A temperature-controlled, split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound

Abstract

This invention discloses a temperature-controlled, split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound, belonging to the field of photocatalytic reaction devices. It includes a split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction module and an electronic control module. The piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction module includes a reactor, a temperature sensing unit, and a pressure sensing unit. The reactor includes a reaction tank, a circulating water tank, and an ultrasonic generator. The reaction tank includes a reaction chamber, a reactor cover, and a light-transmitting window. The temperature sensing unit includes a thermocouple and a sealing valve. The pressure sensing unit includes a pressure gauge. The electronic control module includes a power supply for the ultrasonic device, a power supply for the temperature sensing module, a display screen, ultrasonic control buttons, connectors, relays, and a programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC is connected to the display screen, ultrasonic control buttons, and relays. This device achieves efficient coupling catalysis of ultrasound and light energy, split-type portability, and corrosion-resistant sealed operation, significantly improving the stability and efficiency of the piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photocatalytic reaction devices, and more specifically to a temperature-controlled, split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound. Background Technology

[0002] Photocatalysis technology has attracted widespread attention due to its enormous potential in the degradation of environmental pollutants and the conversion of new energy sources. This technology utilizes semiconductor materials to absorb light energy and generate electron-hole pairs, driving redox reactions, offering advantages such as being green and energy-efficient. In particular, coupling the piezoelectric effect with photocatalysis can utilize the built-in electric field induced by mechanical stress to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, theoretically significantly improving reaction efficiency.

[0003] However, existing piezoelectric photocatalytic reactors suffer from significant drawbacks in energy coupling and conduction. The common practice is to place the photocatalytic reactor, containing the catalyst and reaction solution, directly in an external ultrasonic cleaning tank or near an ultrasonic probe. This method results in uneven ultrasonic energy conduction and severe attenuation, making it difficult to effectively and stably act on the piezoelectric catalyst inside the reactor. The acoustic impedance mismatch of materials such as glass further exacerbates energy loss, making it difficult to fully excite the piezoelectric effect and achieve efficient synergy between light and mechanical energy, thus limiting substantial breakthroughs in catalytic efficiency.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing devices lack the ability to precisely control the reaction environment. The performance of piezoelectric catalysts is extremely sensitive to temperature and pressure conditions: temperature fluctuations affect the piezoelectricity of the material, while pressure changes directly affect the gas-liquid phase mass transfer efficiency. Traditional equipment generally lacks integrated, real-time temperature and pressure monitoring and control systems. Simple constant-temperature water baths are insufficient for rapid response and precise temperature control, and pressure parameters are often ignored or only roughly estimated. This leads to unstable reaction conditions, resulting not only in large fluctuations in catalytic performance and exacerbated side reactions, but also making it difficult to optimize environmental parameters for specific catalysts and reaction systems to achieve maximum efficiency.

[0005] Furthermore, the existing equipment's structural design has significant drawbacks, limiting its application flexibility and durability. Firstly, control units (such as ultrasonic generators, temperature controllers, and display instruments) are often highly integrated with the reaction module, resulting in a bulky, heavy, and inconvenient system that is difficult to adapt to laboratory benchtop operations or miniaturized scenarios. Secondly, the reactor's main body is often made of glass or ordinary engineering plastics, which have low mechanical strength, poor corrosion resistance, pose safety hazards, and have a short service life. Thirdly, the airtight design is often insufficient, affecting the stability and safety of experiments involving gaseous reactants. The integrated structure also makes it difficult to flexibly replace or upgrade components according to experimental needs.

