Public place fire risk assessment method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fire risk assessment, in particular to a public place fire risk assessment method and system, and the method comprises the steps: building a communication channel attenuation model through high-temperature smoke interference parameters of a target place, and calculating comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of different spatial positions of the target place; performing dynamic interference analysis on the multi-mode communication network of the target place according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain a communication system stability coefficient; and analyzing the stability coefficient of the communication system in combination with historical fire data to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target place under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtaining a risk assessment result of the target place according to the communication topology vulnerability map. The risk assessment accuracy of the fire-fighting communication system under the interference of high-temperature smoke in public places is effectively improved, and the fire-fighting safety guarantee level in public places is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fire risk assessment, and in particular to a method and system for assessing fire risk in public places. Background Art

[0002] In modern public places, there are dense crowds and complex building structures. Once a fire occurs, high-temperature smoke will spread rapidly, causing serious interference to the fire communication system, which may cause communication signal attenuation and interruption, thereby affecting the effective implementation of key links such as fire command and dispatch, personnel evacuation guidance, and emergency rescue, greatly increasing the risk of loss of life and property caused by fire.

[0003] Currently, traditional fire risk assessment methods primarily focus on building structure, firefighting equipment, and personnel evacuation capabilities, but are relatively weak in assessing the impact of high-temperature smoke on fire communication systems. In actual fire scenarios, due to the dynamic nature of high-temperature smoke, parameters such as temperature and smoke concentration vary significantly across different spatial locations, resulting in complex attenuation patterns for communication signals in different areas. Existing communication system assessment models often struggle to accurately characterize the attenuation characteristics of communication channels in such complex environments, failing to accurately reflect the actual performance of communication systems under high-temperature smoke interference, thereby providing fire management personnel with precise risk assessment results and decision-making basis.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a public place fire risk assessment method that can comprehensively consider high-temperature smoke interference parameters and multimodal communication network characteristics to improve the level of fire safety protection in public places. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for fire risk assessment in public places, so as to solve the problem of inaccurate risk assessment of fire communication systems in public places under the interference of high temperature and smoke.

[0007] (2) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for assessing fire risk in public places, the method comprising:

[0009] S1. Construct a communication channel attenuation model based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the target location, and calculate the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of different spatial positions of the target location using the communication channel attenuation model.

[0010] S2. Perform dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain a communication system stability coefficient.

[0011] S3. Analyze the stability coefficient of the communication system in combination with historical fire data to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtain a risk assessment result of the target location based on the communication topology vulnerability map.

[0012] Furthermore, the method of constructing a communication channel attenuation model based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameter of the target location and calculating the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of different spatial positions of the target location using the communication channel attenuation model includes:

[0013] The thermal expansion deformation of the metal structure of the communication equipment under high temperature environment is calculated based on the temperature distribution data of the high-temperature smoke interference parameters and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal parts of the communication equipment. The optical signal transmission loss correction function is established in combination with the temperature dependence parameter of the optical fiber refractive index.

[0014] The scattering attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in a preset millimeter wave frequency band in a smoke environment is calculated based on the smoke concentration gradient data and the smoke particle size distribution data in the high-temperature smoke interference parameters.

[0015] The optical signal transmission loss correction function is coupled with the scattering attenuation coefficient to generate a communication channel attenuation model.

[0016] The target location is divided into spatial grid units with preset accuracy, and the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the corresponding position are loaded for each grid unit; the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals of each grid unit is calculated according to the communication channel attenuation model, and the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals in the same grid unit is weightedly fused according to the communication link priority weight preset at the target location to obtain the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient.

[0017] Furthermore, the method of performing dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain the communication system stability coefficient includes:

[0018] A dynamic interference matrix is ​​constructed based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient, and the redundant link survival rate in the redundant communication link is calculated based on the dynamic interference matrix; the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the key communication node is extracted, and the invulnerability score of the key communication node is calculated based on the preset communication node fire resistance grade parameter and heat dissipation efficiency parameter; the main communication link failure scenario is simulated, and the maximum recovery delay time is calculated based on the switching delay time of the backup link and the signal recovery stabilization time.

[0019] The communication system stability coefficient is calculated by normalizing the redundant link survival rate, the invulnerability score and the maximum recovery delay time.

[0020] Furthermore, the method of analyzing the communication system stability coefficient in combination with historical fire data to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtaining a risk assessment result of the target location based on the communication topology vulnerability map includes:

[0021] Grid cells are divided into risk levels according to the stability coefficient of the communication system; historical cases matching the fire simulation parameters of the target location are obtained from the historical fire data, and the correlation weights between the current scenario and the historical cases are calculated using a similarity algorithm; the communication interruption duration, equipment damage rate, and personnel evacuation delay data in the historical cases are weighted and fused according to the correlation weights to obtain the fire risk probability prediction value for the current scenario.

