furthermore, by setting the heat storage medium 51 of the first fluidized bed 52 to have the highest specific heat capacity and the largest density, the first fluidized bed 52 releases more heat. Even if the gas flows out of the outlet 4 and takes away some heat, the temperature of the outlet 4 can still be kept relatively stable, effectively solving the problem of excessive temperature drop at the outlet 4, improving the thermal efficiency of the system, and ensuring the effective utilization of heat energy.

[0180] Furthermore, by setting up fluidized beds 5 at different levels, using heat storage media 51 with different specific heat capacities and densities, and different parameters such as particle size, melting point, mass, and volume, the thermal energy storage and release capacity of each level of fluidized bed 5 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs during implementation, making the system more adaptable to different operating conditions. In specific implementation, selecting heat storage media 51 with higher specific heat capacity and density can store more thermal energy; heat storage media 51 with smaller particle size can improve heat transfer efficiency; heat storage media 51 with higher melting point can maintain stable heat storage at higher temperatures, while heat storage media 51 with lower melting point is more suitable for low-temperature heat storage; mass and volume can be selected according to the size of the tank 6 structure, and the volume of the heat storage media should account for at least 70-80% of the volume of the fluidized bed 5, which must meet the heat storage requirements and provide sufficient space for gas flow.

[0181] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The energy storage system includes multiple second fluidized beds 53, and the specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium 51 in the multiple second fluidized beds 53 are different.

[0182] It should be noted that multiple second fluidized beds 53 can be set in the same tank 6 or in different tanks 6; for example Figure 4 As shown, when multiple second fluidized beds 53 are located in the same tank 6, the multiple second fluidized beds 53 are arranged sequentially along the direction from the inlet 3 on the same tank 6 to the first fluidized bed 52; the different specific heat capacity and density indicate that the multiple fluidized beds 5 are not the same heat storage medium 51.

[0183] By setting up multiple thermal storage media with different specific heat capacities and densities, the cascade utilization of thermal energy can be achieved more effectively. During the heat release process, high-temperature thermal energy can be released first by the thermal storage medium 51 with a higher specific heat capacity and density, followed by the thermal storage medium with a lower specific heat capacity and density. Alternatively, it can be released first by the thermal storage medium 51 with a lower specific heat capacity and density, followed by the thermal storage medium with a higher specific heat capacity and density. However, it is necessary to ensure that the thermal storage medium 51 in the first fluidized bed 52 has the highest specific heat capacity and density, thereby extending the heat release time in the first fluidized bed 52, making the heat release more stable, and reducing the temperature fluctuation at the output port 4.

[0184] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The melting point of the heat storage medium 51 in the at least two fluidized beds 5 connected in series increases sequentially from the inlet 3 to the outlet 4, and the particle size of the heat storage medium 51 in the at least two fluidized beds 5 connected in series increases sequentially from the inlet 3 to the outlet 4.

[0185] It should be noted that at least two fluidized beds 5 connected in series can be in the same tank 6 or in different tanks 6.

[0186] In practice, when gas enters the second fluidized bed 53 from inlet 3, it first comes into contact with and is heated by the heat storage medium 51, which has a lower melting point. Because the heat storage medium 51 in the second fluidized bed 53, located near inlet 3, has a lower melting point, it absorbs relatively less heat and can release thermal energy at a lower temperature, effectively preheating the gas. As the gas flows through different fluidized beds 5, it gradually comes into contact with the heat storage medium 51, which has a higher melting point. These media release thermal energy at higher temperatures, further heating the gas and ensuring a stable supply of heat energy throughout the heating process. This improves thermal energy utilization efficiency and reduces heat loss. It also makes the heat transfer and heating process smoother, reduces temperature fluctuations within the system, avoids sudden temperature changes at outlet 4, and improves the system's heat capacity and thermal energy storage capacity.

[0187] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 Preferably, when the system includes a tank 6 and the tank 6 includes three fluidized beds 5, three heating components 7 are provided outside the tank 6, and each heating component 7 corresponds one-to-one with the three fluidized beds 5 inside the tank 6, so as to heat different fluidized beds 5 to different temperatures, realize gradient heating, and thus provide heat transfer efficiency.

[0188] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 When the system includes multiple tanks 6, each tank 6 corresponds to a heating component 7, and each heating component 7 can heat each tank 6 to a different temperature;

[0189] A branch port 61 can be opened on the tank 6 without the first fluidized bed 52. A throttle valve 62 is connected to the branch port 61, and the throttle valve 62 is normally closed. In implementation, when different grades of heat source are required, gas is introduced into the tank 6 through the inlet 3. After the gas completes heat storage in different tanks 6, the throttle valve 62 on the corresponding tank 6 is opened, allowing the gas to be discharged along the branch port 61 on the corresponding tank 6, thereby obtaining gases with different grades of heat energy and improving the applicability of the system.

[0190] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The heat storage medium 51 is at least one of iron particles, cast iron particles, alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon carbide particles, quartz sand particles, and copper particles.

[0191] Among them, iron, steel, and cast iron have high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical strength, and are resistant to high temperature and high pressure; alumina has high melting point, high hardness, wear resistance and chemical stability, and relatively high thermal conductivity; magnesium oxide is resistant to high temperature, has good thermal stability and is chemically inert, and also has heat insulation properties; silicon carbide has high hardness, wear resistance and high temperature resistance, good thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance; quartz sand is resistant to high temperature, has excellent chemical and thermal stability, and has significant heat insulation effect; copper is known for its extremely high thermal conductivity and excellent ductility and plasticity.

[0192] In practice, preferably, the heat storage medium 51 in the first fluidized bed 52 is alumina. Compared with other materials, alumina has the highest density and specific heat capacity, making it most suitable for placement in the first fluidized bed 52 near the outlet 4. During the heat release phase, it can release more heat to maintain the temperature stability of the outlet 4 and prevent excessively rapid temperature drops. In the second fluidized bed 53, other heat storage media 51 with lower specific heat capacity and density than alumina can be selected.

