Method for artificially breeding oysters

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of artificial cultivation of oysters, in particular to a method for artificially cultivating oysters. Comprising the following steps: (1) selecting oyster parents, and after ripening, carrying out artificial insemination and hatching to obtain oyster larvae; a ripening agent is used during ripening; (2) cultivating the oyster larvae obtained in the step (1), feeding the oyster larvae with initial feed to obtain young oysters, and feeding the young oysters with artificial feed after the young oysters are attached and metamorphosed; (3) performing intermediate culture on the oyster seedlings obtained in the step (2) to obtain juvenile mollusks; and (4) transferring the juvenile mollusks to a breeding farm to breed for 12-18 months. According to the method, high yield, high efficiency and high quality of oyster culture are achieved through an innovative ripening technology, precise nutrition allocation and scientific environment management, a reliable solution is provided for sustainable development of the oyster industry, and the method has wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of artificial oyster cultivation, in particular to a method for artificially cultivating oysters. Background Art

[0002] Oysters are the most common coastal shellfish, commonly known as oysters, oyster roe, and sea oysters. Their soft parts contain 45% to 57% protein, 7% to 11% fat, and 19% to 38% glycogen. They also contain a variety of vitamins and ash, making them highly nutritious and known as "sea milk." Besides being delicious, oyster meat also has medicinal properties. Oysters are low in cholesterol and high in zinc, which can help improve male sexual function. Oyster shells are also a good raw material for burning lime, can be processed into buttons and handicrafts, and can be ground into powder for use as a feed additive for poultry and livestock. Consequently, oysters are in short supply and expensive in some large and medium-sized cities. Existing oyster farming techniques are not yet fully developed, and oyster production cannot fully meet market demand.

[0003] For example, natural seed collection is significantly affected by the environment, resulting in variable seed quality. Artificial seed cultivation is costly and requires stringent technical skills. Artificial high-density aquaculture can lead to slow growth and increased disease, while low density cultivation can negatively impact economic returns. Furthermore, different oyster species have varying requirements for environmental conditions (such as water temperature and salinity), making existing aquaculture methods difficult to universally apply.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a method for artificially cultivating oysters to solve the above technical problems is an issue that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating oysters.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating oysters, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) selecting oyster parents, ripening them, artificially inseminating them, and hatching them to obtain oyster larvae; a ripening agent is used during the ripening process; the ripening agent is: L-acetylcarnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, Rehmannia glutinosa extract, and Placenta centifolia extract;

[0009] (2) cultivating the oyster larvae obtained in step (1), feeding them with open-mouthed bait, obtaining oyster seedlings, and feeding the oyster seedlings with artificial oyster feed after they have attached and metamorphosed;

[0010] (3) cultivating the oyster seedlings obtained in step (2) to obtain juvenile spat;

[0011] (4) The juvenile spat are transferred to a breeding farm and cultured for 12 to 18 months.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the oyster parents are first temporarily cultured in an outdoor temporary culture pond for 20 to 30 days, and then moved to an indoor ripening pond for ripening treatment.

[0013] Preferably, artificial feed is fed to the oysters during both temporary rearing and ripening; and both the temporary rearing pond and the ripening pond use naturally circulating seawater as aquaculture water.

[0014] Preferably, the open-mouthed bait is: Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis, Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas moniliformis, and Phaeochromis triangularis; the mass ratio of Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis, Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas moniliformis, and Phaeochromis triangularis is 1-3:3-1:3-1:3-1.

[0015] Preferably, during the larval cultivation process of step (2), before the eye spots occur, 3 / 5 of the water is changed every day, and the water temperature is 21-22°C. After the eye spots occur, the water is changed twice a day, 1 / 2 each time, and the water temperature is 24-26°C.

[0016] Preferably, the proportion of the artificial oyster feed in step (2) is 4-6% of the larvae's body weight; and the artificial oyster feed in step (3) is 5-7% of the larvae's body weight.

[0017] Preferably, the intermediate cultivation time in step (3) is 65 to 85 days.

