High-speed high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system and imaging method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system and an imaging method. Light of an object is emitted to the polarization splitting prism to be transmitted and reflected after passing through the first-stage imaging module, the transmitted light is reflected back to the polarization splitting prism after being coded and modulated by the spatial light modulator, and then the transmitted light enters the target surface of the camera through the second-stage imaging module to form a coded imaging image; the reflected light is transmitted to the hollow ridge reflecting prism through the quarter-wave plate, is reflected back to the quarter-wave plate through the hollow ridge reflecting prism, then sequentially passes through the quarter-wave plate, the polarization splitting prism and the secondary imaging module and then enters the target surface of the camera to form a common imaging image, and then coded imaging data is matched with common imaging data; and decoding reconstruction is carried out by adopting an alternating direction multiplier method of a point spread function integrated with the first-stage imaging module and the second-stage imaging module. Compared with a traditional imaging mode, the method can break through the imaging frame rate limit of a camera, and has the advantages of high imaging resolution and small data volume.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical imaging, and in particular to a high-speed and high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system and an imaging method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Optical imaging is a crucial means for humans to acquire information. However, with the increasing demand for imaging, traditional imaging technologies are no longer able to meet researchers' needs in terms of imaging speed and resolution. Compressed sensing imaging technology, based on the mathematical assumption of signal sparsity, utilizes coded random sampling and post-processing algorithmic reconstruction to complete image acquisition. Compared with traditional imaging methods, it breaks through the Nyquist sampling theorem and can accurately reconstruct images with minimal sampling, greatly improving imaging speed. The ultimate imaging rate can exceed the camera's imaging frame rate limit. In recent years, researchers have gradually applied compressed sensing imaging technology to various imaging fields, such as aperture-coded snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI) in hyperspectral imaging and compressed ultrafast imaging (CUP) in ultrafast imaging.

[0003] To achieve compressed sensing imaging, traditional imaging systems generally require improvements in hardware encoding and algorithmic reconstruction. In coded imaging, researchers typically use digital micromirror devices or spatial light modulators to load a binary mask pattern to encode the imaging beam. However, the modulation of the mask pattern blocks light from passing through some pixels, resulting in a loss of imaging light energy and information, further leading to insufficient reconstructed resolution and loss of detail.

[0004] In the decoding and reconstruction realm, researchers have utilized various inverse problem-solving frameworks to reconstruct compressed sensing images, such as the two-step iterative convergence algorithm (TwIST), the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and the generalized alternating projection method (GAP). ADMM is widely used due to its flexible structure, ability to be combined with various priors, and high reconstruction quality. However, because traditional ADMM reconstruction of compressed sensing images does not account for image blurring caused by the optical point spread function, the resulting reconstructed image may suffer from low resolution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a high-speed and high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system and an imaging method thereof.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention includes a primary imaging module, a polarization beam splitter prism, a quarter-wave plate, a hollow roof reflection prism, a spatial light modulator, a secondary imaging module, and a camera. Light from an object is incident on the primary imaging module, and then exits the primary imaging module to the polarization beam splitter prism for transmission and reflection. The light transmitted through the polarization beam splitter prism is used as a coded imaging beam, and then is coded and modulated by the spatial light modulator and reflected back to the polarization beam splitter prism. Then, the light passes through the secondary imaging module and is incident on the target surface of the camera to form a coded imaging image.

[0008] The reflected light from the polarization beam splitter prism is transmitted through the quarter-wave plate to the hollow roof reflection prism as a normal imaging beam, and is reflected back to the quarter-wave plate by the hollow roof reflection prism. It then passes through the quarter-wave plate, the polarization beam splitter prism, and the secondary imaging module in sequence and is incident on the target surface of the camera to form a normal imaging image. The coded imaging image and the normal imaging image are respectively located in different areas of the camera target surface, and the two are spliced ​​together to form a composite image.

[0009] The object light is a light beam emitted from the object to be measured and carries spatial structure information of the object to be measured.

[0010] It also includes a decoding and reconstruction unit, which is electrically connected to the camera and is used to decode and reconstruct the coded imaging image and ordinary imaging image captured by the camera according to the preset mask coding information of the spatial light modulator to obtain reconstructed images of the object to be measured in different time states within the camera exposure time.

[0011] The primary imaging module and the secondary imaging module are both lenses or lens groups.

[0012] The object to be measured and the spatial light modulator form a pair of conjugate surfaces, and the spatial light modulator and the target surface of the camera form a pair of conjugate surfaces.