[0006] Therefore, how to design a temperature-controlled, split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound, which can achieve uniform ultrasonic wave transmission and has precise and dynamic temperature and pressure environment control capabilities to meet the requirements of efficient and stable catalytic reaction, is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a temperature-controlled split piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound. By integrating an ultrasound module at the bottom, a circulating water tank temperature control system, a split electrical control architecture, and a fully stainless steel sealed design, it solves the core defects of traditional piezoelectric photocatalytic devices, such as uneven ultrasonic wave conduction, uncontrollable environmental parameters, bulky structure, and poor corrosion resistance.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A temperature-controlled, split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound includes: a split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction module and an electronic control module;

[0010] The piezoelectric photoreaction module includes a reactor, a temperature sensing unit, and a pressure sensing unit;

[0011] The reactor includes a reaction tank, a circulating water tank covering the outer wall of the reaction tank, and an ultrasonic generator fixed to the bottom of the reaction tank; the reaction tank includes a reaction cavity, a reactor cover that is sealed to the upper end of the reaction cavity, and a light-transmitting window embedded in the top of the reactor cover.

[0012] The temperature sensing unit includes a thermocouple that extends into the reaction chamber and a sealing valve.

[0013] The pressure sensing unit includes a pressure gauge connected to the reaction chamber;

[0014] The electronic control module includes an ultrasonic device power supply, a temperature detection module power supply, a display screen, ultrasonic control buttons, connectors, relays, and a programmable logic controller.

[0015] The power supply of the ultrasonic device is connected to the ultrasonic generator via a connector, the power supply of the temperature detection module is connected to the thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected to the display screen.

[0016] The programmable logic controller is connected to the display screen, the ultrasonic control button, and the relay, and the relay is connected to the power supply of the ultrasonic device.

[0017] Preferably, the side wall of the circulating water tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet with a height difference of 3-5cm, for connecting an external circulating condensate device.

[0018] Preferably, the ultrasonic generator includes an ultrasonic transducer and a base;

[0019] The ultrasonic transducer is located directly below the reaction chamber and is vertically mounted on the base with screws. A wire is led out from the connector on the base to connect to the electronic control module.

[0020] Preferably, one end of the thermocouple extends into the reaction chamber 2-6 cm from the bottom of the chamber, and the other end is led out through a sealed tube valve and connected to the electrical control module;

[0021] The sealing tube valve has a built-in thermocouple pressure gasket for sealing.

[0022] Preferably, the pressure gauge and the thermocouple share the same connecting pipe, and its connection port is located 2-5cm above the sealed valve, and has a built-in elastic element to convert the pressure signal.

[0023] Preferably, the reaction chamber has a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 2-8 cm, a height of 3-9 cm, and a volume of 10-450 mL;

[0024] Its sidewalls are equipped with multiple pipes that connect to the outside world, including an air inlet, an air outlet, and a sampling port. Each pipe is 2-6 cm from the bottom of the reaction chamber, and the pipe diameter is 0.5-1 cm. All pipe ports are equipped with sealing valves.

[0025] Preferably, the reactor cover has an outer diameter of 6-12cm and an inner diameter of 3-9cm, and its inner side is provided with a groove filled with a corrosion-resistant rubber ring. It is sealed to the reaction chamber by multiple stainless steel screws with a diameter of 0.5-1.5cm.

[0026] Preferably, the light-transmitting window has a diameter of 2-8cm, is made of high-transmittance quartz material, and is sealed and fitted with the hollow part of the reactor cover.

[0027] Preferably, the reaction chamber, reactor cover, and base of the ultrasonic generator are all made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant 304 stainless steel.

[0028] Preferably, it also includes an external light source and a lifting platform; the external light source is a 100-300W xenon lamp, and the vertical distance between it and the light-transmitting window is adjusted by the lifting platform.

[0029] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. By directly integrating the ultrasonic generator into the bottom of the reaction tank and using a 304 stainless steel substrate, the ultrasonic energy is ensured to be uniformly conducted to the surface of the piezoelectric catalyst. Combined with the light energy introduced through the light-transmitting window, a photomechanical energy synergistic driving mechanism is formed, significantly improving the carrier separation efficiency. Simultaneously, the height difference design of the inlet and outlet of the circulating water tank and the external condensate device enable precise control of the reaction temperature, while the coordinated monitoring of the pressure gauge and thermocouple stabilizes the reaction mass transfer conditions, jointly ensuring the continuous and efficient catalytic activity.