[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of L-acetylcarnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, Rehmannia glutinosa extract, and Placenta centifolia extract in step (1) is 4-6:9-13:20-30:10-16:10-16.

[0019] Preferably, the artificial oyster feed is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of flour, 8-12 parts of puffed soybean flour, 6-10 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of protein raw materials, 20-40 parts of algae raw materials, 3-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 2-3 parts of multivitamins, and 0.8-1.2 parts of fermentation agents; the protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder; the algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella; the fermentation agents are: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida caerulea, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

[0020] Preferably, the vitamin complex is vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12; the mass ratio of vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 is 12-16:8-12:12-16:5-9:6-10;

[0021] The mass ratio of the Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida caecum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 16-20:15-17:10-14:7-11:6-10:6-10;

[0022] The mass ratio of the black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder and silkworm pupa powder is 20-30:10-20:5-9:3-7; the mass ratio of the Chaetoceros algae, Sievella serrata, Thalassiosira algae and Chlorella vulgaris is 8-12:8-12:8-12:8-12.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. Improved breeding efficiency: The present invention significantly improves the ripening effect of oyster parents by using a specially formulated ripening agent, increases the egg diameter, and significantly improves the fertilization rate and hatching rate, solving the problem of unstable quality of naturally collected seedlings.

[0025] 2. Optimized Growth Performance: This invention utilizes a scientifically formulated starter bait and artificial feed to promote rapid growth of oyster larvae and seedlings. The experimental group achieved a shell height of 13.4 mm at 60 days of age, significantly outperforming the control group, and the survival rate increased to 73.8%.

[0026] 3. Wide environmental adaptability: The present invention adapts to the needs of oysters at different growth stages by regulating parameters such as water temperature, water change frequency and salinity in stages, reducing the impact of environmental fluctuations on oysters. At the same time, it also regulates and promotes the growth of oysters through the external environment, and is suitable for a variety of breeding scenarios.

[0027] 4. Operation standardization: The present invention adopts quantitative management throughout the entire process from temporary parent rearing, ripening to intermediate cultivation. The method is simple and suitable for large-scale promotion, effectively solving the problem that traditional breeding methods are difficult to standardize.

[0028] In summary, the present invention achieves high yield, high efficiency and high quality in oyster farming through innovative ripening technology, precise nutrient distribution and scientific environmental management, providing a reliable solution for the sustainable development of the oyster industry and has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating oysters, comprising the following steps:

[0030] (1) selecting oyster parents, ripening them, artificially inseminating them, and hatching them to obtain oyster larvae; a ripening agent is used during the ripening process; the ripening agent is: L-acetylcarnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, Rehmannia glutinosa extract, and Placenta centifolia extract;

[0031] (2) cultivating the oyster larvae obtained in step (1), feeding them with open-mouthed bait, obtaining oyster seedlings, and feeding the oyster seedlings with artificial oyster feed after they have attached and metamorphosed;

[0032] (3) cultivating the oyster seedlings obtained in step (2) to obtain juvenile spat;

[0033] (4) The juvenile spat are transferred to a breeding farm and cultured for 12 to 18 months.

[0034] In the present invention, in step (4), the juvenile spat is preferably moved to a farm for culture for 13 to 17 months; more preferably for 14 to 16 months; and even more preferably for 15 months.

[0035] In the present invention, in step (1), the oyster parents are first temporarily cultured in an outdoor temporary culture pond for 20 to 30 days, and then moved to an indoor ripening pond for ripening treatment; preferably 22 to 28 days; more preferably 24 to 26 days; and more preferably 25 days.

[0036] In the present invention, artificial feed is fed to oysters during both temporary rearing and ripening; and naturally circulating seawater is used as aquaculture water in both the temporary rearing pond and the ripening pond.

[0037] In the present invention, the open-mouthed bait is: Zhanjiang Isochrysis algae, Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas algae, and Triangular brown finger algae; the mass ratio of Zhanjiang Isochrysis algae, Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas algae, and Triangular brown finger algae is 1-3:3-1:3-1:3-1; preferably 2:2:3-1:3-1; further preferably 2:2:2:3-1; more preferably 1:1:1:1.

