A dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure and a high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna

Abstract

The application relates to a dual-polarized antenna isolation feeding structure and a high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna, and belongs to the microwave technical field.The dual-polarized antenna isolation feeding structure comprises a waveguide seat, a first feeding waveguide, a second feeding waveguide, a first feeding socket with a first socket inner core and a second feeding socket with a second socket inner core, the first feeding waveguide is a square waveguide, and the second feeding waveguide is a rectangular waveguide; the first feeding waveguide and the second feeding waveguide are arranged in the waveguide seat; the first feeding socket is connected to a first position of the waveguide seat; the second feeding socket is connected to a second position of the waveguide seat; the distance between the projection points of the first position and the second position on the length direction axis of the waveguide seat is L1, L1=(1 / 3~2 / 3) * lambda1; lambda1 is the wavelength of the nominal center frequency of the antenna. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feeding structure provided by the application can improve the isolation degree of the port without increasing the manufacturing difficulty and cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microwave technology, in particular to a dual-polarized antenna isolation feeding structure and a high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of microwave, reconnaissance and jamming equipment need to process signals of unknown frequency and unknown polarization mode, so the antenna is required to have wideband characteristics and multi-polarization signal transceiving capability. The dual-polarized horn antenna becomes the core device in this field due to its reciprocity (both transmitting and receiving functions) and the characteristic of synthesizing circularly polarized signals through two ports. Such an antenna contains two radio frequency ports, respectively corresponding to horizontal polarization and vertical polarization channels. However, the insufficient port isolation is a long-term technical bottleneck of such antennas: on the one hand, when the two-port signals interfere with each other (insufficient isolation), it will lead to polarization signal recognition error, which seriously affects the system reliability; on the other hand, in the traditional design, due to the proximity of the two-port physical positions and the lack of efficient isolation mechanism, the port isolation can only reach 20dB (basic threshold) or 25dB (better performance); on the other hand, if it needs to be improved to more than 30dB high isolation, it needs to rely on high processing precision (such as micron-level assembly tolerance) and complex debugging process, which leads to a sharp increase in production cost, and the consistency of mass production is difficult to guarantee.

[0003] Therefore, how to break through the bottleneck of more than 30dB high isolation without significantly increasing the manufacturing complexity and cost has become a core problem to be solved in the design of dual-polarized antennas. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above problems, and provide a dual-polarized antenna isolation feeding structure, which can improve the isolation of the port without increasing the manufacturing difficulty and cost, so as to improve the above problems.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure, comprising a waveguide seat, a first feed waveguide, a second feed waveguide, a first feed socket with a first socket inner core, and a second feed socket with a second socket inner core, the first feed waveguide being a square waveguide, and the second feed waveguide being a rectangular waveguide; wherein the first feed waveguide and the second feed waveguide are arranged in the waveguide seat; wherein the first feed socket is connected to a first position of the waveguide seat; wherein the second feed socket is connected to a second position of the waveguide seat; wherein the first socket inner core is connected to the first feed waveguide; wherein the second socket inner core is connected to the second feed waveguide; the distance between the projection points of the first position and the second position on the length direction axis of the waveguide seat is L1, and L1=(1 / 3~2 / 3)×λ1; wherein λ1 is the wavelength of the nominal center frequency of the antenna.

