The invention relates to a processing method and technological equipment for a cylindrical thin and long thin-walled workpiece, which comprises positioning technological equipment and aligning technological equipment, wherein the positioning technological equipment consists of a connecting cylinder, a connecting flange, a positioning cylinder, a compression block, a compression screw, a stop nut and a connection screw; and the aligning technological equipment consists of an aligning technological equipment bottom plate, a bearing pedestal, a core shaft and a ball bearing. The processing method of the invention comprises a processing method suitable for manual operation of ordinary lathe and a processing method for operation of a hydraulic clamping center rest. The invention has the advantages that the deformation of the cylindrical thin and long thin-walled workpiece brought by clamping can be effectively reduced, the influence of workpiece clamping force on the workpiece processing precision is reduced, the processing quality is improved, the processing procedure is simplified, the processing time is shortened, the processing efficiency is improved, the high-quality product rate reaches 100%, the cost is saved at the same time, and the effect in batch production is more obvious.