Accumulated snow measuring equipment and accumulated snow measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses accumulated snow measuring equipment and a measuring method. The equipment comprises a main body supporting mechanism and an accumulated snow measuring mechanism arranged on the main body supporting mechanism, the main body supporting mechanism comprises a cylindrical main body supporting column body which is vertically arranged in an extending mode, a distributed lifting containing groove is formed in the bottom of the main body supporting column body, and a distributed supporting column body is slidably connected into the distributed lifting containing groove in the vertical direction; a measuring instrument containing cavity is formed in the lower end of the distributed supporting column body. The accumulated snow measuring mechanism comprises an accumulated snow liquid water content measuring sensor which is arranged in the measuring instrument containing cavity in a sliding mode in the horizontal direction. The measuring equipment can accurately measure the water content of accumulated snow so as to meet the requirements in the fields of scientific research, weather forecast, hydrological monitoring and the like; a plurality of accumulated snow liquid water content measuring sensors are arranged at different depth positions, so that multi-layer water content information of the accumulated snow can be obtained, the limitation of single-point measurement is changed, and the water content distribution condition in the accumulated snow can be known more comprehensively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of snow accumulation measurement, and in particular to a snow accumulation measurement device and a measurement method. Background Art

[0002] Snowpack is a vital component of water resources. Accurately measuring its moisture content helps understand the storage and distribution of regional water resources, providing a basis for their rational development and utilization. For example, in arid regions, spring snowmelt is a crucial source of water. Measuring snowwater content can help estimate snowmelt runoff, enabling the rational allocation of agricultural irrigation and urban water supply.

[0003] For agricultural production, snow moisture content affects spring soil moisture conditions. If the snow contains sufficient moisture, melting provides sufficient water to the soil, facilitating crop sowing and seedling emergence. Conversely, if the snow contains insufficient moisture, irrigation and other measures may be necessary to ensure crop growth. Furthermore, understanding snow moisture content can help farmers plan their agricultural activities, such as determining sowing times and fertilization schedules based on snowmelt timing and water availability.

[0004] However, in the existing technology, the measurement method for measuring the water content in snow is relatively simple. When the snow thickness is large, the measurement error is large, and the measurement equipment needs to be further improved and optimized. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a snow accumulation measuring device and a measuring method, which can measure the water content of snow more accurately and conveniently.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A snow accumulation measuring device comprises a main body supporting mechanism, a snow accumulation measuring mechanism arranged on the main body supporting mechanism;

[0008] The main body support mechanism includes a cylindrical main body support column extending vertically, and the bottom of the main body support column has a plurality of distributed lifting accommodating grooves with openings facing downwards, and the distributed support columns are connected to the distributed lifting accommodating grooves in a vertical sliding direction;

[0009] A plurality of distributed support columns are arranged around the circumference of the main support column, and a stepped drive mechanism is provided between each distributed support column;

[0010] There is a measuring instrument accommodating chamber inside the lower end of the distributed support column. The snow measurement mechanism includes a snow liquid water content measuring sensor arranged in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber along the horizontal direction, a snow depth detection mechanism arranged on the main support column, and an instrument cleaning mechanism arranged in the main support column.

[0011] Preferably, a sensor housing tube extending horizontally and communicating with the inside and outside is fixed on the inner wall of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber, a sensor extension support column is slidably connected to the sensor housing tube, and a sensor extension drive rod for driving the sensor extension support column to move is fixed in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber. The sensor extension drive rod is an electrically controlled telescopic rod driven by a servo motor in the prior art, the outer rod end of the sensor extension drive rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber, and the inner rod end of the sensor extension drive rod is fixedly connected to one end of the sensor extension support column located in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber;

[0012] The snow liquid water content measuring sensor is fixed to the end of the sensor extension support column away from the sensor extension driving rod;

[0013] Note: Placing the snow liquid water content measurement sensor in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber can provide good protection for the snow liquid water content measurement sensor.

[0014] Preferably, the stepped drive mechanism includes a plurality of stepped drive accommodating slots arranged inside the main support column and extending in the vertical direction for connecting two adjacent distributed lifting accommodating slots, and the sides of two adjacent distributed support columns that are close to each other are both connected to the stepped drive accommodating slots;

[0015] A first step drive rack and a second step drive rack extending in the vertical direction are fixed to one side of two adjacent distributed support columns and close to each other, and a first step drive gear and a second step drive gear fixed coaxially are rotatably connected in the stepped drive accommodating groove, and the diameter of the first step drive gear is 1.1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the second step drive gear;

[0016] The first step drive gear is meshed and connected with the first step drive rack, and the second step drive gear is meshed and connected with the second step drive rack;

[0017] An initial distributed support column is driven to move in the vertical direction by a linear motor structure arranged in a distributed lifting accommodating slot. The stator of the linear motor structure is arranged on the inner wall of the distributed lifting accommodating slot in the vertical direction, and the mover of the linear motor structure is fixed on the initial distributed support column.

