Seismic observation-based crack fracture quantitative description method, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention provides a seismic observation-based crack fracture quantitative description method, equipment and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: preprocessing a multi-scale crack fracture excitation seismic signal; identifying small and medium-scale fracture events with obvious waveforms, inverting focus parameters, establishing a continuous fracture connectivity model set, and establishing a volume transformation model based on macroscopic fracture connectivity according to the model set; performing fracture energy calculation on the suspicious seismic signals without obvious waveforms, superposing fracture energy of a plurality of fracture sub-periods, and establishing a volume transformation model based on a small-scale fracture mesh fracture network according to the accumulated fracture energy; and establishing a multi-scale mixed volume transformation model according to the two models. The apparatus includes a processor; and the memory is used for storing instructions for executing the method. Program instructions are stored in the storage medium. Quantitative description of various scene fracture areas can be realized in a multi-scale and multi-mode manner, and the problem that the position of a vibration source area is difficult to confirm in earthquake monitoring can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of active earthquakes and passive earthquakes, and in particular to a method, computer equipment and medium for quantitatively describing crack rupture based on earthquake observation. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the national economy, the consumption of oil and gas resources continues to grow. Seismic exploration and engineering construction, which are mainly based on oil and gas resources, will cause a large amount of vibration and stimulate seismic wave signals. Since the source of vibration is unknown, it has a great impact on engineering construction and the environment. Therefore, how to quickly identify the vibration source is of great significance to industrial production, engineering operations, security, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to address at least one of the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art. For example, one of the objectives of the present invention is to automatically detect and locate the source of vibrations by observing and recording seismic wave signals using information such as seismic wave amplitude, polarity, and first arrival, thereby providing important technical support for geological resource exploration, engineering construction risk assessment, and geological disaster early warning.

[0004] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation.

[0005] The method comprises:

[0006] Preprocessing of seismic signals excited by multi-scale fracture rupture;

[0007] Based on the preprocessed seismic signals, small and medium-scale rupture events with obvious waveforms are identified; source parameters of the identified events are inverted; a continuous fracture connectivity model set is established based on the inverted source parameters; a first volume reconstruction model is established based on the continuous fracture connectivity model set, the first volume reconstruction model being a volume reconstruction model based on macroscopic fracture connectivity; and / or, rupture energy is calculated for suspicious seismic signals without obvious waveforms in the preprocessed seismic signals; the rupture energies of multiple fracturing sub-intervals are superimposed to obtain a cumulative rupture energy; and a second volume reconstruction model is established based on the cumulative rupture energy, the second volume reconstruction model being a volume reconstruction model based on a small-scale fracture network.

[0008] When the step of establishing the first volume transformation model and the step of establishing the second volume transformation model are performed simultaneously, a multi-scale hybrid volume transformation model is established based on the first volume transformation model and the second volume transformation model.

[0009] Optionally, the preprocessing includes at least one of observation system loading, instrument response removal, spatiotemporal filtering, and abnormal noise attenuation.

[0010] Alternatively, the step of establishing a continuous fracture connectivity model set includes: quantitatively characterizing the spatial geometric features of a single fracture fracture, wherein the characterized spatial geometric features of a single fracture fracture are represented as G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ); According to the spatial geometric characteristics of each rupture crack in the multiple small and medium-scale rupture events, the spatial connectivity relationship of a single rupture crack is established, thereby obtaining the fracture connectivity model set Fra iPerf,iFra,k , Fra iPerf,iFra,k Established G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) and G j (x,t0,M j ,F j ) is a connectivity table of different secondary cracks.

[0011] Alternatively, the expression of the first volume transformation model is:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, MSRV represents the reservoir transformation area involved in the small and medium-scale fractures, k represents the k-th branch fracture generated by the iFra main fracture stimulated by the iPerf wellbore breakthrough, K N represents the Kth branch fracture generated by the iFra main fracture induced by the iPerf wellbore breakthrough, iFra=1 represents the first main fracture induced by the iPerf wellbore breakthrough, IFra represents the number of branch fractures, iPerf=1 represents the first breakthrough between the formation and the wellbore, i.e., the first connection point between the fracture network in the formation and the wellbore, IPerf represents the total IPerf breakthroughs between the formation and the wellbore, ζ represents Fra iPerf,iFra,k The volume of geological units of the formation penetrated by the fracture network.

