Preparation method and application of liquid organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a liquid organic fertilizer. According to the liquid organic fertilizer provided by the invention, waste resources are fully utilized, and the prepared liquid organic fertilizer is high in nutritional value and easy to absorb. Results of the embodiment show that when the liquid organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention is applied, flower and fruit retention can be effectively promoted, and the crop yield can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of liquid organic fertilizer and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the extensive use of chemical fertilizers has increased crop yields, but has also caused a series of ecological and environmental problems such as soil compaction, salinization, and eutrophication of water bodies. Long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers has also led to a decline in crop quality and reduced stress resistance. Fertilization methods such as broadcasting and furrow application are easily affected by factors such as leaching, runoff, and erosion, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rates and easily leading to soil fertility overload, causing environmental pollution. Conventional organic fertilizers or bio-organic fertilizers have significant advantages in terms of continuous fertilizer supply, improving soil structure, enhancing soil water and fertilizer retention, and enhancing crop disease and pest resistance. However, their fertilizer effect is slow, especially for trace elements.

[0003] As a new type of efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer has a faster fertilizer effect and a high utilization rate compared to traditional solid organic fertilizers, especially trace element fertilizers with significant fertilizer effect. It is easy to apply and can be applied by spraying, drip irrigation, etc. It can be combined with irrigation systems and is widely used in water and fertilizer integration. It helps agricultural production and management achieve goals such as cost reduction and efficiency improvement, energy conservation and environmental protection, and green production. However, existing liquid organic fertilizer preparation technologies still have many shortcomings: most of them use a single livestock and poultry manure as raw material, resulting in an unbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio and a lack of trace elements and active substances; the microbial strains have low activity and a long fermentation cycle during the fermentation process, which affects production efficiency; some methods have difficulty in effectively degrading macromolecular substances in the raw materials, resulting in easy precipitation of fertilizer liquid and clogging of irrigation equipment. In addition, traditional preparation methods have defects in deodorization and harmless treatment, and are prone to secondary pollution to the environment during the production process.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the problems of unbalanced raw material ratio, low fermentation efficiency, poor fertilizer liquid stability and high environmental risks of existing liquid organic fertilizers, it is urgent to provide a preparation method of liquid organic fertilizer to achieve liquid organic fertilizer with balanced nutrients and high activity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer. The liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention adopts cake residue left over from oil production, fully utilizes waste resources, has high nutritional value, is easy to absorb, and increases crop yield.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a liquid organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: crushing the cake raw material to obtain cake residue powder;

[0009] Select the sieve for filtration, the specification of the sieve is 120 mesh;

[0010] S2: mixing the cake residue powder obtained in step S1 with water, and adding EM bacteria starter to obtain an initial fermentation liquid;

[0011] S3: pouring the initial fermentation liquid obtained in step S2 into a fermentation tank, stirring, and performing aerobic fermentation;

[0012] S4: Filter the fermentation liquid after the fermentation in step S3 to obtain liquid organic fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, the mass percentage of the mixture of cake residue and water in step S2 is 1:(50-100).

[0014] Preferably, the type of water in step S2 is domestic sewage, fecal water, rainwater or tap water.

[0015] Preferably, the EM bacteria fermentation agent described in step S3 includes Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, and the effective viable count of the EM bacteria fermentation agent is greater than 1 billion / g; and the usage amount of the EM bacteria fermentation agent is 1-2%.

[0016] Preferably, the fermentation temperature in step S3 is 20-38° C., and the fermentation time is 30-60 days.

[0017] Preferably, the frequency of stirring in step S3 is 3 to 4 times per week.

[0018] The present invention also provides a fermentation tank suitable for the above-mentioned preparation method, wherein the fermentation tank comprises:

[0019] A detachable cover (2) is arranged above the tank body;

[0020] An exhaust port (1), wherein the exhaust port (1) is provided in the middle of the cover body (2);

[0021] A maximum liquid level line (3), the maximum liquid level line (3) being marked inside the tank body;

[0022] a drain valve (5), the drain valve (5) being arranged at the bottom of the tank;

[0023] a liquid fertilizer outlet (6), wherein the liquid fertilizer outlet (6) is connected to the drain valve (5);

[0024] a filter screen (4), the filter screen (4) being arranged inside the drain valve (5);

[0025] Casters (7), the casters (7) are installed on the bottom of the tank body.

[0026] Preferably, the volume of the fermentation tank is ≥100L.

[0027] Preferably, the height corresponding to the highest liquid level line (3) is not less than 1 m.