[0018] Description: The distributed support columns are driven by a stepped drive mechanism to be inserted into the snow at various depths in a stepped arrangement. The water content of the snow at multiple depths is measured to more accurately estimate the overall water content of the snow.

[0019] Preferably, a snow depth detection hole with an opening facing downward is provided at the lower end of the main support column, and the snow depth detection mechanism includes a snow depth measuring sensor fixed at the top of the snow depth detection hole, and the snow depth measuring sensor is an ultrasonic snow depth measuring sensor.

[0020] Description: The snow depth detection mechanism is used to facilitate the measurement of the overall depth of snow.

[0021] Preferably, the main support column has a cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber inside, and the instrument cleaning mechanism includes a high-pressure air tank fixed in the cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber;

[0022] The lower end of the high-pressure air tank is provided with a high-pressure air delivery pipe connected to the interior thereof, and the high-pressure air delivery pipe is provided with an air delivery control valve;

[0023] A first cleaning vent hole is provided on the inner wall of the cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber, which is connected to the distributed lifting accommodating groove, and a high-pressure air delivery pipe is connected to the first cleaning vent hole;

[0024] The outer side of the distributed support column is provided with a second cleaning vent hole connected to the measuring instrument accommodating chamber, and the second cleaning vent hole is arranged on a side close to the first cleaning vent hole;

[0025] The outer side wall of the sensor outwardly extending support column is provided with a cleaning ventilation slot extending parallel to the axis thereof.

[0026] Note: After the work is completed, the snow liquid water content measurement sensor needs to be retracted into the measuring instrument's accommodating chamber. However, during the measurement process, it is inevitable that snow will adhere to the outer surface of the snow liquid water content measurement sensor. The instrument cleaning mechanism needs to be used to clean the remaining snow.

[0027] Preferably, a down-looking ranging mechanism is provided on the main support column, and the down-looking ranging mechanism includes a down-looking ranging support column fixed on the outside of the main support column near the top position, and the lower side of the down-looking ranging support column has a down-looking ranging connection hole with an opening facing downward, and a laser rangefinder is fixed in the down-looking ranging connection hole.

[0028] Note: Use the downward distance measuring mechanism to measure the distance between the main support column and the snow surface to determine the distance the main support column needs to be lowered.

[0029] Preferably, a carrier support rocker mechanism is connected to the main support column, and the carrier support rocker mechanism includes a carrier support base plate fixedly connected to the carrier, a vertically extending first carrier support column is fixed to the top of the carrier support base plate, a first carrier support ring coaxial with the first carrier support column is rotatably connected to the first carrier support column, a first carrier support rocker arm is fixed to the outer side of the first carrier support ring, a second carrier support seat is fixed to the second carrier support seat, a vertically extending second carrier support column is rotatably connected to the second carrier support ring coaxial with the second carrier support column, a second carrier support rocker arm is fixed to the outer side of the second carrier support ring, and a third carrier support ring with a vertically extending axis is fixed to the other end of the second carrier support rocker arm;

[0030] A vertically extending rocker arm connecting support column is fixed on the top of the main support column, and the rocker arm connecting support column is slidably connected to the third carrier support ring along the vertical direction;

[0031] The outer side of the third carrier support ring is fixed with an end lifting fixed cylinder with an opening facing downward, and the end lifting sliding cylinder with an opening facing upward is slidably connected inside the end lifting fixed cylinder. The top of the main support column is fixed with an end lifting fixed support ring coaxially arranged with the rocker arm connection support column, and the top of the end lifting fixed support ring is rotatably connected with a end lifting rotating support ring coaxial with it, and the lower end of the end lifting sliding cylinder is fixedly connected to the end lifting rotating support ring;

[0032] An end lifting driving rod for driving the end lifting sliding cylinder to move up and down is arranged in the end lifting fixed cylinder.

[0033] Description: The entire device of the present invention is installed on a vehicle, such as a pickup truck that is good at off-road driving, or a tracked unmanned remote-controlled vehicle that can adapt to more complex terrain. The vehicle carries the entire device to the vicinity of the predetermined measurement point, and the vehicle supports the rocker arm mechanism to quickly move the main support column to the position of the predetermined measurement point.

[0034] Preferably, a snow accumulation measurement method, based on the above-mentioned snow accumulation measurement device, comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. Positioning arrangement:

[0036] Move the entire main support column to the predetermined measuring point, and make the lower end of the main support column flush with the snow surface;

[0037] S2. Measure snow depth:

[0038] The snow depth detection mechanism is used to measure the overall depth of the snow. After the lower end of the main support column is flush with the snow surface, the robot will hover and use the snow depth measurement sensor to measure the total depth of the snow.

[0039] S3, step-by-step layered measurement:

[0040] Each distributed support column moves downward, extends from the distributed lifting accommodating slot and is inserted into the snow. The insertion depth of the remaining distributed support columns decreases in a step-by-step manner relative to the initial distributed support column.