[0014] Alternatively, the expression of the suspicious earthquake signal without obvious waveform is w(x R ,t);

[0015] The fracture energy calculation is performed using the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, U(x s ,v,t i ) represents the tth i The rupture energy of the period [t1, t2] obtained in the period, x s Indicates the coordinates of a certain position or grid in the underground space, which is the potential rupture location, x Rrepresents the coordinates of the observation point, v represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The propagation speed of the seismic wave, t1 represents the starting time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], t2 represents the ending time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], a(x s ,x R ) represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The seismic wave attenuation parameter, Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The energy superposition time is obtained by adding the excitation time and propagation time of the seismic wave. Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R is the propagation time of the seismic wave, m is the order of superposition of the seismic wave amplitudes, and N is the number of observation points.

[0018] Alternatively, the cumulative fracture energy expression is E(x s ,v,t i ), determined as follows:

[0019] If conventional weighted overlay is used, a(t i ) is the time-varying superposition factor of enhanced superposition;

[0020] If exponential superposition is used, then Where m is the exponential factor;

[0021] If normalized superposition is used, then Among them, N|u(x s ,v,t i )| represents the relationship between U(x s ,v,t i ) to normalize the data. After normalization, N|U(x s ,v,t i )| is in the range [0,1].

[0022] Alternatively, the expression of the second volume transformation model is:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, when E(x s ,v,t i )∈[E min ,E max ],E(x s ,v,t i )=1, indicating geological body x sis the crack rupture area, otherwise, E(x s ,v,t i )=0, indicating that the geological body x s Non-fractured area; E max It means E(x s ,v,t i )'s maximum energy cluster, E min Indicates the energy cutoff starting value.

[0025] Alternatively, the expression of the multi-scale hybrid volume reconstruction model is:

[0026] TSRV=MSRV∪ESRV, where ∪ represents the union of MSRV and ESRV.

[0027] Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer device.

[0028] The computer device includes: at least one processor and a memory storing program instructions; wherein the program instructions are configured to be executed by the at least one processor, and the program instructions include instructions for executing the method described above.

[0029] Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0030] The computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions, which implement the above-described method when executed by a processor.

[0031] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: the present invention can realize the quantitative characterization of crack rupture characteristics at laboratory and engineering scales, and the results of the present invention can be applied to deep resource mining and development, mining, mechanism research under laboratory conditions, wastewater reinjection, gas storage construction, dam tunnel safety assessment and detection and other fields, breaking the deficiency of conventional earthquake monitoring that relies on obvious seismic signals, and has broad engineering technology applications and scientific research prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The above and other objects and / or features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 The figure shows a flow chart of the method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Hereinafter, the crack fracture quantitative description method, computer device and medium of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.

[0035] The present invention relates to the fields of active and passive seismicity, primarily encompassing the positioning of active sources in three-dimensional seismic exploration under laboratory conditions, the positioning of surface vibration sources, and small-scale seismic activity caused by natural earthquakes or small-scale natural faults / cracks. These types of multi-scale earthquakes or vibrations are generally referred to as vibration sources, and the seismic data from these types of multi-scale vibration sources is collectively referred to as seismic data. The present invention employs a multi-scale fracture rupture quantitative description technology based on microseismic observations to quantitatively describe rupture regions in various scenarios across multiple scales and modes, resolving technical challenges such as the difficulty in locating vibration source regions in active and passive seismic monitoring.

[0036] Exemplary embodiment 1

[0037] This example provides a method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation, which is a quantitative description method for small and medium-scale macroscopic ruptures.

