An automatic punching and shrinking machine

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatic punching and shrinking machine, relating to the field of shrinking equipment technology, including a frame body; a feeding machine with a feeding function is arranged on the left side of the frame body; a material blocking component for adjusting the position of the material tube is fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body by bolts. By integrating the feeding machine, belt drive component, material blocking component and blocking component, the fully automatic conveying and precise positioning of the tube is realized. The blocking component adopts the electromagnetic drive principle. By alternately energizing the first C-shaped coil ring and the second C-shaped coil ring, the tilting plate is quickly raised, stopped and reset and released. Combined with magnetic field adsorption, the tube positioning is ensured to be stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of head-shrinking equipment technology, specifically an automatic punching and head-shrinking machine. Background Technology

[0002] In precision industrial fields such as refrigeration, medical, and aerospace, the end-diameter reduction and punching of thin-walled metal tubes are key processes. Existing technologies mostly employ traditional mechanical stamping or spinning methods, which have significant limitations: First, relying on mechanical stops or manual positioning results in insufficient precision, easily leading to eccentric forces during tube processing, causing defects such as wrinkles and cracks, severely affecting yield and reliability. Second, the processing has a low level of intelligence, unable to flexibly control the forming radial force in real time, and lacks active thermal management, as the heat generated by plastic deformation can alter material properties. Finally, the automation modules have poor coordination, and traditional pneumatic or mechanical interception mechanisms are slow to respond and prone to impact, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-speed, high-precision modern production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides an automatic punching and shrinking machine.

[0004] This invention is implemented as follows: an automatic punching and shrinking machine is constructed, comprising a frame body; a feeding machine with a feeding function is arranged on the left side of the frame body; a material blocking component with a function of adjusting the position of the material tube is fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body by bolts; a tube positioning component is fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body by bolts, and a worktable is arranged on the right side of the frame body; an X-axis displacement component with an adjustment function is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable by bolts; a Y-axis displacement component with an adjustment function is arranged on the top of the X-axis displacement component; a shrinking component is fixedly installed on the top of the Y-axis displacement component, and a shrinking disc is rotatably arranged on the top side of the shrinking component.

[0005] Preferably, the tube positioning assembly includes a belt drive assembly fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body; the belt drive assembly specifically includes a servo motor fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body by bolts, two sets of pulleys arranged front and rear on the driving end of the servo motor shaft, and a belt arranged on the pulleys; a fixing frame is provided between the two sets of pulleys of the belt drive assembly, and the fixing frame is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable; a drive motor with driving function is fixedly installed on the left end of the fixing frame by bolts; a lead screw is fixedly installed on the right end of the drive motor drive shaft, and an electromagnetic collar is threaded on the outer side of the lead screw, the electromagnetic collar specifically consisting of an outer ring formed by a coil and a screw hole sleeve rotating in the inner hole of the outer ring; the electromagnetic collar is rotatably arranged in the through hole inside the displacement frame, and a blocking assembly with a material blocking function is provided on the top of the displacement frame.

[0006] Preferably, the blocking assembly includes an isolation box that is bolted to the top center of the displacement frame; a single controller is bolted to the top of the isolation box, and a first C-shaped coil ring is provided on both the front and rear sides of the isolation box; a cast iron plate is provided at the side opening of the first C-shaped coil ring, and a connecting sleeve shaft is rotatably provided inside the first C-shaped coil ring; the cast iron plate is inserted and fixedly installed on the side of the connecting sleeve shaft; a flip plate is fixedly installed at the front and rear ends of the connecting sleeve shaft, and a second C-shaped coil ring is fixedly installed in the groove on the left side of the flip plate, and the second C-shaped coil ring is fixedly connected to the single controller via a cable.

[0007] Preferably, both the X-axis displacement component and the Y-axis displacement component are composed of a cylinder and a slide rail, and the displacement angles of the X-axis displacement component and the Y-axis displacement component are perpendicular to each other.

