Fermentation bed composite padding for cattle based on bacterium-enzyme synergistic effect and preparation method of fermentation bed composite padding

Abstract

The invention provides a cattle fermentation bed composite padding based on bacterium-enzyme synergistic effect and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, the cattle fermentation bed composite padding comprises a rice hull layer located at the top, a slow release layer located in the middle and a fermentation layer located at the bottom, the rice hull layer comprises hydrophobic modified rice hulls, the slow release layer comprises PLA melt-blown cloth, and the fermentation layer comprises PLA melt-blown cloth. The PLA melt-blown cloth is compounded with microspheres through hot pressing, and the fermentation layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.5-2 parts of aspergillus niger spores, 8-15 parts of bran and 90-110 parts of bagasse. The method has the beneficial effects that turning-free, self-oxygen-adjusting and long-acting fermentation can be realized, and efficient fermentation and long-term stable operation are realized by adopting a three-layer sandwich structure and combining hydrophobic modification, gas slow release and bacterium-enzyme synergistic degradation technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, and in particular to a fermentation bed composite bedding material for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important method for resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste, cattle fermentation bed technology has been widely used in the animal husbandry field in recent years. This technology mainly decomposes livestock excrement through microbial fermentation, achieving in-situ treatment of manure and sewage, while also improving animal welfare and the breeding environment. The fermentation bed system is usually composed of a bedding matrix, functional microbial communities, and auxiliary materials. Its core is to build a stable bacterial ecosystem. With increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements and the development of large-scale breeding, traditional fermentation bed technology faces new challenges in long-term operational stability, ammonia emission control, and labor maintenance costs. It is urgent to achieve technological upgrading through material innovation and process optimization.

[0003] Existing fermentation bed technology still has many limitations in practical applications. First, traditional bedding materials such as sawdust and rice husks are easily infiltrated by feces and urine and become compacted, resulting in reduced air permeability and requiring frequent turning and maintenance. This not only increases labor costs, but also destroys the microecological balance of the bacterial flora. Secondly, the activity of conventional microbial additives is significantly reduced when the ambient temperature fluctuates, and the fermentation efficiency is insufficient in winter, making it difficult to maintain stable decomposition efficiency. In addition, most fermentation beds lack intelligent gas control mechanisms, and harmful gases such as ammonia are easily accumulated inside the bedding, which not only affects animal health but also causes nitrogen loss. The problem of insufficient functional synergy between bedding layers is also prominent. Each layer of material often acts independently, restricting the improvement of overall processing efficiency and service life.

[0004] How to solve the above technical problems is the subject faced by the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to address the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a composite bedding for cattle that does not require turning over, is self-oxygenating, and has long-term fermentation. It adopts a three-layer sandwich structure and combines hydrophobic modification, gas release, and bacterial-enzyme synergistic degradation technology to achieve efficient fermentation and long-term stable operation. The fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy and its preparation method are provided.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: the present invention provides a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on the synergistic effect of bacteria and enzymes and a preparation method thereof, comprising a rice husk layer at the top, a slow-release layer in the middle and a fermentation layer at the bottom, wherein the rice husk layer has a laying thickness of 10-15 cm and a laying density of 0.3 kg / m², the slow-release layer has a laying thickness of 2-3 cm, and the fermentation layer has a laying thickness of 20-25 cm.

[0007] The rice husk layer includes hydrophobically modified rice husks, the sustained-release layer includes PLA meltblown cloth, the PLA meltblown cloth is hot-pressed and compounded with microspheres, the microsphere particle size is 100-200 μm, the microspheres contain 30-35 parts of sodium percarbonate, 36-43 parts of citric acid, and 25-35 parts of sodium alginate solution in parts by mass, the molar ratio of sodium percarbonate to citric acid is 1:1, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5-8wt%, the sodium alginate solution contains 2-5 parts of sodium alginate and 50-60 parts of water in parts by weight, and the fermentation layer contains 0.5-2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores, 8-15 parts of bran, and 90-110 parts of sugarcane bagasse in parts by mass.

