Application of fagopyrum cymosum root powder in preparation of products for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks

Abstract

The application discloses application of Fagopyrum cymosum root powder in preparation of products for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The application provides application of Fagopyrum cymosum root powder in preparation of products for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks, and the Fagopyrum cymosum root powder can improve eggshell strength, yolk color and eggshell proportion, improve the content of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine and leucine in yolk, improve the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in yolk, and reduce the content of saturated fatty acid in yolk; the Fagopyrum cymosum root powder can improve the activity of maltase in the mucous membrane of the jejunum of laying ducks, and can improve the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora of laying ducks. The application provides a new strategy for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed additive technology, and in particular to the application of buckwheat root powder in the preparation of products that improve the quality of duck eggs or gut health. Background Technology

[0002] There is an urgent need to provide a green and healthy method to improve the quality of duck eggs and gut health. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide the application of buckwheat root powder in the preparation of products that improve the quality of duck eggs or gut health, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Buckwheat root powder can improve the quality of duck eggs or gut health. This invention provides a new strategy for improving the quality of duck eggs or gut health.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] This invention provides the application of buckwheat root powder in the preparation of products that improve the quality of duck eggs or gut health.

[0006] Optionally, the product is used to improve eggshell strength, yolk color, and eggshell ratio.

[0007] Optionally, the product is used to increase the content of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine, and leucine in egg yolks.

[0008] Optionally, the product is used to increase the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in egg yolks and reduce the content of saturated fatty acids in egg yolks.

[0009] Optionally, the product is used to enhance the activity of maltase in the jejunal mucosa of laying ducks.

[0010] Optionally, the product is used to improve the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in laying ducks.

[0011] Optionally, the product is used to increase the relative abundance of Spirochetes and decrease the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Deferobacteria.

[0012] Optionally, the product is used to increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decrease the relative abundance of Prevotella _Ga6A1 group, Spirochetes musziii and Bacillus faecalis.

[0013] Optionally, the product includes feed additives.

[0014] The present invention also provides a feed for improving the quality of duck eggs or gut health, the feed comprising buckwheat root powder;

[0015] The amount of buckwheat root powder added is 1%-3%.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0017] Experiments have verified that adding buckwheat root powder to the diet can significantly improve the antioxidant function, luteinizing hormone, and serum IL-4 levels in laying ducks, while reducing the serum cytokine IL-1β level; it can also significantly improve eggshell strength, yolk color, eggshell ratio, and the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in the yolk, while significantly reducing the content of myristic acid, palmitic acid, and saturated fatty acids in the yolk, thus improving the intestinal digestive physiological indicators and fatty acid content in the yolk of laying ducks; and it can regulate the diversity and abundance of cecal flora in laying ducks, specifically increasing the relative abundance of Spirulina and Lactobacillus, and decreasing the relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Deferobacterium, Prevotella spp. Ga6A1 group, Spirulina spp., and Bacillus spp. This invention provides a new strategy for improving egg quality or intestinal health in laying ducks. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 Venn diagram of gut microbiota based on ASV levels;

[0020] Figure 2 The distribution of gut microbiota in laying ducks at the phylum level;

[0021] Figure 3 Distribution of gut microbiota in laying ducks at the genus level;

[0022] In the above figures, A: control group; B: 1% buckwheat root powder added group; C: 2% buckwheat root powder added group; D: 3% buckwheat root powder added group. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0025] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0026] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0027] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0028] The buckwheat root powder used in this embodiment is prepared by drying and pulverizing the tuberous roots of the buckwheat variety (Gan Jinqiao No. 1) independently bred and cultivated by the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and passing them through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] 1. Research Methods

[0031] Five hundred and twenty-two laying ducks (breed: Mountain Ma Duck) of similar condition, egg production rate, and age (32 weeks) from the same duck house were selected and randomly divided into four groups, with eight replicates per group and 16 ducks per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while experimental groups 1-3 were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1%, 2%, and 3% buckwheat root powder, respectively. The pre-feeding period was one week, and the trial period was eight weeks.