[0028] The present invention also provides the use of the liquid organic fertilizer prepared according to the above-mentioned preparation method in increasing crop or fruit yield or improving soil.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The preparation method provided by the present invention makes full use of waste resources, so that the cake and dregs left over from oil processing can be recycled.

[0031] (2) Compared with traditional organic fertilizers, the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention contains all available nutrients, which are comprehensive and balanced and can be quickly absorbed by plants.

[0032] The liquid organic fertilizer provided by the present invention is easy to apply, and its nutritional value is easily absorbed by crops, with high fertilizer utilization rate, thus promoting the preservation of flowers and fruits and increasing crop yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing liquid organic fertilizer.

[0035] Figure 2 This is the main view of the fermentation tank. Among them: (1) vent, (2) lid, (3) highest liquid level, (4) filter, (5) drain valve, (6) liquid fertilizer outlet, (7) casters; the right picture is a partial enlarged view of the (4) filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer. Figure 1 As shown, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1: crushing the cake raw material to obtain cake residue powder;

[0038] Cake residue is preferably rapeseed cake residue or tea cake residue;

[0039] S2: mixing the cake residue obtained in step S1 with water, and adding EM bacteria starter to obtain an initial fermentation liquid;

[0040] S3: pouring the initial fermentation liquid obtained in step S2 into a fermentation tank and stirring to perform aerobic fermentation;

[0041] S4: Filter the fermentation liquid after the fermentation in step S3 to obtain liquid organic fertilizer.

[0042] Preferably, the mass percentage of the cake residue and water mixed in step S2 is 1:(50-100), preferably 1:50.

[0043] Preferably, the type of water in step S2 is domestic sewage, fecal water, rainwater or tap water, preferably domestic sewage or fecal water, and more preferably fecal water.

[0044] Preferably, the EM bacteria fermentation agent described in step S3 includes Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, and the effective viable count of the EM bacteria fermentation agent is greater than 1 billion / g; the usage amount of the EM bacteria fermentation agent is 1-2%; the usage amount of the EM bacteria fermentation agent is preferably 1.6%.

[0045] Preferably, the fermentation temperature in step S3 is 20-38° C., and the fermentation time is 30-60 days; preferably, the fermentation temperature is 30° C., and the time is preferably 30 days.

[0046] Preferably, the stirring frequency in step S3 is 3 to 6 times per week, and preferably the stirring frequency is 5 times per week.

[0047] The present invention also provides a fermentation tank suitable for the above-mentioned preparation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fermentation tank includes:

[0048] A detachable cover (2) is arranged above the tank body;

[0049] An exhaust port (1), wherein the exhaust port (1) is provided in the middle of the cover body (2);

[0050] A maximum liquid level line (3), the maximum liquid level line (3) being marked inside the tank body;

[0051] a drain valve (5), the drain valve (5) being arranged at the bottom of the tank;

[0052] a liquid fertilizer outlet (6), wherein the liquid fertilizer outlet (6) is connected to the drain valve (5);

[0053] a filter screen (4), the filter screen (4) being arranged inside the drain valve (5);

[0054] Casters (7), the casters (7) are installed on the bottom of the tank body.

[0055] Preferably, the volume of the fermentation tank is ≥100L.

[0056] Preferably, the height corresponding to the highest liquid level line (3) is not less than 1m, preferably 1-3m, and more preferably 1.5m.

[0057] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared according to the above-mentioned preparation method is used to increase crop or fruit yield or improve soil.

[0058] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the method provided by the present invention has the following nutrient contents: pH value 4.54-9.17, organic matter 20-32%, total content of macroelement NPK of 0.4-5.2%, nitrogen mass percentage of 0.01-4.5%, phosphorus mass percentage of 0.001-0.7%, potassium mass percentage of 0.1-2.4%; total content of trace elements (copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum) of 0.1-3.2%; free amino acid content of 5.0-23.2%; and humic acid content of 9.0-11.5%.

[0059] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] The production processes, experimental methods or detection methods involved in the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the prior art, and their names and / or abbreviations are conventional names in the art, and are very clear and unambiguous in the relevant fields of use. Those skilled in the art can understand the conventional process steps and apply the corresponding equipment according to the names, and implement them according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various instruments, equipment, raw materials or reagents used in the embodiments of the present invention are not particularly limited in source, are conventional products that can be purchased through regular commercial channels, and can also be prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0061] Example 1 A method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer

[0062] Camellia oleifera cake residue as raw material

[0063] Crush the camellia seed cake and pass it through a 120-mesh sieve. Mix the camellia seed cake powder and tap water evenly at a mass ratio of 1:50. Add 1% EM bacteria starter to the fermentation liquid to obtain an initial fermentation liquid. Pour the mixed fermentation liquid into the Figure 2 Fermentation is carried out in the fermentation tank shown, with a temperature of 30°C, a fermentation time of 30 days, a maximum liquid level of 1.5m, and regular stirring 5 times a week during the fermentation process. After the fermentation is completed, it is filtered with gauze, and the filtrate is liquid organic fertilizer.