[0008] A method for preparing a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy, wherein the steps of preparing the rice husk layer include: S11, pre-treating the rice husks by soaking them in 5% NaOH solution, stirring at 60°C for 2 hours to remove surface wax, washing them with water until neutral, and drying them at 80°C until the moisture content is ≤5%; S12. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in anhydrous ethanol, add the pretreated rice husk, and then filter and dry. The silane coupling agent is KH-570. Dissolve 2-5 parts of KH-570 in 330-600 parts of anhydrous ethanol, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, then add 90-120 parts of pretreated rice husk, and stir at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to ensure uniform coating. Then, vacuum filter the mixture at a pressure of ≤0.1MPa, pass it through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and filter at a temperature of 50-60°C. Then, dry it at 100-120°C for 45-60 minutes to completely cure the silane coupling agent.

[0009] The preparation steps of the sustained-release layer include: S21, grinding 30-35 parts of sodium percarbonate and 36-43 parts of citric acid into 100 mesh respectively, and mixing them in a 1:1 molar ratio; S22, preparing a sodium alginate solution, using 2-5 parts of sodium alginate and 50-60 parts of water to prepare a 5-8% sodium alginate solution, wherein the sodium alginate solution is prepared at a temperature of 45-55° C., at a stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and for 30-45 minutes until dissolved; S23, mixing the powder prepared in S21 with a sodium alginate solution, spray drying at an inlet temperature of 115-125° C., to obtain microspheres with a particle size of 100-200 μm; S24. Spread the microspheres evenly on the PLA meltblown cloth and hot-press and laminate them to fix the microspheres in the pores of the meltblown cloth. The microspheres are arranged at a density of 200 g / m², the hot-pressing and laminating temperature is 100°C, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 30 seconds.

[0010] The steps of preparing the fermentation layer include: S31, mixing 0.5-2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores with 8-15 parts of bran, and culturing at 25-33° C. for 48 hours; S32. Evenly mix the activated bacterial agent from S31 with 90-110 parts of bagasse, and add water to adjust the moisture content to 55%-60%.

[0011] The method of using composite padding includes the following steps: S1. Lay a fermentation layer on the ground of the cowshed with a thickness of 20-25cm; S2. Lay a slow-release layer on top of the fermentation layer with a thickness of 2-3 cm to ensure that the PLA meltblown cloth completely covers the fermentation layer; S3. Lay a rice husk layer on top of the slow-release layer with a thickness of 10-15 cm; S4. When the surface rice husk layer becomes obviously compacted during bedding use, add new hydrophobic modified rice husks at a rate of 20-30% of the original rice husk layer. S5. The overall service life of the bedding is 8-12 months. After the expiration of the service life, the lower fermentation layer material will be recycled as organic fertilizer raw material.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention realizes the synergistic effect of the bedding system by constructing a three-layer functional composite structure. The hydrophobically modified rice husk layer can effectively block the infiltration of feces and urine, prevent the surface from being compacted, and maintain good air permeability; the sustained-release layer accurately controls the release of CO2 through pH-responsive microspheres, optimizes the oxygen diffusion efficiency, and avoids the damage to the microbial community caused by traditional turning operations; the fermentation layer utilizes Aspergillus niger to efficiently decompose cellulose substances to form a stable humus conversion system. The three-layer structure cooperates with each other to significantly improve the overall stability and service life of the bedding.

[0013] At the same time, the present invention adopts a bacteria-enzyme synergistic mechanism to greatly improve the decomposition efficiency of organic matter. The cellulase and xylanase secreted by Aspergillus niger form an efficient degradation system with the sugarcane bagasse matrix, maintaining stable enzyme activity within a suitable temperature range. The microsphere system formed by sodium percarbonate and citric acid regulates the porosity of the pile through the controlled release of CO2, creating an optimal aerobic environment for microorganisms. This dual regulation mechanism effectively improves the quality of the breeding environment.

[0014] The no-turnover design of the present invention can save labor maintenance costs, and the long service life of 8-12 months reduces the frequency of bedding replacement. The materials of each functional layer are widely available, the preparation process is simple, and it is easy to apply in large-scale production. The fermented bedding product can be recycled as high-quality organic fertilizer, realizing the resource cycle of breeding waste and meeting the requirements of green development of modern animal husbandry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the contact angle test results of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the cellulase activity test results of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a CO2 release rate test diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a test chart of the ammonia emission reduction rate of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the solution is described below through specific implementation methods. Example

[0020] The present embodiment is a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on the synergistic effect of bacteria and enzymes and a preparation method thereof, comprising a rice husk layer at the top, a slow-release layer in the middle, and a fermentation layer at the bottom. The rice husk layer has a laying thickness of 13 cm and a laying density of 0.3 kg / m², the slow-release layer has a laying thickness of 2.2 cm, and the fermentation layer has a laying thickness of 23 cm.