[0032] After the experiment, two experimental ducks with average weights were randomly selected from each replicate. 5 mL of blood was collected from the wing vein, allowed to stand for separation, centrifuged, and the supernatant was stored at -20℃ for later use.

[0033] 2. Results and Analysis

[0034] 2.1 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on Egg Production Performance of Ducks

[0035] During the experiment, the daily egg weight, average egg weight, qualified egg rate, daily egg production, average daily feed intake, egg production rate and feed conversion ratio of each group of ducks were recorded. The feed conversion ratio = total feed intake / total egg weight.

[0036] As shown in Table 1, the addition of buckwheat root powder to the diet of laying ducks had no significant effect on the daily egg weight, average egg weight, qualified egg rate, daily egg production, average daily feed intake, egg production rate and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05).

[0037] Table 1. Effects of buckwheat root powder on the production performance of laying ducks.

[0038]

[0039] Note: Different lowercase letters in the superscript of the same data indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while no letter or the same letter indicates no significant differences (P>0.05). The same applies to the following table.

[0040] 2.2 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on Egg Quality

[0041] During the experiment, the egg shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, Haugh units, yolk color, yolk ratio, egg white ratio, and shell ratio of duck eggs in each group were measured. The egg shape index was measured using vernier calipers to measure the major and minor diameters of the duck eggs and the ratio was calculated. The shell strength was measured using an egg shell strength tester (EFC-0503). The shell thickness was measured using a micrometer at the pointed, middle, and blunt ends of the eggshell, and the average value was taken. The Haugh units and yolk color were measured using an egg quality analyzer (EMT-5200). The yolk, egg white, and shell were separated and weighed, and the average value was taken to calculate the proportion of each to the total egg weight.

[0042] As shown in Table 2, compared with the control group, the eggshell strength and yolk color of the buckwheat root powder-added group were significantly improved (P<0.05). The eggshell ratio of the 3% addition group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), but it had no significant effect on the duck egg shape index, eggshell thickness, Haugh units, yolk ratio, and other indicators (P>0.05).

[0043] Table 2. Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on the Quality of Duck and Eggs

[0044]

[0045] 2.3 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on Nutrient Content of Duck Egg Yolks

[0046] 2.3.1 Amino acid content

[0047] The amino acid content in egg yolks was determined using an automatic amino acid analyzer in accordance with the national food safety standard "Determination of Amino Acids in Food" (GB5009.124—2016).

[0048] As shown in Table 3, compared with the control group, the addition of 1% buckwheat root powder to the diet had no significant effect on the content of various amino acids in the egg yolks of ducks (P>0.05). The addition of 2% buckwheat root powder significantly increased the content of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine, leucine, total amino acids, umami amino acids, and essential amino acids in the egg yolks (P<0.05), while 3% buckwheat root powder significantly increased the content of aspartic acid and threonine (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the content of other amino acids (P>0.05). In addition, compared with the 1% addition group, the addition of 2% buckwheat root powder significantly increased the content of glycine, cystine, valine, total amino acids, umami amino acids, and essential amino acids in the egg yolks (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the amino acid content of other groups (P>0.05).

[0049] Table 3. Effect of buckwheat root powder on amino acid content in duck egg yolks (mg / g)

[0050]

[0051] 2.3.2 Fatty acid composition

[0052] Fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography. The analytical procedure involved first extracting lipids from the sample using a chloroform-methanol (2:1 v / v) solution. The lipids were then methylated in a potassium hydroxide-methanol solution (0.4 mol / L) for 30 min. Finally, 2 mL of deionized water was added, the mixture was shaken and centrifuged for 5 min (3000 rpm), and the supernatant was stored at -20℃ for later use. The methylated sample was then subjected to gas chromatography for fatty acid composition determination. Each fatty acid was compared with known standards for identification, and the fatty acid content was calculated using the area normalization method, presented as a percentage of total fatty acids.

[0053] As shown in Table 4, compared with the control group, the addition of 1% buckwheat root powder to the diet significantly reduced the content of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids in egg yolk (P<0.05), the addition of 2% buckwheat root powder significantly reduced the content of myristic acid, palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids (P<0.05), and the addition of 3% buckwheat root powder significantly reduced the content of myristic acid and saturated fatty acids, and significantly increased the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid (P<0.05), while having no significant effect on the composition of other fatty acids (P>0.05). Furthermore, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk of the buckwheat root powder-added groups (1% and 2%) showed an increasing trend with the increase of the buckwheat root powder addition level in the diet.