[0013] The position setting of the hollow roof reflecting prism satisfies the following requirements: the ordinary imaging image and the coded imaging image formed on the camera target surface do not overlap with each other.

[0014] The imaging method of the high-speed and high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system includes the following steps:

[0015] S1, using a high-speed and high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system to obtain a composite image;

[0016] S2, extracting the coded imaging image and the common imaging image from the composite image;

[0017] S3. Reconstructing the image of the object under test using an alternating direction multiplication method on the coded image and the normal image, combining the preset mask coding information of the spatial light modulator and the optical point spread functions of the primary imaging module and the secondary imaging module, thereby obtaining a plurality of reconstructed images of the object under test at different time states within the camera exposure time. The coded image and the normal image do not overlap.

[0018] The number of reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states obtained in step S3 during the camera exposure time is the same as the number of masks replaced by the spatial light modulator during the camera exposure time.

[0019] The reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states are specifically set according to the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] O(x,y)=[O1(x,y),O2(x,y),…,O N (x,y)]

[0022] Among them, O(x,y) represents the light of the object, I1 and I2 represent the coded imaging image and the ordinary imaging image respectively, x and y represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates on the image respectively, PSF1 and PSF2 represent the optical point spread function of the primary imaging module and the secondary imaging module respectively, represents the convolution operation, O n Indicates the light of the object at the nth moment during one exposure of the camera, M n represents the mask pattern loaded by the spatial light modulator at the nth moment during one exposure of the camera, N represents the total number of spatial light modulator mask transformations during one exposure of the camera, dx represents the pixel offset caused by the hollow roof prism, and R[O(x,y)] represents the prior constraint on the image.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] In terms of coded imaging, the present invention uses a polarization beam splitter prism to split the imaging beam into a coded imaging beam and a common imaging beam. After being modulated by a spatial light modulator, the coded imaging beam is imaged on the camera at the same time as the common imaging beam. In view of the problem of pixel obstruction caused by mask modulation of the existing imaging optical path, the common imaging optical path is introduced to reduce the loss of light energy and light information, laying the foundation for high-resolution reconstruction.

[0025] The present invention proposes an image reconstruction method with higher image resolution. The optical point spread functions of the primary imaging module and the secondary imaging module are integrated into the traditional alternating direction multiplier method decoding framework. Compared with the traditional decoding method, the resolution of the reconstructed image is higher.

[0026] The present invention uses compressed sensing coding imaging and decoding reconstruction as the basic principle, achieving high-speed imaging that exceeds the camera acquisition frame rate; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system workflow of this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the optical system of this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the camera exposure sequence and spatial light modulator mask loading sequence of this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 1 is a diagram showing the simulation imaging results and solution results of this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the optical system structure of the present invention applied to light sheet microscopy;

[0032] Figure 6 This is an XY plane display diagram of the simulated imaging results and solution results of the present invention applied to light sheet microscopy;

[0033] Figure 7 This is an XZ plane display diagram of the simulated imaging results and solution results of the present invention applied to light sheet microscopy;

[0034] In the figure: primary imaging module 1, polarization beam splitter prism 2, quarter wave plate 3, hollow roof reflection prism 4, spatial light modulator 5, secondary imaging module 6, camera 7, laser emitting device 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment includes a laser emitting device 9, a primary imaging module 1, a polarization beam splitter prism 2, a quarter-wave plate 3, a hollow roof reflecting prism 4, a spatial light modulator 5, a secondary imaging module 6 and a camera 7;

[0037] The light emitted from the object to be measured is incident on the primary imaging module 1 as the light of the object, and then is emitted to the polarization beam splitter prism 2 after passing through the primary imaging module 1 for transmission and right-angle reflection. The transmitted light of the polarization beam splitter prism 2 is reflected back to the polarization beam splitter prism 2 as the coded imaging beam after being coded and modulated by the spatial light modulator 5, and then reflected back to the polarization beam splitter prism 2 at a right angle to the secondary imaging module 6. After passing through the secondary imaging module 6, it is incident on the target surface of the camera 7 to form a coded imaging image; the right-angle reflected light of the polarization beam splitter prism 2 is transmitted through the quarter wave plate 3 to the hollow roof ridge reflection prism 4 as the ordinary imaging beam, and is reflected back to the quarter wave plate 3 by the hollow roof ridge reflection prism 4. Then, it is sequentially transmitted through the quarter wave plate 3 and the polarization beam splitter prism 2 and then incident on the secondary imaging module 6. After the secondary imaging module 6, it is incident on the target surface of the camera 7 to form an ordinary imaging image. The coded imaging image and the ordinary imaging image are respectively located in different areas of the target surface of the camera (7), and the two are spliced ​​together to form a composite image. That is, the camera 7 outputs only one image, and the coded imaging image and the common imaging image are images of different regions in the one image output by the camera 7 .