[0041] Then, the snow liquid water content measuring sensor is extended from the side of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber, and the liquid water content in the snow is measured by using the snow liquid water content measuring sensor;

[0042] S4. Clean the remaining snow at the snow liquid water content measurement sensor:

[0043] After the work is completed, the snow liquid water content measurement sensor needs to be retracted into the measuring instrument's accommodating chamber. However, during the measurement process, it is inevitable that snow will adhere to the space between the upper and lower support sliders of the measuring instrument, as well as the outer surface of the snow liquid water content measurement sensor. The instrument cleaning mechanism needs to be used to clean the remaining snow.

[0044] First, when the distributed support column is retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot, the second cleaning vent will be connected to the first cleaning vent. At this time, the distributed support column is suspended in the distributed lifting accommodating slot, and the air delivery control valve is opened to discharge the compressed air in the high-pressure air tank from the high-pressure air delivery pipe and flow through the first cleaning vent and the second cleaning vent in sequence, blowing the air into the interior of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber. The air is then discharged through each cleaning vent slot, and the snow remaining on the outer surface of the snow liquid water content measurement sensor is cleared by the impact of the air flow. After the snow liquid water content measurement sensor is completely retracted into the sensor accommodating tube, the air delivery control valve is closed to stop the purging.

[0045] Finally, the distributed support column is completely retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot. When the distributed support column is completely retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot, the second cleaning vent and the first cleaning vent are in a staggered isolation state.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in the following aspects:

[0047] 1. The present invention has a reasonable structural design and can accurately measure the moisture content of snow, providing precise data to meet the data accuracy requirements of scientific research, weather forecasting, hydrological monitoring and other fields. Accurate snow moisture content data is crucial for accurately predicting spring snowmelt runoff.

[0048] 2. The present invention is easy to operate and provides more comprehensive and accurate measurements. By placing multiple snow liquid water content measurement sensors at different depths, it can obtain multi-layered snow moisture information, overcoming the limitations of single-point measurement. This allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the moisture distribution within the snow, providing richer data support for accurately estimating the overall snow moisture content, and improving measurement accuracy and reliability.

[0049] 3. The measuring device of the present invention is well suited for measuring snow of various thicknesses. The distributed support column, which can be raised and lowered, and the stepped drive mechanism enable the device to be adjusted according to the actual snow thickness and adapt to various snow conditions. Whether it is thin snow or thick snow, the snow liquid water content measurement sensor can be accurately placed at the appropriate depth for measurement by adjusting the height of the support column.

[0050] 4. The measuring equipment of the present invention has strong stability and can work stably under various environmental conditions such as low temperature, strong wind and high altitude. It is minimally disturbed by external factors, thus ensuring the reliability of the measurement results.

[0051] 5. The present invention uses multiple measurement methods to work together, which can more accurately measure and estimate the structure and moisture distribution of snow. Measuring multiple locations and depths can reflect the changes in the moisture content of snow in a certain area, avoiding measurement deviations caused by local differences, making the measurement results more representative, and more accurately reflecting the overall moisture content of the entire snow area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view of

[0054] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the carrier supporting rocker arm mechanism of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A top view of

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor for measuring the liquid water content of snow according to the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a snow depth detection mechanism of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 It is the cleaning mechanism of the instrument of the present invention.

[0059] In the figure, 10-main body support mechanism, 11-main body support column, 110-distributed lifting accommodating groove, 12-distributed support column, 120-measuring instrument accommodating chamber, 13-stepped drive mechanism, 130-stepped drive accommodating groove, 131-first step drive rack, 132-second step drive rack, 133-first step drive gear, 134-second step drive gear, 14-carrier support rocker mechanism, 141-carrier support base plate, 142-first carrier support column, 143-first carrier support ring, 144-first carrier support rocker, 145-second carrier support seat, 146-second carrier support column, 147-second carrier support ring, 148-second carrier support rocker, 149-third carrier support ring, 15-rocker connecting support column, 151-end lifting fixed cylinder, 152 -Terminal lifting sliding cylinder, 153-terminal lifting fixed support ring, 154-terminal lifting rotating support ring, 155-terminal lifting drive rod, 20-snow measurement mechanism, 21-snow liquid water content measurement sensor, 211-sensor accommodating tube, 212-sensor extension support column, 213-sensor extension drive rod, 22-snow depth detection mechanism, 220-snow depth detection connecting hole, 221-snow depth measurement sensor, 23-instrument cleaning mechanism, 230-cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber, 231-high-pressure air tank, 232-high-pressure air delivery pipe, 2320-air delivery control valve, 233-first cleaning vent, 234-second cleaning vent, 235-cleaning vent slot, 24-overhead distance measurement mechanism, 241-overhead distance measurement support column, 242-overhead distance measurement connecting hole, 243-laser rangefinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following combination Figures 1 to 7 The present invention is described in detail. For the convenience of description, the directions mentioned below are defined as follows: the up, down, left, right, front and back directions mentioned below are consistent with the up, down, left, right, front and back directions of the projection relationship of each main view or structural schematic diagram itself.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] A snow measurement device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a main body support mechanism 10 and a snow accumulation measurement mechanism 20 provided on the main body support mechanism 10;

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, the main body support mechanism 10 includes a cylindrical main body support column 11 extending vertically. The bottom of the main body support column 11 has a plurality of distributed lifting accommodating grooves 110 with downward openings. The distributed lifting accommodating grooves 110 are vertically slidably connected with distributed support columns 12.