[0022] A communication topology vulnerability map is generated based on the risk level and the fire risk probability prediction value and transmitted to the visualization terminal of the fire management platform to obtain the risk assessment result.

[0023] Furthermore, the method of constructing a dynamic interference matrix according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient and calculating the redundant link survival rate in the redundant communication link according to the dynamic interference matrix includes:

[0024] The communication node-link topology structure is obtained based on the multimodal communication network of the target location, where the communication nodes correspond to the deployment locations of the communication equipment, and the links represent the communication connections between the communication nodes. The rows of the dynamic interference matrix correspond to the communication nodes, and the columns correspond to the preset communication frequency bands. The element values ​​of the dynamic interference matrix are calculated by the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the preset communication frequency band of the communication node and the priority weight of the preset communication frequency band.

[0025] The survival status of redundant communication links is counted, and the survival status judgment criterion is that the dynamic interference matrix element values ​​of the communication nodes at both ends of the communication link are all lower than the preset attenuation threshold; the redundant link survival rate is calculated based on the ratio of the number of redundant links that maintain survival status within a preset time window to the total number of redundant links.

[0026] On the other hand, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a public place fire risk assessment system, the system comprising: a comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient generation module, a communication system stability coefficient acquisition module, and a risk assessment management module, wherein the modules are sequentially connected to each other;

[0027] The comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient generation module is used to construct a communication channel attenuation model according to the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the target location, and calculate the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of different spatial positions of the target location through the communication channel attenuation model.

[0028] The communication system stability coefficient acquisition module is used to perform dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain the communication system stability coefficient.

[0029] The risk assessment management module is used to combine the stability coefficient of the communication system with historical fire data analysis to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtain a risk assessment result of the target location based on the communication topology vulnerability map.

[0030] Furthermore, the integrated signal attenuation coefficient generating module includes the following steps:

[0031] The thermal expansion deformation of the metal structure of the communication equipment under high temperature environment is calculated based on the temperature distribution data of the high-temperature smoke interference parameters and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal parts of the communication equipment. The optical signal transmission loss correction function is established in combination with the temperature dependence parameter of the optical fiber refractive index.

[0032] The scattering attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in a preset millimeter wave frequency band in a smoke environment is calculated based on the smoke concentration gradient data and the smoke particle size distribution data in the high-temperature smoke interference parameters.

[0033] The optical signal transmission loss correction function is coupled with the scattering attenuation coefficient to generate a communication channel attenuation model.

[0034] The target location is divided into spatial grid units with preset accuracy, and the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the corresponding position are loaded for each grid unit; the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals of each grid unit is calculated according to the communication channel attenuation model, and the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals in the same grid unit is weightedly fused according to the communication link priority weight preset at the target location to obtain the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient.

[0035] Furthermore, the communication system stability coefficient acquisition module includes:

[0036] The data acquisition module is used to construct a dynamic interference matrix based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient, and to calculate the redundant link survival rate in the redundant communication links based on the dynamic interference matrix; to extract the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the key communication node, and to calculate the invulnerability score of the key communication node based on the preset communication node fire resistance grade parameter and heat dissipation efficiency parameter; to simulate the failure scenario of the main communication link, and to calculate the maximum recovery delay time based on the switching delay time of the backup link and the signal recovery stabilization time.

[0037] The communication system stability coefficient calculation submodule is used to calculate the communication system stability coefficient by normalizing the redundant link survival rate, the invulnerability score and the maximum recovery delay time.

[0038] Furthermore, the risk assessment management module includes the following steps:

[0039] Grid cells are divided into risk levels according to the stability coefficient of the communication system; historical cases matching the fire simulation parameters of the target location are obtained from the historical fire data, and the correlation weights between the current scenario and the historical cases are calculated using a similarity algorithm; the communication interruption duration, equipment damage rate, and personnel evacuation delay data in the historical cases are weighted and fused according to the correlation weights to obtain the fire risk probability prediction value for the current scenario.

[0040] A communication topology vulnerability map is generated based on the risk level and the fire risk probability prediction value and transmitted to the visualization terminal of the fire management platform to obtain the risk assessment result.

[0041] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes the following steps:

[0042] The communication node-link topology structure is obtained based on the multimodal communication network of the target location, where the communication nodes correspond to the deployment locations of the communication equipment, and the links represent the communication connections between the communication nodes. The rows of the dynamic interference matrix correspond to the communication nodes, and the columns correspond to the preset communication frequency bands. The element values ​​of the dynamic interference matrix are calculated by the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the preset communication frequency band of the communication node and the priority weight of the preset communication frequency band.