[0038] The object light is a beam of light emitted from the object to be measured and carrying information about the spatial structure of the object to be measured, specifically including but not limited to light reflected / transmitted / scattered by the object to be measured or light emitted by the object to be measured itself.

[0039] The target surface of the camera 7 is specifically the imaging plane where the photosensitive detector inside the camera is located, also called the photosensitive surface, imaging surface or sensor surface.

[0040] Typically, the intensity of the coded imaging beam and the normal imaging beam is equal.

[0041] Specifically, the light of the coded imaging beam is P light, such as Figure 2 As shown by the solid line, this portion of light passes through polarization beam splitter prism 2 and continues to propagate to spatial light modulator 5, where it is modulated by the mask pattern of spatial light modulator 5 and its polarization state changes, becoming S light. This portion of the light beam is then reflected 180° by the spatial light modulator before re-entering polarization beam splitter prism 2. Polarization beam splitter prism 2 reflects the coded imaging beam 90° before entering secondary imaging module 6. The beam, after passing through secondary imaging module 6, is ultimately imaged on the target surface of camera 7.

[0042] The light of the ordinary imaging beam is S light, such as Figure 2 As shown by the dashed line, this portion of light is reflected 90° by the polarization beam splitter prism 2 and first passes through the quarter-wave plate 3. It is then sequentially reflected by the two reflective surfaces of the hollow roof reflector prism 4 and passes through the quarter-wave plate 3 again. After passing through the quarter-wave plate 3 again, the light beam is converted into P light. After passing through the polarization beam splitter prism 2, this light beam continues to propagate to the secondary imaging module 6, and finally forms an image on the target surface of the camera 7.

[0043] The light of the object is incident on the primary imaging module 1, and the direction of the light incident on the primary imaging module 1 is used as the incident direction. The object to be measured, the primary imaging module 1, the polarization beam splitter prism 2 and the spatial light modulator 5 are arranged in sequence along the incident direction. The object to be measured and the spatial light modulator 5 form a pair of conjugate surfaces. The hollow roof reflection prism 4, the quarter-wave plate 3, the polarization beam splitter prism 2, the secondary imaging module 6 and the camera 7 are arranged in sequence along a direction perpendicular to the incident direction. The spatial light modulator 5 and the target surface of the camera 7 form a pair of conjugate surfaces.

[0044] It also includes a decoding and reconstruction unit, which is electrically connected to the camera 7 and is used to decode and reconstruct the composite image captured by the camera according to the preset mask coding information of the spatial light modulator 5 to obtain reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states within the camera exposure time.

[0045] In a macroscopic scenario, the primary imaging module 1 and the secondary imaging module 6 are both lenses or lens groups.

[0046] The object to be measured and the spatial light modulator 5 form a pair of conjugate surfaces, and the spatial light modulator 5 and the target surface of the camera 7 form a pair of conjugate surfaces.

[0047] Conjugate surfaces are a pair of interrelated planes where changes in an object on one surface are reflected in the other. Based on the principle of reversibility of optical paths, if a light source is placed at an object point, an image will be formed at the image point, and vice versa. These two corresponding points are called a pair of conjugate points. These conjugate points can form conjugate lines, and thus conjugate surfaces.

[0048] The hollow roof prism 4 is mounted on a translation stage, which allows the position of the hollow roof prism 5 to be adjusted so that the normal imaging beam is imaged exactly on the target surface of the camera 7. The hollow roof reflector prism 4 is positioned so that the normal imaging image and the coded imaging image formed do not overlap on the target surface of the camera 7. In other words, the normal imaging image and the coded imaging image are located in different, independent sub-areas of the camera output image. Adjusting the position of the hollow roof reflector prism 4 allows the position of the normal imaging image on the target surface of the camera 7 to be adjusted.