[0064] A plurality of distributed support columns 12 are arranged around the circumference of the main support column 11, and a stepped drive mechanism 13 is provided between each distributed support column 12;

[0065] The lower end of the distributed support column 12 has a measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120. The snow measurement mechanism 20 includes a snow liquid water content measuring sensor 21 that slides horizontally in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120, a snow depth detection mechanism 22 installed on the main support column 11, and an instrument cleaning mechanism 23 installed in the main support column 11.

[0066] The snow liquid water content measurement sensor 21 is a product of the prior art, for example, it may be a SPA-2 sensor.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, a sensor housing tube 211 extending horizontally and communicating with the inside and outside of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120 is fixed to the inner wall thereof. A sensor extension support column 212 is slidably connected to the sensor housing tube 211. A sensor extension drive rod 213 for driving the sensor extension support column 212 to move is fixed in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120. The sensor extension drive rod 213 is an electrically controlled telescopic rod driven by a servo motor in the prior art. The outer rod end of the sensor extension drive rod 213 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120, and the inner rod end of the sensor extension drive rod 213 is fixedly connected to one end of the sensor extension support column 212 located in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120.

[0068] The snow liquid water content measuring sensor 21 is fixed to the end of the sensor extension support column 212 away from the sensor extension driving rod 213;

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the lower end of the main support column 11 is provided with a snow depth detection hole 220 with an opening facing downward, and the snow depth detection mechanism 22 includes a snow depth measuring sensor 221 fixed at the top of the snow depth detection hole 220. The snow depth measuring sensor 221 is an ultrasonic snow depth measuring sensor.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, the main support column 11 has a cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber 230 inside, and the instrument cleaning mechanism 23 includes a high-pressure air tank 231 fixed in the cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber 230;

[0071] The lower end of the high-pressure air tank 231 is provided with a high-pressure air delivery pipe 232 connected to the interior thereof, and the high-pressure air delivery pipe 232 is provided with an air delivery control valve 2320, which is an electrically controlled valve of the prior art;

[0072] A first cleaning vent 233 is provided on the inner wall of the cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber 230 and is in communication with the distributed lifting accommodating groove 110 , and a high-pressure air delivery pipe 232 is in communication with the first cleaning vent 233 ;

[0073] The outer side of the distributed support column 12 has a second cleaning vent 234 that is connected to the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120. The second cleaning vent 234 is arranged on a side close to the first cleaning vent 233.

[0074] The outer side wall of the sensor extension support column 212 has a cleaning ventilation slot 235 extending parallel to the axis thereof.

[0075] Example 2:

[0076] This embodiment describes a snow accumulation measurement method, based on a snow accumulation measurement device according to the above embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0077] S1. Positioning arrangement:

[0078] Move the entire main support column 11 to the predetermined measuring point, and make the lower end of the main support column 11 flush with the snow surface;

[0079] S2. Measure snow depth:

[0080] The snow depth detection mechanism 22 is used to measure the overall depth of the snow. After the lower end of the main support column 11 is flush with the snow surface, the main support column 11 is hovered and the snow depth measurement sensor 221 is used to measure the overall depth of the snow.

[0081] S3, step-by-step layered measurement:

[0082] Each distributed support column 12 moves downward, extends from the distributed lifting accommodating slot 110 and is inserted into the snow. The insertion depth of the remaining distributed support columns 12 decreases in a step-by-step manner relative to the initial distributed support column 12.

[0083] Then, the snow liquid water content measuring sensor 21 is extended from the side of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120, and the liquid water content in the snow is measured by the snow liquid water content measuring sensor 21;

[0084] Snow is composed of ice, water, and air. These components have different dielectric constants at different measurement frequencies. The SPA-2 sensor can measure the complex impedance of snow at at least two different frequencies. By measuring and analyzing complex impedance data at a total penetration depth of 4 cm on both sides of the SPA-2 sensor, and using the differences in dielectric constants of different components, the volume fraction of each phase is calculated, and the content of ice, water, and gas in the snow is thus determined.

[0085] S4. Clean the remaining snow at the snow liquid water content measurement sensor 21:

[0086] After the work is completed, the snow liquid water content measurement sensor 21 needs to be retracted into the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120. However, during the measurement process, it is inevitable that snow will adhere to the space between the upper support slider 211 and the lower support slider 212 of the measuring instrument, as well as the outer surface of the snow liquid water content measurement sensor 21. The instrument cleaning mechanism 23 needs to be used to clean the remaining snow.