[0038] In the present invention, during the larval cultivation process in step (2), before the eye spots occur, 3 / 5 of the water is changed every day, and the water temperature is 21-22°C. After the eye spots occur, the water is changed twice a day, 1 / 2 each time, and the water temperature is 24-26°C. Preferably, during the larval cultivation process, before the eye spots occur, 3 / 5 of the water is changed every day, and the water temperature is 21.5°C. After the eye spots occur, the water is changed twice a day, 1 / 2 each time, and the water temperature is 25°C.

[0039] In the present invention, the proportion of artificial feed for oysters in step (2) is 4-6% of the body weight of the larvae, preferably 5%.

[0040] In step (3), the oysters are fed with artificial feed during the intermediate cultivation, with the feeding ratio being 5-7% of the larvae's body weight, preferably 6%.

[0041] In the present invention, the intermediate cultivation time in step (3) is 65 to 85 days, preferably 70 to 80 days, and more preferably 75 days.

[0042] In the present application, the mass ratio of L-acetyl carnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, radix rehmanniae preparata extract, and placenta extract in step (1) is 4-6:9-13:20-30:10-16:10-16; preferably 5:10-12:22-28:11-15:11-15; further preferably 5:11:24-26:12-14:12-14; and more preferably 5:11:25:13:13.

[0043] The present application provides a kind of artificial breeding feed of oyster, which is prepared from components including the following mass fractions: flour 25-35 parts, puffed soybean powder 8-12 parts, corn flour 6-10 parts, protein raw material 20-40 parts, algal raw material 20-40 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5 parts, zeolite powder 2-4 parts, choline chloride 1-2 parts, compound vitamin 2-3 parts, and fermentation agent 0.8-1.2 parts; preferably flour 27-33 parts, puffed soybean powder 9-11 parts, corn flour 7-9 parts, protein raw material 25-35 parts, algal raw material 25-35 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, zeolite powder 3 parts, choline chloride 2 parts, compound vitamin 3 parts, and fermentation agent 0.9-1.1 parts; further preferably flour 29-31 parts, puffed soybean powder 10 parts, corn flour 8 parts, protein raw material 27-33 parts, algal raw material 27-33 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, zeolite powder 3 parts, choline chloride 2 parts, compound vitamin 3 parts, and fermentation agent 1 part; and more preferably flour 30 parts, puffed soybean powder 10 parts, corn flour 8 parts, protein raw material 30 parts, algal raw material 30 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, zeolite powder 3 parts, choline chloride 2 parts, compound vitamin 3 parts, and fermentation agent 1 part.

[0044] In the present application, the protein raw material is black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, and silkworm chrysalis powder.

[0045] In the present application, the algal raw material is chateone, cymatodinium, thalassiosira, and chlorella.

[0046] In the present application, the fermentation agent is bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus niger, candida utilis, pedioccoccus pentosaceus, and lactobacillus rhamnosus.

[0047] In the present application, the compound vitamin is vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12; and the mass ratio of vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12 is 12-16:8-12:12-16:5-9:6-10; preferably 13-15:9-11:13-15:6-8:7-9; and further preferably 14:10:14:7:8.

[0048] In the present invention, the mass ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 16-20:15-17:10-14:7-11:6-10:6-10; preferably 17-19:16:11-13:8-10:7-9:7-9; further preferably 18:16:12:9:8:8.

[0049] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, maggot powder and silkworm pupa powder is 20-30:10-20:5-9:3-7; preferably 22-28:12-18:6-8:4-6; further preferably 24-26:14-16:7:5; more preferably 25:15:7:5.

[0050] In the present invention, the mass ratio of Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella is 8-12:8-12:8-12:8-12; preferably 9-11:9-11:9-11:9-11; more preferably 1:1:1:1.

[0051] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the artificial oyster culture feed, comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials are mixed, the water content is adjusted, and then fermented to obtain material 1;

[0053] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and a protein raw material, adjusting the water content, and then fermenting to obtain material 2;

[0054] (3) The material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins are mixed, granulated, and then dried to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0055] In the present invention, the fermentation time in steps (1) and (2) is 3 to 7 days; preferably 4 to 6 days; more preferably 5 days.