[0054] Table 4. Effects of buckwheat root powder on fatty acid composition in duck egg yolks (%)

[0055]

[0056] 2.4 Effects of Fagopyrum jigguifolia root powder on serum indicators in laying ducks

[0057] 2.4.1 Biochemical Indicators

[0058] Serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels were measured using kits from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Research Institute.

[0059] As shown in Table 5, the addition of buckwheat root powder to the diet had no significant effect on serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of 2% buckwheat root powder significantly increased serum total protein and serum calcium levels (P<0.05), and the addition of 3% buckwheat root powder significantly increased serum urea nitrogen levels (P<0.05).

[0060] Table 5 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on Serum Biochemical Indicators in Laying Ducks

[0061]

[0062] 2.4.2 Serum Immunological and Antioxidant Properties

[0063] The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The levels of serum SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA were determined using a chemical colorimetric method. All assay procedures were performed according to the kit instructions. All kits were purchased from Beijing Huaying Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0064] As shown in Table 6, the addition of buckwheat root powder to the diet had no significant effect on the IgA, IgG, and IgM levels in laying ducks (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of 1% buckwheat root powder to the diet significantly reduced IL-1β levels (P<0.05) and significantly increased SOD activity (P<0.05); the addition of 2% buckwheat root powder significantly reduced IL-1β levels (P<0.05) and significantly increased IL-4 levels (P<0.05); and the addition of 3% buckwheat root powder significantly increased IL-4 levels (P<0.05).

[0065] Table 6. Effects of Fagopyrum jiu root powder on serum immunity and antioxidant properties in laying ducks.

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] 2.4.3 Serum reproductive hormone levels

[0069] Serum progesterone, duck follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The assay procedures were performed according to the kit instructions, and the kits were purchased from Beijing Huaying Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0070] As shown in Table 7, compared with the control group, the 2% and 3% addition groups significantly increased serum luteinizing hormone levels (P<0.05).

[0071] Table 7 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on Serum Reproductive Hormone Levels in Laying Ducks

[0072]

[0073] 2.5 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on Digestive Physiological Indicators in Laying Ducks

[0074] The activities of α-amylase, maltase, lipase and trypsin in the digestive tract mucosa of laying ducks were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The assay procedures were performed according to the kit instructions, and the kits were purchased from Beijing Huaying Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0075] As shown in Table 8, the maltase activity of the diet supplemented with 3% buckwheat root powder was significantly higher than that of the control group, the 1% and 2% supplementation groups (P<0.05).

[0076] Table 8. Effects of buckwheat root powder on digestive enzymes in the jejunal mucosa of laying ducks.

[0077]

[0078] 2.6 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on Cecal Microbiota Structure in Laying Ducks

[0079] The cecal microbiota structure of laying ducks was determined by Beijing Novogene Technology Co., Ltd. through 16S rRNA V3-V4 microbiota analysis.

[0080] 2.6.1 Statistics on the number of effective ASVs in intestinal contents

[0081] In the Venn diagram, the overlapping areas of the different colored circles are labeled with numbers representing the number of common ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants), while the non-overlapping areas represent the number of unique ASVs. Figure 1 It was observed that the number of ASVs common to the cecal contents of all groups was 528, with the group supplemented with 2% buckwheat root powder having the most characteristic sequences, totaling 590. These results indicate that there were differences in fecal species between the control group and each experimental group, and that the addition of buckwheat root powder to the diet can affect the number of bacterial species in the cecum of laying ducks.

[0082] 2.6.2 Analysis of Gut Microbiota Alpha Diversity

[0083] As shown in Table 9, the addition of buckwheat root powder to the diet had no significant effect on the sequencing coverage of the gut microbiota in laying ducks, but the results were all 1.00, indicating that the sequencing results could represent the true situation of the microbiota diversity of each group of samples. Compared with the 3% addition group, the addition of 2% buckwheat root powder to the diet significantly increased the chao1 index, observed_otus, pielou_e, shannon index, and simpson index, and significantly decreased the dominance index (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences among other groups (P>0.05).