[0021] The rice husk layer includes hydrophobically modified rice husks, the sustained-release layer includes PLA meltblown cloth, the PLA meltblown cloth is hot-pressed and compounded with microspheres, the microsphere particle size is 150 μm, the microspheres contain 32 parts of sodium percarbonate, 39 parts of citric acid, and 29 parts of sodium alginate solution in parts by mass, the molar ratio of sodium percarbonate to citric acid is 1:1, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5wt%, the sodium alginate solution contains 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water in parts by weight, and the fermentation layer contains 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores, 12 parts of bran, and 105 parts of sugarcane bagasse in parts by mass.

[0022] A method for preparing a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy, wherein the steps of preparing the rice husk layer include: S11, pre-treating the rice husks by soaking them in 5% NaOH solution, stirring at 60°C for 2 hours to remove surface wax, washing them with water until neutral, and drying them at 80°C until the moisture content is ≤5%; S12. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in anhydrous ethanol, add the pretreated rice husk, and then filter and dry. The silane coupling agent is KH-570. Dissolve 3.5 parts of KH-570 in 450 parts of anhydrous ethanol, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, then add 95 parts of pretreated rice husk, and stir at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to ensure uniform coating. Then, vacuum filter the mixture at a pressure of ≤0.1MPa, pass it through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and filter at a temperature of 60°C. Then, dry it at 100°C for 60 minutes to completely cure the silane coupling agent.

[0023] The preparation steps of the sustained-release layer include: S21, respectively grind 32 parts of sodium percarbonate and 39 parts of citric acid to 100 mesh, and mix them in a 1:1 molar ratio; S22, preparing a sodium alginate solution, using 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water to prepare a sodium alginate solution, wherein the preparation temperature of the sodium alginate solution is 50° C., the stirring speed is 400 rpm, and the stirring time is 42 minutes until the alginate solution is dissolved; S23, mixing the powder prepared in S21 with a sodium alginate solution, spray drying at an inlet temperature of 120° C., to obtain microspheres with a particle size of 100-200 μm; S24. Spread the microspheres evenly on the PLA meltblown cloth and hot-press and laminate them to fix the microspheres in the pores of the meltblown cloth. The microspheres are arranged at a density of 200 g / m², the hot-pressing and laminating temperature is 100°C, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 30 seconds.

[0024] The steps of preparing the fermentation layer include: S31, mixing 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores with 12 parts of bran, and incubating at 30°C for 48 hours; S32. Evenly mix the activated bacterial agent from S31 with 105 parts of bagasse, and add water to adjust the moisture content to 57%.

[0025] The method of using composite padding includes the following steps: S1. Lay a fermentation layer on the floor of the cowshed with a thickness of 23 cm. S2. Lay a slow-release layer on top of the fermentation layer with a thickness of 2.2 cm to ensure that the PLA meltblown cloth completely covers the fermentation layer; S3. Lay a rice husk layer on top of the slow-release layer with a thickness of 13 cm; S4. When the surface rice husk layer becomes obviously compacted during the use of the bedding, add new hydrophobic modified rice husks; S5. After the service life of the bedding material expires, the material in the lower fermentation layer will be recycled as organic fertilizer raw material. Example

[0026] The present embodiment is a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on the synergistic effect of bacteria and enzymes and a preparation method thereof, comprising a rice husk layer at the top, a slow-release layer in the middle, and a fermentation layer at the bottom. The rice husk layer has a laying thickness of 13 cm and a laying density of 0.3 kg / m², the slow-release layer has a laying thickness of 2.2 cm, and the fermentation layer has a laying thickness of 23 cm.

[0027] The rice husk layer includes hydrophobically modified rice husks, the sustained-release layer includes PLA meltblown cloth, the PLA meltblown cloth is hot-pressed and compounded with microspheres, the microsphere particle size is 150 μm, the microspheres contain 32 parts of sodium percarbonate, 39 parts of citric acid, and 29 parts of sodium alginate solution in parts by mass, the molar ratio of sodium percarbonate to citric acid is 1:1, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5wt%, the sodium alginate solution contains 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water in parts by weight, and the fermentation layer contains 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores, 12 parts of bran, and 105 parts of sugarcane bagasse in parts by mass.

