Method for preparing polyester fabric with color-changing and light-emitting functions based on spiropyrane-naphthalimide structural compound

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a polyester fabric with color-changing and light-emitting functions based on a spiropyrane-naphthalimide structural compound, and belongs to the technical field of polyester dyeing. The stable oil-in-water type liquid disperse dye is prepared from the NA-SP compound by synthesizing the NA-SP and adopting an emulsification-solvent evaporation technology, and the advanced functional polyester fabric integrating efficient photochromism, fluorescence discoloration, excellent reversibility / fatigue resistance and good fastness is successfully prepared by utilizing the NA-SP-based dye and a matched dyeing / post-treatment process. The prepared functional polyester fabric shows obvious double characteristics of photochromism and fluorescence discoloration under ultraviolet irradiation, is high in photoresponse speed, has good reversibility and excellent fatigue resistance, and keeps good color fastness at the same time. A new way is provided for developing multifunctional intelligent textiles, high-technical-content anti-counterfeiting mark textiles, personalized fashion clothing functional textiles and the like, and the method has important application prospects.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of polyester dyeing, and relates to a method for preparing a color-changing and light-emitting functional polyester fabric based on a spiropyran-naphthalimide structural compound. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of living quality, the demand of consumers for clothing and textiles has gradually shifted from basic aesthetics and practicability to functionalization, individualization and intelligentization. Among them, photochromic and light-emitting textiles have become a research and development hotspot due to their unique visual effects and potential intelligent interaction capabilities. Spiropyran compounds, as a classic photochromic material, can undergo reversible isomerization under ultraviolet light irradiation, thereby causing color change, and have shown broad application prospects in the fields of optical sensing, biomedical science and intelligent textiles.

[0003] However, photochromic fabrics prepared based on traditional spiropyran compounds in the prior art face the challenge of single light response signal. Since ordinary spiropyran compounds themselves often have weak fluorescence, most spiropyran photochromic fabrics can only present a change from colorless or light color to a single color, and the change mode is relatively limited, which is difficult to meet the demand of fashion design for rich colors, and also limits its application in light-emitting and color-changing fabrics and multiple anti-counterfeiting fields.

[0004] Naphthalimide compounds have been widely used in the fields of fluorescent dyes and fluorescent probes due to their excellent fluorescent properties, good light stability and adjustable emission wavelength. By cleverly combining the light-emitting properties of naphthalimide with the photochromic properties of spiropyran through molecular design, it is expected to create a new type of light-responsive material that has both functions and complementary properties.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a synthesis method of a spiropyran-naphthalimide fluorescent compound, and prepare a color-changing and light-emitting functional polyester fabric with both color-changing and fluorescent properties, so as to break through the limitations of existing photochromic fabrics and broaden their application in the fields of high-end textiles and intelligent materials, is an urgent problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for preparing a color-changing and light-emitting functional polyester fabric based on a spiropyran-naphthalimide structural compound.

[0007] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by the following technical scheme: a method for preparing a color-changing and light-emitting functional polyester fabric based on a spiropyran-naphthalimide structural compound, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: synthesizing a spiropyran-naphthalimide structural compound NA-SP:

[0009] S1.1: Dissolve 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride and N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine in DMF, and sequentially heat, incubate, react, cool, add water to precipitate, separate the solid and liquid, and dry to obtain the intermediate N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboximide.

[0010] S1.2: Dissolve the intermediate material N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide and ethanolamine in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and sequentially perform heating, TLC monitoring, heat preservation, rotary evaporation, recrystallization, freezing, solid-liquid separation, and drying to obtain the intermediate material N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide;

[0011] S1.3: Reacting the intermediate material N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide and succinic anhydride under reflux conditions. After completion of the reaction, cooling, solid-liquid separation, recrystallization, and drying are sequentially performed to obtain an intermediate material of a naphthalimide derivative compound containing a terminal carboxyl group;

[0012] S1.4: The intermediate material of the naphthalimide derivative compound containing a terminal carboxyl group, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-6-nitrobenzospiropyran, and DCC are dissolved in dichloromethane and reacted in the presence of a DMAP catalyst. After completion of the reaction, a first solid-liquid separation, extraction, dehydration with a desiccant, a second solid-liquid separation, rotary evaporation, recrystallization, freezing, a third solid-liquid separation, and drying are sequentially performed to obtain a NA-SP material containing the compound NA-SP;

[0013] S2: preparing NA-SP based dyes: uniformly mixing NA-SP material, an organic solvent, and an emulsifier and / or stabilizer for an oil phase, and then ultrasonically dissolving the mixture to obtain an oil phase material, wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from dichloroethane, dichloromethane, toluene, and ethyl acetate; the emulsifier for the oil phase is at least one selected from Tween 20 and Tween 80; and the stabilizer is at least one selected from dodecanol and tetradecanol;