[0049] The hollow roof prism 4 has two reflecting surfaces, which are arranged at 90 degrees. The ordinary imaging beam is reflected in sequence on the two reflecting surfaces of the hollow roof reflecting prism 4, causing the propagation direction of the beam to reverse 180 degrees and the lateral position to shift. Therefore, the image of the ordinary imaging beam on the target surface of the camera 7 is exactly offset from the image of the coded imaging beam, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0050] A high-speed and high-resolution compressed sensing imaging method comprises the following steps:

[0051] S1, using a high-speed and high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system to obtain a composite image;

[0052] S2, extracting the coded imaging image and the common imaging image from the composite image and performing pixel matching;

[0053] S3. Combining the preset mask coding information of the spatial light modulator 5 and the optical point spread functions of the primary imaging module 1 and the secondary imaging module 6, the alternating direction multiplier method is used to reconstruct the image of the object to be measured for the coded imaging image and the ordinary imaging image, and the reconstructed image of the object to be measured at different time states within the camera exposure time is obtained.

[0054] The number of reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states during the camera exposure time is the same as the number of masks replaced by the spatial light modulator 5 during the camera exposure time.

[0055] The coded imaging image and the common imaging image are located in different areas in the composite image captured by the camera and do not overlap with each other.

[0056] This embodiment includes two parts: an encoding and imaging method and a decoding and reconstruction method. In the encoding and imaging part, light emitted by an object first passes through the various optical components of the encoding and imaging unit, ultimately forming an image on the target surface of camera 7 and recording it. Subsequently, in the decoding and reconstruction part, the recorded raw imaging data undergoes computer processing steps in the decoding and reconstruction module to reconstruct multiple high-resolution images.

[0057] The decoding and reconstruction method primarily involves performing regional matching of coded imaging data and conventional imaging data, followed by data reconstruction using the alternating direction multiplication method. The matching step involves cropping coded imaging data and conventional imaging data corresponding to the same object location from the captured image data and performing pixel matching between the two images. The matched image data then enters the alternating direction multiplication method reconstruction step, along with the optical point spread functions of the primary imaging module 1 and the secondary imaging module 6, as well as the mask pattern applied to the spatial light modulator 5. After the reconstruction step, the captured image data is reconstructed into multiple high-resolution images.

[0058] In this embodiment, the decoding and reconstruction unit first selects I1(x, y) and I2(x+dx, y) corresponding to the same area for pixel matching, and then uses the alternating direction multiplication method to fuse the optical point spread functions PSF1 and PSF2 of the primary imaging module 1 and the secondary imaging module 6 to reconstruct O(x, y).

[0059] The coding modulation of the spatial light modulator 5 is specifically as follows: the spatial light modulator 5 and the camera 7 are started at the same time. When the camera exposure starts, the spatial light modulator 5 starts to load the first preset mask according to the preset mask coding information of the spatial light modulator 5. When the camera exposure ends, the spatial light modulator 5 completes the loading of all preset masks according to the preset mask coding information of the spatial light modulator 5. The mask pattern loaded by the spatial light modulator 5 includes but is not limited to a binary random mask pattern, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0060] Specifically, if Figure 3 In the imaging process shown, during a single exposure by camera 7, spatial light modulator 5 switches masks multiple times. Each time camera 7 begins exposure, spatial light modulator 5 precisely loads the first mask. Camera 7 precisely synchronizes with spatial light modulator 5 using three different timing control methods. These precise synchronization timing control methods include: Method 1: the modulator 5 sends a signal each time it begins loading the first mask, and camera 7 begins exposure upon receiving the signal; Method 2: the camera 7 sends a signal at the start of exposure, and spatial light modulator 5 begins mask loading upon receiving the signal; and Method 3: an external signal source sends a signal, and camera 7 and spatial light modulator 5 receive the signal and begin exposure and mask loading, respectively.

[0061] In all three synchronization modes, the exposure time of the camera 7 needs to be pre-set to be exactly equal to the time it takes for the spatial light modulator 5 to load multiple masks.

[0062] The reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states are specifically set according to the following formula:

[0063]

[0064] O(x,y)=[O1(x,y),O2(x,y),…,O N (x,y)]

[0065] Wherein, O(x,y) represents the light of the object, I1 and I2 represent the images formed by the coded imaging beam and the ordinary imaging beam respectively, x and y represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates on the image respectively, PSF1 and PSF2 represent the optical point spread functions of the primary imaging module 1 and the secondary imaging module 6 respectively, represents the convolution operation, O n It represents the light emitted by the object at the nth moment during the exposure process of camera 7, M n represents the mask pattern loaded by the spatial light modulator 5 at the nth moment during one exposure process of the camera 7, N represents the total number of mask changes of the spatial light modulator 5 during one exposure process of the camera 7, and dx represents the pixel offset caused by the hollow roof prism 4.