[0031] 2. The piezoelectric photoreaction module and the electrical control module are separated, significantly reducing the size of the reaction unit. The reaction module can be quickly connected to the electrical control module via a connector, supporting standardized interface component replacement. The independent controller integrates ultrasonic power regulation, digital temperature and pressure display, and PLC programming control, meeting the precision requirements of laboratory pilot tests while facilitating flexible deployment in pilot-scale scenarios, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0032] 3. The reactor body is made of 304 stainless steel, combined with the corrosion-resistant rubber ring groove design of the reactor cover and multiple stainless steel screw seals to ensure long-term stability in high-salt and strong oxidizing environments. The structure of the ultrasonic transducer being vertically fixed to the base reduces energy loss, while the shared pipeline design of the thermocouple and pressure gauge ensures airtightness while achieving simultaneous and accurate temperature and pressure monitoring, significantly extending equipment life and reducing safety risks. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound is provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a front view of the piezoelectric photoreaction module structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 Top view of the piezoelectric photoreaction module structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic control module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a temperature-controlled split piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound, comprising a split piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction module and an electronic control module;

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the piezoelectric photoreaction module includes a reactor, a temperature sensing unit, and a pressure sensing unit;

[0041] The reactor includes a reaction tank 1, a circulating water tank 2 covering the outer wall of the reaction tank 1, and an ultrasonic generator 3 fixed to the bottom of the reaction tank 1; the reaction tank 1 includes a reaction chamber 11, a reactor cover 12 sealing the upper end of the reaction chamber 11, and a light-transmitting window 13 embedded in the top of the reactor cover 12.

[0042] The temperature sensing unit includes a thermocouple 4 that extends into the reaction chamber 11 and a sealing valve 5;

[0043] The pressure sensing unit includes a pressure gauge 6 connected to the reaction chamber 11;

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, the electrical control module includes an ultrasonic device power supply 71, a temperature detection module power supply 72, a display screen 73, ultrasonic control buttons 74, a connector 75, a relay 76, and a programmable logic controller 77.

[0045] The ultrasonic device power supply 71 is connected to the ultrasonic generator 3 via connector 75, the temperature detection module power supply 72 is connected to the thermocouple 4, and the thermocouple 4 is connected to the display screen 73.

[0046] The programmable logic controller 77 is connected to the display screen 73, the ultrasonic control button 74, and the relay 76. The relay 76 is connected to the power supply 71 of the ultrasonic device.

[0047] This device significantly improves carrier separation efficiency by integrating an ultrasonic generator at the bottom with light to stimulate the piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction. The circulating water tank and temperature and pressure monitoring system enable precise control of the reaction environment, ensuring stable catalytic activity. The split design reduces the device size by 60%, combining portability with modular expansion capabilities. The all-304 stainless steel sealed structure combined with a multi-pipeline valve design ensures long-term reliable operation under highly corrosive conditions.

[0048] The following provides a further detailed description of each structure of the aforementioned device;

[0049] In this embodiment, the side wall of the circulating water tank 2 is provided with an inlet 21 and an outlet 22 with a height difference of 3-5cm, which are used to connect an external circulating condensate device.

[0050] The height difference design utilizes gravity to ensure that the cooling water flows in from the inlet 21, naturally fills the water tank space, and then flows out through the outlet 22, forming a stable and dead-angle-free directional circulating water flow path. This design allows the cooling water to evenly coat the outer wall of the reaction tank 1, achieving precise and efficient control of the internal temperature of the reaction chamber 11, effectively solving the problem of unstable catalytic performance caused by temperature fluctuations in traditional devices.

[0051] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 3 includes an ultrasonic transducer 31 and a base 32;

[0052] The ultrasonic transducer 31 is located directly below the reaction chamber 11, and is vertically mounted on the base 32 by screws. A wire is led out from the connector on the base 32 to connect to the electronic control module.

[0053] The ultrasonic transducer 31 operates in a frequency range of 60-150 kHz, and its output power can be continuously adjusted in the range of 0-120W via the electronic control module. The operator can precisely set and control the output power and frequency mode of the ultrasonic transducer 31 via the display screen 73 and the ultrasonic control button 74.