[0014] The aqueous phase emulsifier and water are mixed evenly, and ultrasonically dissolved to obtain an aqueous phase material, wherein the aqueous phase emulsifier is at least one of sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween 20, and Tween 80;

[0015] Using a disperser, the oil phase material is added dropwise to the water phase material under stirring. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased and emulsification is performed under ice bath conditions to obtain an oil-in-water disperse dye pre-emulsion;

[0016] The organic solvent is removed from the oil-in-water disperse dye pre-emulsion by rotary evaporation to obtain a NA-SP based dye;

[0017] S3 dyeing: polyester fabrics are dyed with NA-SP based dyes in an acidic dye bath environment under heating and pressure conditions;

[0018] S4 post-treatment: After dyeing, thermal reduction cleaning, water washing and drying operations are carried out in sequence to obtain color-changing and luminous functional polyester fabric; in the thermal reduction cleaning, the reduction cleaning liquid contains sodium hydroxide, hydrosulfite and soap flakes.

[0019] Preferably, in step S1.1, the molar ratio of 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride to N,N-dimethylpropylene diamine is 5:3; during the insulation reaction, the temperature is 110°C;

[0020] In step S1.2, the intermediate material N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide contains N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide:ethanolamine in a molar ratio of 1:4;

[0021] In step S1.3, the molar ratio of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide to succinic anhydride in the intermediate N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide is 2:3.

[0022] In step S1.4, the molar ratio of the naphthaleneimide derivative compound containing a terminal carboxyl group: 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-6-nitrobenzospiropyran: DCC in the intermediate material of the naphthaleneimide derivative compound containing a terminal carboxyl group is 6:5:6.

[0023] In the heat preservation reaction of step S1.1, the reaction temperature is 110°C.

[0024] In step S1.2, the parameters of the incubation reaction monitored by TLC are as follows: reaction temperature: 125°C, developing solvent: DCM and MeOH in a volume ratio of 10:1, and recrystallization using acetone.

[0025] In step S1.3, when the reaction is carried out under reflux conditions, toluene is selected as the reflux agent; and ethanol is used for recrystallization.

[0026] In step S1.4, the extraction process is as follows: the filtrate obtained after the first solid-liquid separation is first added to a sodium chloride solution, and then extracted with dichloromethane; the desiccant is anhydrous sodium sulfate; and methanol is selected for pure crystallization during recrystallization.

[0027] In the dyeing of step S3, the following settings are made: acidic dye bath environment: pH value is 4-5; dyeing temperature is 120-140°C; NA-SP contained in the NA-SP-based dye is 0.5-5.0% by weight of the polyester fabric; dye bath ratio is 1:10; and dyeing time is 45-120 minutes.

[0028] In step S4, the thermal reduction cleaning parameters are as follows: temperature: 85°C; reduction cleaning solution: 2.0 g / L sodium hydroxide, 2.0 g / L hydrosulfite, 2.0 g / L soap flakes; bath ratio: 1:30, holding time: 15 minutes.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. Functional Dye Synthesis: A bifunctional compound (NA-SP) combining a spiropyran photochromic unit and a naphthalimide fluorescent unit was successfully synthesized. This unique molecular structure enables the effective integration and synergistic regulation of photochromic and fluorescent properties. Under UV excitation, it exhibits not only a significant and rapid photochromic response (spiropyran ring opening), but also significantly enhances fluorescence intensity and enables tunable fluorescence color (naphthalimide fluorescence is affected by the spiropyran state), thus overcoming the limitations of single-functional dyes.

[0031] 2. Technical Breakthrough in Functional Dye Stabilization and Applicability: Employing emulsification-solvent evaporation technology, we have innovatively developed a key technology for preparing NA-SP compounds into stable oil-in-water (O / W) liquid disperse dyes suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure polyester dyeing. By optimizing the organic solvent, emulsifier (Tween series), and stabilizer (long-chain alcohol), combined with ultrasonic dissolution, high-speed emulsification, and rotary evaporation to remove the organic solvent, we effectively address the challenges of functional molecule dispersion stability in the dye bath, particle size control, and storage stability. This dye preparation process ensures that the functional molecules are evenly and stably applied to the fiber during the dyeing process.