[0066] R[O(x,y)] represents the prior constraint on the image. The prior methods that can be used include but are not limited to total variation prior, L1 norm prior, Hessian continuity prior, weighted nuclear norm minimization prior, etc.

[0067] Let the light emitted by the object be O n (x, y), where x and y represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates on the image, and the primary imaging module 1 is O n The (x,y) imaging process can be used It means that for the coded imaging beam, the mask modulation on the spatial light modulator can be expressed as the product of the mask and the fluorescence, that is, The imaging process of the secondary imaging module 2 can then be expressed as The mask changes multiple times in one acquisition of camera 7, so the image formed by the coded imaging beam can be expressed as:

[0068]

[0069] For a common imaging beam, the effect of the hollow roof prism 4 on the beam is lateral movement, so the image formed by the common imaging beam can be expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] In the specific reconstruction step, it is necessary to set intermediate variables: u and v, and update the three variables in each iteration:

[0072]

[0073] u i+1 =u i +ρ(O i+1 -v i+1 )

[0074] Among them, ρ is an adjustable parameter and i represents the number of updates.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, it is a display diagram of the simulation imaging results and the solution results of this embodiment, that is, the focal lengths of the primary imaging module 1 and the secondary imaging module 6 of the device are changed to make them suitable for normal macroscopic imaging. It should be noted that in this simulation, the exposure time of the camera 7 corresponds to 8 changes of the mask pattern, but the present invention does not limit any number of changes during the specific implementation process. Figure 4 a is ordinary imaging data, Figure 4 b is the coded imaging data, Figure 4 c shows the multiple images computed from the normal and coded imaging data. The decoded and reconstructed images reflect the dynamic changes of the imaged person.

[0076] like Figure 5 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the optical structure of an implementation of the present invention applied to light sheet microscopy imaging. Figure 2 In contrast, when applied to light-sheet microscopy, this embodiment requires the addition of a laser emitting device 9, which includes a laser light source, a laser beam expander, a cylindrical lens, and an excitation objective lens. After emitting laser light from the laser light source, it passes through the laser beam expander, cylindrical lens, and excitation objective lens in sequence, stimulating the imaging object. The laser beam expander is used to expand the diameter of the laser beam, the cylindrical lens shapes the circular laser beam into a sheet of light, and the excitation objective lens focuses the sheet of light onto the imaging object.

[0077] During the encoding imaging process, Figure 3 As shown, during a single exposure by camera 7, spatial light modulator 5 switches masks multiple times, and each exposure begins just as the first mask is loaded. Simultaneously, the translation stage continuously moves the imaging object, and each exposure by camera 7 records images at different depths of the object. It should be noted that in this simulation, a single exposure by camera 7 corresponds to eight mask pattern changes, but the present invention does not limit the number of changes in practice.

[0078] like Figure 6 Shown is an XY plane display diagram of simulated imaging results and solution results in one implementation of the present invention applied to light sheet microscopy imaging. Figure 6 The sample in the image is ocular vascular fluorescence. Figure 6 a is ordinary imaging data, Figure 6 b is the coded imaging data, Figure 6 c is a number of result images calculated from the normal imaging data and the coded imaging data. Figure 6 As shown in the area marked by the dotted circle, multiple images after decoding and reconstruction more clearly show the extension changes of blood vessels.

[0079] like Figure 7 The figure shows the XZ plane display of the simulation imaging results and the solution results in one implementation of the present embodiment applied to light sheet microscopy imaging. Figure 6 The XZ surface effect of the image in the figure is shown in the figure. Figure 7 a is the XZ surface effect of ordinary imaging data, Figure 7 b is the XZ surface effect of the encoded imaging data, Figure 7 Figure c shows the XZ plane of the resulting image calculated from the normal imaging data and the encoded imaging data. A comparison of the three shows that the decoded and reconstructed image has richer details and higher resolution in the Z-axis direction.

[0080] The present invention can be applied to situations where the object to be measured moves at high speed or the surface information of the object to be measured is scanned quickly.