[0054] In the existing technology, most devices simply place the photocatalytic reactor in an external ultrasonic generator, which results in large energy loss and low mass transfer efficiency of ultrasonic waves during transmission.

[0055] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 3 adopts a bottom-integrated design. Combined with the mechanical strength and acoustic transmission efficiency of the 304 stainless steel base 32, the loss of ultrasonic energy during transmission is significantly reduced, ensuring that the ultrasonic energy can be uniformly and efficiently transmitted to the bottom of the reaction chamber 11 and the surface of the piezoelectric photocatalyst inside. The mechanical vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 31 acts directly on the bottom of the reaction chamber 11 through the stainless steel base 32, inducing the piezoelectric material to generate a strong built-in electric field, effectively enhancing the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby greatly improving the synergistic reaction efficiency of piezoelectric-photocatalysis.

[0056] In this embodiment, the thermocouple 4 has a monitoring range of 0 ℃ to 100 ℃. One end of the thermocouple 4 extends into the reaction chamber 11 2-6 cm from the bottom of the chamber, and the other end is led out through the sealing pipe valve 5 and connected to the electrical control module. The sealing pipe valve 5 has a built-in thermocouple pressure pad 51 for sealing. The built-in thermocouple pressure pad of the sealing pipe valve prevents the leakage of substances in the reaction system and ensures a stable connection between the thermocouple and the external electrical control module.

[0057] Here, the thermocouple probe inserted into the reaction chamber 11 is directly connected to the temperature sensing module power supply 72 via a wire, which provides the working voltage; the temperature signal it generates is not processed by any controller, but is directly connected to the dedicated temperature input port of the display screen 73 via a shielded wire, and is converted into a digital temperature value in real time and displayed independently, without electrical interaction with the programmable logic controller 77.

[0058] Furthermore, pressure gauge 6 monitors the pressure inside reaction chamber 11 in real time, with a monitoring range of -0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa; it and thermocouple 4 are connected to the inside of reaction chamber 11 through a shared three-way pipe structure; this pipe extends into the reaction chamber, with its opening end located 2-6 cm above the bottom of the chamber, ensuring that thermocouple 4 is immersed in the reaction liquid; outside this shared pipe, a lateral interface is opened 2-5 cm above the sealing valve 5, specifically for connecting pressure gauge 6; the sealing valve 5 has a built-in thermocouple pressure pad 51 to ensure the airtightness of the thermocouple wires passing through;

[0059] Pressure gauge 6 is a mechanical pointer type. Its internal elastic element 61 (such as a bellows or Bourdon tube) directly senses the pressure of the medium in the common pipeline. This pressure causes the elastic element 61 to deform (mechanical displacement), which in turn drives the pointer to deflect and display the pressure value. The pressure value can only be read visually through the dial scale and is not connected to any electronic control system, thus avoiding the influence of ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetic interference.

[0060] In this embodiment, the reaction chamber 11 is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 2-8cm, a height of 3-9cm, and a volume of 10-450mL.

[0061] Its side wall is equipped with multiple pipes that connect to the outside, including an air inlet 14, an air outlet 15, and a sampling port 16. Each pipe is 2-6 cm away from the bottom of the reaction chamber, and the pipe diameter is 0.5-1 cm. All pipe ports are equipped with sealing valves. In addition, the sampling port 16 is sealed with a corrosion-resistant rubber gasket.

[0062] To address the issue that a single sampling port in a traditional photocatalytic reactor cannot meet the gas-liquid mass transfer requirements, this design incorporates a three-way independent system: an inlet (14), an outlet (15), and a sampling port (16). The pipelines are positioned 2-6 cm from the bottom of the chamber to ensure thorough dispersion of the gas as it is introduced into the liquid. The pipeline diameter is 0.5-1 cm, compatible with standard silicone tubing, and the valves can be sealed with corrosion-resistant polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material. Furthermore, the chamber is cylindrical with a diameter of 2-8 cm, optimizing fluid turbulence. This structure improves gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency by 35%, offering significant advantages over traditional magnetic stirring, and supports continuous flow reaction modes, making it suitable for applications such as pilot-scale industrial waste gas treatment.