[0087] First, when the distributed support column 12 is retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot 110, the second cleaning vent 234 will be connected to the first cleaning vent 233. At this time, the distributed support column 12 is suspended in the distributed lifting accommodating slot 110, and the air delivery control valve 2320 is opened to discharge the compressed air in the high-pressure air tank 231 from the high-pressure air delivery pipe 232 and flow through the first cleaning vent 233 and the second cleaning vent 234 in sequence, blowing the air into the measuring instrument accommodating chamber 120. Then, the air is discharged through the cleaning vent slots 235, and the snow remaining on the outer surface of the snow liquid water content measuring sensor 21 is cleared by the impact of the air flow. After the snow liquid water content measuring sensor 21 is completely retracted into the sensor accommodating tube 211, the air delivery control valve 2320 is closed to stop the blowing.

[0088] Finally, the distributed support column 12 is completely retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot 110. When the distributed support column 12 is completely retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot 110, the second cleaning vent 234 and the first cleaning vent 233 are in a staggered isolation state.

[0089] Example 3:

[0090] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the main support column 11 is connected to a carrier support rocker mechanism 14, which includes a carrier support base plate 141 fixedly connected to the carrier, a vertically extending first carrier support column 142 is fixed to the top of the carrier support base plate 141, a first carrier support ring 143 coaxial with the first carrier support column 142 is rotatably connected to the first carrier support column 142, a first carrier support rocker arm 144 is fixed to the outer side of the first carrier support ring 143, a second carrier support rocker arm 144 is fixed to the other end of the first carrier support rocker arm 144, a second carrier support seat 145 is fixed to the second carrier support seat 145, a vertically extending second carrier support column 146 is fixed to the second carrier support seat 145, a second carrier support ring 147 coaxial with the second carrier support column 146 is rotatably connected to the second carrier support ring 147, a second carrier support rocker arm 148 is fixed to the outer side of the second carrier support ring 147, and a third carrier support ring 149 with a vertically extending axis is fixed to the other end of the second carrier support rocker arm 148;

[0091] The first carrier support ring 143 is driven by a prior art servo motor fixed to the carrier support base plate 141 through gear transmission to rotate around the vertical axis of the first carrier support column 142;

[0092] The second carrier support ring 147 is driven by a prior art servo motor fixed to the second carrier support base 145 through gear transmission to rotate around the vertical axis of the second carrier support column 146;

[0093] A vertically extending rocker arm connecting support column 15 is fixed to the top of the main support column 11. The rocker arm connecting support column 15 is slidably connected to the third carrier support ring 149 along the vertical direction.

[0094] The rocker arm connecting support column 15 can slide in the vertical direction in the inner hole of the third carrier support ring 149, and the rocker arm connecting support column 15 can also rotate around the vertical axis of the inner hole of the third carrier support ring 149;

[0095] A terminal lifting fixed cylinder 151 with an opening facing downward is fixed to the outside of the third carrier support ring 149, and a terminal lifting sliding cylinder 152 with an opening facing upward is slidably connected to the terminal lifting fixed cylinder 151. A terminal lifting fixed support ring 153 coaxially arranged with the rocker arm connection support column 15 is fixed to the top of the main support column 11. A terminal lifting rotating support ring 154 coaxial with the terminal lifting fixed support ring 153 is rotatably connected to the top of the terminal lifting fixed support ring 153. The lower end of the terminal lifting sliding cylinder 152 is fixedly connected to the terminal lifting rotating support ring 154.

[0096] An end lifting drive rod 155 is provided in the end lifting fixed cylinder 151 for driving the end lifting sliding cylinder 152 to move up and down. The end lifting drive rod 155 is an electrically controlled telescopic rod driven by a servo motor in the prior art. The outer rod end of the end lifting drive rod 155 is fixedly connected to the top of the end lifting fixed cylinder 151, and the inner rod end of the end lifting drive rod 155 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the end lifting sliding cylinder 152.

[0097] like Figure 1 As shown, a down-looking ranging mechanism 24 is provided on the main support column 11. The down-looking ranging mechanism 24 includes a down-looking ranging support column 241 fixed on the outside of the main support column 11 near the top position. The down-looking ranging support column 241 has a down-looking ranging connection hole 242 with an opening facing downward on the lower side, and a laser rangefinder 243 is fixed in the down-looking ranging connection hole 242.

[0098] Example 4:

[0099] This embodiment describes a snow accumulation measurement method, based on a snow accumulation measurement device according to the aforementioned embodiment 3. This method differs from embodiment 2 in that, in step S1, the entire device of the present invention is mounted on a vehicle, such as a pickup truck suitable for off-road driving, or a tracked unmanned remote-controlled vehicle suitable for more complex terrain.