[0028] A method for preparing a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy, wherein the steps of preparing the rice husk layer include: S11, pre-treating the rice husks by soaking them in 5% NaOH solution, stirring at 60°C for 2 hours to remove surface wax, washing them with water until neutral, and drying them at 80°C until the moisture content is ≤5%; S12. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in anhydrous ethanol, add the pretreated rice husk, and then filter and dry. The silane coupling agent is KH-570. Dissolve 2 parts of KH-570 in 450 parts of anhydrous ethanol, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, then add 95 parts of pretreated rice husk, and stir at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to ensure uniform coating. Then, vacuum filter the mixture at a pressure of ≤0.1MPa, pass it through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and filter at a temperature of 60°C. Then, dry it at 100°C for 60 minutes to completely cure the silane coupling agent.

[0029] The preparation steps of the sustained-release layer include: S21, respectively grind 32 parts of sodium percarbonate and 39 parts of citric acid to 100 mesh, and mix them in a 1:1 molar ratio; S22, preparing a sodium alginate solution, using 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water to prepare a sodium alginate solution, wherein the preparation temperature of the sodium alginate solution is 50° C., the stirring speed is 400 rpm, and the stirring time is 42 minutes until the alginate solution is dissolved; S23, mixing the powder prepared in S21 with a sodium alginate solution, spray drying at an inlet temperature of 120° C., to obtain microspheres with a particle size of 100-200 μm; S24. Spread the microspheres evenly on the PLA meltblown cloth and hot-press and laminate them to fix the microspheres in the pores of the meltblown cloth. The microspheres are arranged at a density of 200 g / m², the hot-pressing and laminating temperature is 100°C, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 30 seconds.

[0030] The steps of preparing the fermentation layer include: S31, mixing 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores with 12 parts of bran, and incubating at 30°C for 48 hours; S32. Evenly mix the activated bacterial agent from S31 with 105 parts of bagasse, and add water to adjust the moisture content to 57%.

[0031] The method of using composite padding includes the following steps: S1. Lay a fermentation layer on the floor of the cowshed with a thickness of 23 cm. S2. Lay a slow-release layer on top of the fermentation layer with a thickness of 2.2 cm to ensure that the PLA meltblown cloth completely covers the fermentation layer; S3. Lay a rice husk layer on top of the slow-release layer with a thickness of 13 cm; S4. When the surface rice husk layer becomes obviously compacted during the use of the bedding, add new hydrophobic modified rice husks; S5. After the service life of the bedding material expires, the material in the lower fermentation layer will be recycled as organic fertilizer raw material. Example

[0032] The present embodiment is a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on the synergistic effect of bacteria and enzymes and a preparation method thereof, comprising a rice husk layer at the top, a slow-release layer in the middle, and a fermentation layer at the bottom. The rice husk layer has a laying thickness of 13 cm and a laying density of 0.3 kg / m², the slow-release layer has a laying thickness of 2.2 cm, and the fermentation layer has a laying thickness of 23 cm.

[0033] The rice husk layer includes hydrophobically modified rice husks, the sustained-release layer includes PLA meltblown cloth, the PLA meltblown cloth is hot-pressed and compounded with microspheres, the microspheres have a particle size of 150 μm, the microspheres contain 32 parts of sodium percarbonate, 39 parts of citric acid, and 29 parts of sodium alginate solution in parts by mass, the molar ratio of sodium percarbonate to citric acid is 1:1, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5wt%, the sodium alginate solution contains 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water in parts by weight, and the fermentation layer contains 0.5 parts of Aspergillus niger spores, 12 parts of bran, and 105 parts of sugarcane bagasse in parts by mass.

[0034] A method for preparing a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy, wherein the steps of preparing the rice husk layer include: S11, pre-treating the rice husks by soaking them in 5% NaOH solution, stirring at 60°C for 2 hours to remove surface wax, washing them with water until neutral, and drying them at 80°C until the moisture content is ≤5%; S12. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in anhydrous ethanol, add the pretreated rice husk, and then filter and dry. The silane coupling agent is KH-570. Dissolve 3.5 parts of KH-570 in 450 parts of anhydrous ethanol, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, then add 95 parts of pretreated rice husk, and stir at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to ensure uniform coating. Then, vacuum filter the mixture at a pressure of ≤0.1MPa, pass it through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and filter at a temperature of 60°C. Then, dry it at 100°C for 60 minutes to completely cure the silane coupling agent.