[0056] In the present invention, the water content in steps (1) and (2) is adjusted to 55-75%, preferably 57-73%, more preferably 59-71%, and more preferably 65%.

[0057] In the present invention, the particle size of the granulation in step (4) is 50 to 100 μm; preferably 60 to 90 μm; more preferably 70 to 80 μm; and more preferably 80 μm.

[0058] In the present invention, the material is dried to a moisture content of ≤8%, preferably 6-8%, and more preferably 7%.

[0059] The present invention also provides the use of the artificial oyster breeding feed or the artificial oyster breeding feed prepared by the preparation method of the artificial oyster breeding feed in oyster breeding.

[0060] In the present invention, the bacterial content of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 500 million / g.

[0061] In the present invention, the Aspergillus niger has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 8640; Bacillus coagulans GDMCC 1.420; Bacillus licheniformis GDMCC 1.182; Candida utilis CICC 1422; Pediococcus pentosaceus CICC 22726; and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CICC 22825 are all from Shanghai Chen Microorganisms.

[0062] In the present invention, the L-acetylcarnitine CAS: 3040-38-8; marine red yeast extract, the preparation method is the same as CN201811018876.3; brown algae extract comes from Shaanxi Xintianyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Rehmannia glutinosa extract comes from Henan Wokas Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and placenta extract comes from Xi'an Runxue Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0063] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] An artificial oyster aquaculture feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of flour, 8 parts of puffed soybean flour, 6 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of protein raw material, 20 parts of algae raw material, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of zeolite powder, 1 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of multivitamins, and 0.8 parts of fermentation agent;

[0066] The protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, silkworm pupa powder, with a mass ratio of 20:10:5:3;

[0067] The algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella, with a mass ratio of 8:8:8:8.

[0068] The fermentation bacteria include: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with a mass ratio of 16:15:10:7:6:6.

[0069] The complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12, with a mass ratio of 12:8:12:5:6.

[0070] The preparation method of the artificial oyster culture feed comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials were mixed, the water content was adjusted to 55%, and fermented for 3 days to obtain material 1;

[0072] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the protein raw material, adjusting the water content to 55%, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain material 2;

[0073] (3) Material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins were mixed, granulated (particle size 50 μm), and then dried (water content 8%) to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] An artificial oyster aquaculture feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of flour, 12 parts of puffed soybean flour, 10 parts of corn flour, 40 parts of protein raw material, 40 parts of algae raw material, 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4 parts of zeolite powder, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of multivitamins, and 1.2 parts of fermentation agent;

[0076] The protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, silkworm pupa powder, with a mass ratio of 30:20:9:7;

[0077] The algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella, with a mass ratio of 12:12:12:12.

[0078] The fermentation bacteria are: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with a mass ratio of 20:17:14:11:10:10.

[0079] The complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12, with a mass ratio of 16:12:16:9:10.

[0080] The preparation method of the artificial oyster culture feed comprises the following steps:

[0081] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials were mixed, the water content was adjusted to 75%, and then fermented for 7 days to obtain material 1;

[0082] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the protein raw material, adjusting the water content to 75%, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain material 2;

[0083] (3) Material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins were mixed, granulated (particle size: 100 μm), and then dried (water content: 7%) to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] An artificial oyster aquaculture feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of flour, 10 parts of puffed soybean flour, 8 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of protein raw material, 30 parts of algae raw material, 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of multivitamins, and 1 part of fermentation agent;

[0086] The protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder, with a mass ratio of 25:15:7:5;

[0087] The algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella, with a mass ratio of 10:10:10:10.

[0088] The fermentation bacteria are: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with a mass ratio of 18:16:12:9:8:8.

[0089] The complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12, with a mass ratio of 14:10:14:7:8.