[0193] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The particle size of the heat storage medium 51 in the multiple fluidized beds 5 is less than 2 cm.

[0194] It should be noted that the particle size of the heat storage medium 51 in multiple fluidized beds 5 can be the same or different. When the particle size of the heat storage medium 51 in multiple fluidized beds 5 is different, the particle size of the heat storage medium must also be less than 2 cm. For example, the particle size of the heat storage medium 51 in multiple fluidized beds 5 can be 0.1 cm, 0.5 cm, 0.7 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, etc.

[0195] During implementation, thermal storage media with a particle size of less than 2 cm are more likely to achieve uniform fluidization in a fluidized bed. Smaller particle size increases interparticle spacing, reduces gas flow resistance, and decreases system pressure drop. Particles move more easily with the airflow, reducing friction and collision, thus lowering energy consumption and wear. Uniform fluidization improves system stability, enabling the medium to rapidly absorb and release heat, accelerating thermal equilibrium, and increasing thermal storage efficiency. Simultaneously, the small-particle-size medium can quickly respond to temperature changes, achieving stable heat release and efficient absorption by the gas.

[0196] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The energy storage system includes multiple tanks 6, and each tank 6 contains a portion of the fluidized bed 5;

[0197] In this configuration, the inlet 3 of one of the two adjacent tanks 6 is connected to the outlet 4 of the other tank 6 via a pipe.

[0198] It should be noted that the provision of a fluidized bed 5 inside the tank 6 means that one fluidized bed 5 can be installed inside each tank 6, or more than two fluidized beds 5 can be installed.

[0199] When there are multiple tanks 6, each tank 6 is provided with an inlet 3 and an outlet 4 at both ends. Gas flows in from the inlet 3 on the first tank 6 and is discharged through the outlet 4 on the last tank 6. The first fluidized bed 52 is located near the outlet 4 of the last tank 6 and is connected to the outlet 4 of the last fluidized bed 5.

[0200] During implementation, a modular setup is adopted, dividing the system into multiple independent tanks 6, each equipped with a fluidized bed. This setup supports flexible expansion, allowing for the addition or removal of tanks and fluidized beds as needed to meet different energy storage requirements. Each tank can be maintained and repaired independently, reducing maintenance costs and time.

[0201] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 There are three tanks 6, and each tank 6 contains a fluidized bed 5. Each tank 6 has an inlet 3 and an outlet 4 at opposite ends. The outlet 4 of the tank 6 in the first position is connected to the inlet 3 of the tank 6 in the second position by a pipe.

[0202] In implementation, the inlet 3 and outlet 4 of adjacent tanks 6 are connected by pipelines to achieve continuous heat transfer between different tanks 6 and fluidized beds 5, thereby reducing heat loss during the heat transfer process and improving heat transfer efficiency. Simultaneously, because heat can be evenly distributed among multiple tanks 6 and fluidized beds 5, the system's heat storage and release capabilities are further enhanced. By setting different tanks 6, different fluidized beds 5, and different specific heat capacities and densities for the heat storage medium 51 in the different fluidized beds 5, the cascade utilization of heat energy and the stable release of heat energy can be achieved.

[0203] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 When the system includes multiple tanks 6, the input port 3 of one of the two adjacent tanks 6 is connected to the output port 4 of the other tank 6 through a pipe, so that the multiple tanks 6 are connected in series. At this time, a gas storage tank 63 is installed on the connecting pipe between the input port 3 of one of the two adjacent tanks 6 and the output port 4 of the other tank 6.

[0204] It should be noted that the gas storage tank 63 has the characteristics of high mechanical strength and long-term stable use; the constituent materials of the gas storage tank 63 can withstand high-temperature gases above 1500℃ without damage.

[0205] By setting up a gas storage tank 63, the gas output from each tank 6 first flows into the gas storage tank 63. The gas storage tank 63 plays a buffering role, and can also store excess gas from one tank 6 and replenish gas to another tank 6 when needed, thereby maintaining the balance and stability of the gas inside the system.

[0206] The gas tank 63 can also function as a pressure regulator to help the system maintain a stable pressure environment. When the internal pressure of the system changes, the gas tank 63 can absorb or release gas to balance the pressure and prevent system instability or damage caused by pressure fluctuations.

[0207] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The outer wall of the gas storage tank 63 is wrapped with insulation material to reduce heat loss of the gas inside the tank. The insulation material can be rock wool, glass wool, etc. The thickness of the insulation material can be 0.1-1m.

[0208] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the energy storage system, the diameter of the output port 4 is smaller than the diameter of the input port 3.

[0209] It should be noted that the diameter of the output port 4 of each tank 6 can be smaller than the width of its respective input port 3; or the output port 4 on the first tank 6 can be set to have a diameter that is only smaller than the width of the input port 3 on the last tank 6, and the diameters of the input ports 3 and output ports 4 on all other tanks 6 located in the middle can be the same as or different from the input ports 3 or output ports 4.

[0210] In practice, by setting the diameter of the output port 4 to be smaller than that of the input port 3, the gas velocity gradually increases as it flows through the fluidized bed 5. According to fluid mechanics principles, the increased velocity enhances the heat transfer between the fluid and solid particles, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency.

[0211] In practice, during the thermal energy storage stage, the increase in flow rate does not lead to excessive thermal energy loss due to the small diameter of the outlet 4. During the thermal energy release stage, although the increase in flow rate slightly increases the thermal energy release rate, the thermal energy release remains stable and efficient because the thermal storage medium 51 in the first fluidized bed 52 near the outlet 4 has the highest specific heat capacity and density.

[0212] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The diameter of the output port 4 can also be the same as that of the input port 3, but the diameter of the output port 4 and the diameter of the input port 3 are both smaller than the width of the tank body 6.