[0032] 3. Preparation of high-performance multifunctional polyester fabrics: Utilizing the developed NA-SP-based dyes and supporting dyeing / post-treatment processes (specific acid dye baths, high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing, and thermal reduction cleaning containing alkali, hydrosulfite, and soap flakes), we have successfully endowed polyester fabrics with excellent dual dynamic optical properties:

[0033] 4. Dual response of photochromism and fluorescent color change: When exposed to ultraviolet light, the fabric can simultaneously undergo visible color changes (photochromism) and significant fluorescence intensity enhancement and / or color changes (fluorescent color change), with fast response speed and significant effect.

[0034] 5. Excellent reversibility and fatigue resistance: The color-changing process has good reversibility, and after multiple light cycles (open-loop-closed-loop), the color-changing ability and fluorescence performance attenuation are low, showing excellent fatigue resistance, meeting practical application needs.

[0035] 6. Good color fastness: The optimized dyeing and post-treatment process (especially thermal reduction cleaning) effectively removes floating colors, so that the resulting functional fabrics maintain excellent optical properties while having color fastness that meets the requirements of textile use (such as washability and friction resistance).

[0036] 7. Broad application prospects: This invention provides core materials and technical support for the development of a new generation of smart textiles, and is particularly suitable for: high-tech anti-counterfeiting and security identification textiles: utilizing its unique dual optical response and reversibility to achieve dynamic anti-counterfeiting features that are difficult to counterfeit.

[0037] 8. Personalized fashion and interactive clothing: Create new fashion fabrics that change color and luminous effects according to the lighting environment to enhance the user experience.

[0038] In summary, the present invention successfully prepared an advanced functional polyester fabric that combines efficient photochromism, fluorescent color change, excellent reversibility / fatigue resistance and good fastness through the synthesis of NA-SP, innovative dye preparation process and optimized fabric processing technology. The technical effect is remarkable, with important scientific value and broad market application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is the infrared spectrum of NA-SP in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 is the NA-SP of the present invention 1 H NMR spectrum;

[0041] Figure 3 is the NA-SP of the present invention 13 C NMR spectrum;

[0042] Figure 4 This is the MS spectrum of NA-SP in the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 The UV-visible absorption spectra of the NA-SP acetonitrile solution of the present invention are shown in FIG. 1 under (a) UV light and (b) visible light irradiation for different time periods.

[0044] Figure 6 The fluorescence spectra of the NA-SP acetonitrile solution of the present invention are shown in FIG. 1 under (a) ultraviolet light and (b) visible light for different irradiation times.

[0045] Figure 7This is a diagram of the photoresponse fatigue resistance of the NA-SP molecule in the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a dyeing rate curve of NA-SP on polyester fabric in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the apparent color and fluorescence changes of the color-changing and luminescent polyester functional fabric of the present invention under ultraviolet light and visible light.

[0048] Figure 10 This is the process route for synthesizing NA-SP. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 10 As shown, the spiropyran-naphthaleneimide bonded compound NA-SP is synthesized, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] 4-Bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride (5.54 g, 20 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine (2.45 g, 12 mmol) were weighed and dissolved in 30 ml of DMF. The temperature was then raised to 110°C to initiate the reaction. After 2 hours of reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction solution was then poured into 150 ml of water, filtered, and the precipitate was collected and dried to obtain 6.58 g of light yellow solid powder N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboximide with a yield of 91.51%. The chemical structure of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboximide is as follows: Figure 10 As shown in 1a;

[0053] The compound N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboximide (5.42 g, 15 mmol) and ethanolamine (2.44 g, 60 mmol) were weighed and dissolved in 40 ml of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The temperature was then raised to 125°C to initiate the reaction. The reaction was monitored by TLC (developing solvent DCM:MeOH = 10:1). The reaction was completed after 18 hours. The reaction solution was rotary evaporated to remove the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The remaining oily substance was recrystallized from acetone, frozen, and filtered. The filter cake was dried to obtain 4.11 g of yellow solid powder N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalene dicarboximide, named 2a; the yield was 80.24%. The chemical structure of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalene dicarboximide is as follows: Figure 10 As shown in 2a;

[0054] Weigh the compound N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide (4.10 g, 12 mmol) into a three-necked flask, add 50 ml of toluene, and then slowly add succinic anhydride (1.8 g, 18 mmol). Reflux until the reaction is complete. After cooling to room temperature, filter to obtain a solid powder. Recrystallize from ethanol to obtain an intermediate material of a naphthalimide derivative containing a terminal carboxyl group, a yellow solid powder of 4.07 g; the yield is 77.86%. The chemical structure of the naphthalimide derivative containing a terminal carboxyl group is as follows: Figure 10 NA in the;