[0090] The preparation method of the artificial oyster breeding feed comprises the following steps:

[0091] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials were mixed, the water content was adjusted to 65%, and fermented for 5 days to obtain material 1;

[0092] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the protein raw material, adjusting the water content to 65%, and fermenting for 8 days to obtain material 2;

[0093] (3) Material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins are mixed, granulated (particle size 80 μm), and then dried (water content 8%) to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0094] Example 4

[0095] A method for artificially cultivating oysters, comprising the following steps:

[0096] (1) Selecting oyster parents and placing them in an outdoor temporary pool for temporary cultivation for 20 days, using naturally circulating seawater as the cultivation water, with a water temperature of 19℃, a salinity of 28, and a pH of 8.10, and feeding the oysters artificial feed (prepared according to the method of Example 1, same below, at a feeding ratio of 5% of the body weight of the oysters) during the period;

[0097] (2) Moving the temporarily cultivated oysters to an indoor maturation pool, using naturally circulating seawater as the cultivation water, with a water temperature of 22℃, a salinity of 28, and a pH of 8.11, and feeding the oysters artificial feed (5% of the body weight) + maturation agent (mass ratio of 10:1) during the period, the maturation agent being L-acetyl carnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, radix rehmanniae preparata extract, and purple cowper extract, with a mass ratio of 4:9:20:10:10;

[0098] (3) Artificially inseminating the obtained oysters, and obtaining oyster larvae after the fertilized eggs are hatched;

[0099] (4) Cultivating the oyster larvae using a water tank, feeding them with opening feed, obtaining oyster seedlings, and feeding the oyster seedlings with artificial feed (4% of the body weight) after they undergo attachment metamorphosis;

[0100] The opening feed is Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with a mass ratio of 3:1:1:1;

[0101] During the cultivation of the oyster larvae, the water is changed by 3 / 5 every day before the appearance of the eye spot, with a water temperature of 21℃, and the water is changed twice every day after the appearance of the eye spot, with a water temperature of 24℃.

[0102] (5) Obtaining oyster seedlings by placing them in an outdoor pond for 85 days of intermediate cultivation, using naturally circulating seawater as the cultivation water, and feeding them with artificial feed (5% of the body weight) to obtain juvenile oysters;

[0103] (6) Moving the obtained juvenile oysters to a cultivation farm for 12 months of raft cultivation.

[0104] Example 5

[0105] A method for artificially cultivating oysters, the steps being as follows:

[0106] (1) Selecting oyster parents and placing them in an outdoor temporary pool for temporary cultivation for 30 days, using naturally circulating seawater as the cultivation water, with a water temperature of 25℃, a salinity of 32, and a pH of 8.22, and feeding the oysters artificial feed (prepared according to the method of Example 2, same below, at a feeding ratio of 5% of the body weight of the oysters) during the period;

[0107] (2) the oysters after temporary cultivation are moved to an indoor maturation pool, natural circulating seawater is used as aquaculture water, the water temperature is 27℃, the salinity is 32, the pH is 8.22, and during the period, the oysters are fed with artificial oyster feed (5% of the body weight) + maturation agent (mass ratio of 8:1), maturation treatment, the maturation agent is L-acetyl carnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, radix rehmanniae preparata extract and placenta extract, and the mass ratio is 6:13:30:16:16;

[0108] (3) the obtained oysters are artificially inseminated, and after the fertilized eggs are hatched, oyster larvae are obtained;

[0109] (4) the oyster larvae are cultivated using a water tank, and are fed with opening feed to obtain oyster seedlings, and after the oyster seedlings are attached metamorphosis, the oyster seedlings are fed with artificial oyster feed (6% of the body weight);

[0110] the opening feed is Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana, chondrophycus, flat algae and phaeodactylum, and the mass ratio is 3:1:1:1;

[0111] during the oyster larvae cultivation, 3 / 5 of water is changed every day before the eye spot occurs, the water temperature is 22℃, and after the eye spot occurs, the water is changed twice a day, each time 1 / 2, and the water temperature is 26℃.