[0213] In implementation, by setting the inlet 3 and outlet 4 to have the same diameter but smaller than the width of the tank 6, the heat storage gas can flow at a relatively uniform speed within the tank 6, reducing the problem of uneven heat transfer or localized overheating caused by uneven flow velocity. Even though the inlet 3 and outlet 4 have the same diameter, because they are both smaller than the width of the tank 6, the gas has a relatively long flow path when flowing through the tank 6, resulting in a longer contact time with the heat storage medium 51. This helps the gas to absorb the heat energy in the heat storage medium 51 more fully, improving the heat transfer efficiency.

[0214] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 When the system includes multiple tanks 6, and each tank 6 has an input port 3 and an output port 4 at opposite ends, the diameter of the output port 4 on each tank 6 is smaller than the diameter of the input port 3.

[0215] In implementation, by setting the diameter of the outlet 4 in each tank 6 to be smaller than the diameter of the inlet 3, the gas experiences an increase in flow velocity as it passes through each tank 6, thereby enhancing the heat transfer effect between the fluid and the heat storage medium 51 in the different fluidized beds 5 within the different tanks 6. The series connection of multiple tanks 6, combined with the gradient changes in the melting point and particle size of the heat storage medium 51, achieves the stepwise storage and release of thermal energy. The stored gas enters from the inlet 3 of the first tank 6, passes through multiple tanks 6 for heating, and finally flows out from the outlet 4 of the last tank 6, forming a highly efficient heat transfer path. Simultaneously, the smaller diameter of the outlet 4 of each tank 6 limits the flow velocity of the stored gas during outflow, ensuring a stepwise and stable release of thermal energy and avoiding sudden release or loss of heat energy.

[0216] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 Adjacent fluidized beds 5 located within the same tank 6 are separated by air distribution plates 64;

[0217] The air distribution plate 64 is provided with a plurality of through holes 641, which allow the gas to flow between adjacent fluidized beds 5;

[0218] The material, porosity, and aperture of each of the air distribution plates 64 are different.

[0219] The shape of the through hole 641 can be circular, square, elliptical, rhomboid, triangular, pentagonal, etc. Different shapes of the through hole 641 will affect the gas flow speed, flow path, etc. Therefore, setting the shape of the through hole 641 to be circular is more conducive to gas flow.

[0220] It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the air distribution plate 64 can be rectangular, circular, elliptical, etc.; the shape of the air distribution plate 64 is compatible with the internal spatial structure of the tank body 6; the material of the air distribution plate 64 needs to meet the requirement that its melting point is below 2000℃ to ensure that it does not melt during the heat storage and release process; and the air distribution plate 64 has stable physical and chemical properties and does not react chemically with the gas and the heat storage medium 51; for example, the material of the air distribution plate 64 can be steel plate, stainless steel plate, ceramic material, sintered mesh, composite material, etc.

[0221] When only two fluidized beds 5 are set in a tank 6, only one air distribution plate 64 can be set in a tank 6 to separate the two adjacent fluidized beds 5.

[0222] When at least three fluidized beds 5 are provided in a tank 6, at least two air distribution plates 64 can be provided in the tank 6. At this time, at least one of the material, porosity, and aperture of the through hole 641 of the multiple air distribution plates 64 in the same tank 6 is different; for example, at least two air distribution plates 64 in the same tank 6 are made of different materials, or have different porosity, or have different materials and porosity, etc.

[0223] like Figure 3 As shown, when the system includes multiple tanks 6, and each of the multiple tanks 6 contains only one fluidized bed 5, then each tank 6 can be equipped with only one air distribution plate 64. The air distribution plate 64 is located on the side of the tank 6 near the inlet 3. The fluidized bed 5 is between the air distribution plate 64 and the outlet 4. The heat storage medium 51 is in contact with the air distribution plate 64. At this time, at least one of the following is different: the material, the porosity, and the aperture of the through hole 641 of the air distribution plate 64 in different tanks 6.

[0224] When the system includes multiple tanks 6, and each tank 6 can be equipped with two air distribution plates 64, the two air distribution plates 64 are located on the side closer to the inlet 3 and the side closer to the outlet 4 in the tank 6, respectively. The fluidized bed 5 is between the two air distribution plates 64. The heat storage medium is in contact with the air distribution plate 64 on the side closer to the inlet 3. At this time, the material, porosity and aperture of the air distribution plates 64 in different tanks 6 are different. The system can flexibly adjust the number of air distribution plates 64 according to the number of tanks 6 and the number of fluidized beds 5, thereby increasing the convenience of system application.

[0225] Through hole 641 passes through air distribution plate 64, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the system contains multiple tanks 6, and each tank 6 contains only one fluidized bed 5, the through hole 641 is connected to both the fluidized bed 5 and the inlet 3; Figure 4 As shown, when the system includes only one tank 6, and the tank 6 includes at least two fluidized beds 5, the through hole 641 is connected to the inlet 3, the fluidized bed 5 and the outlet 4 respectively;

[0226] The diameter of the through hole 641 can be 10-50mm. For example, the diameter of the through hole 641 can be 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, or 50mm.

[0227] During implementation, gas enters the tank 6 through the inlet 3, passes through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64 and enters the second fluidized bed 53 near the inlet 3, causing the heat storage medium 51 to flow. Then, it enters the next second fluidized bed 53 through the through hole 641 on the adjacent air distribution plate 64. This process continues in multiple fluidized beds 5 in the same tank 6 or in multiple fluidized beds 5 in different tanks 6, ensuring that the heat storage medium 51 in at least two fluidized beds 5 remains in a flowing state during the heat storage stage.

[0228] This embodiment of the application, by setting an air distribution plate 64 and further defining the material, porosity, and aperture of the through holes 641 of the air distribution plate 64, helps to control the flow velocity and mixing degree of gas between adjacent fluidized beds 5, so that heat energy is transferred more evenly to the heat storage medium 51. Furthermore, the different materials and porosity of each air distribution plate 64 also allow the heat storage medium 51 in different fluidized beds 5 to absorb different amounts of heat energy in the same amount of time, thereby achieving graded storage of heat energy. This helps to improve the overall heat energy storage efficiency and allows the system to release heat energy more flexibly when needed.