[0081] The present invention includes two units: encoding imaging and decoding and reconstruction. In the encoding imaging part, the light emitted by the object passes through the primary imaging module and is divided into two parts by the polarization beam splitter prism: an encoded imaging beam and an ordinary imaging beam. The encoded imaging beam is encoded and modulated by the spatial light modulator and reflected and re-enters the polarization beam splitter prism. The ordinary imaging beam is reflected by the hollow roof reflection prism and re-enters the polarization beam splitter prism. The encoded imaging beam and the ordinary imaging beam emitted from the polarization beam splitter prism are then imaged simultaneously at different positions on the camera target surface through the secondary imaging module. In the decoding and reconstruction part, the encoded imaging data is first matched with the ordinary imaging data, and then decoding and reconstruction are performed using the alternating direction multiplier method that incorporates the point spread functions of the primary imaging module and the secondary imaging module.

[0082] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system, characterized by: The invention comprises a primary imaging module (1), a polarization beam splitter prism (2), a quarter-wave plate (3), a hollow roof reflection prism (4), a spatial light modulator (5), a secondary imaging module (6) and a camera (7); light emitted from an object to be measured is incident on the primary imaging module (1) as the object light, and then emitted to the polarization beam splitter prism (2) after passing through the primary imaging module (1) to undergo transmission and reflection; the transmitted light through the polarization beam splitter prism (2) is reflected back to the polarization beam splitter prism (2) after being coded and modulated by the spatial light modulator (5) as a coded imaging beam, and then reflected to the secondary imaging module (6); and then incident on the target surface of the camera (7) after passing through the secondary imaging module (6) to form a coded imaging image; The reflected light from the polarization beam splitter prism (2) is transmitted as a common imaging beam through a quarter-wave plate (3) to a hollow roof reflection prism (4), and is reflected back to the quarter-wave plate (3) by the hollow roof reflection prism (4). The light is then sequentially transmitted through the quarter-wave plate (3), the polarization beam splitter prism (2), and the secondary imaging module (6) before being incident on a target surface of a camera (7) to form a common imaging image. The coded imaging image and the common imaging image are respectively located in different areas of the target surface of the camera (7), and the two are spliced ​​together to form a composite image.

2. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The object light is a light beam emitted from the object to be measured and carries spatial structure information of the object to be measured.

3. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a decoding and reconstruction unit, which is electrically connected to the camera (7) and is used to decode and reconstruct the coded imaging image and the ordinary imaging image captured by the camera according to the preset mask coding information of the spatial light modulator (5) to obtain reconstructed images of the object to be measured in different time states within the exposure time of the camera (7).

4. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary imaging module (1) and the secondary imaging module (6) are both lenses or lens groups.

5. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The object to be measured and the spatial light modulator (5) form a pair of conjugate surfaces, and the spatial light modulator (5) and the target surface of the camera (7) form a pair of conjugate surfaces.

6. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position setting of the hollow roof reflecting prism (4) satisfies the following conditions: the ordinary imaging image and the coded imaging image formed on the target surface of the camera (7) do not overlap with each other.

7. An imaging method using the high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, using a high-speed and high-resolution compressed sensing imaging system to obtain a composite image; S2, extracting the coded imaging image and the common imaging image from the composite image; S3, combining the mask coding information of the preset spatial light modulator (5) and the optical point spread functions of the primary imaging module (1) and the secondary imaging module (6), reconstructing the image of the object to be measured using the alternating direction multiplier method for the coded imaging image and the ordinary imaging image, and obtaining a plurality of reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states within the exposure time of the camera (7).

8. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coded imaging image and the common imaging image do not overlap with each other.

9. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states obtained in step S3 during the exposure time of the camera (7) is the same as the number of masks replaced by the spatial light modulator (5) during the exposure time of the camera (7).

10. The high-speed, high-resolution compressed sensing imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reconstructed images of the object to be measured at different time states are specifically set according to the following formula: O(x,y)=[O1(x,y),O2(x,y),…,O N (x,y)] Wherein, O(x,y) represents the light of the object, I1 and I2 represent the coded imaging image and the ordinary imaging image respectively, x and y represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates on the image respectively, PSF1 and PSF2 represent the optical point spread function of the primary imaging module (1) and the secondary imaging module (6) respectively, Represents the convolution operation, R[O(x,y)] represents the prior constraint on the image, O n represents the light of the object at the nth moment during one exposure of the camera (7), M n represents the mask pattern loaded by the spatial light modulator (5) at the nth moment during one exposure process of the camera (7), N represents the total number of mask changes of the spatial light modulator (5) during one exposure process of the camera (7), and dx represents the pixel offset caused by the hollow roof prism (4).

Images