[0064] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 has a nutrient content of pH 4.54, 29.8% organic matter, 0.073% nitrogen, 0.066% phosphorus, 0.2% potassium, and 2.15% total trace element content, wherein boron is not detected, copper 0.148mg / L, iron 1.78mg / L, manganese 8.31mg / L, zinc 1.43mg / L, and molybdenum are not detected, 9.88% humic acid, and 14.0% free amino acids.

[0065] Example 2 A method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer

[0066] Rapeseed cake residue as raw material

[0067] Crush the rapeseed cake and pass it through a 120-mesh sieve. Mix the rapeseed cake and tap water evenly at a mass ratio of 1:100. Add 1% EM bacteria starter to the fermentation liquid to obtain an initial fermentation liquid. Pour the mixed fermentation liquid into the Figure 2 Fermentation is carried out in the fermentation tank shown, with a temperature of 20°C, a fermentation time of 40 days, a maximum liquid level of 1m, and regular stirring 5 times a week during the fermentation process. After the fermentation is completed, it is filtered with gauze, and the filtrate is liquid organic fertilizer.

[0068] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was tested, and the nutrient content was as follows: pH 8.06, organic matter 24.88%, nitrogen 0.33%, phosphorus 0.062%, potassium 0.1%, total trace element content 0.1%, copper not detected, iron 0.7 mg / L, manganese 0.03 mg / L, zinc 0.31 mg / L, boron not detected, molybdenum not detected, humic acid 10.8%, and free amino acid 9.0%.

[0069] Example 3 Preparation method of liquid organic fertilizer

[0070] Using feces as fermentation liquid

[0071] Crush the rapeseed cake residue and pass it through a 120-mesh sieve. Mix the tea cake and manure water evenly, with a mass percentage of 1:100, and add 1% EM bacteria fermentation agent to the fermentation liquid to obtain an initial fermentation liquid. Pour the mixed fermentation liquid into the fermentation tank and pour in the following Figure 2 Fermentation is carried out in the fermentation tank shown, with a temperature of 25°C, a fermentation time of 40 days, a maximum liquid level of 2.5m, and regular stirring 5 times a week during the fermentation process. After the fermentation is completed, it is filtered with gauze, and the filtrate is liquid organic fertilizer.

[0072] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was tested, and the nutrient content was as follows: pH 9.14, organic matter 27.61%, nitrogen 0.11%, phosphorus 0.011%, potassium 2.39%, total trace element content 1.53%, of which copper 0.72 mg / L, iron 8.22 mg / L, manganese 0.30 mg / L, zinc 1.46 mg / L, boron 4.08 mg / L, molybdenum 0.54 mg / L, humic acid 10.55%, and free amino acid 5.6%.

[0073] Example 4 Preparation method of liquid organic fertilizer

[0074] The mass percentage of cake residue and water mixture is 1:50

[0075] Crush the camellia seed cake and pass it through a 120-mesh sieve. Mix the camellia seed cake powder and tap water evenly at a mass ratio of 1:50. Add 1% EM bacteria starter to the fermentation liquid to obtain an initial fermentation liquid. Pour the mixed fermentation liquid into the Figure 2 Fermentation is carried out in the fermentation tank shown, with a temperature of 30°C, a fermentation time of 30 days, a maximum liquid level of 1.5m, and regular stirring three times a week during the fermentation process. After the fermentation is completed, it is filtered with gauze, and the filtrate is liquid organic fertilizer.

[0076] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in Example 4 was tested, and the nutrient content of the obtained liquid organic fertilizer was: pH 9.17, organic matter 31.95%, nitrogen 4.5%, phosphorus 0.01%, potassium 0.65%, total trace element content 3.2%, wherein copper 0.085 mg / L, iron 28.70 mg / L, manganese 0.054 mg / L, zinc 2.58 mg / L, boron not detected, molybdenum 0.71 mg / L, humic acid 11.49%, and free amino acids 23.2%.

[0077] Example 5 Application of liquid organic fertilizer in water-fertilizer integrated fertilization

[0078] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was selected and applied to the oil-tea camellia production process as an experimental group; an oil-tea camellia planting area under the same conditions was selected, and the liquid organic fertilizer prepared in the present invention was not applied throughout the entire process. Other planting management measures were kept consistent with the experimental group as a control group. The experimental group was required to perform secondary dilution when applying the liquid organic fertilizer, that is, the liquid fertilizer used for topdressing each time was dissolved in water for the first time in a small container, and then diluted to the required times of liquid in an input fertilizer bucket for complete dissolution.