[0084] Table 9. Analysis of the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in laying ducks by buckwheat root powder.

[0085]

[0086] 2.6.3 Effects of Buckwheat Root Powder on the Intestinal Microbiota Structure of Laying Ducks

[0087] Depend on Figure 2 It was found that, excluding other phyla, the cecal intestinal flora of laying ducks in each group had a relative abundance of more than 1% at the phylum level, including Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Deferribacteres. Among them, Bacteroides and Firmicutes had the highest abundance, at 60.48% and 20.26%, respectively. As shown in Table 10, compared with the control group, the 3% buckwheat root powder addition group significantly increased the relative abundance of Spirulina (P<0.05) and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Fusobacteria (P<0.05), while the 2% buckwheat root powder addition group significantly decreased the relative abundance of Deferribacteres (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the other groups (P>0.05).

[0088] Depend on Figure 3It can be seen that, excluding other genera, the cecal intestinal flora of laying ducks with a relative abundance of more than 1% at the genus level include Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, Megamonas, Desulfovibrio, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, Mucispirillum, and Faecalibacterium. Among them, Bacteroides (42.69%), Pseudomonas (3.06%), Megamonas (2.94%), Desulfovibrio (2.81%), and Mucispirillum (1.82%) are the genera with the highest abundance. Table 11 shows that, compared with the control group, the 1% Fagopyrum esculentum root powder addition group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella _Ga6A1 (P<0.05), the 2% Fagopyrum esculentum root powder addition group significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus _ (P<0.05) and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Spirochetes _ Muzig_ (P<0.05), while the 3% Fagopyrum esculentum root powder addition group significantly decreased the relative abundance of Fasciola hepatica _ (P<0.05). Compared with the 1% and 2% addition groups, the 3% addition group significantly increased the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio _ and Megamonas _ (P<0.05) and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Fasciola hepatica _ (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences among the other groups (P>0.05). The dominant bacterial species in each group was Bacteroides _, followed by Pseudomonas _.

[0089] Table 10. Effects of buckwheat root powder on the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum level in laying ducks (%)

[0090]

[0091] Table 11 Effect of buckwheat root powder on the relative abundance of gut microbiota in laying ducks at the genus level (%)

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Under the experimental conditions of this invention, the addition of buckwheat root powder to the diet significantly improved the serum antioxidant function, luteinizing hormone, and serum IL-4 levels in laying ducks, decreased the serum cytokine IL-1β level, significantly improved eggshell strength, yolk color, and eggshell ratio, as well as the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in the yolk, and significantly decreased the content of myristic acid, palmitic acid, and saturated fatty acids in the yolk. It also improved the intestinal digestive physiological indicators and fatty acid content in the yolk of laying ducks, regulated the diversity and abundance of cecal flora, increased the relative abundance of Spirulina and Lactobacillus, and decreased the relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Deferobacterium, Prevotella spp. Ga6A1 group, Spirulina spp., and Bacillus foetida. Considering all the above indicators, the addition of 2% buckwheat root powder to the diet of laying ducks under the experimental conditions of this invention yielded the best results.

[0095] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The use of Fagopyrum cymosum Hara root powder in the preparation of a product for improving the quality of eggs of laying ducks, characterized in that, The product is used to improve eggshell strength and eggshell ratio.

2. Use according to claim 1, wherein The product is used to increase the content of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine and leucine in egg yolks; The product is used to increase the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in egg yolks and reduce the content of saturated fatty acids in egg yolks.

3. The use of F. esculenta root powder in the preparation of a product for improving the intestinal health of laying ducks, characterized in that, The product is used to improve the activity of maltase in the jejunal mucosa of laying ducks; The product is used to improve the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in laying ducks; the product is used to increase the relative abundance of Spirulina and decrease the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Deferobacterium; the product is used to increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decrease the relative abundance of Prevotella Ga6A1 group, Spirulina musziii and Bacillus flavus.

4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The products include feed additives.

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