[0007] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, the first feeding waveguide is a square waveguide, and the second feeding waveguide is a rectangular waveguide. The rectangular waveguide is usually used for single-polarization transmission because its structure can easily support the main mode TE10, and the electric field is distributed along the wider side, so the polarization direction is fixed. If both dual-polarization rectangular waveguides are used, two waveguides may need to be placed side by side, but this may cause coupling problems and the size may be too large. Because of the symmetry, the square waveguide can support two orthogonal TE10 modes, which is equivalent to two rectangular waveguides stacked together. In this way, the isolation between the two polarization ports will be better, and the structure will be more compact. In the specific use process, the external signal enters from the top horn antenna and propagates along the main propagation direction. The horizontally polarized signal (the electric field direction is parallel to the width direction of the waveguide seat) is mainly coupled to the first feeding waveguide, and the vertically polarized signal (the electric field direction is parallel to the height direction of the waveguide seat) is mainly coupled to the second feeding waveguide below. The horizontally polarized signal propagates in the first feeding waveguide in the TE10 mode along the length direction, reaches the first feeding socket at the rear end, and is converted into an electrical signal by the inner core of the first socket to output to the receiver. The vertically polarized signal propagates in the second feeding waveguide in the TE10 mode along the length direction, reaches the second feeding socket at the front end, and is converted into an electrical signal. After the crosstalk signal of the first feeding waveguide leaks to the second feeding waveguide, it needs to propagate from the rear part of the waveguide seat to the front part (corresponding to L1), and because L1=(1 / 3~2 / 3)×λ1, a phase shift is generated, which destructively interferes with the original signal (forward propagation) of the second feeding waveguide, and cancels the crosstalk energy. At the nominal center frequency of the antenna, the isolation between the first feeding socket and the second feeding socket is high (which can break through 30 dB); within a wide frequency band, the isolation can be kept higher, which is significantly improved compared with the traditional design, and meets the demand for high isolation. The layout of the first feeding waveguide and the second feeding waveguide can be formed by conventional numerical control machining, without the need for special precision machining process; the installation of the first feeding socket and the second feeding socket only needs conventional fastening method, without the need for complex debugging steps, which greatly reduces the manufacturing and assembly difficulty. Because of the high machining precision, the manufacturing cost of a single structure is lower than that of the traditional high-precision scheme; the simplified assembly process improves the production efficiency and is suitable for mass production.

[0008] In some embodiments, a third feeding socket with a third socket inner core is further included; the third socket inner core is connected to a third position of the first feeding waveguide.

[0009] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, after the horizontally polarized signal enters the first feeding waveguide, a part of the signal is transmitted along the waveguide to the first feeding socket at the first position and is converted into an electrical signal output through the inner core of the first socket; another part of the signal continues to be transmitted along the waveguide to the third feeding socket at the third position and is converted into an electrical signal output through the inner core of the third socket. The addition of the third feeding socket enables the first feeding waveguide to simultaneously output two horizontally polarized related signals, thereby realizing multi-port collection of the horizontally polarized signal and providing a hardware basis for subsequent signal diversity reception, phase comparison and other processing.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first position is located in front of the third position in the main propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave.

[0011] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, after the horizontally polarized signal enters the waveguide seat, the signal propagates along the main propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, is first coupled to the front end (the first position) of the first feeding waveguide, and then continues to propagate along the first feeding waveguide to the rear end to reach the third position. The first position at the front end is closer to the signal incident end, and the received horizontally polarized signal has less attenuation and can be used as a main signal channel; the signal at the third position at the rear end can be used as an auxiliary channel, and the two can be combined to improve the reliability of signal collection.

[0012] In some embodiments, the distance between the projection points of the first position and the third position on the length direction axis of the waveguide seat is L2.

[0013] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, the distance between the projection points of the first position and the third position on the length direction axis of the waveguide seat is L2, so that there is a quantifiable difference in amplitude and phase between the two signals, and these differences can be used as signal characteristics for a multi-channel fusion algorithm to improve the signal recognition capability in a complex environment.

[0014] In some embodiments, |L1-L2| is (λ2-λ1) / 2; where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the lower edge frequency of the antenna frequency band; and |L1-L2| is the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2.

[0015] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, when the signal frequency decreases from the center frequency to the lower edge frequency, the wavelength changes accordingly, resulting in a change in the phase propagation characteristic. The design of |L1-L2|=(λ2-λ1) / 2 can compensate for the phase shift caused by the change in wavelength through the difference between L1 and L2, so that the crosstalk suppression effect at different frequencies remains consistent. At the lower edge frequency of the frequency band, L1 is still within the range of 1 / 3~2 / 3λ1, ensuring the phase cancellation effect of the crosstalk signal; at the same time, the difference between L2 and L1 adapts to the change in wavelength, so that the isolation degree of the third feeding socket and the second feeding socket remains stable within a wide frequency band.

[0016] In some embodiments, a feeding path selection module is further included, and the feeding path selection module is configured to switch the first feeding socket or the third feeding socket as the current feeding path according to the working frequency.