[0063] In this embodiment, the reactor cover 12 has an outer diameter of 6-12cm and an inner diameter of 3-9cm. Its inner side is provided with a groove for filling with a corrosion-resistant rubber ring. It is sealed to the reaction chamber 11 by multiple stainless steel screws with a diameter of 0.5-1.5cm.

[0064] This structure creates a highly sealed environment through the elastic seal of the rubber ring and the uniform pressure of the screws. It can prevent the leakage of reactants and the intrusion of external impurities, and can withstand the pressure fluctuations inside the reaction chamber, thus ensuring the safe conduct of reactions such as the degradation of toluene and other volatile organic compounds.

[0065] In this embodiment, the light-transmitting window 13 has a diameter of 2-8cm, is made of high-transmittance quartz material, and is sealed and fitted with the hollow part of the reactor cover 12.

[0066] During installation, firstly, high-temperature resistant vacuum sealing grease is filled into the specially designed annular groove inside the pressure cap 12. Then, a corrosion-resistant rubber ring is pressed in, ensuring a complete fit between the sealing ring and the groove without air bubbles. Finally, the quartz light-transmitting window 13 is placed in position and pressed tightly onto the sealing ring using the pressure cap 12 and the hollow structure. This sealing method combines soft sealing and auxiliary sealing grease, effectively ensuring high airtightness of the light-transmitting window area, preventing reactant leakage, and withstanding certain temperature changes. Simultaneously, the 2-8cm diameter window covers more than 90% of the cavity cross-section, ensuring full irradiation activation of the photocatalyst.

[0067] In this embodiment, the reaction chamber 11, the reactor cover 12, and the base 32 of the ultrasonic generator 3 are all made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant 304 stainless steel.

[0068] The reactors in existing equipment are mostly made of glass or plastic, which are easily corroded in complex reaction environments such as high salt and strong oxidation, resulting in a shortened equipment life and the introduction of impurities that interfere with the reaction. The application of 304 stainless steel not only extends the service life of the device, but also reduces the loss of ultrasonic energy during transmission, while avoiding the contamination of the reaction system by material corrosion, thus significantly improving the reliability and applicability of the device.

[0069] In this embodiment, an external light source and a lifting platform are also included; the external light source is a 100-300W xenon lamp, and the vertical distance between it and the light-transmitting window 13 is adjusted by the lifting platform.

[0070] This external design has two advantages: it avoids the direct conduction of heat from the light source itself to the inside of the reaction module, thus eliminating interference with the reaction temperature control; by adjusting the distance of the lifting platform, the actual light intensity irradiated on the catalyst surface can be precisely controlled, ensuring that the photocatalytic reaction takes place under optimal lighting conditions.

[0071] In this embodiment, the connector 75 in the electronic control module adopts a multi-core aviation plug or a waterproof quick-connect interface to realize the rapid and reliable connection and separation of electrical signals between the electronic control module and the piezoelectric photoresponse module;

[0072] Through the standardized connector 75 interface, the reaction module and the electrical control module can be quickly separated and combined; it supports users to flexibly replace reaction cell components of different volumes or designs according to experimental needs, or to apply the same electrical control module to multiple reaction modules, which greatly improves the flexibility and practicality of the equipment and adapts to different scale application scenarios from laboratory pilot to pilot-scale amplification.

[0073] Furthermore, the programmable logic controller 77 adopts an industrial-grade embedded system with anti-ultrasonic vibration interference capability. As the core unit of ultrasonic control, it is designed to receive the instruction signals from the ultrasonic control button 74, process them internally, and generate control instructions. These instructions drive the ultrasonic device power supply 71 to start / stop and switch power via the relay 76, thereby achieving precise control of the output power and frequency mode of the ultrasonic transducer 31. At the same time, the controller 77 transmits the real-time ultrasonic operating parameters to the display screen 73 for dynamic display and supports recording ultrasonic operation logs through the built-in storage module.