[0229] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The opening ratio of the air distribution plate 64 is between 10-15%.

[0230] It should be noted that the opening ratio of the air distribution plate 64 represents the proportion of the total volume of the multiple through holes 641 opened on the air distribution plate 64 to the total volume of the air distribution plate 64. In practice, the opening ratio of the air distribution plate 64 can be set to 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15%.

[0231] In implementation, by limiting the opening ratio of the air distribution plate 64, it is necessary to ensure that the gas flows appropriately between adjacent fluidized beds 5. The opening ratio should not be too low, causing gas flow obstruction, nor too high, causing excessive gas flow and hindering sufficient heat exchange. Limiting the opening ratio to between 10-15% ensures uniform gas distribution on the air distribution plate 64, promoting effective heat transfer.

[0232] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The system also includes a gas delivery assembly 8;

[0233] The gas delivery assembly 8 includes a gas outlet 81, and the gas outlet 81 is connected to a gas outlet pipe 82.

[0234] The air outlet pipe 82 is connected to the inlet 3;

[0235] The gas includes fluidizing gas and thermal storage gas, and the fluidizing gas and the thermal storage gas are respectively transported to the fluidized bed 5 from the gas outlet pipeline 82.

[0236] It should be noted that the gas outlet pipe 82 is a hollow pipe with high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, which can be used to transport gases with different properties; the gas outlet pipe 82 can be connected to an external storage device that can store gas, so as to send the gas into the fluidized bed 5 along the inlet 3.

[0237] During implementation, when the heating component 7 heats the fluidized bed 5 inside the tank 6, the fluidizing gas is transported to the fluidized bed 5 along the outlet pipe 82; when heat is released, the transport of fluidizing gas is stopped, and the stored heat gas is transported to the fluidized bed 5 along the outlet pipe 82. By setting the gas delivery component 8 in the system, the system integration is improved, making the system structure more compact and easier to install and maintain.

[0238] In some embodiments, a throttle valve or flow controller may be installed on the gas outlet pipeline 82, and the delivery volume and speed of fluidizing gas and thermal storage gas can be controlled by adjusting the throttle valve or flow controller of the gas outlet pipeline 82, thereby meeting the system's precise requirements for gas flow.

[0239] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 Gas transmission equipment can be connected to the gas outlet pipe 82, and the gas transmission equipment can be connected to a gas storage device such as an external gas storage tank. The gas transmission equipment can be a fan 17, compressor, air pump, blower, ventilator, vacuum pump, etc.

[0240] Preferably, the gas transmission device is a fan 17, and the air inlet of the fan 17 is connected to the side of the air outlet pipe 82 near the air outlet 81, and the air outlet is connected to the side of the air outlet pipe 82 near the input port 3.

[0241] By setting up gas transmission equipment, the power of fluidizing gas and thermal storage gas can be improved. Since the temperature in the fluidized bed 5 is relatively high, the pressure in the tank 6 or the fluidized bed 5 is relatively high. Therefore, by setting up gas transmission equipment, the fluidizing gas and thermal storage gas can flow more smoothly into different fluidized beds 5, ensuring the continuous operation of heat storage and release.

[0242] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand this application, the following embodiments will be used to provide a detailed description of an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections and its control method.

[0243] Example 1

[0244] See Figure 1 The image shows an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections.

[0245] Thermal storage stage:

[0246] (1) Four second thermal storage tanks 2 are set in the energy storage system. The thermal storage medium in each second thermal storage tank 2 is alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, quartz sand particles and concrete particles, respectively. The preset temperatures of the four second thermal storage tanks 2 are set to 1200℃, 1000℃, 800℃ and 500℃, respectively.

[0247] (2) Start the temperature control structure 24. The temperature control structure 24 controls the heating structure 23 to deliver nitrogen to each second heat storage tank 2. The temperature of the nitrogen is set higher than the preset temperature of each second heat storage tank 2. After the nitrogen enters the second heat storage tank 2 through the inlet pipe 22, it releases heat once, so that the alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, quartz sand particles and concrete particles in each second heat storage tank 2 absorb heat and rise in temperature. When the temperature of multiple locations in each second heat storage tank 2 reaches their respective preset temperatures, open the valve 28 so that the nitrogen after the first heat release is discharged through the outlet 25 on each second heat storage tank 2, and then enters the gas tank 16 through the inlet end 161 of the gas tank 16 for premixing.

[0248] (3) After the nitrogen gas that has been released from each of the second heat storage tanks 2 is uniformly premixed in the gas tank 16, the resulting mixed gas is discharged along the gas outlet 162 of the gas tank 16 and then transported to the interior of the first heat storage tank 1 along the inlet on the first part 12 of the first heat storage tank 1 for secondary heat release, so that the concrete particles in the first heat storage tank 1 absorb heat and rise in temperature.

[0249] (4) The nitrogen gas after the secondary heat release is discharged through the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 connected to the second part 13. At this time, the temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 in real time and transmits the outlet temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 to the control device 11.

[0250] (5) The control device 11 responds to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor 15 and determines that when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is not greater than 500°C, it opens the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 and keeps the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 open for a long time, so that the nitrogen gas after secondary heat release flows out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 connected to the second part 13. At the same time, all valves 28 are also open, ensuring that the nitrogen gas after primary heat release in the second heat storage tank 2 can continuously flow into the gas tank 16 to mix, and then flow into the first heat storage tank 1 to heat the concrete particles, ensuring that the energy storage process proceeds smoothly.

[0251] When the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 exceeds 500°C, the control device 11 controls the closure of the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to prevent the high-temperature nitrogen flow after secondary heat release from flowing out.

[0252] (6) When the temperature of each second heat storage tank 2 and the temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 reach the preset temperature, all the nitrogen gas remaining in the system is discharged through the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to complete the heat storage.