[0008] Preferably, the head reduction assembly includes a mounting frame that slides on the slide rail of the Y-axis displacement assembly; a servo motor with driving function is fixedly installed at the front end of the mounting frame by bolts, and a drive gear is fixedly installed at the end of the transmission shaft of the servo motor; a gear disk is meshed and driven on the side of the drive gear, and a rotary joint is inserted and fixedly installed in the through hole at the center of the gear disk; the gear disk is fixedly installed on the side of the rotating base plate, and the side of the rotating base plate is provided with a circular groove with a diameter ratio of :; an external cylinder and an internal component are fixedly installed in the circular groove on the side of the rotating base plate respectively; three sets of external air rings are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the outer side of the external cylinder, and the rotating base plate is connected to the external air rings via connecting pipes.

[0009] Preferably, three sets of air holes are equidistantly arranged on the wall of the external cylinder, and the inner side of the external air ring is inserted and fixed to the outer side of the air hole of the external cylinder; a first rubber column is inserted and fixed to the inner side of the air hole of the external cylinder; the first rubber column is fixedly arranged on the outer arc surface of the first extrusion arc plate, and an external liquid bladder is fixedly arranged on the inner arc surface of the first extrusion arc plate.

[0010] Preferably, the built-in component includes a built-in cylinder fixedly installed on the side of the rotating base plate; a rotary joint is inserted and fixedly installed on the side of the built-in cylinder, and a second rubber column is slidably disposed in the air hole of the cylinder wall; the second rubber column is fixedly installed on the inner arc surface of the second extrusion arc plate, and a built-in liquid bladder is fixedly disposed on the outer arc surface of the second extrusion arc plate.

[0011] Preferably, both the external and internal liquid bladders use microcapsules to encapsulate phase change materials, and both the liquid bladders and microcapsules of the external and internal liquid bladders are made of cross-linked melamine-formaldehyde resin and its composite variants.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning sensor is fixedly installed on the side of the head plate by bolts, and a sensor with positioning function that cooperates with the positioning sensor is provided on the side of the displacement frame.

[0013] Preferably, the pipe positioning assembly is further provided with a liquid guiding pipe for standardized control, and the liquid guiding pipe has a hollow internal structure. A valve and a pipe are provided on the bottom side of the liquid guiding pipe to form a flow channel for the heat exchange liquid.

[0014] A method for using an automatic punching and shrinking machine includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, Preparation and Shaping: Position the liquid guide tube and connect it to the shrinking assembly. After connecting the external heat exchange equipment, use air pressure control to make the external liquid bladder and the internal liquid bladder fit tightly against the tube head. Change the pipe wall thickness data between the external liquid bladder and the internal liquid bladder to achieve uniform force and intelligent temperature control.

[0016] Step 2, Loading and Preliminary Positioning: The pipes are conveyed by the loading machine, and then organized by the belt drive assembly and the baffle assembly to ensure that they enter the processing area in an orderly manner;

[0017] Step 3, Precise delivery and positioning: After the positioning sensor detects the position of the pipe, the magnetic field controls the blocking component to position it, and then the lead screw pushes the displacement frame to precisely move the pipe to the processing position, and fine-tunes to achieve axial centering;

[0018] Step 4, necking and punching: The servo motor drives the drive gear and gear disk to rotate the external cylinder and the internal components, and the tube end is spun into a neck or punched under the cooperation of axial displacement.

[0019] Step 5, Processing Completion and Reset: The magnetic field is cut off to remove the obstruction, the Y-axis displacement component drives the head reduction component to reset, and the finished product is conveyed to the next process via the belt drive component.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides an automatic punching and shrinking machine, which, compared with similar equipment, has the following improvements:

[0021] The automatic punching and shrinking machine of this invention achieves fully automatic conveying and precise positioning of pipes by integrating a feeding machine, belt drive assembly, material blocking assembly, and blocking assembly. The blocking assembly adopts the electromagnetic drive principle, and through the alternating energization of the first C-shaped coil ring and the second C-shaped coil ring, it quickly realizes the standing up, stopping, and resetting release of the flipping plate. Combined with magnetic field adsorption, it ensures stable positioning of the pipe. During the shrinking process, the X and Y axis displacement assemblies and the shrinking assembly are coordinated to ensure precise alignment between the shrinking plate and the pipe axis. At the same time, the external air ring, the internal cylinder push the rubber column to squeeze the liquid bladder and the heat exchange liquid circulation system to achieve uniform control and intelligent thermal management of the radial force during the spin compression or punching of the pipe end, effectively improving processing accuracy and process consistency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the tube positioning assembly of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the barrier component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the head-shrinking assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the head-shrinking assembly and head-shrinking disc structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the head-shrinking assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is the invention Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0029] The components include: frame body-1, feeding machine-2, material blocking assembly-3, tube positioning assembly-4, worktable-5, X-axis displacement assembly-6, Y-axis displacement assembly-7, head reduction assembly-8, head reduction disc-9, belt drive assembly-41, fixing frame-42, drive motor-43, lead screw-44, electromagnetic collar-45, displacement frame-46, blocking assembly-47, isolation box-471, individual controller-472, first C-shaped coil ring-473, cast iron plate-474, integrated sleeve shaft-475, and flipping mechanism. Plate-476, Second C-shaped coil ring-477, Placement rack-81, Servo motor-82, Drive gear-83, Gear disk-84, Rotary joint-85, Rotary base plate-86, External cylinder-87, External air ring-88, Internal component-89, First rubber column-881, First extrusion arc plate-882, External liquid bladder-883, Internal cylinder-891, Second rubber column-892, Second extrusion arc plate-893, Internal liquid bladder-894, Positioning sensor-91, Liquid guiding tube-10. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-7 The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is described more specifically in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The embodiments of this invention will now be described according to its overall structure.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] Please see Figures 1-7 An automatic punching and shrinking machine of the present invention includes a frame body 1; a feeding machine 2 with feeding function is arranged on the left side of the frame body 1; a material blocking component 3 with adjusting material tube position is fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body 1 by bolts; a tube positioning component 4 with bolts is fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body 1, and a worktable 5 is arranged on the right side of the frame body 1; an X-axis displacement component 6 with adjusting function is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable 5 by bolts; a Y-axis displacement component 7 with adjusting function is arranged on the top of the X-axis displacement component 6; a shrinking component 8 is fixedly installed on the top of the displacement component of the Y-axis displacement component 7, and a shrinking disc 9 is rotatably arranged on the top side of the shrinking component 8.

[0035] The pipe positioning assembly 4 includes a belt drive assembly 41 fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body 1. The belt drive assembly 41 specifically includes a servo motor fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body 1 by bolts, two sets of pulleys arranged in front and behind on the driving end of the servo motor shaft, and a belt arranged on the pulleys. A fixing frame 42 is provided between the two sets of pulleys of the belt drive assembly 41, and the fixing frame 42 is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable 5. A drive motor 43 with driving function is fixedly installed on the left end of the fixing frame 42 by bolts. A lead screw 44 is fixedly installed on the right end of the drive shaft of the drive motor 43, and an electromagnetic collar 45 is provided on the outer thread of the lead screw 44. The electromagnetic collar 45 is specifically composed of an outer ring formed by a coil and a screw hole sleeve rotating in the inner hole of the outer ring. The electromagnetic collar 45 is rotatably arranged in the through hole inside the displacement frame 46, and a blocking assembly 47 with material blocking function is provided on the top of the displacement frame 46.

[0036] The blocking assembly 47 includes an isolation box 471 that is bolted to the top center of the displacement frame 46; a single controller 472 is bolted to the top of the isolation box 471, and a first C-shaped coil ring 473 is provided on both the front and rear sides of the isolation box 471; a cast iron plate 474 is provided at the side opening of the first C-shaped coil ring 473, and a connecting sleeve shaft 475 is rotatably provided inside the first C-shaped coil ring 473; the cast iron plate 474 is inserted and fixedly installed on the side of the connecting sleeve shaft 475; a flip plate 476 is fixedly installed at the front and rear ends of the connecting sleeve shaft 475, and a second C-shaped coil ring 477 is fixedly installed in the groove on the left side of the flip plate 476, and the second C-shaped coil ring 477 is fixedly connected to the single controller 472 through a cable.