[0074] The following provides a more detailed description of the specific working process of the temperature-controlled split piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device in this embodiment:

[0075] 1) System assembly and reaction system construction;

[0076] Connect the piezoelectric photoresponse module and the electronic control module through connector 75 to ensure that the wires of thermocouple 4 and ultrasonic generator 3 are connected to the electronic control module;

[0077] Open the reactor pressure cap 12, add the piezoelectric photocatalyst and reaction solution into the reaction chamber 11, and insert the thermocouple 4 probe below the liquid surface; seal the pressure cap 12, tighten the stainless steel screws to make the rubber ring evenly pressurized, forming a sealed environment; at the same time, connect the inlet 21 and outlet 22 of the circulating water tank to an external condensate device; connect the air inlet 14 to the air source, connect the air outlet 15 to the tail gas treatment equipment, and seal the sampling port 16 with a corrosion-resistant rubber gasket.

[0078] 2) Initialize environmental parameters;

[0079] Turn on the power supply of the temperature detection module 72. The thermocouple 4 detects the temperature of the reaction liquid in real time and displays it on the display screen 73. The pressure gauge 6 automatically monitors the gas phase pressure in the reaction chamber 11 through the common pipeline.

[0080] When the external circulating water device is activated, cooling water flows in from the low-level inlet 21 and flows out from the high-level outlet 22, forming a gravity-driven circulation without dead zones, and precisely controlling the reaction temperature.

[0081] 3) Synergistic reaction triggering;

[0082] The power and frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 31 are set by the ultrasonic control button 74. The programmable logic controller 77 starts the ultrasonic device power supply 71 via the relay 76. The bottom ultrasonic transducer 31 transmits mechanical vibration directly to the reaction chamber 11 through the 304 stainless steel base 32, which excites the piezoelectric effect of the catalyst.

[0083] Turn on the external xenon lamp light source, and adjust the vertical distance between the light source and the light-transmitting window 13 through the lifting platform to control the light intensity; the light passes through the quartz window 13 to irradiate the catalyst, and works with ultrasound to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers.

[0084] 4) Monitoring and control of the reaction process;

[0085] The display screen 73 continuously displays temperature and ultrasonic power / frequency parameters, and the mechanical pointer pressure gauge 6 directly indicates pressure through the deformation of the elastic element 61, which is resistant to ultrasonic vibration interference.

[0086] If the temperature exceeds the set threshold, the cooling water flow rate can be increased; if the catalytic efficiency is insufficient, the ultrasonic power can be increased or the distance of the light source can be adjusted by pressing button 74; in addition, when gas participation is required, gas can be blown in from the air inlet 14 to enhance mass transfer.

[0087] 5) Sampling and analysis;

[0088] If gas or liquid sampling is required during the reaction, open the sampling port 16 valve, use a high-seal sampling needle to penetrate the rubber pad, and extract a portion of the gas or liquid sample without damaging the airtightness of the reaction chamber 11. After sampling, the rubber pad automatically closes due to its elastic self-sealing properties, ensuring that the reaction continues without gas or liquid leakage or external gas or liquid intrusion.

[0089] In addition, if it is necessary to test the components of the exhaust gas, a sample is obtained from the gas collection device connected to the exhaust port 15.

[0090] 6) Reaction termination and module separation;

[0091] Turn off the xenon lamp light source, the ultrasonic device power supply 71, and the circulating water device in sequence. After the temperature drops to a safe range, slowly open the sampling port 16 to release the internal pressure.

[0092] Loosen the reactor cover screw 12, remove the remaining reactants, and clean the 304 stainless steel reaction chamber 11 and light-transmitting window 13 with deionized water to avoid corrosive residue; disconnect the connector plug 75 to separate the electrical control module from the reaction module for easy replacement or maintenance.

[0093] The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device provided in this embodiment effectively solves the problems of high energy loss, unstable reaction environment, large equipment size and insufficient corrosion resistance of traditional photocatalytic devices by integrating ultrasonic and light synergistic excitation at the bottom, precise temperature control of the circulating water tank, real-time temperature and pressure monitoring, and split modular design. It significantly improves the efficiency and operational reliability of piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction and can be widely used in laboratory research and pilot-scale application scenarios such as environmental pollutant degradation and new energy material synthesis.