[0017] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, when the working frequency is in the interval close to the center frequency, the first feeding socket is selected; when the working frequency is in the interval close to the lower edge of the frequency band, the third feeding socket is selected. The connection between the selected feeding socket and the rear-end link is turned on, and the path of the other feeding socket is cut off, so that the signal at the current working frequency is transmitted only through the selected feeding socket. By switching the path according to the working frequency, the first feeding socket and the third feeding socket respectively play the optimal signal transmission performance in their adapted frequency intervals, the signal transmission loss in the full frequency band is reduced compared with a single path, and the isolation stability is further improved. In addition, the process of adjusting the feeding path does not require manual adjustment of hardware or recalibration, and the feeding path selection module can automatically complete the path switching with the change of the working frequency, adapt to the fast frequency hopping scene, and solve the problem of manual intervention when the traditional structure changes the frequency, which is more convenient to use.

[0018] In some embodiments, the transition region of the first feeding waveguide and the second feeding waveguide in the waveguide seat is a stepped impedance matching structure.

[0019] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the transition region of the first feeding waveguide and the second feeding waveguide in the waveguide seat is a stepped impedance matching structure, the cross-sectional size of each step gradually changes along the signal propagation direction, gradually transitions from the square waveguide cross-section of the first feeding waveguide to the rectangular waveguide cross-section adapted to the second feeding waveguide, or vice versa, and the height and width changes of the steps follow the impedance continuity principle. The steps are distributed in the overlapping section of the intersection of the two waveguides, the step difference is uniform, the height and width change of each step are the same, and the impedance is smoothly transitioned. When the horizontal polarization signal propagates in the first feeding waveguide to the transition region, the stepped structure gradually changes the waveguide cross-sectional size, avoids impedance mismatch caused by sudden changes in cross-section, and reduces signal reflection. When the vertical polarization signal transmits through the transition region in the second feeding waveguide, the stepped structure also achieves impedance matching, so that more energy is transmitted along the target waveguide, and energy loss caused by reflection is reduced.

[0020] In some embodiments, a diaphragm is further included, and the diaphragm is installed on the inner wall of the waveguide seat through a hinge shaft; the diaphragm is arranged adjacent to the inner core of the first socket; the diaphragm is arranged on a plane, and the angle between the plane and the inner wall of the waveguide seat is a, and satisfies 15°≤a≤75°.

[0021] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when a horizontally polarized signal propagates to the diaphragm position in the first feed waveguide, the diaphragm, through the angle α formed with the inner wall of the waveguide, directionally reflects or refracts the signal, reducing the diffusion of the signal to non-target directions (such as the direction of the second feed waveguide) and enhancing the energy convergence towards the inner core of the first socket. The converging effect of the diaphragm on the target signal increases the signal strength received by the inner core of the first socket, reducing losses caused by energy diffusion. For crosstalk signals that may leak from the first feed waveguide to the second feed waveguide, the diaphragm can change its propagation path by adjusting the angle, causing some crosstalk signals to attenuate due to path extension or directional shift, forming a dual suppression with the phase cancellation mechanism of L1. The directional guiding effect of the diaphragm reduces transpolar crosstalk and further improves isolation.

[0022] In some embodiments, the device further includes a movable rod with threads on its outer periphery; an adjustment hole that engages with the threads of the movable rod is provided on the side wall of the waveguide seat; one end of the movable rod is movably connected to the diaphragm via a sliding groove structure; rotating the movable rod can drive the diaphragm to rotate around the hinge axis to continuously adjust the included angle α.

[0023] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when it is necessary to adjust the diaphragm angle α, the exposed end of the movable rod is rotated. Because the movable rod and the adjustment hole are threaded together, the movable rod moves forward and backward along the axial direction during rotation. The end of the movable rod extends into the groove of the diaphragm and slides. As the movable rod moves forward and backward, the slider generates a pushing or pulling force on the groove, causing the diaphragm to rotate around the hinge axis, so that the included angle α between the diaphragm and the inner wall of the waveguide seat changes continuously. It can also be adjusted according to the working frequency, for example: 15°~30° at high frequencies to reduce signal reflection; 60°~75° at low frequencies to enhance signal convergence, ensuring that the diaphragm can play its best role at different frequencies. The threaded drive of the movable rod and the groove cooperation realize the continuous adjustment of the included angle α, which is more precise than the manual fixed angle method, can adapt to a more subdivided frequency range, and further reduces the fluctuation of transpolarity isolation across the entire frequency band. The angle of the diaphragm can be adjusted by rotating the movable rod without disassembling the waveguide seat. The adjustment process can be observed in real time, solving the problem of repeated disassembly and trial and error required by traditional manual adjustment, and improving the convenience of operation.