[0112] (5) the obtained oyster seedlings are cultivated in an outdoor pond for 85 days, natural circulating seawater is used as aquaculture water, and the oyster seedlings are fed with artificial oyster feed (7% of the body weight) to obtain juvenile oysters;

[0113] (6) the obtained juvenile oysters are moved to a breeding farm and are bred through floating raft for 18 months.

[0114] Example 6

[0115] A method for artificially breeding oysters, the steps are as follows:

[0116] (1) oyster parents are selected and are placed in an outdoor temporary cultivation pool for temporary cultivation for 25 days, natural circulating seawater is used as aquaculture water, the water temperature is 23℃, the salinity is 30, the pH is 8.20, and during the period, the oysters are fed with artificial oyster feed (prepared by the method in Example 3, the same below, the feeding ratio is 5% of the body weight of the oysters);

[0117] (2) the oysters after temporary cultivation are moved to an indoor maturation pool, natural circulating seawater is used as aquaculture water, the water temperature is 25℃, the salinity is 30, the pH is 8.20, and during the period, the oysters are fed with artificial oyster feed (5% of the body weight) + maturation agent (mass ratio of 10:1), maturation treatment, the maturation agent is L-acetyl carnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, radix rehmanniae preparata extract and placenta extract, and the mass ratio is 5:11:25:13:13;

[0118] (3) the obtained oysters are artificially inseminated, and after the fertilized eggs are hatched, oyster larvae are obtained;

[0119] (4) the oyster larvae are cultivated using a water tank, fed with the opening feed, to obtain oyster seedlings, and the oyster seedlings are fed with the oyster artificial feed (5% of body weight) after adhesion metamorphosis;

[0120] The opening feed is: Isochrysis zhanjiangensis, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, Phaeodactylum, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0121] During the cultivation of the oyster larvae, 3 / 5 of water is changed every day before the eye spot occurs, and the water temperature is 21.5℃; after the eye spot occurs, 2 / 5 of water is changed twice a day, and the water temperature is 25℃.

[0122] (5) the obtained oyster seedlings are cultivated in an outdoor pond for 75 days, natural circulating seawater is used as the breeding water, the oyster artificial feed (6% of body weight) is fed, and juvenile oysters are obtained;

[0123] (6) the obtained juvenile oysters are moved to a breeding farm and are cultivated by floating raft for 16 months.

[0124] Comparative Example 1

[0125] The other methods are the same as those in Example 6, except that no maturation agent is used in step (2).

[0126] Comparative Example 2

[0127] The other methods are the same as those in Example 6, except that the equal amount of L-acetyl carnitine is used to replace the extract of Radix Rehmanniae and the extract of Eurycoma longifolia in step (2).

[0128] Comparative Example 3

[0129] The other methods are the same as those in Example 6, except that the equal amount of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis is used to replace Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Phaeodactylum.

[0130] Experimental Example 1

[0131] 400 healthy and undamaged long oyster parents are selected for indoor artificial breeding test of long oysters in Laizhou Bay, and are evenly divided into four groups.

[0132] The method of Example 6 is used as the experimental group;

[0133] Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3 are used as control groups 1, 2, and 3.

[0134] The matured oysters in each test group are artificially inseminated, and the specific method is as follows:

[0135] Collect males with high sperm motility and females with mature eggs for artificial insemination. Thoroughly mix the sperm and eggs. Microscopic examination indicates a sperm-to-egg ratio of 15:1. After mixing for 20 minutes, wash the fertilized eggs and transfer them to an incubator at a density of 30 eggs / mL.

[0136] 1. During the experiment, relevant indicators in the experimental group, control group 1, and control group 2 were measured, including egg diameter, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. The experiment was repeated in two groups, and the results were averaged, as shown in Table 1.

[0137] Table 1 Statistics of egg diameter, fertilization rate and hatching rate

[0138] Group Egg diameter μm Fertilization rate % Hatching rate % Experimental group 53.38 97.52 93.65 Control group 1 48.23 89.53 83.72 Control group 2 50.66 91.24 88.67

[0139] As shown in Table 1, the eggs obtained by the method of the present invention have a large egg diameter, a high fertilization rate, and a high hatching rate of fertilized eggs, which are significantly higher than those of control group 1 and control group 2, indicating that the ripening agent has achieved the corresponding results.