[0035] The preparation steps of the sustained-release layer include: S21, respectively grind 32 parts of sodium percarbonate and 39 parts of citric acid to 100 mesh, and mix them in a 1:1 molar ratio; S22, preparing a sodium alginate solution, using 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water to prepare a sodium alginate solution, wherein the preparation temperature of the sodium alginate solution is 50° C., the stirring speed is 400 rpm, and the stirring time is 42 minutes until the alginate solution is dissolved; S23, mixing the powder prepared in S21 with a sodium alginate solution, spray drying at an inlet temperature of 120° C., to obtain microspheres with a particle size of 100-200 μm; S24. Spread the microspheres evenly on the PLA meltblown cloth and hot-press and laminate them to fix the microspheres in the pores of the meltblown cloth. The microspheres are arranged at a density of 200 g / m², the hot-pressing and laminating temperature is 100°C, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 30 seconds.

[0036] The steps of preparing the fermentation layer include: S31, mixing 0.5 parts of Aspergillus niger spores with 12 parts of bran, and incubating at 30°C for 48 hours; S32. Evenly mix the activated bacterial agent from S31 with 105 parts of bagasse, and add water to adjust the moisture content to 60%.

[0037] The method of using composite padding includes the following steps: S1. Lay a fermentation layer on the floor of the cowshed with a thickness of 23 cm. S2. Lay a slow-release layer on top of the fermentation layer with a thickness of 2.2 cm to ensure that the PLA meltblown cloth completely covers the fermentation layer; S3. Lay a rice husk layer on top of the slow-release layer with a thickness of 13 cm; S4. When the surface rice husk layer becomes obviously compacted during the use of the bedding, add new hydrophobic modified rice husks; S5. After the service life of the bedding material expires, the material in the lower fermentation layer will be recycled as organic fertilizer raw material. Example

[0038] The present embodiment is a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on the synergistic effect of bacteria and enzymes and a preparation method thereof, comprising a rice husk layer at the top, a slow-release layer in the middle, and a fermentation layer at the bottom. The rice husk layer has a laying thickness of 13 cm and a laying density of 0.3 kg / m², the slow-release layer has a laying thickness of 2.2 cm, and the fermentation layer has a laying thickness of 23 cm.

[0039] The rice husk layer includes hydrophobically modified rice husks, the sustained-release layer includes PLA meltblown cloth, the PLA meltblown cloth is hot-pressed and compounded with microspheres, the microsphere particle size is 150 μm, the microspheres contain 32 parts of sodium percarbonate, 39 parts of citric acid, and 29 parts of sodium alginate solution in parts by mass, the molar ratio of sodium percarbonate to citric acid is 1:1, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5wt%, the sodium alginate solution contains 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water in parts by weight, and the fermentation layer contains 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores, 12 parts of bran, and 105 parts of sugarcane bagasse in parts by mass.

[0040] A method for preparing a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy, wherein the steps of preparing the rice husk layer include: S11, pre-treating the rice husks by soaking them in 5% NaOH solution, stirring at 60°C for 2 hours to remove surface wax, washing them with water until neutral, and drying them at 80°C until the moisture content is ≤5%; S12. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in anhydrous ethanol, add the pretreated rice husk, and then filter and dry. The silane coupling agent is KH-570. Dissolve 3.5 parts of KH-570 in 450 parts of anhydrous ethanol, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, then add 95 parts of pretreated rice husk, and stir at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to ensure uniform coating. Then, vacuum filter the mixture at a pressure of ≤0.1MPa, pass it through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and filter at a temperature of 60°C. Then, dry it at 100°C for 60 minutes to completely cure the silane coupling agent.

[0041] The preparation steps of the sustained-release layer include: S21, respectively grind 32 parts of sodium percarbonate and 39 parts of citric acid to 100 mesh, and mix them in a 1:1 molar ratio; S22, preparing a sodium alginate solution, using 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water to prepare a sodium alginate solution, wherein the preparation temperature of the sodium alginate solution is 50° C., the stirring speed is 400 rpm, and the stirring time is 42 minutes until the alginate solution is dissolved; S23, mixing the powder prepared in S21 with a sodium alginate solution, spray drying at an inlet temperature of 120° C., to obtain microspheres with a particle size of 100-200 μm; S24. Spread the microspheres evenly on the PLA meltblown cloth and hot-press and laminate them to fix the microspheres in the pores of the meltblown cloth. The microspheres are arranged at a density of 200 g / m², the hot-pressing and laminating temperature is 95°C, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 30 s.