[0055] The above yellow solid powder (2.65 g, 6 mmol), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-6-nitrobenzospiropyran (2.26 g, 5 mmol) and DCC (1.24 g, 6 mmol) were weighed and dissolved in 30 ml of dichloromethane. A small amount of DMAP was added and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was poured into saturated brine. The mixture was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined and anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the organic phase to remove water. After filtration, a dark red oil was obtained by rotary evaporation. The oil was recrystallized using methanol, frozen and filtered to obtain 2.53 g of NA-SP material containing NA-SP with a yield of 65.12%. The chemical structure of NA-SP is shown in Figure 10 ;

[0056] The structure of NA-SP was characterized. Its infrared spectrum is shown in Figure 1 , 1 HNMR spectrum see Figure 2 , 13 CNMR spectrum see Figure 3 , MS spectrum see Figure 4 ;

[0057] In order to study the photochromic and luminescent properties of the compound NA-SP solution, acetonitrile was used as solvent and 1×10 - 4 mol / L solution was irradiated with a 365nm portable UV lamp. The changes in UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra of the samples were investigated at different UV irradiation times and under visible light conditions. Figure 5 、 Figure 6 The results show that the UV-visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of NA-SP molecules have good photoresponsivity.

[0058] In order to explore the photoresponse fatigue resistance of NA-SP molecules, NA-SP was configured into 1×10 -4mol / L acetonitrile solution, first test its absorbance after sufficient visible light irradiation, then test its absorbance after sufficient ultraviolet irradiation, repeat this 10 cycles, record the absorbance values ​​of NA-SP molecules at 570nm and 566nm respectively, the results are as follows Figure 7 The results show that when the compound NA-SP reaches equilibrium under ultraviolet irradiation, its absorption values ​​at 570nm and 566nm do not change much. After sufficient irradiation with visible light, it can return to its initial state. After 10 cycles of irradiation, it still has a good photochromic effect, proving that the NA-SP molecule has good light fatigue resistance.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A NA-SP-based dye was prepared as follows: 2.0 g of the NA-SP material from Example 1, 1.0 g of dodecanol, and 0.3 g of Tween-20 were added to 12 g of ethylene dichloride and sonicated until the dye and auxiliaries were completely dissolved, which served as the oil phase. 0.1 g of sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.3 g of Tween 80 were weighed and dissolved in 20 g of deionized water and sonicated until fully dissolved, which served as the aqueous phase. The oil phase was slowly added dropwise to the aqueous phase using a disperser under low-speed stirring. After the addition was complete, the disperser speed was increased to 10,000 rpm and high-speed emulsification was performed in an ice bath for 20 minutes to obtain a uniform and stable oil-in-water (O / W) disperse dye pre-emulsion. 0.1 g of a defoamer was added to the pre-emulsion and shaken to mix well. The pre-emulsion was then subjected to a rotary evaporator to remove the ethylene dichloride, yielding a NA-SP-based liquid disperse dye.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] NA-SP based liquid disperse dyes are used to dye polyester fabrics. The specific process is as follows: the NA-SP liquid disperse dyes obtained in Example 2 are used to dye polyester fabrics. The amount of NA-SP is 2% of the weight of the fabric, the dye bath ratio is 1:10, the dyeing temperature is 130°C, the acidic dye bath environment: the pH value is 4-5; the insulation time is 110 minutes. After dyeing, reduction cleaning is performed. The reduction cleaning liquid contains 2.0g / L sodium hydroxide, 2.0g / L hydrosulfur powder, 2.0g / L soap flakes, the bath ratio is 1:30, the reduction cleaning temperature is 85°C, the insulation time is 15 minutes, and then it is washed with cold water and dried; the dye uptake rate curve is tested, and the results are as shown Figure 8 The dyed polyester fabric was placed under UV light and visible light, and its color change and fluorescence change at different irradiation times were recorded. The results are shown in the figure. Figure 9 As shown, under light, obvious color changes and fluorescence changes of the polyester fabric can be seen. Therefore, the present invention successfully prepares a functional polyester fabric with dual properties of reversible photochromism and luminescence.

[0063] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art of the invention may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or replace them in a similar manner, but will not deviate from the spirit of the invention or exceed the defined scope. Although the present invention has been described and described in detail in the foregoing description, such descriptions and descriptions are considered to be illustrative or exemplary rather than restrictive. It should be understood that within the scope of the following claims, changes and modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art. Specifically, the present invention encompasses additional embodiments having any combination of features from the different embodiments described above. With respect to the use of the expression "generally" or "substantially", this patent application should be understood to disclose that these features and values ​​are also fully met, i.e., there is no aforementioned characterization as "generally" or "substantially".