[0043] The survival status of redundant communication links is counted, and the survival status judgment criterion is that the dynamic interference matrix element values ​​of the communication nodes at both ends of the communication link are all lower than the preset attenuation threshold; the redundant link survival rate is calculated based on the ratio of the number of redundant links that maintain survival status within a preset time window to the total number of redundant links.

[0044] (3) Beneficial effects

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. By constructing a communication channel attenuation model and combining it with high-temperature smoke interference parameters, we accurately calculate the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients at different spatial locations in the target area. This allows us to comprehensively analyze the dynamic characteristics of multimodal communication networks under high-temperature smoke interference, providing a reliable basis for accurately evaluating the stability of communication systems.

[0047] 2. A dynamic interference matrix is ​​constructed based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient. Factors such as the redundant link survival rate, the invulnerability score of key communication nodes, and the maximum recovery delay time are comprehensively considered. The communication system stability coefficient is obtained through normalized calculation to achieve a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of the communication system stability.

[0048] 3. Combine the communication system stability coefficient with historical fire data, use a similarity algorithm to calculate the correlation weight, perform weighted fusion on the historical case data, generate a communication topology vulnerability map and transmit it to the visualization terminal, intuitively presenting the fire risk assessment results of the target site, helping fire management personnel to quickly and accurately understand the risk status of the site and take effective measures in a timely manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for assessing fire risk in public places according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the module composition of a public place fire risk assessment system according to Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Before giving examples, it is necessary to explain the application scenarios of the present invention. The present invention is a method and system for assessing fire risk in public places, which aims to improve the level of fire safety protection in public places by addressing the difficulty of risk assessment of fire communication systems under the interference of high-temperature smoke.

[0053] Example 1: Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for assessing fire risk in public places, the method comprising:

[0054] S1. A communication channel attenuation model is constructed based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameters at the target location. The model is used to calculate the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients at different spatial locations at the target location. For example, a large commercial complex is equipped with a multimodal firefighting communication system that integrates a fiber-optic communication network, a digital trunking communication system, and WiFi wireless signal coverage. This system is used for emergency command and dispatch, evacuation guidance, and rescue coordination in the event of a fire. Based on the commercial complex's building structure, decoration material characteristics, ventilation system layout, and other parameters, a high-temperature smoke interference parameter set is generated using fire simulation software. This parameter includes spatial temperature distribution data, smoke concentration gradient data, and smoke particle size distribution data. This data reflects the physical environmental characteristics of how high-temperature smoke spreads and affects communication signals when a fire occurs at different locations within the building. The communication channel attenuation model comprehensively considers the impact of high-temperature environments on the transmission characteristics of metal conductors, optical fibers, and electromagnetic waves, and can calculate the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient at any location within the building.

[0055] S2. Dynamic interference analysis of the target location's multimodal communication network is performed based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to determine the communication system stability coefficient. By simulating the entire process of a fire spreading from its origin, the impact of high-temperature smoke on each communication node and link is evaluated, and the communication system stability coefficient is calculated at different time points. For example, in the simulated scenario, 15 minutes after the fire, the communication system stability coefficient dropped from an initial value of 0.95 to 0.68, indicating a significant degradation in system performance while maintaining basic functionality.

[0056] S3. The stability coefficient of the communication system is combined with historical fire data analysis to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and a risk assessment result of the target location is obtained based on the communication topology vulnerability map. The communication topology vulnerability map generates a three-dimensional risk heat map based on building information model (BIM) rendering, which intuitively displays the communication risk level of each area in the building in a three-dimensional visualization, and identifies the weak links and potential failure points of key communication nodes. For example, the communication topology vulnerability map shows that the communication coverage of the shopping mall atrium area and the emergency evacuation stairwell is highly vulnerable, and the deployment of backup communication nodes needs to be strengthened. The generated risk assessment report provides targeted optimization suggestions for fire management personnel, including adding hot backup nodes, adjusting the communication network topology, and upgrading the heat resistance level of equipment in key locations.