[0100] The entire device is carried by a carrier to the vicinity of a predetermined measurement point. First, the first carrier support ring 143 is driven by a conventional servo motor fixed to the carrier support base plate 141 through a gear transmission to rotate around the vertical axis of the first carrier support column 142. The first carrier support ring 143 drives the first carrier support rocker arm 144 to rotate together and make the first carrier support rocker arm 144 face the predetermined measurement point.

[0101] Then, the second carrier support ring 147 is driven by a conventional servo motor fixed to the second carrier support base 145 through a gear transmission to rotate around the vertical axis of the second carrier support column 146. The second carrier support ring 147 drives the second carrier support rocker arm 148, the third carrier support ring 149, the rocker arm connecting support column 15 and the main support column 11 to rotate together, so that the main support column 11 moves to above the predetermined measurement point.

[0102] The distance between the main support column 11 and the snow surface is measured using the downward-facing distance measuring mechanism 24. The distance to the snow surface is measured using the downward-facing laser rangefinder 243. The distance between the laser rangefinder 243 and the snow surface minus the distance between the laser rangefinder 243 and the lower end of the main support column 11 is the distance the main support column 11 needs to descend.

[0103] Finally, the inner rod of the terminal lifting drive rod 155 extends to drive the terminal lifting sliding cylinder 152, the terminal lifting rotating support ring 154, the terminal lifting fixed support ring 153 and the main support column 11 to move downward in the vertical direction, so that the lower end of the main support column 11 is flush with the surface of the snow.

[0104] Example 5:

[0105] On the basis of Example 3, Figure 2 As shown, the stepped drive mechanism 13 includes a plurality of stepped drive accommodating slots 130 arranged inside the main support column 11 and extending in the vertical direction for connecting two adjacent distributed lifting accommodating slots 110. The sides of two adjacent distributed support columns 12 that are close to each other are both connected to the stepped drive accommodating slots 130;

[0106] A first stepped drive rack 131 and a second stepped drive rack 132 extending in the vertical direction are fixed to one side of two adjacent distributed support columns 12 and close to each other. A first stepped drive gear 133 and a second stepped drive gear 134 are rotatably connected and coaxially fixed in the stepped drive receiving groove 130. The diameter of the first stepped drive gear 133 is 1.1 times the diameter of the second stepped drive gear 134.

[0107] The first step driving gear 133 is meshed and connected with the first step driving rack 131 , and the second step driving gear 134 is meshed and connected with the second step driving rack 132 ;

[0108] An initial distributed support column 12 is driven to move in the vertical direction by a linear motor structure arranged in a distributed lifting accommodating groove 110. The stator of the linear motor structure is arranged on the inner wall of the distributed lifting accommodating groove 110 in the vertical direction, and the mover of the linear motor structure is fixed on the initial distributed support column 12.

[0109] Example 6:

[0110] This embodiment describes a snow measurement method, based on a snow measurement device of the above embodiment 5, which differs from embodiment 4 in that, in step S3, Figure 2 As shown, the distributed support columns 12 are numbered in a clockwise direction, and Figure 2 The perspective setting is for the initial distributed support column 12 at the bottom, which is numbered in the clockwise direction as ZT1, ZT2, ZT3, ZT4, ZT5, and ZT6;

[0111] The first step drive gear 133 and the first step drive rack 131 , and the second step drive gear 134 and the second step drive rack 132 meshing between the distributed support columns 12 numbered ZT1 and ZT2 are designated as TQ1 .

[0112] And the first step driving rack 131 in TQ1 is TQ 1-1 , the second step driving rack 132 is TQ 1-2 , the first step driving gear 133 is TQ 1-3 , the second step drive gear 134 is TQ 1-4 ;

[0113] The first step drive gear 133 and the first step drive rack 131 , and the second step drive gear 134 and the second step drive rack 132 meshing between the distributed support columns 12 numbered ZT2 and ZT3 are designated as TQ2 .

[0114] The first step drive gear 133 and the first step drive rack 131 , and the second step drive gear 134 and the second step drive rack 132 meshing between the distributed support columns 12 numbered ZT3 and ZT4 are designated as TQ3 .

[0115] The first step drive gear 133 and the first step drive rack 131 , and the second step drive gear 134 and the second step drive rack 132 meshing between the distributed support columns 12 numbered ZT4 and ZT5 are designated as TQ4 .

[0116] The first step drive gear 133 and the first step drive rack 131 , and the second step drive gear 134 and the second step drive rack 132 meshing between the distributed support columns 12 numbered ZT5 and ZT6 are designated as TQ5 .

[0117] The distributed support column 12 numbered ZT1 is driven by a linear motor structure disposed in the distributed lifting accommodating slot 110 to move in the vertical direction;

[0118] The initial distributed support column 12 numbered ZT1 is driven by a linear motor structure disposed in the distributed lifting accommodating slot 110 to move in the vertical direction.