[0094] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0095] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Gas-phase, liquid-phase, and gas-liquid mixed piezoelectric photocatalytic reactions using this device, a scaled-down or miniaturized version of this device, or very similar devices, as well as other modifications to these embodiments, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A temperature-controlled, split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device based on ultrasound, characterized in that, include: The piezoelectric photoresponse module and the electronic control module are separate components. The piezoelectric photoreaction module includes a reactor, a temperature sensing unit, and a pressure sensing unit; The reactor includes a reaction tank (1), a circulating water tank (2) covering the outer wall of the reaction tank (1), and an ultrasonic generator (3) fixed to the bottom of the reaction tank (1); the reaction tank (1) includes a reaction chamber (11), a reactor cover (12) sealing the upper end of the reaction chamber (11), and a light-transmitting window (13) embedded in the top of the reactor cover (12); The circulating water tank (2) has an inlet (21) and an outlet (22) with a height difference of 3-5cm on its side wall, which are used to connect an external circulating condensate device; The temperature sensing unit includes a thermocouple (4) and a sealing valve (5) that extend into the reaction chamber (11); The pressure sensing unit includes a pressure gauge (6) connected to the reaction chamber (11); the pressure gauge (6) shares the same connecting pipe with the thermocouple (4), and its connection port is located 2-5cm above the sealing valve (5), and has a built-in elastic element (61) to convert the pressure signal and read the pressure value through the dial scale; The electrical control module includes an ultrasonic device power supply (71), a temperature detection module power supply (72), a display screen (73), an ultrasonic control button (74), a connector (75), a relay (76), and a programmable logic controller (77); The power supply (71) of the ultrasonic device is connected to the ultrasonic generator (3) through a connector (75), and the connector (75) adopts a multi-core aviation plug or a waterproof quick-connect interface; the power supply (72) of the temperature detection module is connected to the thermocouple (4), and the thermocouple (4) is connected to the display screen (73). The programmable logic controller (77) is connected to the display screen (73), the ultrasonic control button (74), and the relay (76), respectively. The relay (76) is connected to the power supply (71) of the ultrasonic device.

2. The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic generator (3) includes an ultrasonic transducer (31) and a base (32); The ultrasonic transducer (31) is located directly below the reaction chamber (11), and is vertically mounted on the base (32) by screws. A wire is led out from the connector on the base (32) to connect to the electrical control module.

3. The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermocouple (4) extends into the reaction chamber (11) at a distance of 2-6 cm from the bottom of the chamber, and the other end is led out through the sealing pipe valve (5) to connect to the electrical control module; The sealing pipe valve (5) is sealed by a built-in thermocouple pressure pad (51).

4. The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction chamber (11) is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 2-8 cm, a height of 3-9 cm, and a volume of 10-450 mL. Its sidewalls are equipped with multiple pipes that connect to the outside world, including an air inlet (14), an air outlet (15), and a sampling port (16). Each pipe is 2-6 cm from the bottom of the reaction chamber, and the pipe diameter is 0.5-1 cm. All pipe ports are equipped with sealing valves.

5. The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor cover (12) has an outer diameter of 6-12cm and an inner diameter of 3-9cm. Its inner side is provided with a groove filled with a corrosion-resistant rubber ring. It is sealed to the reaction chamber (11) by multiple stainless steel screws with a diameter of 0.5-1.5cm.

6. The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-transmitting window (13) has a diameter of 2-8cm, is made of high-transmittance quartz material, and is sealed and fitted with the hollow part of the reactor cover (12).

7. The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction chamber (11), reactor cover (12), and the base (32) of the ultrasonic generator (3) are all made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant 304 stainless steel.

8. The ultrasonic-based temperature-controlled split-type piezoelectric photocatalytic reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an external light source and a lifting platform; the external light source is a 100-300W xenon lamp, and the vertical distance between it and the light-transmitting window (13) is adjusted by the lifting platform.

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