[0057] The method of constructing a communication channel attenuation model based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameter of the target location and calculating the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients at different spatial locations of the target location using the communication channel attenuation model includes:

[0058] The thermal expansion deformation of the metal structure of the communication equipment under high temperature environment is calculated based on the temperature distribution data in the high temperature smoke interference parameter and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal parts of the communication equipment, and the optical signal transmission loss correction function is established in combination with the temperature dependence parameter of the optical fiber refractive index; the thermal expansion deformation of the metal structure of the communication equipment under high temperature environment is calculated by the thermodynamic expansion equation, and the thermodynamic expansion equation is ΔL=α·L0·ΔT, where ΔL is the thermal expansion deformation, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal (such as the thermal expansion coefficient of copper is about 16.5×10^-6 / ℃, and the thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum is about 23×10^-6 / ℃), L0 is the initial length of the metal structure at room temperature, and ΔT is the difference between the current temperature and the room temperature; the optical fiber bending loss is calculated based on the thermal expansion deformation The incremental bending loss is determined using a fiber microbend loss model that satisfies δL = K·(ΔL / L0)^2, where K is the preset fiber bend sensitivity coefficient. Based on the temperature-dependent parameters of the fiber's refractive index, a temperature-refractive index variation relationship, n(T) = n0 + β·ΔT, is established, where n0 is the refractive index at room temperature, β is the thermo-optical coefficient of the fiber material, and ΔT is the difference between the current temperature and room temperature. The transmission loss offset caused by refractive index fluctuations is calculated. The incremental bending loss and transmission loss offset are combined using a linear superposition model to generate an optical signal transmission loss correction function, L(T) = δL + γ·|n(T)-n0|, where γ is the refractive index loss weighting factor determined through fiber type calibration experiments. The thermal expansion deformation of metal structures such as communication equipment interfaces and connectors at different temperatures is calculated. For example, at a high temperature of 800°C, the length of a copper connector will increase by approximately 1.3%, which can lead to slight misalignment and poor contact at the interface. At the same time, the refractive index of the optical fiber itself will also change with temperature. The temperature dependence parameter of quartz optical fiber is about 6×10^-6 / ℃.

[0059] The scattering attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in a smoke environment at a preset millimeter-wave frequency band is calculated based on the smoke concentration gradient data and smoke particle size distribution data in the high-temperature smoke interference parameters. For radio signals, the scattering attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in a smoke environment at millimeter-wave frequency bands (such as the 24 GHz and 28 GHz bands used in 5G communications) is calculated based on Mie scattering theory, using smoke particle size distribution data (e.g., smoke particles produced by a typical fire have a diameter range of 0.1 to 10 μm) and concentration gradient data (e.g., the correspondence between visibility and smoke mass concentration). The scattering attenuation coefficient S(ρ, d) is a function of the smoke concentration ρ and the particle size distribution d, and is obtained by fitting experimental data.

[0060] Coupling the optical signal transmission loss correction function with the scattering attenuation coefficient to generate a communication channel attenuation model;

[0061] The target location is divided into spatial grid cells with a preset accuracy. The high-temperature smoke interference parameters for the corresponding location are loaded for each grid cell. Signal attenuation is calculated for the multi-band signals in each grid cell based on the communication channel attenuation model. The signal attenuation of the multi-band signals within the same grid cell is weighted and fused according to the communication link priority weights preset for the target location to obtain a comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient. For example, the target location is divided into 1m×1m×1m spatial grid cells. Each grid cell is loaded with corresponding temperature, smoke concentration, and particle distribution values ​​from a fire simulation based on its location. Signal attenuation is then calculated for each grid cell's multi-band signals (including the 850nm, 1310nm, and 1550nm wavelengths used by optical fiber, and the 400MHz, 2.4GHz, and 5GHz frequency bands used for wireless communication). Weights are assigned to each frequency band based on its importance in firefighting communications, such as a weight of 0.5 for emergency command and dispatch communications, 0.3 for evacuation guidance communications, and 0.2 for monitoring data transmission. The attenuation of the multi-band signals within the same grid cell is weighted and fused to obtain a comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient.

[0062] The method for performing dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain the communication system stability coefficient includes:

[0063] A dynamic interference matrix is ​​constructed based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient, and the redundant link survival rate in the redundant communication link is calculated based on the dynamic interference matrix; the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the key communication node is extracted, and the invulnerability score of the key communication node is calculated in combination with the preset communication node fire resistance level parameter and heat dissipation efficiency parameter; the failure scenario of the main communication link is simulated, and the maximum recovery delay time is calculated based on the switching delay time and signal recovery stabilization time of the backup link; the dimension of the dynamic interference matrix is ​​m×n, where m represents the number of communication nodes, such as the 128 communication nodes deployed in the commercial complex, and n represents the number of preset communication frequency bands, such as a total of 6 frequency bands for optical fiber and wireless. In this commercial complex, dual-redundant or triple-redundant communication links are deployed in key areas (such as evacuation passages and safety exits). The comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of 35 key communication nodes, such as the central control room, floor-level control points, and evacuation guidance systems, were extracted. Combined with these equipment's fire resistance rating (e.g., Class A fire resistance for central control room equipment, indicating 30 minutes of normal operation at 200°C) and heat dissipation efficiency (e.g., 85% for equipment with forced air cooling), the invulnerability scores of these key communication nodes were calculated. The scores were calculated on a 0-100 scale. For example, a score of 85 for the central control room's core switching equipment indicates high interference immunity. The failover response of the backup links was evaluated by simulating failure scenarios of the primary communication link. For example, if the primary optical fiber link connecting the evacuation corridor fails due to excessive temperature, an automatic failover to the backup wireless link is required. Tests showed that the average delay for this failover was 1.2 seconds, and the signal recovery and stabilization time was 3.5 seconds, resulting in a maximum recovery delay of 4.7 seconds, which is lower than the safety standard requirement of 5 seconds.