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on a spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1 synthesis of spiropyran-naphthaleneimide structure compound NA-SP: S1.1: Dissolve 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride and N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine in DMF, and sequentially heat, incubate, react, cool, add water to precipitate, separate the solid and liquid, and dry to obtain the intermediate N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboximide. S1.2: Dissolve the intermediate material N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide and ethanolamine in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and sequentially perform heating, TLC monitoring, heat preservation, rotary evaporation, recrystallization, freezing, solid-liquid separation, and drying to obtain the intermediate material N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide; S1.3: Reacting the intermediate material N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide and succinic anhydride under reflux conditions. After completion of the reaction, cooling, solid-liquid separation, recrystallization, and drying are sequentially performed to obtain an intermediate material of a naphthalimide derivative compound containing a terminal carboxyl group; S1.4: The intermediate material of the naphthalimide derivative compound containing a terminal carboxyl group, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-6-nitrobenzospiropyran, and DCC are dissolved in dichloromethane and subjected to an esterification reaction in the presence of a DMAP catalyst. After completion of the reaction, a first solid-liquid separation, extraction, dehydration with a desiccant, a second solid-liquid separation, rotary evaporation, recrystallization, freezing, a third solid-liquid separation, and drying are sequentially performed to obtain a NA-SP material containing the compound NA-SP; S2: preparing NA-SP based dyes: uniformly mixing NA-SP material, an organic solvent, and an emulsifier and / or stabilizer for an oil phase, and then ultrasonically dissolving the mixture to obtain an oil phase material, wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from dichloroethane, dichloromethane, toluene, and ethyl acetate; the emulsifier for the oil phase is at least one selected from Tween 20 and Tween 80; and the stabilizer is at least one selected from dodecanol and tetradecanol; The aqueous phase emulsifier and water are mixed evenly, and ultrasonically dissolved to obtain an aqueous phase material, wherein the aqueous phase emulsifier is at least one of sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween 20, and Tween 80; Using a disperser, the oil phase material is added dropwise to the water phase material under stirring. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased and emulsification is performed under ice bath conditions to obtain an oil-in-water disperse dye pre-emulsion; The organic solvent is removed from the oil-in-water disperse dye pre-emulsion by rotary evaporation to obtain a NA-SP based dye; S3 dyeing: polyester fabrics are dyed with NA-SP based dyes in an acidic dye bath environment under heating and pressure conditions; S4 post-treatment: After dyeing, thermal reduction cleaning, water washing and drying operations are carried out in sequence to obtain color-changing and luminous functional polyester fabric; in the thermal reduction cleaning, the reduction cleaning liquid contains sodium hydroxide, hydrosulfite and soap flakes.

2. The method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on the spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1.1, the molar ratio of 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride to N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine is 5:3; In step S1.2, the molar ratio of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide to ethanolamine in the intermediate N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide is 1:4; In step S1.3, the molar ratio of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide to succinic anhydride in the intermediate N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide is 2:3; In step S1.4, the molar ratio of the naphthaleneimide derivative containing a terminal carboxyl group: 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-6-nitrobenzospiropyran: DCC in the intermediate material of the naphthaleneimide derivative containing a terminal carboxyl group is 6:5:

6.

3. The method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on the spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the heat preservation reaction of step S1.1, the reaction temperature is 110°C.

4. The method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on the spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1.2, the parameters of the incubation reaction monitored by TLC are as follows: reaction temperature: 125°C, developing solvent: DCM and MeOH in a volume ratio of 10:1, and recrystallization using acetone.

5. The method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on the spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1.3, when the reaction is carried out under reflux conditions, toluene is selected as the reflux agent; and ethanol is used for recrystallization.

6. The method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on the spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1.4, the extraction process is as follows: the filtrate obtained after the first solid-liquid separation is first added to a sodium chloride solution, and then extracted with dichloromethane; the desiccant is anhydrous sodium sulfate; and methanol is selected for pure crystallization during recrystallization.

7. The method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on the spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the dyeing of step S3, the following settings are made: acidic dye bath environment: pH value is 4-5; dyeing temperature is 120-140°C; the compound NA-SP contained in the NA-SP-based dye is 0.5-5.0% by weight of the polyester fabric; the dye bath ratio is 1:10; and the dyeing time is 45-120 minutes.

8. The method for preparing color-changing and luminescent polyester fabric based on the spiropyran-naphthalimide structure compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the thermal reduction cleaning parameters are as follows: temperature: 85°C; reduction cleaning solution: 2.0 g / L sodium hydroxide, 2.0 g / L hydrosulfite, 2.0 g / L soap flakes; bath ratio: 1:30, holding time: 15 minutes.

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