[0253] Exothermic phase:

[0254] (1) The control system first controls all valves 28 to open, and controls the outlet of the first thermal storage tank 1 to open;

[0255] (2) The air is blown into the first heat storage tank 1 through the outlet connected to the second part 13 by the fan 17. The first heat storage medium begins to release heat, and the air temperature rises after absorbing heat once.

[0256] (3) After absorbing heat once, the air flows into the gas tank 16 through the inlet of the first part 12 on the first heat storage tank 1 and the outlet 162 of the gas tank 16. Then, it flows into the four second heat storage tanks 2 through the inlet 161 of the gas tank 16. This causes the alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, quartz sand particles and concrete particles in each second heat storage tank 2 to start releasing heat. The air then absorbs heat a second time until the air in each second heat storage tank 2 reaches the preset temperature of each second heat storage tank 2. Then, the air is discharged through the inlet pipe 22 of each second heat storage tank 2 to complete the heat release. At this time, the temperature of the nitrogen gas output from each second heat storage tank 2 is different, which can provide different grades of heat source for the application end.

[0257] Example 2

[0258] See Figure 2 The image shows an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections.

[0259] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that, during the heat storage stage, valve 28 is configured with different functions, specifically including:

[0260] Thermal storage stage:

[0261] (1) Four second thermal storage tanks 2 are set in the energy storage system. The thermal storage medium in each second thermal storage tank 2 is alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, quartz sand particles and concrete particles, respectively. The preset temperatures of the four second thermal storage tanks 2 are set to 1200℃, 1000℃, 800℃ and 500℃, respectively.

[0262] (2) Start the temperature control structure 24. The temperature control structure 24 controls the heating structure 23 to deliver nitrogen to each second heat storage tank 2. The temperature of the nitrogen is set higher than the preset temperature of each second heat storage tank 2. After the nitrogen enters the second heat storage tank 2 through the inlet pipe 22, it releases heat once, so that the alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, quartz sand particles and concrete particles in each second heat storage tank 2 absorb heat and rise in temperature. When the temperature of multiple locations in each second heat storage tank 2 reaches their respective preset temperatures, open the valve 28 so that the nitrogen after the first heat release is discharged through the outlet 25 on each second heat storage tank 2, and then enters the gas tank 16 through the inlet end 161 of the gas tank 16 for premixing.

[0263] (3) After the nitrogen gas that has been released from each of the second heat storage tanks 2 is uniformly premixed in the gas tank 16, the resulting mixed gas is discharged along the gas outlet 162 of the gas tank 16 and then transported to the interior of the first heat storage tank 1 along the inlet on the first part 12 of the first heat storage tank 1 for secondary heat release, so that the concrete particles in the first heat storage tank 1 absorb heat and rise in temperature.

[0264] (4) The nitrogen gas after the secondary heat release is discharged through the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 connected to the first part 12. At this time, the temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 in real time and transmits the outlet temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 to the control device 11.

[0265] (5) The control device 11 responds to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor 15 and determines that when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is not greater than 500°C, it opens the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 and keeps the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 open for a long time, so that the nitrogen gas after secondary heat release flows out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 connected to the first part 12. At the same time, all valves 28 are also open, ensuring that the nitrogen gas after primary heat release in the second heat storage tank 2 can continuously flow into the gas tank 16 to mix, and then flow into the first heat storage tank 1 to heat the concrete particles, ensuring that the energy storage process proceeds smoothly.

[0266] When the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 exceeds 500°C, the control device 11 controls the closure of the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to prevent the high-temperature nitrogen gas after secondary heat release from flowing out. At the same time, all valves 28 are closed to prevent overheated nitrogen gas from flowing into the gas tank 16 for mixing, and to prevent overheated nitrogen gas from continuing to flow into the first heat storage tank 1.

[0267] (6) When the temperature of each second heat storage tank 2 and the temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 reach the preset temperature, all the nitrogen gas remaining in the system is discharged through the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to complete the heat storage.

[0268] The heat release phase is the same as in Example 1.

[0269] Example 3

[0270] See Figure 2 The image shows an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections.

[0271] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that: in the heat storage stage, only one second heat storage tank 2 is used for heat storage, and in the heat release stage, only one second heat storage tank 2 is used for heat release, while the other three second heat storage tanks 2 are in a closed state. Specifically, this includes:

[0272] (1) Set up four second thermal storage tanks 2 in the energy storage system, put alumina particles in only one of the second thermal storage tanks 2, and set the preset temperature of one of the second thermal storage tanks 2 to 1500℃. Do not store the second thermal storage medium in the other three second thermal storage tanks 2, and keep the temperature at room temperature.

[0273] (2) Start the temperature control structure 24. The temperature control structure 24 controls the heating structure 23 to deliver air to the second heat storage tank 2. The temperature of the air is set to be higher than the preset temperature of the second heat storage tank 2. After the air enters the second heat storage tank 2 along the air inlet pipe 22, it releases heat once, so that the alumina particles in the second heat storage tank 2 absorb heat and rise in temperature. When the temperature at multiple locations in the second heat storage tank 2 reaches the preset temperature, the valve 28 is opened, so that the air after the first heat release is discharged along the outlet 25 on the second heat storage tank 2, and then enters the gas tank 16 along the air inlet 161 of the gas tank 16 for premixing.

[0274] (3) The air that has been released from the second heat storage tank 2 after the first heat release is discharged through the air outlet 162 of the air tank 16 and then transported to the inside of the first heat storage tank 1 through the inlet of the first part 12 of the first heat storage tank 1 for secondary heat release, so that the concrete particles in the first heat storage tank 1 absorb heat and rise in temperature.

[0275] (4) The air after the secondary heat release is discharged through the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 connected to the first part 12. At this time, the temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 in real time and transmits the outlet temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 to the control device 11.