[0038] The method comprises:

[0039] Preprocessing of seismic signals excited by multi-scale fracture rupture;

[0040] Based on the preprocessed seismic signals, small and medium-scale rupture events with obvious waveforms are identified; the source parameters of the identified events are inverted; based on the inverted source parameters, a continuous fracture connectivity model set is established; based on the continuous fracture connectivity model set, a first volume reconstruction model is established, and the first volume reconstruction model is a volume reconstruction model based on macroscopic fracture connectivity.

[0041] In this embodiment, the preprocessing includes at least one of: observation system loading, instrument response removal, spatiotemporal filtering, and abnormal noise attenuation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the step of establishing a continuous fracture connectivity model set may include:

[0043] The geometric characteristics of a single fracture crack space are quantitatively characterized, and the geometric characteristics of a single fracture crack space are expressed as G i (x,t0,M i ,F i );

[0044] According to the spatial geometric characteristics of each rupture crack of the multiple small and medium-scale rupture events, the spatial connectivity relationship of a single rupture crack is established, thereby obtaining the fracture connectivity model set Fra iPerf,iFra,k , Fra iPerf,iFra,k Established G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) and G j (x,t0,M j ,F j) is a connectivity table of different secondary cracks.

[0045] In this embodiment, the expression of the first volume transformation model is:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, MSRV represents the reservoir transformation area involved in the small and medium-scale fractures, k represents the k-th branch fracture generated by the iFra main fracture stimulated by the iPerf wellbore breakthrough, K N The Kth N iFra=1 indicates the first-order main fracture triggered by the iPerf-th wellbore breakthrough, IFra indicates the number of branch sub-fractures, iPerf=1 indicates the first breakthrough between the formation and the wellbore, i.e., the first connection point between the fracture network in the formation and the wellbore, IPerf indicates the total number of IPerf breakthroughs between the formation and the wellbore, ζ indicates Fra iPerf,iFra,k The volume of geological units of the formation penetrated by the fracture network.

[0048] In this embodiment, the method may further include the step of collecting seismic signals excited by crack rupture based on conventional multi-directional seismic observations.

[0049] Exemplary embodiment 2

[0050] This exemplary embodiment provides a quantitative description method for crack rupture based on seismic observation, which is a quantitative description method for microscopic rupture.

[0051] The method comprises:

[0052] Preprocessing of seismic signals excited by multi-scale fracture rupture;

[0053] Fracture energy calculation is performed on suspicious seismic signals without obvious waveforms in the preprocessed seismic signals. The fracture energies of multiple fracturing sub-intervals are superimposed to obtain the accumulated fracture energy. Based on the accumulated fracture energy, a second volume reconstruction model is established. The second volume reconstruction model is a volume reconstruction model based on a microscale fracture network.

[0054] In this embodiment, the preprocessing includes at least one of: observation system loading, instrument response removal, spatiotemporal filtering, and abnormal noise attenuation.

[0055] In this embodiment, the expression of the suspicious earthquake signal without obvious waveform is w(x R ,t);

[0056] The fracture energy calculation is performed using the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, U(x s ,v,t i ) represents the tth i The rupture energy of the period [t1, t2] obtained in the period, x s Indicates the coordinates of a certain position or grid in the underground space, which is the potential rupture location, x R represents the coordinates of the observation point, v represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The propagation speed of the seismic wave, t1 represents the starting time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], t2 represents the ending time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], a(x s ,x R ) represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The seismic wave attenuation parameter, Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The energy superposition time is obtained by adding the excitation time and propagation time of the seismic wave. Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R is the propagation time of the seismic wave, m is the order of superposition of the seismic wave amplitudes, and N is the number of observation points.

[0059] Furthermore, the cumulative fracture energy expression is E(x s ,v,t i ), determined as follows:

[0060] If conventional weighted overlay is used, a(t i ) is the time-varying superposition factor of enhanced superposition;

[0061] If exponential superposition is used, then Where m is the exponential factor;

[0062] If normalized superposition is used, then Among them, N|u(x s ,v,t i )| represents the relationship between U(x s ,v,t i ) to normalize the data. After normalization, N|U(x s ,v,t i )| is in the range [0,1].