[0079] During the integrated intelligent fertilization process of tea oil plants, during the spring shoot period, the experimental group applied 2000 times diluted liquid organic fertilizer 1-2 times to promote branch sprouting, as well as drought resistance and fruit preservation.

[0080] During the summer shoot period, the experimental group applied 1500 times diluted liquid organic fertilizer 2-3 times; the control group adopted the conventional management mode. Compared with the control group, the results are shown in Table 1.

[0081] The results in Table 1 show that the average fruit diameter of the fruit grown in the experimental group using the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention increased by 7.41%, and the average single fruit weight increased by 13.72%, showing a significant effect on the enlargement of the camellia fruit. This shows that the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has a significant effect on promoting the development of camellia fruit and storing nutrients for flowering and fruiting.

[0082] Table 1 Effect of liquid organic fertilizer on promoting the expansion of tea fruit

[0083]

[0084] Note: The same letters in the table indicate no significant difference among the treatments (p>0.05), and different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

[0085] After the oil tea fruits were picked, it was the peak flowering period. The experimental group applied 1500 times the solution every 7 days for 3 consecutive times to replenish nutrients to the injured branches in time.

[0086] Since the flowering and fruiting of Camellia oleifera occurred at the same time, the experimental group was treated with liquid organic fertilizer with high trace element content at 1500 times, 800 times, and 600 times dilution during the flowering period, while the control group was treated with conventional treatment. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0087] As can be seen from Table 2, the application of the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can promote flower bud differentiation and pollen tube elongation, increase the flower pollination rate, and increase the fruit setting rate.

[0088] Table 2 Effects of trace nutrient liquid organic fertilizer on pollen quality

[0089]

[0090] Note: The same letters in the table indicate no significant difference among the treatments (p>0.05), and different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

[0091] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer using cake residue provided by the present invention not only fully utilizes the nutrients of forestry production waste, but also avoids the pollution and waste of waste resources to the environment; the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention is nutritionally balanced and has a wide range of applications. It can be widely promoted in agriculture and forestry planting, and can also be targeted according to the nutrients required by crops. In addition, the application method can adopt root irrigation, spraying, water-fertilizer integrated intelligent fertilization method, etc., and the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can also be applied to most vegetables, fruits and other economic forest crops.

[0092] Although the above embodiments have been described in detail, it should be understood that these are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. Other embodiments can be obtained on the basis of the above embodiments without creativity, and these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: crushing the cake raw material to obtain cake residue powder; S2: mixing the cake residue powder obtained in step S1 with water, and adding EM bacteria starter to obtain an initial fermentation liquid; S3: pouring the initial fermentation liquid obtained in step S2 into a fermentation tank, stirring, and performing aerobic fermentation; S4: Filter the fermentation liquid after the aerobic fermentation in step S3 to obtain liquid organic fertilizer.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S2, the mass percentage of the mixture of cake residue and water is 1:(50-100).

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The type of water in step S2 is domestic sewage, fecal water, rainwater or tap water.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The EM bacteria fermentation agent described in step S3 includes Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, and the effective viable bacteria count of the EM bacteria fermentation agent is greater than 1 billion / g; the mass percentage of the EM bacteria fermentation agent is 1-2%.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermentation temperature in step S3 is 20-38° C., and the fermentation time is 30-60 days.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The frequency of stirring in step S3 is 3 to 4 times per week.

7. A fermentation tank suitable for the preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank comprises: A detachable cover (2) is arranged above the tank body; An exhaust port (1), wherein the exhaust port (1) is provided in the middle of the cover body (2); A maximum liquid level line (3), the maximum liquid level line (3) being marked inside the tank body; a drain valve (5), the drain valve (5) being arranged at the bottom of the tank; a liquid fertilizer outlet (6), wherein the liquid fertilizer outlet (6) is connected to the drain valve (5); a filter screen (4), the filter screen (4) being arranged inside the drain valve (5); Casters (7), the casters (7) are installed on the bottom of the tank body.

8. The fermentation tank according to claim 7, characterized in that The volume of the fermentation tank is ≥100L.

9. The fermentation tank according to claim 7, characterized in that The height corresponding to the highest liquid level line (3) is not less than 1m.

10. Use of the liquid organic fertilizer prepared according to the preparation method according to claims 1-6 in increasing crop or fruit yield or improving soil.

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