[0064] The communication system stability coefficient is calculated by normalizing the redundant link survival rate, survivability score, and maximum recovery delay time. The weighted average of the redundant link survival rate (ranging from 0 to 1), the survivability score (normalized to 0 to 1), and the maximum recovery delay time (the normalized inverse, ranging from 0 to 1) is calculated to obtain the communication system stability coefficient S = 0.4 × R + 0.4 × D + 0.2 × (1-T'), where R is the redundant link survival rate, D is the normalized survivability score, and T' is the normalized maximum recovery delay time.

[0065] The method of analyzing the communication system stability coefficient in combination with historical fire data to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtaining a risk assessment result of the target location based on the communication topology vulnerability map includes:

[0066] Grid cells are assigned risk levels based on the communication system stability coefficient. Historical fire cases matching the target location's fire simulation parameters are retrieved from historical fire data. A similarity algorithm is used to calculate the correlation weights between the current scenario and these historical cases. The communication interruption duration, equipment damage rate, and evacuation delay data from these historical cases are weighted and fused based on the correlation weights to produce a fire risk probability prediction for the current scenario. In generating the communication topology vulnerability map, each grid cell is assigned a risk level based on the communication system stability coefficient. Specifically, the stability coefficient is categorized into five levels: safe (0.8-1.0), low risk (0.6-0.8), medium risk (0.4-0.6), high risk (0.2-0.4), and extremely high risk (0-0.2). Each spatial location within the building is assigned a risk level. Simultaneously, fire cases with similar conditions to the target location are retrieved from a fire history database. This database contains detailed records of over 2,000 public fires nationwide over the past five years, including parameters such as building type, size, fire location, fire spread rate, and communication system damage. The correlation weights between the current scenario and historical cases are calculated using a multidimensional similarity algorithm. For example, for this commercial complex, 15 highly similar cases were matched, of which the highest similarity was with a fire case at a shopping mall, with a correlation weight of 0.25. Based on these correlation weights, the communication interruption duration (e.g., an average of 42 minutes), equipment damage rate (e.g., an average of 31%), and personnel evacuation delay data recorded in historical cases (e.g., an average increase in evacuation time of 4.5 minutes) were weighted and fused to obtain the fire risk probability prediction value for the current scenario. These predictions indicate that under the simulated fire scenario, the probability of complete interruption of the commercial complex's communication system is 15%, and the probability of damage to key equipment is 22%, which may result in an extension of 3.2 minutes in personnel evacuation time.

[0067] Based on the risk levels and predicted fire risk probabilities, a communication topology vulnerability map is generated and transmitted to the fire management platform's visualization terminal to obtain risk assessment results. The communication topology vulnerability map uses color coding (green to red represents low to high risk) to visually display the communication risk status of each area within the building, and special icons are used to mark key communication nodes and potential failure points. The communication topology vulnerability map is displayed to managers through the fire management platform's visualization terminal, supporting interactive query and risk analysis. For example, managers can click on a specific area to view detailed risk assessment information, including the expected duration of communication disruption and the number of affected personnel. Based on the risk assessment results, a report with targeted optimization recommendations is generated, such as adding two redundant communication nodes in the fourth-floor cinema area, upgrading the heat resistance rating of wireless base stations in the atrium area, and adjusting the topology of some communication links to improve network resilience. These recommendations are ranked and labeled with implementation priority and expected risk reduction effects, providing a scientific basis for fire management decision-making.