[0024] Secondly, this application provides a high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna, including the aforementioned dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure and a conical horn structure fixedly connected to the radiating end of the waveguide base.

[0025] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, after the signal enters the conical horn structure, the horn cross-section gradually expands from the waveguide size to the radiation port size, achieving smooth impedance matching and reducing signal reflection. Simultaneously, the conical structure provides directional constraints on the two polarized signals, concentrating the horizontally polarized signal along the horizontal direction of the horn and the vertically polarized signal along the vertical direction. The cone angle design of the conical horn gives the radiated beam a specific directionality, reducing energy diffusion to non-target directions and minimizing interference from environmental reflections on different polarization channels. Furthermore, the horn's focusing effect enhances signal gain, improving the long-distance signal transmission and reception capabilities. The symmetrical structure of the conical horn works synergistically with the isolation mechanism of the aforementioned dual-polarization antenna isolation feed structure; that is, the conical horn structure reduces external interference entering different polarization channels, and the feed structure suppresses internal crosstalk. Together, they ensure a high overall transpolarity isolation of the antenna.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 Exploded views of the dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the external structure of a high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 A top view of a high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view at point AA;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 Waveform diagram of antenna port isolation of dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 7The waveform diagram shows the isolation of a traditional antenna port.

[0035] Icons: 1-Waveguide mount; 11-First feed waveguide; 12-Second feed waveguide; 13-First position; 14-Second position; 15-Third position; 16-Adjustment hole; 2-First feed socket; 20-Inner core of first socket; 3-Second feed socket; 30-Inner core of second socket; 4-Third feed socket; 40-Inner core of third socket; 5-Diaphragm; 50-Slide groove; 6-Modular rod; 7-Conical horn structure. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the description of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the description, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the description, claims, or accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order or hierarchy.

[0038] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0041] In this application, "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0042] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, such as Figures 1-2 , Figures 4-5 As shown, this application provides a dual-polarized antenna isolated feeding structure, which includes a waveguide base 1, a first feeding waveguide 11, a second feeding waveguide 12, a first feeding socket 2 with a first socket core 20, and a second feeding socket 3 with a second socket core. The first feeding waveguide 11 is a square waveguide, and the second feeding waveguide 12 is a rectangular waveguide. The first feeding waveguide 11 and the second feeding waveguide 12 are disposed within the waveguide base 1. The first feeding socket 2 is connected to a first position 13 of the waveguide base 1. The second feeding socket 3 is connected to a second position 14 of the waveguide base 1. The first socket core 20 is connected to the first feeding waveguide 11. The second socket core is connected to the second feeding waveguide 12. The distance between the projection points of the first position 13 and the second position 14 on the longitudinal axis of the waveguide base 1 is L1, and satisfies L1 = (1 / 3~2 / 3) × λ1, where λ1 is the nominal center frequency wavelength of the antenna.

[0043] Multiple sets of mounting holes with different spacings (corresponding to L1=1 / 3λ1, 1 / 2λ1, and 2 / 3λ1 respectively) can be reserved along the longitudinal axis of waveguide 1, along the projection paths of the first position 13 and the second position 14. Each set of holes is adapted to a different center frequency. By changing the installation positions of the first feed socket 2 and the second feed socket 3, the universality requirements of multi-band reconnaissance equipment can be met.

[0044] When L1 > 2 / 3 × λ1, the crosstalk signal propagates too far in the waveguide, and the original signal is attenuated due to waveguide loss, affecting the receiving sensitivity.

[0045] When L1 < 1 / 3 × λ1, the phase shift is < 120°, the interference cancellation effect is weakened, and the isolation is reduced.