[0037] Both the X-axis displacement assembly 6 and the Y-axis displacement assembly 7 are composed of cylinders and slide rails, and the displacement angles of the X-axis displacement assembly 6 and the Y-axis displacement assembly 7 are perpendicular to each other.

[0038] A positioning sensor 91 is fixedly installed on the side of the head plate 9 by bolts, and a sensor with positioning function that cooperates with the positioning sensor 91 is provided on the side of the displacement frame 46.

[0039] The pipe positioning assembly 4 is also equipped with a liquid guiding pipe 10 for standardized control. The liquid guiding pipe 10 has a hollow structure inside. Valves and pipes are provided on the bottom side of the liquid guiding pipe 10 to form a flow channel for the heat exchange liquid.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] Please see Figures 1-7The present invention provides an automatic punching and shrinking machine. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes: a shrinking assembly 8 comprising a placement frame 81 sliding on a slide rail of a Y-axis displacement assembly 7; a servo motor 82 with driving function is fixedly installed at the front end of the placement frame 81 by bolts, and a drive gear 83 is fixedly installed at the end of the transmission shaft of the servo motor 82; a gear disk 84 is meshed and driven on the side of the drive gear 83, and a rotary joint 85 is inserted and fixedly installed in the through hole at the center of the gear disk 84; the gear disk 84 is fixedly installed on the side of a rotating base plate 86, and a circular groove with a diameter ratio of 1:3 is provided on the side of the rotating base plate 86; an external cylinder 87 and an internal component 89 are fixedly installed in the circular groove on the side of the rotating base plate 86 respectively; three sets of external air rings 88 are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the outer side of the external cylinder 87, and the rotating base plate 86 is connected to the external air rings 88 via connecting pipes.

[0042] Three sets of air holes are equidistantly arranged on the wall of the outer cylinder 87, and the inner side of the outer air ring 88 is inserted and fixed to the outer side of the air hole of the outer cylinder 87; a first rubber column 881 is inserted and fixed to the inner side of the air hole of the outer cylinder 87; the first rubber column 881 is fixedly arranged on the outer arc surface of the first extrusion arc plate 882, and an outer liquid bladder 883 is fixedly arranged on the inner arc surface of the first extrusion arc plate 882.

[0043] The built-in component 89 includes a built-in cylinder 891 fixedly installed on the side of the rotating base plate 86; a rotary joint 85 is fixedly installed on the side of the built-in cylinder 891, and a second rubber column 892 is slidably disposed in the air hole of the cylinder wall of the built-in cylinder 891; the second rubber column 892 is fixedly installed on the inner arc surface of the second extrusion arc plate 893, and a built-in liquid bladder 894 is fixedly disposed on the outer arc surface of the second extrusion arc plate 893.

[0044] Both the external liquid bladder 883 and the internal liquid bladder 894 use microcapsules to encapsulate phase change materials inside the liquid bladder, and both the liquid bladder and the microcapsules of the external liquid bladder 883 and the internal liquid bladder 894 use cross-linked melamine-formaldehyde resin and its composite variant materials.

[0045] The working principle of an automatic punching and shrinking machine based on the above is as follows:

[0046] First, when using this device, place it in the work area, and then connect it to an external power source to provide the power required for its operation.