[0068] The method of constructing a dynamic interference matrix according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient and calculating the redundant link survival rate in the redundant communication link according to the dynamic interference matrix includes:

[0069] Based on the target site's multimodal communication network, a communication node-link topology is derived. Nodes correspond to communication equipment deployment locations, and links represent the communication connections between nodes. The dynamic interference matrix consists of rows corresponding to communication nodes and columns corresponding to predefined communication frequency bands. The dynamic interference matrix element values ​​are calculated by combining the combined signal attenuation coefficients of the predefined communication frequency bands and the priority weights of the predefined communication frequency bands. The complete communication node-link topology is obtained by scanning the communication equipment deployment diagram and network topology diagram of the commercial complex. The communication node-link topology is represented by a graph G(V,E) in graph theory, where the vertex set V represents 128 communication nodes (such as control room equipment, floor-level control points, and wireless access points), and the edge set E represents 256 communication links between nodes (such as fiber backbones and backup network connections). The dynamic interference matrix D is constructed using a location-based mapping approach. The rows of the dynamic interference matrix correspond to the 128 communication nodes, and the columns correspond to the six predefined communication frequency bands, for example, three fiber wavelengths and three wireless frequency bands. For each element D(i,j) in the dynamic interference matrix, it represents the interference degree of communication node i on frequency band j. The calculation formula is D(i,j)=A(i)×W(j), where A(i) is the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient at the position of communication node i, and W(j) is the priority weight of frequency band j.

[0070] The survival status of redundant communication links is statistically analyzed. The survival status is determined by ensuring that the dynamic interference matrix elements of the communication nodes at both ends of the link are below a preset attenuation threshold. The redundant link survival rate is calculated based on the ratio of the number of redundant links that remain viable to the total number of redundant links within a preset time window. A threshold determination method is used to evaluate the survival status of redundant communication links. For each redundant link l(i, j) (connecting communication nodes i and j), if the dynamic interference matrix elements D(i, k) and D(j, k) of the communication nodes at both ends of the link on its operating frequency band k are both below a preset attenuation threshold θ(k) (e.g., 0.7 for optical fiber links and 0.6 for wireless links), the link is considered viable. To reflect the dynamic changes in the communication network status during the fire development, a 10-minute evaluation window is set, with survival status evaluation performed every 30 seconds, generating a total of 20 network status snapshots at time points. At each time point t, the redundant link survival rate R(t) = N(t) / M is calculated, where N(t) is the number of redundant links surviving at time t, and M is the total number of redundant links (the commercial complex has a total of 78 redundant links). For example, in the simulated scenario, three minutes after the fire, the redundant link survival rate was 0.92; six minutes later, as the high-temperature smoke spread to more areas, the survival rate dropped to 0.78; and ten minutes later, as the temperature in some areas exceeded the equipment's upper heat tolerance limit, the survival rate further dropped to 0.65. These data provide important basis for subsequent communication system stability factor calculations and risk assessments.

[0071] Example 2: Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides a public place fire risk assessment system, the system comprising: a comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient generation module, a communication system stability coefficient acquisition module, and a risk assessment management module, wherein the modules are sequentially connected to each other;

[0072] A comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient generation module is used to construct a communication channel attenuation model based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the target location, and calculate the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of different spatial locations of the target location through the communication channel attenuation model;

[0073] The communication system stability coefficient acquisition module is used to perform dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain the communication system stability coefficient.

[0074] The risk assessment management module is used to combine the stability coefficient of the communication system with historical fire data analysis to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtain a risk assessment result of the target location based on the communication topology vulnerability map.

[0075] The integrated signal attenuation coefficient generation module comprises the following steps:

[0076] The thermal expansion deformation of the metal structure of the communication equipment under high temperature environment is calculated based on the temperature distribution data of the high-temperature smoke interference parameters and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal parts of the communication equipment. The optical signal transmission loss correction function is established in combination with the temperature dependence parameter of the optical fiber refractive index.

[0077] The scattering attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in a preset millimeter wave frequency band in a smoke environment is calculated based on the smoke concentration gradient data and the smoke particle size distribution data in the high-temperature smoke interference parameters.

[0078] The optical signal transmission loss correction function is coupled with the scattering attenuation coefficient to generate a communication channel attenuation model.

[0079] The target location is divided into spatial grid units with preset accuracy, and the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the corresponding position are loaded for each grid unit; the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals of each grid unit is calculated according to the communication channel attenuation model, and the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals in the same grid unit is weightedly fused according to the communication link priority weight preset at the target location to obtain the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient.

[0080] The communication system stability coefficient acquisition module includes:

[0081] The data acquisition module is used to construct a dynamic interference matrix based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient, and to calculate the redundant link survival rate in the redundant communication links based on the dynamic interference matrix; to extract the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the key communication node, and to calculate the invulnerability score of the key communication node based on the preset communication node fire resistance grade parameter and heat dissipation efficiency parameter; to simulate the failure scenario of the main communication link, and to calculate the maximum recovery delay time based on the switching delay time of the backup link and the signal recovery stabilization time.