[0046] The first feed waveguide 11 is a square waveguide, and the second feed waveguide 12 is a rectangular waveguide. Rectangular waveguides are typically used for single-polarization transmission because their structure easily supports the dominant mode TE10, and the electric field is distributed along the wider side, thus fixing the polarization direction. If both polarization modes use rectangular waveguides, two might need to be placed side by side, but this would introduce coupling problems and potentially result in excessive size. Square waveguides, due to their symmetry, can support two orthogonal TE10 modes, essentially stacking two rectangular waveguides together. This provides better isolation between the two polarization ports and a more compact structure. In practical use, external signals enter from the top horn antenna and propagate along the main propagation direction. Horizontally polarized signals (electric field direction parallel to the width of waveguide 1) are mainly coupled to the first feed waveguide 11, while vertically polarized signals (electric field direction parallel to the height of waveguide 1) are mainly coupled to the lower second feed waveguide 12. The horizontally polarized signal propagates along the length of the first feed waveguide 11 in TE10 mode, reaching the first feed socket 2 at the rear end, where it is converted into an electrical signal by the inner core 20 of the first socket and output to the receiver. The vertically polarized signal propagates along the length of the second feed waveguide 12 in TE10 mode, reaching the second feed socket 3 at the front end, where it is converted into an electrical signal by the inner core of the second socket and output. After the crosstalk signal from the first feed waveguide 11 leaks into the second feed waveguide 12, it needs to propagate from the rear of the waveguide mount 1 to the front (corresponding to L1). Since L1 = (1 / 3~2 / 3) × λ1, a phase shift occurs, which forms a destructive interference with the original signal (forward propagation) of the second feed waveguide 12, canceling out the crosstalk energy. At the antenna's nominal center frequency, the isolation between the first feed socket 2 and the second feed socket 3 is high (can exceed 30dB); over a wide bandwidth, the isolation can be maintained even higher, significantly improved compared to traditional designs, meeting the requirements for high isolation. The layout of the first feed waveguide 11 and the second feed waveguide 12 can be formed in one step by conventional CNC machining, without the need for special precision machining processes; the installation of the first feed socket 2 and the second feed socket 3 only requires conventional fastening methods, without complex debugging steps, which greatly reduces the difficulty of manufacturing and assembly. Because high machining precision is not required, the manufacturing cost of a single structure is lower than that of traditional high-precision solutions; the simplified assembly process improves production efficiency and is suitable for mass production.

[0047] In practical applications, the isolation degree of the dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure provided in this application is measured to obtain, as shown below. Figure 6 The waveform diagram shown is similar to that of... Figure 7 As can be seen from the waveform comparison of the isolation of conventional antenna ports, the dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure provided in this application can effectively and stably improve the isolation.

[0048] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, such as Figures 1-2 , Figures 4-5As shown, it also includes a third feed socket 4 having a third socket core 40; the third socket core 40 is connected to the third position 15 of the first feed waveguide 11.

[0049] The dual-polarized antenna isolation feeding structure provided in this application can control the distance between the third position 15 and the first position 13 (e.g., adjust it to 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 of the wavelength corresponding to different frequency bands), so that the first feeding socket 2 and the third feeding socket 4 can be adapted to horizontally polarized signals of different frequency bands respectively, realize multi-band signal acquisition of a single-feed waveguide, and improve the antenna's ability to process wideband signals.

[0050] After the horizontally polarized signal enters the first feed waveguide 11, part of it is transmitted along the waveguide to the first feed socket 2 at the first position 13, where it is converted into an electrical signal output via the inner core 20 of the first socket; the other part continues to be transmitted along the waveguide to the third feed socket 4 at the third position 15, where it is converted into an electrical signal output via the inner core 40 of the third socket. The addition of the third feed socket 4 enables the first feed waveguide 11 to simultaneously output two horizontally polarized correlation signals, realizing multi-port acquisition of the horizontally polarized signal and providing a hardware foundation for subsequent signal diversity reception, phase comparison, and other processing.

[0051] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the first position 13 is located at the front end of the third position 15 in the main propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave.

[0052] After the horizontally polarized signal enters waveguide 1, it propagates along the main propagation direction of electromagnetic waves, first coupling to the front end (first position 13) of the first feed waveguide 11, and then continues to propagate along the first feed waveguide 11 to the rear end, reaching the third position 15. The first position 13 at the front end is closer to the signal incident end, and the received horizontally polarized signal has less attenuation, so it can be used as the main signal channel; the signal at the third position 15 at the rear end can be used as an auxiliary channel, and the two can be combined to improve the reliability of signal acquisition.