[0063] In this embodiment, the expression of the second volume transformation model is:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, when E(x s ,v,t i )∈[E min ,E max ],E(x s ,v,t i )=1, indicating geological body x s is the crack rupture area; otherwise, E(x s ,v,t i )=0, indicating that the geological body x s Non-fractured area; E max It means E(x s ,v,t i )'s maximum energy cluster, E mii Indicates the energy cutoff starting value.

[0066] In this embodiment, the method may further include the step of collecting seismic signals excited by crack rupture based on conventional multi-directional seismic observations.

[0067] Exemplary Embodiment 3

[0068] This example provides a quantitative description method for crack rupture based on seismic observation. This method is a quantitative description method for multi-scale rupture, that is, it includes two levels: small and medium-scale rupture and microscopic rupture.

[0069] The method may include:

[0070] Obtain a first volumetric transformation model and a second volumetric transformation model using exemplary embodiments 1 and 2, respectively;

[0071] A multi-scale hybrid volume transformation model is established based on the first volume transformation model and the second volume transformation model.

[0072] The expression of the multi-scale hybrid volume transformation model is:

[0073] TSRV=MSRV∪ESRV;

[0074] Where ∪ represents the union of MSRV and ESRV.

[0075] Exemplary Embodiment 4

[0076] Figure 1 The figure shows a flow chart of the method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation of the present invention.

[0077] The method of the present invention mainly comprises the following steps:

[0078] S10: Acquisition of multi-scale fracture rupture-induced seismic signals based on conventional multi-directional seismic observations.

[0079] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, seismic signals P can be obtained through microseismic ground observation, multi-directional well observation, light observation and other methods. n (t). For example, based on the target observation area, sensors are deployed on the surface or in tunnels (including wells). These sensors can be single-component seismometers, three-component seismometers, or fiber optic data acquisition equipment. The seismic data recorded by the sensors is transmitted to the terminal server via 4G / 5G real-time transmission or post-project seismic data copying.

[0080] S20: Preprocessing of seismic data.

[0081] The seismic signal collected by the nth sensor is P n (t). For earthquake signal P n (t) Preprocessing is performed, which mainly includes observation system loading, instrument response removal, spatiotemporal filtering, abnormal noise attenuation, etc., so as to achieve high-resolution preprocessing of the received seismic data, eliminate external interference, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. In this process of noise attenuation, the seismic wave amplitude and other waveform processing related to gain cannot be performed to maintain the stability of the signal characteristics such as ground displacement, velocity or acceleration expressed by the seismic wave. The seismic wave received at the nth observation point after processing is expressed as S n (x,t).

[0082] S30: Identification of small and medium-scale rupture events with distinct waveforms (also called distinct events) and source parameter inversion i (x,t0,M i ,F i ), if there are K small and medium-scale rupture events, then i belongs to [1,K].

[0083] Based on the dynamic and kinematic characteristics of seismic waves, key factors such as long-segment time window ratio and similarity of seismic waves can be used to identify seismic signals with obvious waveforms. The identified rupture events are expressed as E i (x, t, t0). Among them, t0 represents the start time of the event. The earthquake event E can be realized by the time difference method or energy superposition method of seismic waves. i (t0), and the inversion of other source parameters, such as the focal mechanism (rupture mode) M i , crack rupture scale F i Because these microseismic events have waveform characteristics visible to the naked eye, they are defined as small and medium-scale rupture events.

[0084] S40: Calculate the rupture energy E(xs ,v,t i ).

[0085] After preprocessing, the seismic signal S n (x, t), since it performs noise attenuation, other interferences are effectively eliminated, S n (x, t) contains only environmental background noise and suspicious crack rupture seismic signals, including strong rupture signals E i (x, t, t0), also includes the invisible weak earthquake signal w(x R ,t).