[0047] Second, the liquid guiding pipe 10 is placed in the pipe positioning assembly 4, and with the cooperation of the X-axis displacement assembly 6 and the Y-axis displacement assembly 7, the liquid guiding pipe 10 is connected to the head reduction assembly 8, and connected to the external heat exchange equipment through the valve and pipe set on the bottom side of the liquid guiding pipe 10; since the pipe head size on both sides of the liquid guiding pipe 10 is machined into a standard gear for standardized processing, the pipe head on the side of the liquid guiding pipe 10 is squeezed against the external liquid bladder 883 and the internal liquid bladder 894, and then the gas is forced into the external gas ring 88 and the internal cylinder 891 through the rotary joint 85 to increase the pressure, and then the first rubber column is pushed by the air pressure. 881 and the second rubber column 892 respectively push the first extrusion arc plate 882 and the second extrusion arc plate 893 to extrude the external liquid bladder 883 and the internal liquid bladder 894. Then, the heat exchange liquid for heat conduction enters the interior of the liquid guide pipe 10 through the valve and pipe on the bottom side of the liquid guide pipe 10 and exchanges heat with the external liquid bladder 883 and the internal liquid bladder 894. This causes the temperature of the phase change material inside the external liquid bladder 883 and the internal liquid bladder 894 to rise first and then fall, so that the external liquid bladder 883 and the internal liquid bladder 894 can fully adhere to the side pipe head of the liquid guide pipe 10. This realizes the uniform and controllable radial force and intelligent thermal management during the head reduction process.

[0048] Third, the pipes to be processed are sequentially fed into the equipment via the feeding machine 2 on the left side of the main frame 1. The belt drive assembly 41 starts, and its servo motor drives the pulleys and belts to form a continuous conveyor line, transporting the pipes from the left to the working area on the right. The blocking assembly 3 provides initial guidance and arrangement for the pipes, ensuring their orderly entry into the processing area. When the pipes are transported to the front of the blocking assembly 47, the sensor on the displacement frame 46 and the positioning sensor 91 perform position sensing, pausing the conveying for precise positioning. After receiving the pipe arrival signal, the unit controller 472 energizes the second C-shaped coil ring 477, generating a strong magnetic field. Simultaneously, the first C-shaped coil ring 473 is energized, generating a magnetic field that drives the cast iron plate 474 to move rapidly towards the opening of the coil ring. Since the cast iron plate 474 is fixed to the connecting sleeve shaft 475, it causes the connecting sleeve shaft 475 to rotate, causing the flipping plates 476 fixed at both ends to quickly stand up, accurately stopping and passing through the second C-shaped coil ring. The magnetic field of the coil ring 477 attracts and positions the tube; then, the drive motor 43 drives the lead screw 44, and with the special design of the electromagnetic collar 45, the outer ring of the electromagnetic collar 45 generates a magnetic field after being energized, locking the internal screw hole sleeve and displacement frame 46, so that the rotating lead screw displacement frame 46 interacts with the fixed electromagnetic collar 45, converting it into linear motion, thereby pushing the entire displacement frame 46 and its blocking component 47 to move synchronously to the right along the fixed frame 42, accurately pushing the tube to the processing station below the shrinking head component 8; with the fine adjustment action of the X-axis displacement component 6 and the Y-axis displacement component 7, the axis of the shrinking head plate 9 is ensured to be completely aligned with the axis of the tube; by controlling the start of the servo motor 82, the drive gear 83 drives the gear disk 84 and the rotating base plate 86 to rotate synchronously; the external cylinder 87 and the internal component 89 fixed on the rotating base plate 86 rotate together, and with the displacement adjustment of the X-axis displacement component 6, the end of the tube is spun to compress the opening or punched;

[0049] Fourth, when the pipe needs to be released, the unit controller cuts off the current to the first C-shaped coil ring, and the magnetic field disappears; at the same time, it energizes the second C-shaped coil ring 477, and the reverse magnetic field or pulling force generated by it will assist the flip plate to quickly reset and fall down according to the winding direction, thus releasing the obstruction to the pipe; then the Y-axis displacement component 7 drives the shrinking head component 8 and shrinking head plate 9 to reset, ready for the next work cycle, and the processed pipe is transmitted to the next process by the belt drive component 41.