[0140] 2. After the fertilized eggs of the experimental group and the control group were hatched, the shell height and survival rate of oysters at 10, 15, 30, and 60 days of age were counted. The experiment was repeated in two groups, and the results were averaged, as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0141] Table 2 Shell height statistics

[0142] Group 10d 15d 30d 60d Experimental group 126.8 μm 212.5 μm 2.1 mm 13.4 mm Control group 3 105.4 μm 187.4 μm 1.8 mm 11.7 mm

[0143] Table 3 Survival rate statistics

[0144] Group 10d 15d 30d 60d Experimental group 93.5％ 90.2％ 85.2％ 73.8％ Control group 3 91.4％ 84.7％ 78.4％ 65.5％

[0145] It can be seen that the oysters cultured by the method of the present invention have a fast growth rate and a high survival rate, and all data are better than those of the control group 3. If the open-mouthed bait provided by the present invention is not used, the growth of the oysters will be significantly affected.

[0146] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating oysters, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) selecting oyster parents, ripening them, artificially inseminating them, and hatching them to obtain oyster larvae; a ripening agent is used during the ripening process; the ripening agent is: L-acetylcarnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, Rehmannia glutinosa extract, and Placenta centifolia extract; (2) cultivating the oyster larvae obtained in step (1), feeding them with open-mouthed bait, obtaining oyster seedlings, and feeding the oyster seedlings with artificial oyster feed after they have attached and metamorphosed; (3) cultivating the oyster seedlings obtained in step (2) to obtain juvenile spat; (4) The juvenile spat are transferred to a breeding farm and cultured for 12 to 18 months.

2. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) The oyster parents are first temporarily cultured in an outdoor temporary culture pond for 20 to 30 days, and then moved to an indoor ripening pond for ripening treatment.

3. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oysters are fed artificial feed during the temporary rearing and ripening process; and the temporary rearing pond and the ripening pond both use naturally circulating seawater as aquaculture water.

4. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The open-mouthed bait comprises: Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis, Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas moniliformis, and Phaeochromis triangularis; the mass ratio of Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis, Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas moniliformis, and Phaeochromis triangularis is 1-3:3-1:3-1:3-1.

5. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the larval cultivation process of step (2), before the eye spots occur, 3 / 5 of the water is changed every day, and the water temperature is 21-22°C. After the eye spots occur, the water is changed twice a day, 1 / 2 each time, and the water temperature is 24-26°C.

6. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the artificial feed of oysters is fed at a ratio of 4-6% of the larvae's body weight; and in step (3), the artificial feed of oysters is fed during the intermediate cultivation at a ratio of 5-7% of the larvae's body weight.

7. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate cultivation time in step (3) is 65 to 85 days.

8. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the L-acetylcarnitine, marine red yeast extract, brown algae extract, Rehmannia root extract and Placenta placenta extract in step (1) is 4-6:9-13:20-30:10-16:10-16.

9. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial oyster feed is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of flour, 8-12 parts of puffed soybean flour, 6-10 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of protein raw materials, 20-40 parts of algae raw materials, 3-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 2-3 parts of multivitamins, and 0.8-1.2 parts of fermentation agents; the protein raw materials are black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder; the algae raw materials are Chaetoceros, Sievella cyclosporus, Thalassiosira marinum, and Chlorella vulgaris; and the fermentation agents are Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

10. The method for artificially cultivating oysters according to claim 9, characterized in that: The vitamin complex comprises vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12; the mass ratio of vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 is 12-16:8-12:12-16:5-9:6-10; The mass ratio of the Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 16-20:15-17:10-14:7-11:6-10:6-10; The mass ratio of the black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder and silkworm pupa powder is 20-30:10-20:5-9:3-7; the mass ratio of the Chaetoceros algae, Sievella serrata, Thalassiosira algae and Chlorella vulgaris is 8-12:8-12:8-12:8-12.