[0086] The observation period [t ST ,t ED ] is divided into N sub-periods, where t i represents the i-th sub-period, t ST Indicates the start time of the time period division, t ED Indicates the end time of the period.

[0087] Since the micro cracks are extremely small, the seismic waves w(x R ,t) is extremely weak and is basically drowned in the ambient noise.

[0088] Therefore, for this type of fracture energy, formula (1) is used to calculate the fracture energy.

[0089]

[0090] Among them, U(x s ,v,t i ) represents the tth i The rupture energy of the period [t1, t2] obtained in the period; x s Indicates the coordinates of a certain location or grid in the underground space, which can be a potential rupture location, x R represents the coordinates of the observation point, v represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The propagation speed of the seismic wave, t1 represents the starting time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], t2 represents the ending time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], a(x s ,x R ) represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The seismic wave attenuation parameters are: Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The energy superposition time is obtained by adding the excitation time and propagation time of the seismic wave. Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R is the propagation time of the seismic wave, m is the order of superposition of the seismic wave amplitudes, and N is the number of observation points.

[0091] The fracture energy of each fracturing sub-period is superimposed, as shown in formula (2), which represents the fracture energy U(x s ,v,t i ) from the starting time t ST to t i At this moment, the accumulated rupture energy is E(x s ,v,t i ).

[0092]

[0093] Among them, U(x s ,v,t i ) You can choose conventional weighted overlay, exponential overlay, or normalized overlay.

[0094] If conventional overlay is used, Here, a(t i ) is the time-varying superposition factor of enhanced superposition.

[0095] If exponential superposition is used, then Where m is the exponential factor.

[0096] If normalized superposition is used, then Among them, N|u(x s ,v,t i )| represents the relationship between U(x s ,v,t i ) to normalize the data. After normalization, N|U(x s ,v,t i )| is in the range [0,1].

[0097] S50: Delineate the connectivity of the rupture area for macro-ruptures.

[0098] According to step S30, the rupture source parameter S of the obvious earthquake event excited by the small and medium rupture scale can be obtained. i (x,t0,M i ,F i ), this type of fracture is characterized by a relatively large fracture scale, clear fracture time, fracture location and focal mechanism (fracture mode), and therefore represents an obvious macro fracture. This type of macro fracture can be caused by natural fractures or artificial fractures caused by hydraulic fracturing. Its excitation mechanism can be caused by fluid stress or far-end pore-elastic stress. i(x,t0,M i ,F i ) with rupture time t0, rupture position x, rupture mechanism M i and rupture scale F i , so, we can use S i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) of x,t0,M i ,F i The quantitative characterization of the spatial geometric features of a single fracture crack is achieved, and the geometric features of the spatial geometric features of a single fracture crack are represented as G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ).

[0099] If the location has K events, then according to the geometric characteristics G of each crack space in the K events i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) of x,t0,M i ,F i , so as to carry out each independent crack G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) The establishment of spatial connectivity relationship, thus establishing the fracture connectivity model set Fra iPerf,iFra,k , among which, Fra iPerf,iFra, k represents the j-th crack in the iFra-th branch of the iPerf-th wellbore fracture network. iPerf,iFra,k The i-th crack G is established i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) and the jth G j (x,t0,M j ,F j ) of different secondary cracks. The K fracture event spaces are multiply connected to form an L-level connectivity table. It is worth noting that the L-level connectivity table has no fixed or preset value. It is mainly based on the individual fracture G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) spatial morphology, the distance between two ruptures and the rupture time t0 are calculated.

[0100] S60: Quantitative description of the extent of microscale rupture.

[0101] According to step S40, since the seismic events triggered by weak fractures are extremely weak or invisible, and the fracture scale is small, they are often characterized as artificial fractures caused by hydraulic fracturing, or small-scale fracture activities near natural fractures.