[0042] The steps of preparing the fermentation layer include: S31, mixing 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores with 12 parts of bran, and incubating at 30°C for 45 hours; S32. Evenly mix the activated bacterial agent from S31 with 105 parts of bagasse, and add water to adjust the moisture content to 57%.

[0043] The method of using composite padding includes the following steps: S1. Lay a fermentation layer on the floor of the cowshed with a thickness of 23 cm. S2. Lay a slow-release layer on top of the fermentation layer with a thickness of 2.2 cm to ensure that the PLA meltblown cloth completely covers the fermentation layer; S3. Lay a rice husk layer on top of the slow-release layer with a thickness of 13 cm; S4. When the surface rice husk layer becomes obviously compacted during the use of the bedding, add new hydrophobic modified rice husks; S5. After the service life of the bedding material expires, the material in the lower fermentation layer will be recycled as organic fertilizer raw material. Example

[0044] The present embodiment is a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on the synergistic effect of bacteria and enzymes and a preparation method thereof, comprising a rice husk layer at the top, a slow-release layer in the middle, and a fermentation layer at the bottom. The rice husk layer has a laying thickness of 13 cm and a laying density of 0.3 kg / m², the slow-release layer has a laying thickness of 2.2 cm, and the fermentation layer has a laying thickness of 23 cm.

[0045] The rice husk layer includes hydrophobically modified rice husks, the sustained-release layer includes PLA meltblown cloth, the PLA meltblown cloth is hot-pressed and compounded with microspheres, the microspheres have a particle size of 150 μm, the microspheres contain 35 parts of sodium percarbonate, 39 parts of citric acid, and 29 parts of sodium alginate solution in parts by mass, the molar ratio of sodium percarbonate to citric acid is 1:1, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5wt%, the sodium alginate solution contains 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water in parts by weight, and the fermentation layer contains 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores, 12 parts of bran, and 105 parts of sugarcane bagasse in parts by mass.

[0046] A method for preparing a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy, wherein the steps of preparing the rice husk layer include: S11, pre-treating the rice husks by soaking them in 5% NaOH solution, stirring at 60°C for 2 hours to remove surface wax, washing them with water until neutral, and drying them at 80°C until the moisture content is ≤5%; S12. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in anhydrous ethanol, add the pretreated rice husk, and then filter and dry. The silane coupling agent is KH-570. Dissolve 3.5 parts of KH-570 in 450 parts of anhydrous ethanol, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, then add 95 parts of pretreated rice husk, and stir at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to ensure uniform coating. Then, vacuum filter the mixture at a pressure of ≤0.1MPa, pass it through a 100-200 mesh sieve, and filter at a temperature of 60°C. Then, dry it at 100°C for 60 minutes to completely cure the silane coupling agent.

[0047] The preparation steps of the sustained-release layer include: S21, grinding 35 parts of sodium percarbonate and 39 parts of citric acid to 100 mesh respectively, and mixing them in a 1:1 molar ratio; S22, preparing a sodium alginate solution, using 3.8 parts of sodium alginate and 55.2 parts of water to prepare a sodium alginate solution, wherein the preparation temperature of the sodium alginate solution is 50° C., the stirring speed is 400 rpm, and the stirring time is 42 minutes until the alginate solution is dissolved; S23, mixing the powder prepared in S21 with a sodium alginate solution, spray drying at an inlet temperature of 120° C., to obtain microspheres with a particle size of 100-200 μm; S24. Spread the microspheres evenly on the PLA meltblown cloth and hot-press and laminate them to fix the microspheres in the pores of the meltblown cloth. The microspheres are arranged at a density of 200 g / m², the hot-pressing and laminating temperature is 100°C, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 30 seconds.

[0048] The steps of preparing the fermentation layer include: S31, mixing 1.2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores with 12 parts of bran, and incubating at 30°C for 48 hours; S32. Evenly mix the activated bacterial agent from S31 with 105 parts of bagasse, and add water to adjust the moisture content to 57%.