[0082] The communication system stability coefficient calculation submodule is used to calculate the communication system stability coefficient by normalizing the redundant link survival rate, the invulnerability score and the maximum recovery delay time.

[0083] The risk assessment management module includes the following steps:

[0084] Grid cells are divided into risk levels according to the stability coefficient of the communication system; historical cases matching the fire simulation parameters of the target location are obtained from the historical fire data, and the correlation weights between the current scenario and the historical cases are calculated using a similarity algorithm; the communication interruption duration, equipment damage rate, and personnel evacuation delay data in the historical cases are weighted and fused according to the correlation weights to obtain the fire risk probability prediction value for the current scenario.

[0085] A communication topology vulnerability map is generated based on the risk level and the fire risk probability prediction value and transmitted to the visualization terminal of the fire management platform to obtain the risk assessment result.

[0086] The data acquisition module includes the following steps:

[0087] The communication node-link topology structure is obtained based on the multimodal communication network of the target location, where the communication nodes correspond to the deployment locations of the communication equipment, and the links represent the communication connections between the communication nodes. The rows of the dynamic interference matrix correspond to the communication nodes, and the columns correspond to the preset communication frequency bands. The element values ​​of the dynamic interference matrix are calculated by the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the preset communication frequency band of the communication node and the priority weight of the preset communication frequency band.

[0088] The survival status of redundant communication links is counted, and the survival status judgment criterion is that the dynamic interference matrix element values ​​of the communication nodes at both ends of the communication link are all lower than the preset attenuation threshold; the redundant link survival rate is calculated based on the ratio of the number of redundant links that maintain survival status within a preset time window to the total number of redundant links.

[0089] It should be noted that, regarding the system in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing fire risk in public places, characterized in that: The method comprises: A communication channel attenuation model is constructed based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the target location, and the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients at different spatial locations of the target location are calculated using the communication channel attenuation model; Performing dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain a communication system stability coefficient; The stability coefficient of the communication system is combined with historical fire data analysis to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and a risk assessment result of the target location is obtained based on the communication topology vulnerability map.

2. A method for assessing fire risk in public places according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of constructing a communication channel attenuation model based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameter of the target location and calculating the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients at different spatial locations of the target location using the communication channel attenuation model includes: The thermal expansion deformation of the metal structure of the communication equipment under high temperature environment is calculated based on the temperature distribution data of the high temperature smoke interference parameter and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal components of the communication equipment. The optical signal transmission loss correction function is established by combining the temperature dependence parameter of the optical fiber refractive index. Calculating the scattering attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in a preset millimeter wave frequency band in a smoke environment based on the smoke concentration gradient data and the smoke particle size distribution data in the high-temperature smoke interference parameter; Coupling the optical signal transmission loss correction function with the scattering attenuation coefficient to generate a communication channel attenuation model; The target location is divided into spatial grid units with preset accuracy, and the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the corresponding position are loaded for each grid unit; the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals of each grid unit is calculated according to the communication channel attenuation model, and the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals in the same grid unit is weightedly fused according to the communication link priority weight preset at the target location to obtain the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient.

3. A method for assessing fire risk in public places according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for performing dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain the communication system stability coefficient includes: A dynamic interference matrix is ​​constructed based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient, and the redundant link survival rate of the redundant communication links is calculated based on the dynamic interference matrix; the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the key communication node is extracted, and the invulnerability score of the key communication node is calculated by combining the preset communication node fire resistance grade parameter and heat dissipation efficiency parameter; a primary communication link failure scenario is simulated, and the maximum recovery delay time is calculated based on the switching delay time of the backup link and the signal recovery stabilization time; The communication system stability coefficient is calculated by normalizing the redundant link survival rate, the invulnerability score and the maximum recovery delay time.

4. A method for assessing fire risk in public places according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of analyzing the communication system stability coefficient in combination with historical fire data to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtaining a risk assessment result of the target location based on the communication topology vulnerability map includes: Grid cells are classified into risk levels based on the stability coefficient of the communication system. Historical fire cases matching the fire simulation parameters of the target location are obtained from historical fire data, and the correlation weight between the current scenario and the historical cases is calculated using a similarity algorithm. The communication interruption duration, equipment damage rate, and personnel evacuation delay data in the historical cases are weighted and fused based on the correlation weight to obtain a fire risk probability prediction value for the current scenario. A communication topology vulnerability map is generated based on the risk level and the fire risk probability prediction value and transmitted to the visualization terminal of the fire management platform to obtain the risk assessment result.