[0276] (5) The control device 11 responds to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor 15 and determines that when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 is not greater than 500°C, it opens the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 and keeps the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 open for a long time, so that the air after the secondary heat release flows out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 connected to the first part 12. At the same time, only the valve 28 on the pipeline connecting the second heat storage tank and the gas tank 16 is set to the open state, so as to ensure that the air after the first heat release in the second heat storage tank 2 can continuously flow into the gas tank 16, and then flow into the first heat storage tank 1 through the gas outlet 162 of the gas tank 16 to heat the concrete particles, so as to ensure that the energy storage process proceeds smoothly.

[0277] When the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 exceeds 500°C, the control device 11 controls the closure of the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to prevent the high-temperature air after secondary heat release from flowing out.

[0278] (6) When the temperature of the second heat storage tank 2 and the temperature of the first heat storage tank 1 both reach the preset temperature, all the remaining air in the system is discharged through the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to complete the heat storage.

[0279] Exothermic phase:

[0280] (1) The control system first controls the valve 28 on the connecting pipeline between the second heat storage tank 2 and the gas tank 16 to open, and controls the outlet of the first heat storage tank 1 to open;

[0281] (2) Use blower 17 to blow nitrogen into the first heat storage tank 1 through the outlet connected to the first part 12. The first heat storage medium begins to release heat, and the nitrogen gas absorbs heat once and its temperature rises.

[0282] (3) After absorbing heat once, the nitrogen gas flows into the gas tank 16 through the inlet of the first part 12 on the first heat storage tank 1 and the outlet 162 of the gas tank 16. Then, it flows into the second heat storage tank 2 through the inlet 161 of the gas tank 16, causing the alumina particles in the second heat storage tank 2 to start releasing heat. The nitrogen gas absorbs heat a second time until the nitrogen gas in the second heat storage tank 2 reaches the preset temperature of the second heat storage tank 2. Then, the nitrogen gas is discharged through the inlet pipe 22 of the second heat storage tank 2 to complete the heat release.

[0283] Example 4

[0284] See Figure 3 The image shows an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections.

[0285] (1) Air is fed into the tank 6 through the outlet pipe 82 and the inlet 3 of the first tank 6, and the heating components 7 on the three tanks 6 are activated to heat the fluidized bed 5 inside the tank 6.

[0286] (2) The air flows upward into the first tank 6 and flows into the second fluidized bed 53 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64, which drives the cast iron particles with a particle size of 1cm in the second fluidized bed 53 to flow. The air then flows upward through the pipeline along the outlet 4 of the first tank 6 to the second tank 6.

[0287] (3) Air flows upward from the inlet 3 of the second tank 6 into the second tank 6, and flows into the second fluidized bed 53 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64, which drives the iron particles with a particle size of 1.5cm in the second fluidized bed 53 to flow. The air then flows upward along the outlet 4 of the second tank 6 through the pipeline to the third tank 6.

[0288] (4) Air flows upward from the inlet 3 of the third tank 6 into the third tank 6, and flows into the first fluidized bed 52 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64, causing the alumina particles with a particle size of 1.8 cm in the first fluidized bed 52 to start flowing. The air is then discharged upward from the third tank 6 through the outlet 4 of the third tank 6. By continuously inputting air, the heat storage medium 51 in the fluidized bed 5 of the three tanks 6 is kept in a flowing state until the temperature in the first tank 6 reaches 800℃, the temperature in the second tank 6 reaches 1000℃, and the temperature in the third tank 6 reaches 1200℃. Then, the heating components 7 on all tanks 6 are turned off, heating is stopped, and air supply is stopped.

[0289] (5) Then nitrogen gas is sent into the tank 6 through the outlet pipe 82 and the inlet 3 on the first tank 6. It flows into the second fluidized bed 53 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64. The cast iron particles in the second fluidized bed 53 begin to release heat, and the nitrogen gas absorbs heat and rises in temperature. The heated nitrogen gas is sent upward through the pipe through the outlet 4 of the first tank 6 to the second tank 6.

[0290] (6) Nitrogen flows upward from the inlet 3 of the second tank 6 into the second tank 6, and flows into the second fluidized bed 53 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64. The iron particles in the second fluidized bed 53 begin to release heat, and the nitrogen continues to absorb heat and rise in temperature. The heated nitrogen then flows upward through the pipeline from the outlet 4 of the second tank 6 to the third tank 6.

[0291] (7) Nitrogen flows upward from the inlet 3 of the third tank 6 into the third tank 6, and flows into the first fluidized bed 52 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64. The alumina particles in the first fluidized bed 52 begin to release heat, and the nitrogen continues to absorb heat and rise in temperature. The heated air is discharged upward from the third tank 6 through the outlet 4 of the third tank 6. Nitrogen is continuously input until the heat release is completed.

[0292] Example 5

[0293] See Figure 4 The image shows an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections.

[0294] (1) Nitrogen gas is fed into the tank 6 through the outlet pipe 82 and the inlet 3 on the tank 6. Nitrogen gas flows upward into the second fluidized bed 53 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64 near the inlet 3 in the tank 6, which drives the cast iron particles with a particle size of less than 1 cm in the first second fluidized bed 53 to flow.

[0295] Start the heating component 7 on tank 6 to heat all three fluidized beds 5 inside tank 6 to 1200℃;

[0296] (2) Nitrogen gas flows upward through the through hole 641 on the second air distribution plate 64 to the next second fluidized bed 53, driving the iron particles with a particle size of 1.5 cm in the second fluidized bed 53 to flow, and then upward along the through hole 641 on the third air distribution plate 64 to the first fluidized bed 52, driving the alumina particles with a particle size of 1.8 cm in the first fluidized bed 52 to flow. By continuously introducing nitrogen gas, the heat storage medium 51 on each fluidized bed 5 in the tank 6 is kept in a flowing state until the temperature of the three fluidized beds 5 is 1200℃, then the nitrogen gas is stopped and the heater is turned off.