[0053] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the distance between the projection points of the first position 13 and the third position 15 on the length axis of the waveguide seat 1 is L2.

[0054] Multiple sets of third position 15 mounting holes are set along the length direction on the waveguide 1 (L2 can be adjusted by selecting different mounting holes). By changing the mounting position of the third feed socket 4, the time difference can be adjusted to adapt to the timing accuracy requirements of different back-end algorithms.

[0055] The distance between the projection points of the first position 13 and the third position 15 on the length axis of the waveguide seat 1 is L2, so that the two signals have quantifiable differences in amplitude and phase. These differences can be used as signal features for multi-channel fusion algorithms to improve the signal recognition capability in complex environments.

[0056] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, |L1-L2| is (λ2-λ1) / 2; where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the lower edge frequency of the antenna band; and where |L1-L2| is the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2.

[0057] When |L1-L2|>(λ2-λ1) / 2, the difference between L1 and L2 exceeds the compensation requirement, which will lead to excessive compensation of the phase offset of the crosstalk signal at the lower edge frequency of the frequency band, weakening the interference cancellation effect, making it impossible to maintain a high isolation value between transpolar ports, and increasing the isolation fluctuation in adjacent frequency bands, affecting the system reliability.

[0058] When |L1-L2|<(λ2-λ1) / 2, the difference is insufficient to compensate for the phase shift caused by the wavelength change, resulting in insufficient phase cancellation of crosstalk signals at the lower edge frequency of the frequency band, a significant decrease in the isolation between transpolar ports, and a continuous deterioration in the isolation as the frequency approaches the edge, which undermines the stability of the broadband performance.

[0059] When the signal frequency drops from the center frequency to the lower edge frequency, the wavelength changes accordingly, leading to a change in phase propagation characteristics. The design of |L1-L2|=(λ2-λ1) / 2 can compensate for the phase shift caused by this wavelength change through the difference between L1 and L2, ensuring consistent crosstalk suppression at different frequencies. At the lower edge frequency of the frequency band, L1 remains within the range of 1 / 3 to 2 / 3λ1, ensuring the phase cancellation effect of crosstalk signals; at the same time, the difference between L2 and L1 adapts to the wavelength change, keeping the isolation between the third feed socket 4 and the second feed socket 3 stable over a wide frequency band.

[0060] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, a power supply path selection module is also included, which is used to switch the first power supply socket 2 or the third power supply socket 4 as the current power supply path according to the operating frequency.

[0061] The power supply path selection module can use high-speed RF switching devices to compress the switching response time to adapt to high-frequency jump scenarios, ensuring that the optimal path can still be matched in real time when the frequency changes rapidly.

[0062] When the operating frequency is near the center frequency range, the first feeder socket 2 is selected; when the operating frequency is near the lower edge of the frequency band, the third feeder socket 4 is selected. The connection between the selected feeder socket and the backend link is established, while the path to the other feeder socket is disconnected, ensuring that the signal at the current operating frequency is transmitted only through the selected feeder socket. By switching paths according to the operating frequency, the first feeder socket 2 and the third feeder socket 4 each achieve optimal signal transmission performance in their respective frequency ranges. Signal transmission loss across the entire frequency band is reduced compared to a single path, and isolation stability is further improved. Furthermore, no manual hardware adjustment or recalibration is required during feeder path adjustment. The feeder path selection module automatically switches paths as the operating frequency changes, adapting to rapid frequency jumps and solving the problem of manual intervention required by traditional structures when the frequency changes, making it more convenient to use.

[0063] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, such as Figure 1 , Figures 4-5 As shown, the transition region between the first feed waveguide 11 and the second feed waveguide 12 within the waveguide base 1 is a stepped impedance matching structure.

[0064] The stepped structure of the transition region between the first feed waveguide 11 and the second feed waveguide 12 can be composed of multiple replaceable stepped modules. By adjusting the height and width of different steps, it can adapt to the impedance characteristics of different frequency bands and achieve efficient transmission of multi-frequency signals from a single waveguide mount 1.