[0049] The method of using composite padding includes the following steps: S1. Lay a fermentation layer on the floor of the cowshed with a thickness of 23 cm. S2. Lay a slow-release layer on top of the fermentation layer with a thickness of 2.2 cm to ensure that the PLA meltblown cloth completely covers the fermentation layer; S3. Lay a rice husk layer on top of the slow-release layer with a thickness of 13 cm; S4. When the surface rice husk layer becomes obviously compacted during the use of the bedding, add new hydrophobic modified rice husks; S5. After the service life of the bedding material expires, the material in the lower fermentation layer will be recycled as organic fertilizer raw material.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 The rice husk layer of this comparative example uses rice husks that have not been hydrophobically modified. It is only pretreated by soaking in 5% NaOH solution at 60°C for 2 hours and washed with water to neutrality. The laying thickness is 12 cm and the laying density is 0.3 kg / m². The sustained-release layer and the fermentation layer completely adopt the formula and process of Example 1, wherein the sustained-release layer contains PLA melt-blown cloth composite microspheres and has a laying thickness of 2.2 cm. The fermentation layer has a moisture content of 57% and a laying thickness of 23 cm.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 A mixture of 50 parts rice husk and 40 parts sawdust was used as the substrate, 0.1% Bacillus subtilis powder and 0.05% urease inhibitor NBPT were added. After mixing the materials, the moisture content was adjusted to 50%, and the materials were directly laid to a thickness of 25 cm without distinguishing the functional layer structure and without a slow-release microsphere design. The fermentation bacteria relied solely on the natural proliferation of Bacillus subtilis.

[0052] Comparative Example 3 In this comparative example, the sustained-release layer in Example 1 was removed, and only the rice husk layer and the fermentation layer were retained.

[0053] Contact angle test: Take the rice husk layer samples of each embodiment and comparative example, use the contact angle meter OCA20, add 5 μL of deionized water, keep it static for 10 seconds, and record the contact angle. The test frequency is the initial value + test once every 30 days. The test results are cheap. Figure 1 ,from Figure 1 It can be seen that the initial contact angle of Example 1 reached 122° and remained at 118° after 90 days, which was significantly better than that of the unmodified rice husk in Comparative Example 1, which was 65°→50°. The contact angle of Comparative Example 3 decayed faster due to the lack of gas regulation.

[0054] Cellulase activity test: Take a sample from the fermentation layer and determine the cellulase activity according to the DNS method (GB / T 23881-2009). The unit is U / g, with 1 μmol of glucose released per minute as 1 U. The test results are shown in Figure 2 ,from Figure 2 It can be seen that the amount of Aspergillus niger spores and the moisture content have a significant impact on the degradation efficiency. The enzyme activity of Example 1 reaches 230 U / g, while the enzyme activity of Example 3 decreases by 24%. The enzyme activity of Comparative Example 2 is only 90 U / g. The enzyme activity of the unmodified rice husk in Comparative Example 1 is slightly lower due to compaction, which shows the protective effect of the hydrophobic layer on the activity of the bacterial community.

[0055] CO2 release rate test: Use infrared CO2 analyzer LI-840A to monitor the gas release per unit area of ​​the sustained-release layer and record it continuously for 7 days. The test results are shown in Figure 3 ,from Figure 3The effect of sodium percarbonate dosage on sustained-release performance can be seen. Example 1 shows steady CO2 release over 7 days, while Example 5, with a higher dosage, results in faster release, only 5 days. Comparative Examples 2 / 3, without a sustained-release layer, have very low CO2 release, demonstrating the importance of the microspheres in oxygen regulation. In Example 4, due to weak microsphere fixation, the sustained-release period is shortened to 6 days.

[0056] Ammonia emission reduction rate test: The NH3 concentration at 20 cm above the bedding surface was measured using a portable ammonia detector INNOVA 1412. The average value was taken three times a day. The test results are shown in Figure 4 ,according to Figure 4 It can be seen that Example 1 has an emission reduction rate of 84%, which is the optimal example. The ammonia concentration of the traditional bedding in Comparative Example 2 is as high as 50 ppm, while that in Comparative Example 3 without a sustained-release layer rises to 25 ppm due to lack of oxygen. It can be seen that the sustained-release layer can achieve a mechanism for efficient ammonia emission reduction by adjusting the porosity.