[0297] (3) Then nitrogen gas is fed into tank 6 through outlet pipe 82 and inlet 3 on tank 6. Nitrogen gas flows upward into the first second fluidized bed 53 through through hole 641 on air distribution plate 64 near inlet 3 inside tank 6. Cast iron particles in the first second fluidized bed 53 start to release heat, nitrogen gas absorbs heat and rises in temperature. The heated nitrogen gas rises upward through through hole 641 on second air distribution plate 64 to reach the next second fluidized bed 53. Iron particles in second fluidized bed 53 release heat, nitrogen gas absorbs heat and rises in temperature. The heated nitrogen gas rises upward through through hole 641 on third air distribution plate 64 to reach first fluidized bed 52. Alumina particles in first fluidized bed 52 start to release heat. By continuously introducing nitrogen gas, the heat release is completed.

[0298] Example 6

[0299] See Figure 5 The image shows an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections.

[0300] (1) Argon gas is fed into the tank 6 through the outlet pipe 82 and the inlet 3 on the tank 6. Argon gas flows upward into the second fluidized bed 53 through the through hole 641 on the air distribution plate 64 near the inlet 3 in the tank 6, which drives the cast iron particles with a particle size of less than 1 cm in the first second fluidized bed 53 to flow. The three heating components 7 on the tank 6 are started to heat the three fluidized beds 5 in the tank 6 to 800℃, 1000℃ and 1200℃ respectively.

[0301] (2) Argon gas rises through the through hole 641 on the second air distribution plate 64 to the next second fluidized bed 53, causing the iron particles with a diameter of 1.5 cm in the second fluidized bed 53 to start flowing, and then rises along the through hole 641 on the third air distribution plate 64 to the first fluidized bed 52, causing the alumina particles with a diameter of 1.8 cm in the first fluidized bed 52 to flow. By continuously introducing argon gas, the heat storage medium 51 on each fluidized bed 5 in the tank 6 is kept in a flowing state until the temperature of the three fluidized beds 5 reaches 800℃, 1000℃ and 1200℃ respectively, then the argon gas is stopped and the three heaters are turned off.

[0302] (3) Then, argon gas is fed into tank 6 through outlet pipe 82 and inlet 3 on tank 6. Argon gas flows upward into the first second fluidized bed 53 through through hole 641 on air distribution plate 64 near inlet 3 inside tank 6. Cast iron particles in the first second fluidized bed 53 start to release heat, argon gas absorbs heat and rises in temperature. The heated argon gas rises upward through through hole 641 on second air distribution plate 64 to reach the next second fluidized bed 53. Iron particles in second fluidized bed 53 release heat, argon gas absorbs heat and rises in temperature. The heated argon gas rises upward through through hole 641 on third air distribution plate 64 to reach first fluidized bed 52. Alumina particles in first fluidized bed 52 start to release heat. Argon gas is continuously introduced until the heat release is completed.

[0303] In summary, this application provides an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage stages. By setting up multiple second thermal storage tanks and a first thermal storage tank in the system, each second thermal storage tank can be independently heated to different temperatures, achieving distributed heating. This effectively reduces the temperature gradient inside the tanks, avoids the formation of thermoclines, and improves thermal storage efficiency and energy density. Furthermore, the system employs a multi-stage fluidized bed configuration to gradually release heat energy during the heat release process. The first fluidized bed is equipped with a high specific heat capacity and high-density thermal storage medium to maintain a relatively high outlet temperature at the initial stage of heat release. Subsequent fluidized beds continuously supply energy, ensuring a stable outlet temperature throughout the heat release process, avoiding significant temperature drops, and significantly improving the system's thermal efficiency and operational stability.

[0304] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0305] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0306] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0307] The above provides a detailed description of an industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes: The first heat storage tank (1) and a plurality of second heat storage tanks (2) are connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1). Each second heat storage tank (2) is provided with an inlet (21). The inlets (21) of the plurality of second heat storage tanks (2) are respectively connected to a plurality of air inlet pipes (22). The plurality of air inlet pipes (22) are independent of each other. Each of the second heat storage tanks (2) is connected to a heating structure (23), which is used to heat the internal space of the tank. Each heating structure (23) is connected to a temperature control structure (24). The air inlet pipe (22) of each of the second heat storage tanks (2) is set to be open, and the heating structure (23) sends gas of different temperatures into each of the second heat storage tanks (2) and heats the second heat storage tanks (2) so that the temperature inside each of the second heat storage tanks (2) is different; or, only the air inlet pipe (22) of one or more of the second heat storage tanks (2) is open; The temperature control structure (24) is configured to heat different second heat storage tanks (2) to different temperatures via the heating structure (23); wherein the heated temperature is at least higher than 500°C; The first heat storage tank (1) stores a first heat storage medium. The first heat storage tank (1) is configured to heat the first heat storage medium by the gas output from the second heat storage tank (2). The first heat storage tank (1) is connected to a control device (11). The control device (11) is configured to open the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is not greater than 500°C, so that the gas flows out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1), and to close the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is greater than 500°C. Each of the second heat storage tanks (2) contains a second heat storage medium; Among them, the specific heat capacity, particle size and density of the second heat storage medium in the multiple second heat storage tanks (2) are different.

2. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 1, characterized in that, A temperature sensor (15) is connected to the outlet pipe (14) of the first thermal storage tank (1); The temperature sensor (15) is configured to transmit the temperature of the outlet of the first thermal storage tank (1) to the control device (11).

3. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gas tank (16) is connected between the outlet (25) of the second thermal storage tank (2) and the inlet of the first thermal storage tank (1); The inlet (161) of the gas tank (16) is connected to the outlet (25) of the second heat storage tank (2), and the outlet (162) of the gas tank (16) is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1). The gas tank (16) is configured to premix the gases output from the plurality of second heat storage tanks (2) and send the mixed gas into the interior of the first heat storage tank (1) through the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1) to heat the first heat storage medium.

4. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the gas tank (16) is covered with an insulation layer.

5. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 3, characterized in that, Valves (28) are provided on the pipelines between the outlets (25) of the multiple second thermal storage tanks (2) and the gas tank (16); The valve (28) is configured to open after the temperature at multiple locations in the second heat storage tank (2) reaches a preset temperature, so that the gas is discharged from the outlet (25) of the second heat storage tank (2) into the gas tank (16) for premixing.

6. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 5, characterized in that, The valve (28) is also configured to open when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is not greater than 500°C and to close when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is greater than 500°C, so as to prevent the gas from being discharged into the gas tank (16) through the outlet (25) of the second heat storage tank (2) for premixing, and to prevent excessive mixed gas from flowing into the first heat storage tank (1) through the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1).

7. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 5, characterized in that, A fan (17) is installed on the outlet pipe (14) of the first heat storage tank (1), and the fan (17) is used to blow heat storage gas into the first heat storage tank (1); When the fan (17) delivers the heat storage gas, all the valves (28) are set to open so that the heat storage gas can enter multiple second heat storage tanks (2) for heating.

8. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first thermal storage tank (1) and / or the second thermal storage tank (2) include: The first part (12) and the second part (13) connected to the first part (12) have an inlet for the first heat storage tank (1) on the first part (12) and the second part (13) is connected to the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1). The size of the first part (12) along the diameter direction of the inlet of the first heat storage tank (1) gradually decreases in the direction away from the second part (13).

9. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the second heat storage tanks (2) contains a second heat storage medium; Among them, the specific heat capacity, particle size and density of the second heat storage medium in multiple second heat storage tanks (2) are different; The specific heat capacity, particle size, and density of the first thermal storage medium are different from those of the second thermal storage medium.

10. An industrial energy storage control method with multiple thermal storage sections, characterized in that, The control method, applied to the industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprises: The heating structure (23) is controlled to heat the second heat storage tank (2); Obtain the temperature of each of the second thermal storage tanks (2); When the temperature of each of the second heat storage tanks (2) reaches its respective preset temperature, the gas in the second heat storage tank (2) is controlled to flow into the first heat storage tank (1) and heat the first heat storage medium in the first heat storage tank (1); When the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is not greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is opened to allow the gas to flow out from the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1), and when the temperature at the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is greater than 500°C, the outlet of the first heat storage tank (1) is closed.

11. An industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes an input port (3) and an output port (4); and, At least two fluidized beds (5) are connected in series on the path between the inlet (3) and the outlet (4); At least one tank (6), one of the tanks (6) includes all or part of the fluidized bed (5), each of the fluidized beds (5) includes a heat storage medium (51) that is capable of flowing under the action of gas, the inlet (3) is configured to input the gas, and the outlet (4) is configured to discharge the gas after it has flowed through each of the fluidized beds (5); the energy storage system includes a plurality of second fluidized beds (53), and the specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium (51) in the plurality of second fluidized beds (53) are different; A heating component (7) is disposed outside the tank body (6), one tank body (6) corresponds to at least one heating component (7), and one heating component (7) is used to heat at least one fluidized bed (5); Among them, the specific heat capacity and density of the heat storage medium (51) in the first fluidized bed (52) connected to the output port (4) are higher than those of the heat storage medium (51) in the second fluidized bed (53), and at least one of the particle size, melting point, mass and volume of the heat storage medium (51) in at least two of the fluidized beds (5) is different; Wherein, the second fluidized bed (53) is the fluidized bed (5) other than the first fluidized bed (52); Wherein, the first fluidized bed (52) is the fluidized bed (5) directly connected to the output port (4), and the second fluidized bed (53) is all the fluidized beds (5) from the input port (3) to the first fluidized bed (52); The system includes only one tank (6), the inlet (3) and the outlet (4) are respectively located at both ends of the tank (6), all the fluidized beds (5) are located in the same tank (6), and at least two fluidized beds (5) are aligned along the direction from the inlet (3) to the outlet (4); One heating component (7) can be installed on the same tank (6) to make the temperature of different fluidized beds (5) in the same tank (6) the same; or, multiple heating components (7) can be installed on the same tank (6), with each heating component (7) corresponding to a fluidized bed (5) to make the temperature of different fluidized beds (5) in the same tank (6) different.

12. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 11, characterized in that, The heat storage medium (51) is at least one of iron particles, cast iron particles, alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon carbide particles, quartz sand particles and copper particles.

13. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 11, characterized in that, The particle size of the heat storage medium (51) in the multiple fluidized beds (5) is less than 2 cm.

14. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 11, characterized in that, The melting point of the heat storage medium (51) in the at least two fluidized beds (5) connected in series increases sequentially from the inlet (3) to the outlet (4), and the particle size of the heat storage medium (51) in the at least two fluidized beds (5) connected in series increases sequentially from the inlet (3) to the outlet (4).

15. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 11, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes multiple tanks (6), and each tank (6) contains a portion of the fluidized bed (5); Among them, the inlet (3) of one of the two adjacent tanks (6) is connected to the outlet (4) of the other tank (6) through a pipe.

16. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 11, characterized in that, In the energy storage system, the diameter of the output port (4) is smaller than the diameter of the input port (3).

17. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 11, characterized in that, Adjacent fluidized beds (5) located within the same tank (6) are separated by air distribution plates (64); The air distribution plate (64) has a plurality of through holes (641) for the gas to flow between adjacent fluidized beds (5); Among them, at least one of the material, porosity and aperture of the through hole (641) of each of the air distribution plates (64) is different.

18. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 17, characterized in that, The opening ratio of the air distribution plate (64) is between 10% and 15%.

19. The industrial energy storage system with multiple thermal storage sections according to claim 11, characterized in that, The system also includes a gas delivery assembly (8); The gas delivery assembly (8) includes a gas outlet (81), and the gas outlet (81) is connected to a gas outlet pipe (82); The air outlet pipe (82) is connected to the inlet (3); The gas includes fluidizing gas and thermal storage gas, and the fluidizing gas and the thermal storage gas are respectively transported from the gas outlet pipeline (82) to the fluidized bed (5).

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