[0050] This invention provides an improved automatic punching and shrinking machine. By integrating a feeder 2, a belt drive assembly 41, a baffle assembly 3, and a blocking assembly 47, it achieves fully automatic conveying and precise positioning of the pipe. The blocking assembly 47 adopts the electromagnetic drive principle. Through the alternating energization of the first C-shaped coil ring and the second C-shaped coil ring, it quickly realizes the standing up, stopping, and resetting release of the flipping plate. Combined with magnetic field adsorption, it ensures stable positioning of the pipe. During the shrinking process, the X-axis displacement assembly 6 and the Y-axis displacement assembly 7 are coordinated with the shrinking assembly 8 to ensure precise alignment between the shrinking plate 9 and the pipe axis. At the same time, the external air ring 88 and the internal cylinder 891 drive the rubber column to squeeze the liquid bladder and the heat exchange liquid circulation system to achieve uniform control and intelligent thermal management of the radial force during the shrinking or punching process of the pipe end, effectively improving processing accuracy and process consistency.

[0051] The above description shows and illustrates the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Standard parts used in the present invention can be purchased from the market, and irregular parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts, and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0052] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An automatic punching and shrinking machine, comprising a frame body (1); a feeding machine (2) with feeding function is provided on the left side of the frame body (1); a material blocking component (3) with adjusting material tube position is fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body (1) by bolts; a tube positioning component (4) is fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body (1) by bolts, and a worktable (5) is provided on the right side of the frame body (1); an X-axis displacement component (6) with adjusting function is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable (5) by bolts; a Y-axis displacement component (7) with adjusting function is provided on the top of the X-axis displacement component (6); a shrinking component (8) is fixedly installed on the top of the displacement component of the Y-axis displacement component (7), and a shrinking disc (9) is rotatably provided on the top side of the shrinking component (8); Its features are: The tube positioning assembly (4) includes a belt drive assembly (41) fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body (1); the belt drive assembly (41) specifically includes a servo motor fixedly installed on the top left side of the frame body (1) by bolts, two sets of pulleys arranged in front and behind on the driving end of the servo motor shaft, and a belt arranged on the pulleys; a fixing frame (42) is provided between the two sets of pulleys of the belt drive assembly (41), and the fixing frame (42) is fixedly installed on the top of the workbench (5); a drive motor (43) with driving function is fixedly installed on the left end of the fixing frame (42) by bolts; a lead screw (44) is fixedly installed on the right end of the drive shaft of the drive motor (43), and an electromagnetic collar (45) is provided on the outer thread of the lead screw (44), the electromagnetic collar (45) specifically consists of an outer ring formed by a coil and a screw hole sleeve rotating in the inner hole of the outer ring; the electromagnetic collar (45) is rotatably arranged in the through hole inside the displacement frame (46), and a blocking assembly (47) with material blocking function is provided on the top of the displacement frame (46). The blocking assembly (47) includes an isolation box (471) that is fixedly installed on the top middle side of the displacement frame (46) by bolts; a single controller (472) is fixedly installed on the top of the isolation box (471) by bolts, and a first C-shaped coil ring (473) is provided on both the front and rear sides of the isolation box (471); a cast iron plate (474) is provided at the side opening of the first C-shaped coil ring (473), and a connecting sleeve shaft (475) is rotatably provided inside the first C-shaped coil ring (473); the cast iron plate (474) is inserted and fixedly installed on the side of the connecting sleeve shaft (475); a flip plate (476) is fixedly installed at the front and rear ends of the connecting sleeve shaft (475), and a second C-shaped coil ring (477) is fixedly installed in the groove on the left side of the flip plate (476), and the second C-shaped coil ring (477) is fixedly connected to the single controller (472) by a cable; The X-axis displacement assembly (6) and the Y-axis displacement assembly (7) are both composed of a cylinder and a slide rail, and the displacement angles of the X-axis displacement assembly (6) and the Y-axis displacement assembly (7) are perpendicular to each other. The head-shrinking assembly (8) includes a mounting frame (81) that slides on the slide rail of the Y-axis displacement assembly (7); a servo motor (82) with driving function is fixedly installed at the front end of the mounting frame (81) by bolts, and an active gear (83) is fixedly installed at the end of the transmission shaft of the servo motor (82); a gear disk (84) is meshed and driven on the side of the active gear (83), and a rotary joint (85) is fixedly installed in the through hole at the center of the gear disk (84); the gear disk (84) is fixedly installed on the side of the rotating base plate (86), and a circular groove with a diameter ratio of 1:3 is provided on the side of the rotating base plate (86); an external cylinder (87) and an internal component (89) are fixedly installed in the circular groove on the side of the rotating base plate (86); three sets of external air rings (88) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the outer side of the external cylinder (87), and the rotating base plate (86) is connected to the external air rings (88) via a connecting pipe; The outer cylinder (87) has three sets of air holes equidistantly arranged on its wall, and the inner side of the outer air ring (88) is inserted and fixed to the outer side of the air hole of the outer cylinder (87); a first rubber column (881) is inserted and fixed to the inner side of the air hole of the outer cylinder (87); the first rubber column (881) is fixedly arranged on the outer arc surface of the first extrusion arc plate (882), and an outer liquid bladder (883) is fixedly arranged on the inner arc surface of the first extrusion arc plate (882). The built-in component (89) includes a built-in cylinder (891) fixedly installed on the side of the rotating base plate (86); a rotary joint (85) is inserted and fixedly installed on the side of the built-in cylinder (891), and a second rubber column (892) is slidably arranged in the air hole of the cylinder wall of the built-in cylinder (891); the second rubber column (892) is fixedly installed on the inner arc surface of the second extrusion arc plate (893), and a built-in liquid bladder (894) is fixedly arranged on the outer arc surface of the second extrusion arc plate (893).