[0065] The transition region between the first feed waveguide 11 and the second feed waveguide 12 within waveguide mount 1 is a stepped impedance matching structure. The cross-sectional dimensions of each step gradually change along the signal propagation direction, transitioning from the square waveguide cross-section of the first feed waveguide 11 to a rectangular waveguide cross-section compatible with the second feed waveguide 12, or vice versa. The height and width of the steps follow the principle of impedance continuity. The steps in the transition region are distributed at the overlapping section where the two waveguides intersect. The step differences are uniform, and the height and width changes of each step are the same, ensuring a smooth impedance transition. When a horizontally polarized signal propagates from the first feed waveguide 11 to the transition region, the stepped structure causes the waveguide cross-sectional dimensions to change gradually, avoiding impedance mismatch caused by abrupt changes in cross-section and reducing signal reflection. When a vertically polarized signal propagates through the transition region in the second feed waveguide 12, impedance matching is also achieved through the stepped structure, allowing more energy to propagate along the target waveguide and reducing energy loss due to reflection.

[0066] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, it also includes a diaphragm 5, which is mounted on the inner wall of the waveguide base 1 via a hinge shaft; the diaphragm 5 is disposed adjacent to the inner core 20 of the first socket; the angle between the plane of the diaphragm 5 and the inner wall of the waveguide base 1 is α, and satisfies 15°≤α≤75°.

[0067] A composite absorbing material layer (covering only the non-reflective area) can be set on the surface of the diaphragm 5, so that the diaphragm 5 can simultaneously perform signal guiding and crosstalk absorption functions, reducing transpolarization crosstalk.

[0068] When a < 15°, diaphragm 5 is nearly parallel to the inner wall of the waveguide, and its guiding effect is weak.

[0069] When a > 75°, diaphragm 5 is close to a vertical state, which can easily lead to excessive reflection and signal disorder.

[0070] When a horizontally polarized signal propagates in the first feed waveguide 11 to the position of the diaphragm 5, the diaphragm 5, through the angle α formed with the inner wall of the waveguide, directionally reflects or refracts the signal, reducing the diffusion of the signal into non-target directions (such as the direction of the second feed waveguide 12) and enhancing the energy convergence towards the inner core 20 of the first socket. The converging effect of the diaphragm 5 on the target signal increases the signal strength received by the inner core 20 of the first socket, reducing losses caused by energy diffusion. For crosstalk signals that may leak from the first feed waveguide 11 to the second feed waveguide 12, the diaphragm 5 can change its propagation path by adjusting its angle, causing some crosstalk signals to attenuate due to path lengthening or directional shift, forming a dual suppression with the phase cancellation mechanism of L1. The directional guiding effect of the diaphragm 5 reduces transpolar crosstalk and further improves isolation.

[0071] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, it also includes a movable rod 6, which has a thread on its outer periphery; the side wall of the waveguide seat 1 has an adjustment hole 16 that engages with the thread of the movable rod 6; one end of the movable rod 6 is movably connected to the diaphragm 5 through a sliding groove 50 structure; rotating the movable rod 6 can drive the diaphragm 5 to rotate around the hinge axis to continuously adjust the included angle α.

[0072] Angle scales can be marked on the exposed end of the movable rod 6 and the side wall of the waveguide seat 1, so that the angle value can be read directly during adjustment without relying on back-end signal monitoring, thus improving operational efficiency.

[0073] A damping coating can be added to the threads of the movable rod 6 and the adjusting hole 16 to enhance the self-locking ability of the threaded fit. Even under strong vibration, angle α can remain stable, reducing the frequency of readjustment.

[0074] When it is necessary to adjust the angle α of diaphragm 5, rotate the exposed end of the movable rod 6. Because the movable rod 6 is threadedly engaged with the adjustment hole 16, the movable rod 6 moves forward and backward along the axial direction during rotation. The end of the movable rod 6 slides within the groove 50 of diaphragm 5. As the movable rod 6 moves forward and backward, the slider exerts a pushing or pulling force on the groove 50, causing diaphragm 5 to rotate around the hinge axis, thus continuously changing the angle α between diaphragm 5 and the inner wall of waveguide seat 1. It can also be adjusted according to changes in operating frequency, for example: 15°~30° at high frequencies to reduce signal reflection; and 60°~75° at low frequencies to enhance signal convergence, ensuring that diaphragm 5 can perform optimally at different frequencies. The threaded drive of the movable rod 6, in conjunction with the groove 50, achieves continuous adjustment of the angle α, which is more precise than manually fixing the angle and can adapt to more subdivided frequency ranges, further reducing the fluctuation of transpolarity isolation across the entire frequency band. The angle of the diaphragm 5 can be adjusted by rotating the movable rod 6 without disassembling the waveguide base 1. The adjustment process can be observed in real time, which solves the problem of repeated disassembly and trial and error required by traditional manual adjustment and improves the convenience of operation.