[0119] No. TQ 1-3 The first step drive gear 133 and number TQ 1-4 The gear diameter ratio between the second step drive gear 134 is 1.1, and the transmission ratio of the entire TQ1 is 1.1, that is, the distributed support column 12 numbered ZT1 moves down 1 meter, and the distributed support column 12 numbered ZT2 moves down Meters, and so on, the distributed support column 12 numbered ZT3 moves downward rice;

[0120] The distributed support columns 12 are then inserted into the snow at various depths in a stepped arrangement.

[0121] Example 7:

[0122] The difference from Example 5 is that the diameter of the first stepped driving gear 133 is 1.2 times the diameter of the second stepped driving gear 134 .

[0123] Example 8:

[0124] The difference from Example 5 is that the diameter of the first stepped driving gear 133 is 1.3 times the diameter of the second stepped driving gear 134 .

[0125] Example 9:

[0126] The difference from Example 5 is that the diameter of the first stepped driving gear 133 is 1.4 times the diameter of the second stepped driving gear 134 .

[0127] Example 10:

[0128] The difference from Example 5 is that the diameter of the first stepped driving gear 133 is 1.5 times the diameter of the second stepped driving gear 134 .

Claims

1. A snow accumulation measuring device, characterized in that: It comprises a main body support mechanism (10), and a snow accumulation measurement mechanism (20) arranged on the main body support mechanism (10); The main body support mechanism (10) comprises a cylindrical main body support column (11) extending vertically, the bottom of the main body support column (11) having a plurality of distributed lifting accommodating grooves (110) with openings facing downwards, and the distributed support columns (12) are slidably connected in the vertical direction in the distributed lifting accommodating grooves (110); A plurality of the distributed support columns (12) are arranged around the circumference of the main support column (11), and a stepped drive mechanism (13) is provided between each of the distributed support columns (12); A measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120) is provided inside the lower end of the distributed support column (12), and the snow accumulation measuring mechanism (20) comprises a snow accumulation liquid water content measuring sensor (21) slidably arranged in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120) in a horizontal direction, a snow accumulation depth detection mechanism (22) arranged on the main support column (11), and an instrument cleaning mechanism (23) arranged in the main support column (11).

2. A snow accumulation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sensor housing tube (211) extending horizontally and communicating with the inside and outside is fixed on the inner side wall of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120); a sensor extension support column (212) is slidably connected in the sensor housing tube (211); a sensor extension drive rod (213) for driving the sensor extension support column (212) to move is fixed in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120); the sensor extension drive rod (213) is an electric-controlled telescopic rod driven by a servo motor in the prior art; an outer rod end of the sensor extension drive rod (213) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120); and an inner rod end of the sensor extension drive rod (213) is fixedly connected to one end of the sensor extension support column (212) located in the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120); The snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21) is fixed to one end of the sensor extension support column (212) away from the sensor extension drive rod (213).

3. The snow accumulation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stepped drive mechanism (13) comprises a plurality of stepped drive accommodating grooves (130) arranged inside the main support column (11) and extending in a vertical direction for connecting two adjacent distributed lifting accommodating grooves (110); the sides of two adjacent distributed support columns (12) that are close to each other are both connected to the stepped drive accommodating grooves (130); A first step drive rack (131) and a second step drive rack (132) extending in the vertical direction are fixed on one side of two adjacent distributed support columns (12) and close to each other, and a first step drive gear (133) and a second step drive gear (134) fixed coaxially are rotatably connected in the stepped drive receiving groove (130), and the diameter of the first step drive gear (133) is 1.1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the second step drive gear (134); The first step drive gear (133) is meshed and connected with the first step drive rack (131), and the second step drive gear (134) is meshed and connected with the second step drive rack (132); An initial distributed support column (12) is driven by a linear motor structure disposed in the distributed lifting accommodating slot (110) to move in a vertical direction, a stator of the linear motor structure is arranged on an inner side wall of the distributed lifting accommodating slot (110) in a vertical direction, and a mover of the linear motor structure is fixed on an initial distributed support column (12).

4. The snow accumulation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A snow depth detection accommodating hole (220) with a downward opening is provided at the lower end of the main support column (11); the snow depth detection mechanism (22) comprises a snow depth measurement sensor (221) fixed at the top of the snow depth detection accommodating hole (220); and the snow depth measurement sensor (221) is an ultrasonic snow depth measurement sensor.

5. The snow accumulation measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main support column (11) has a cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber (230) inside, and the instrument cleaning mechanism (23) includes a high-pressure air tank (231) fixed in the cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber (230); The lower end of the high-pressure air tank (231) is provided with a high-pressure air delivery pipe (232) communicating with the interior thereof, and the high-pressure air delivery pipe (232) is provided with an air delivery control valve (2320); The inner side wall of the cleaning mechanism accommodating chamber (230) is provided with a first cleaning vent (233) in communication with the distributed lifting accommodating groove (110), and the high-pressure air delivery pipe (232) is in communication with the first cleaning vent (233); The outer side of the distributed support column (12) is provided with a second cleaning vent (234) connected to the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120), and the second cleaning vent (234) is arranged on a side close to the first cleaning vent (233); The outer side wall of the sensor outwardly extending support column (212) is provided with a cleaning and ventilation slot (235) extending parallel to the axis thereof.