2. The automatic punching and shrinking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid bladders of both the external liquid bladder (883) and the internal liquid bladder (894) are made of microcapsules encapsulating phase change materials, and both the liquid bladders and microcapsules of the external liquid bladder (883) and the internal liquid bladder (894) are made of cross-linked melamine-formaldehyde resin and its composite variant materials.

3. The automatic punching and shrinking machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side of the head plate (9) is fixedly mounted with a positioning sensor (91) by bolts, and the side of the displacement frame (46) is provided with a sensor that cooperates with the positioning sensor (91) for positioning.

4. The automatic punching and shrinking machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pipe positioning assembly (4) is also provided with a liquid guiding pipe (10) for standardized control, and the liquid guiding pipe (10) has a hollow structure inside. Valves and pipes are provided on the bottom side of the liquid guiding pipe (10) to form a flow channel for heat exchange liquid.

5. A method of using an automatic punching and shrinking machine, for implementing the automatic punching and shrinking machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparation and shaping: Position the liquid guide pipe (10) and connect it to the shrinking assembly (8). After connecting the external heat exchange equipment, use air pressure control to make the external liquid bladder (883) and the internal liquid bladder (894) fit tightly against the pipe head. Change the pipe wall thickness data between the external liquid bladder (883) and the internal liquid bladder (894) to achieve uniform force and intelligent temperature control. Step 2, feeding and preliminary positioning: The pipe is conveyed by the feeding machine (2), and sorted by the belt drive assembly (41) and the baffle assembly (3) to ensure that it enters the processing area in an orderly manner; Step 3, Precise delivery and positioning: After the positioning sensor (91) detects the position of the pipe, it is positioned by the magnetic field control blocking component (47), and then the lead screw (44) pushes the displacement frame (46) to precisely move the pipe to the processing position, and achieves axial centering through fine adjustment; Step 4, necking and punching: The servo motor (82) drives the drive gear (83) and gear disk (84) to rotate the external cylinder (87) and the internal component (89), and completes the necking or punching of the tube end under the cooperation of axial displacement. Step 5, Processing completion and reset: The magnetic field is cut off to remove the obstruction, the Y-axis displacement component (7) drives the head shrinking component (8) to reset, and the finished product is conveyed to the next process via the belt drive component (41).

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