[0102] Therefore, by E(x s ,v,t i ) is selected from the energy range, such as the value range [E min ,E max ], E max It means E(x s ,v,t i )'s maximum energy cluster, E min Indicates the energy interception starting value, which can be adjusted according to the actual geological engineering conditions.

[0103] By [E min ,E max ] range, and obtain new energy group data E(x sCon ,v,t i ),x sCon Indicates [E min ,E max ] range represents the spatial range of the geological body.

[0104] S70: Assessment of reservoir stimulation volume based on multi-scale fractures.

[0105] The reservoir stimulation volume is calculated mainly based on three models.

[0106] Model 1: Macro fracture connectivity reconstruction volume model;

[0107] This model characterizes the macroscopic fracture rupture model, often representing natural fractures or obvious artificial main fracture characteristics, and its permeation channel often represents high-speed non-Darcy flow.

[0108] The M-SRV volume based on macroscopic fracture connectivity is based on the fracture connectivity table Fra i,j To realize the calculation, the geological bodies near the connectivity table are included in the calculation of reservoir transformation, which is expressed as:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, MSRV represents the reservoir transformation area involved in the small and medium-scale fractures, k represents the k-th branch fracture generated by the iFra main fracture stimulated by the iPerf wellbore breakthrough, K N The Kth N iFra=1 represents the first-order main fracture triggered by the iPerf wellbore breakthrough, IFra represents the number of branch sub-fractures, iPerf=1 represents the first breakthrough between the formation and the wellbore, i.e., the first connection point between the fracture network in the formation and the wellbore, IPerf represents the total number of IPerf breakthroughs between the formation and the wellbore, ζ represents Fra iPerf,iFra,kThe volume of the geological unit of the stratum penetrated by the fracture network may be a grid unit, such as a tetrahedron, a hexahedron or other grid volume.

[0111] Model 2: Volume reconstruction model based on micro-scale fracture network.

[0112] This model characterizes the network fracture activity near the wellbore, often representing an artificial microscopic fracture network connected to the matrix, and its permeation channel often represents low-speed non-Darcy flow such as adsorption and desorption.

[0113]

[0114] Among them, when E(x s ,v,t i )∈[E min ,E max ],E(x s ,v,t i )=1; otherwise, E(x s ,v,t i )=0.

[0115] This model 2 often represents the ESRV model because of the microscopic rupture;

[0116] Model 3: Multi-scale hybrid volume transformation model.

[0117] Finally, the overall reservoir transformation model TSRV is:

[0118] TSRV=MSRV∪ESRV (5)

[0119] Here, ∪ represents the union of MSRV and ESRV. This model includes both high-speed non-Darcy flow and low-speed non-Darcy flow, and is also a model for the conversion and circulation of free gas and free air.

[0120] According to the multi-scale crack rupture quantitative description method based on seismic observation of the present invention, it can be programmed as a computer program and the corresponding program code or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program code or instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the above method. The following processor and memory can be included in the computer device.

[0121] Exemplary Embodiment 5

[0122] This exemplary embodiment provides a computer device, including:

[0123] at least one processor;

[0124] A memory storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are configured to be executed by the at least one processor, and the program instructions include instructions for executing the method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to exemplary embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0125] Exemplary Embodiment 6

[0126] The present exemplary embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0127] The storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation as described in exemplary embodiment 1, 2, 3 or 4 is implemented.

[0128] The computer-readable storage medium may be any data storage device that stores data that can be read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable storage media include read-only memory, random access memory, read-only optical discs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission via the Internet via a wired or wireless transmission path).

[0129] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on earthquake observation, characterized in that: The method comprises: Preprocessing of seismic signals excited by multi-scale fracture rupture; Based on the preprocessed seismic signals, small and medium-scale rupture events with distinct waveforms are identified; source parameters of the identified events are inverted; a continuous fracture connectivity model set is established based on the inverted source parameters; and a first volume reconstruction model is established based on the continuous fracture connectivity model set. The first volume reconstruction model is a volume reconstruction model based on macroscopic fracture connectivity. and / or, Fracture energy calculation is performed on suspicious seismic signals without obvious waveforms in the preprocessed seismic signals. The fracture energies of multiple fracturing sub-periods are superimposed to obtain the accumulated fracture energy. Based on the accumulated fracture energy, a second volumetric reconstruction model is established. The second volumetric reconstruction model is based on a small-scale fracture network. When the step of establishing the first volume transformation model and the step of establishing the second volume transformation model are performed simultaneously, a multi-scale hybrid volume transformation model is established based on the first volume transformation model and the second volume transformation model.