[0075] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, this application provides a high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna, including the above-mentioned dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure and a conical horn structure 7 fixedly connected to the radiating end of the waveguide seat 1.

[0076] The cone angle of the conical horn structure 7 can be a gradually changing structure with a gentler front and a steeper rear, which can further broaden the bandwidth while ensuring the gain, and adapt to signal transmission and reception over a wider frequency range.

[0077] After the signal enters the conical horn structure 7, the horn cross-section gradually expands from the waveguide size to the radiating aperture size, achieving smooth impedance matching and reducing signal reflection. Simultaneously, the conical structure provides directional constraints on the two polarized signals, concentrating the horizontally polarized signal along the horizontal direction of the horn and the vertically polarized signal along the vertical direction. The cone angle design of the conical horn gives the radiated beam a specific directionality, reducing energy diffusion to non-target directions and minimizing interference from environmental reflections on different polarization channels. Furthermore, the horn's focusing effect enhances signal gain, improving long-distance signal transmission and reception capabilities. The symmetrical structure of the conical horn works synergistically with the isolation mechanism of the aforementioned dual-polarization antenna isolation feed structure. That is, the conical horn structure 7 reduces external interference entering different polarization channels, while the feed structure suppresses internal crosstalk; together, they ensure a high overall transpolarity isolation of the antenna.

[0078] Although this application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of this application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner, provided there is no structural conflict. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure, comprising a waveguide base, characterized in that, include: The first feed waveguide is a square waveguide; The second feed waveguide is a rectangular waveguide; A first power supply socket having a first socket core; A second power supply socket with a second socket core; The first feed waveguide and the second feed waveguide are disposed within the waveguide base; The first power supply socket is connected to the first position of the waveguide base; The second power supply socket is connected to the second position of the waveguide base; Wherein, both the first position and the second position are located on the side of the waveguide base; The inner core of the first socket is connected to the first feed waveguide; The inner core of the second socket is connected to the second feed waveguide; The distance between the projection points of the first position and the second position on the waveguide seat length axis is L1, and satisfies L1=(1 / 3~2 / 3)×λ1; Where λ1 is the nominal center frequency wavelength of the antenna.

2. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A third power supply socket with a third socket core; The inner core of the third socket is connected to the third position of the first feed waveguide.

3. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Electromagnetic waves propagate from the horn antenna at the top of the waveguide base toward the bottom of the waveguide base. The first position is located at the front end of the main propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves at the third position, and the first position at the front end is closer to the signal incident end.

4. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the projection points of the first position and the third position on the waveguide seat length axis is L2.

5. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The condition is satisfied that |L1-L2| is (λ2-λ1) / 2; Where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the lower edge frequency of the antenna band; Where |L1-L2| is the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2.

6. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The power supply path selection module is used to switch between the first power supply socket and the third power supply socket as the current power supply path according to the operating frequency.

7. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transition region between the first and second feed waveguides within the waveguide mount is a stepped impedance matching structure.

8. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The diaphragm is mounted on the inner wall of the waveguide base via a hinge shaft; The diaphragm is disposed adjacent to the inner core of the first socket; The angle between the plane of the diaphragm and the inner wall of the waveguide base is α, and satisfies 15°≤α≤75°.

9. The dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The movable rod has threads on its outer circumference; The waveguide base sidewall is provided with an adjustment hole that engages with the threaded part of the movable rod; One end of the movable rod is movably connected to the diaphragm via a sliding groove structure; Rotating the movable rod can drive the diaphragm to rotate around the hinge axis to continuously adjust the included angle α.

10. A high-isolation dual-polarized horn antenna, comprising the dual-polarized antenna isolation feed structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: A conical horn structure fixedly connected to the radiating end of the waveguide base.

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