5. A method for assessing fire risk in public places according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of constructing a dynamic interference matrix according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient and calculating the redundant link survival rate in the redundant communication link according to the dynamic interference matrix includes: A communication node-link topology is obtained based on the multimodal communication network of the target location, where the communication nodes correspond to the deployment locations of the communication equipment, and the links represent the communication connections between the communication nodes. The rows of the dynamic interference matrix correspond to the communication nodes, and the columns correspond to the preset communication frequency bands. The dynamic interference matrix element values ​​are calculated by combining the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of the preset communication frequency bands of the communication nodes and the priority weights of the preset communication frequency bands. The survival status of redundant communication links is counted, and the survival status judgment criterion is that the dynamic interference matrix element values ​​of the communication nodes at both ends of the communication link are all lower than the preset attenuation threshold; the redundant link survival rate is calculated based on the ratio of the number of redundant links that maintain survival status within a preset time window to the total number of redundant links.

6. A public place fire risk assessment system, characterized in that: The system includes: a comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient generation module, a communication system stability coefficient acquisition module, and a risk assessment management module, and each module is sequentially connected to each other; A comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient generation module is used to construct a communication channel attenuation model based on the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the target location, and calculate the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of different spatial locations of the target location through the communication channel attenuation model; a communication system stability coefficient acquisition module, configured to perform dynamic interference analysis on the multimodal communication network of the target location according to the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient to obtain the communication system stability coefficient; The risk assessment management module is used to combine the stability coefficient of the communication system with historical fire data analysis to obtain a communication topology vulnerability map of the target location under high-temperature smoke interference, and obtain a risk assessment result of the target location based on the communication topology vulnerability map.

7. A public place fire risk assessment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The integrated signal attenuation coefficient generation module comprises the following steps: The thermal expansion deformation of the metal structure of the communication equipment under high temperature environment is calculated based on the temperature distribution data of the high temperature smoke interference parameter and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal components of the communication equipment. The optical signal transmission loss correction function is established by combining the temperature dependence parameter of the optical fiber refractive index. Calculating the scattering attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in a preset millimeter wave frequency band in a smoke environment based on the smoke concentration gradient data and the smoke particle size distribution data in the high-temperature smoke interference parameter; Coupling the optical signal transmission loss correction function with the scattering attenuation coefficient to generate a communication channel attenuation model; The target location is divided into spatial grid units with preset accuracy, and the high-temperature smoke interference parameters of the corresponding position are loaded for each grid unit; the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals of each grid unit is calculated according to the communication channel attenuation model, and the signal attenuation of the multi-band signals in the same grid unit is weightedly fused according to the communication link priority weight preset at the target location to obtain the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient.

8. A public place fire risk assessment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication system stability coefficient acquisition module includes: The data acquisition module is used to construct a dynamic interference matrix based on the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient and calculate the redundant link survival rate of the redundant communication links based on the dynamic interference matrix; extract the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficient of the key communication node and calculate the invulnerability score of the key communication node based on the preset communication node fire resistance rating parameter and heat dissipation efficiency parameter; simulate the failure scenario of the primary communication link and calculate the maximum recovery delay time based on the switching delay time of the backup link and the signal recovery stabilization time; The communication system stability coefficient calculation submodule is used to calculate the communication system stability coefficient by normalizing the redundant link survival rate, the invulnerability score and the maximum recovery delay time.

9. The public place fire risk assessment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The risk assessment management module includes the following steps: Grid cells are classified into risk levels based on the stability coefficient of the communication system. Historical fire cases matching the fire simulation parameters of the target location are obtained from historical fire data, and the correlation weight between the current scenario and the historical cases is calculated using a similarity algorithm. The communication interruption duration, equipment damage rate, and personnel evacuation delay data in the historical cases are weighted and fused based on the correlation weight to obtain a fire risk probability prediction value for the current scenario. A communication topology vulnerability map is generated based on the risk level and the fire risk probability prediction value and transmitted to the visualization terminal of the fire management platform to obtain the risk assessment result.

10. The public place fire risk assessment system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes the following steps: A communication node-link topology is obtained based on the multimodal communication network of the target location, where the communication nodes correspond to the deployment locations of the communication equipment, and the links represent the communication connections between the communication nodes. The rows of the dynamic interference matrix correspond to the communication nodes, and the columns correspond to the preset communication frequency bands. The dynamic interference matrix element values ​​are calculated by combining the comprehensive signal attenuation coefficients of the preset communication frequency bands of the communication nodes and the priority weights of the preset communication frequency bands. The survival status of redundant communication links is counted, and the survival status judgment criterion is that the dynamic interference matrix element values ​​of the communication nodes at both ends of the communication link are all lower than the preset attenuation threshold; the redundant link survival rate is calculated based on the ratio of the number of redundant links that maintain survival status within a preset time window to the total number of redundant links.

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