2. The method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preprocessing includes at least one of: observation system loading, instrument response removal, time-space domain filtering, and abnormal noise attenuation.

3. The method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of establishing a continuous fracture connectivity model set comprises: The geometric characteristics of a single fracture crack space are quantitatively characterized, and the geometric characteristics of a single fracture crack space are expressed as G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ); According to the spatial geometric characteristics of each rupture crack in multiple small and medium-scale rupture events, the spatial connectivity relationship of a single rupture crack is established, thereby obtaining the fracture connectivity model set Fra iPerf,iFra,k , Fra iPerf,iFra,k Established G i (x,t0,M i ,F i ) and G j (x,t0,M j ,F j ) is a connectivity table of different secondary cracks.

4. The method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The expression of the first volume transformation model is: Among them, MSRV represents the reservoir transformation area involved in the small and medium-scale fractures, k represents the k-th branch fracture generated by the iFra main fracture stimulated by the iPerf wellbore breakthrough, K N The Kth N iFra=1 indicates the first-order main fracture triggered by the iPerf-th wellbore breakthrough, IFra indicates the number of branch sub-fractures, iPerf=1 indicates the first breakthrough between the formation and the wellbore, i.e., the first connection point between the fracture network in the formation and the wellbore, IPerf indicates the total number of IPerf breakthroughs between the formation and the wellbore, ζ indicates Fra iPerf,iFra,k The volume of geological units of the formation penetrated by the fracture network.

5. The method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the suspicious earthquake signal without obvious waveform is w(x R ,t); The fracture energy calculation is performed using the following formula: Among them, U(x s ,v,t i ) represents the tth i The rupture energy of the period [t1, t2] obtained in the period, x s Indicates the coordinates of a certain position or grid in the underground space, which is the potential rupture location, x R represents the coordinates of the observation point, v represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The propagation speed of the seismic wave, t1 represents the starting time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], t2 represents the ending time of the i-th time zone [t1, t2], a(x s ,x R ) represents the distance from the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The seismic wave attenuation parameter, Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R The energy superposition time is obtained by adding the excitation time and propagation time of the seismic wave. Indicates the possible earthquake source point x s To observation point x R is the propagation time of the seismic wave, m is the order of superposition of the seismic wave amplitudes, and N is the number of observation points.

6. The method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cumulative rupture energy expression is E(x s ,v,t i ), determined as follows: If conventional weighted overlay is used, a(t i ) is the time-varying superposition factor of enhanced superposition; If exponential superposition is used, then Where m is the exponential factor; If normalized superposition is used, then Among them, N|u(x s ,v,t i )| represents the relationship between U(x s ,v,t i ) to normalize the data. After normalization, N|U(x s ,v,t i )| is in the range [0,1].

7. The method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The expression of the second volume transformation model is: Among them, when E(x s ,v,t i )∈[E min ,E max ],E(x s ,v,t i )=1, indicating geological body x s is the crack rupture area, otherwise, E(x s ,v,t i )=0, indicating that the geological body x s Non-fractured area; E max It means E(x s ,v,t i )'s maximum energy cluster, E mii Indicates the energy cutoff starting value.

8. The method for quantitative description of crack rupture based on seismic observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the multi-scale hybrid volume transformation model is: TSRV=MSRV∪ESRV; Where ∪ represents the union of MSRV and ESRV.

9. A computer device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; A memory storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are configured to be executed by the at least one processor, and the program instructions include instructions for executing the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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