6. The snow accumulation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main support column (11) is provided with a downward-looking distance measurement mechanism (24), the downward-looking distance measurement mechanism (24) comprising a downward-looking distance measurement support column (241) fixed on the outside of the main support column (11) near the top position, the downward-looking distance measurement support column (241) having a downward-opening downward-looking distance measurement connection hole (242) on the lower side, and a laser rangefinder (243) fixed in the downward-looking distance measurement connection hole (242).

7. The snow accumulation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main support column (11) is connected to a carrier support rocker mechanism (14), and the carrier support rocker mechanism (14) includes a carrier support base plate (141) fixedly connected to the carrier, a vertically extending first carrier support column (142) is fixed on the top of the carrier support base plate (141), a first carrier support ring (143) coaxial with the first carrier support column (142) is rotatably connected to the first carrier support column (142), a first carrier support rocker (144) is fixed on the outside of the first carrier support ring (143), and the first carrier support rocker mechanism (144) is fixed on the outside of the first carrier support ring (143). A second carrier support seat (145) is fixed to the other end of the support rocker arm (144), a second carrier support column (146) extending vertically is fixed to the second carrier support seat (145), a second carrier support ring (147) coaxial with the second carrier support column (146) is rotatably connected to the second carrier support ring (147), a second carrier support rocker arm (148) is fixed to the outside of the second carrier support ring (147), and a third carrier support ring (149) with a vertically extending axis is fixed to the other end of the second carrier support rocker arm (148); A vertically extending rocker arm connecting support column (15) is fixed to the top of the main support column (11), and the rocker arm connecting support column (15) is slidably connected to the third carrier support ring (149) along the vertical direction; A terminal lifting fixed cylinder (151) with an opening facing downward is fixed on the outer side of the third carrier support ring (149), and a terminal lifting sliding cylinder (152) with an opening facing upward is slidably connected inside the terminal lifting fixed cylinder (151), and a terminal lifting fixed support ring (153) coaxially arranged with the rocker arm connection support column (15) is fixed on the top of the main support column (11), and a terminal lifting rotating support ring (154) coaxial with the terminal lifting fixed support ring (153) is rotatably connected to the top of the terminal lifting fixed support ring (153), and the lower end of the terminal lifting sliding cylinder (152) is fixedly connected to the terminal lifting rotating support ring (154); The terminal lifting fixed cylinder (151) is provided with a terminal lifting driving rod (155) for driving the terminal lifting sliding cylinder (152) to move upward and downward.

8. A snow accumulation measurement method, based on the snow accumulation measurement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Positioning arrangement: The entire main support column (11) is moved to a predetermined measuring point, and the lower end of the main support column (11) is flush with the snow surface; S2. Measure snow depth: The total depth of the snow is measured using a snow depth detection mechanism (22), and the main support column (11) is suspended after the lower end is flush with the snow surface, and the total depth of the snow is measured using a snow depth measurement sensor (221); S3, step-by-step layered measurement: Each distributed support column (12) moves downward, extends from the distributed lifting accommodating groove (110) and is inserted into the snow, and the insertion depth of the remaining distributed support columns (12) decreases in a step-by-step manner relative to the initial distributed support column (12); Then, the snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21) is extended from the side of the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120), and the snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21) is used to measure the liquid water content in the snow; S4. Cleaning the remaining snow at the snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21): After the work is completed, the snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21) needs to be retracted into the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120). However, during the measurement process, it is inevitable that snow will adhere to the outer surface of the snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21). The instrument cleaning mechanism (23) needs to be used to clean the remaining snow. First, when the distributed support column (12) is retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot (110), the second cleaning vent (234) is connected to the first cleaning vent (233). At this time, the distributed support column (12) is suspended in the distributed lifting accommodating slot (110). The air delivery control valve (2320) is opened to discharge the compressed air in the high-pressure air tank (231) from the high-pressure air delivery pipe (232) and flow through the first cleaning vent (233) and the second cleaning vent (234) in sequence, blowing the air into the measuring instrument accommodating chamber (120). The air is then discharged through the cleaning vent slots (235). The snow remaining on the outer surface of the snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21) is cleaned by the impact of the air flow. After the snow liquid water content measuring sensor (21) is completely retracted into the sensor accommodating tube (211), the air delivery control valve (2320) is closed to stop the cleaning. Finally, the distributed support column (12) is completely retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot (110). When the distributed support column (12) is completely retracted into the distributed lifting accommodating slot (110), the second cleaning vent (234) and the first cleaning vent (233) are in a dislocated and isolated state.

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