[0057] Technical features not described in the present invention can be achieved through or by adopting existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy, characterized in that: It includes a rice husk layer at the top, a slow-release layer in the middle, and a fermentation layer at the bottom; The rice husk layer includes hydrophobically modified rice husks, the sustained-release layer includes PLA meltblown fabric, and the PLA meltblown fabric is hot-pressed and composited with microspheres. The microspheres contain, by weight, 30-35 parts of sodium percarbonate, 36-43 parts of citric acid, and 25-35 parts of sodium alginate solution. The molar ratio of sodium percarbonate to citric acid is 1:1, and the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5-8wt%. The fermentation layer comprises 0.5-2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores, 8-15 parts of bran and 90-110 parts of bagasse, based on mass.

2. The fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice husk layer has a thickness of 10-15 cm and a density of 0.3 kg / m²; The slow-release layer is laid with a thickness of 2-3 cm, and the fermentation layer is laid with a thickness of 20-25 cm.

3. The fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sodium alginate solution comprises 2-5 parts of sodium alginate and 50-60 parts of water in parts by weight; The particle size of the microspheres is 100-200 μm.

4. A method for preparing a fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of preparing the rice husk layer include: S11, pre-treating the rice husk to remove surface wax and washing with water until neutral; S12, dissolving a silane coupling agent in anhydrous ethanol, adding the pretreated rice husk, and filtering and drying; The preparation steps of the sustained-release layer include: S21, grinding sodium percarbonate and citric acid and mixing; S22, prepare sodium alginate solution, and stir until completely dissolved; S23, mixing the powder prepared in S21 with a sodium alginate solution to obtain microspheres; S24, evenly spreading the microspheres on the PLA meltblown cloth and hot-pressing and laminating them to fix the microspheres in the pores of the meltblown cloth; The steps of preparing the fermentation layer include: S31, mixing Aspergillus niger spores with bran and culturing; S32. Evenly mix the activated bacterial agent prepared in S31 with the sugarcane bagasse.

5. The method for preparing the fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pretreatment of rice husks comprises the following steps: Rice husks were soaked in 5% NaOH solution and stirred at 60 °C for 2 h to remove surface wax; Wash with water until neutral, and dry at 80℃ until the moisture content is ≤5%.

6. The method for preparing the fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is KH-570. Dissolve 2-5 parts of KH-570 in 330-600 parts of anhydrous ethanol, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, then add 90-120 parts of pretreated rice husks, and stir at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours. The mixture is then vacuum filtered at a pressure of ≤0.1 MPa, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve at a filtration temperature of 50-60°C, and then dried at 100-120°C for 45-60 minutes to completely cure the silane coupling agent.

7. The method for preparing the fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the preparation of the sustained-release layer, 30-35 parts of sodium percarbonate and 36-43 parts of citric acid were ground into 100 mesh respectively and mixed in a 1:1 molar ratio; Prepare a 5-8% sodium alginate solution with 2-5 parts of sodium alginate and 50-60 parts of water. The sodium alginate solution is prepared at a temperature of 45-55°C, with a stirring speed of 300-500 rpm and a stirring time of 30-45 minutes until dissolved. The mixed powder is mixed with sodium alginate solution and then spray-dried at an inlet temperature of 115-125°C to obtain microspheres with a particle size of 100-200 μm.

8. The method for preparing the fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S24, the microspheres are arranged at a density of 200 g / m²; The hot pressing temperature is 100°C, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the hot pressing time is 30 s.

9. The method for preparing the fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S31, 0.5-2 parts of Aspergillus niger spores are mixed with 8-15 parts of bran and cultured at 25-33° C. for 48 hours; In step S32, the activated bacterial agent in S31 is evenly mixed with 90-110 parts of bagasse, and water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%-60%.

10. The method for preparing the fermentation bed composite bedding for cattle based on bacteria-enzyme synergy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of using composite padding includes the following steps: S1. Lay a fermentation layer on the ground of the cowshed with a thickness of 20-25cm; S2. Lay a slow-release layer on top of the fermentation layer with a thickness of 2-3 cm, ensuring that the PLA meltblown cloth completely covers the fermentation layer; S3. Lay a rice husk layer on top of the slow-release layer with a thickness of 10-15 cm; S4. When the surface rice husk layer becomes obviously compacted during bedding use, add new hydrophobic modified rice husks at a rate of 20-30% of the original rice husk layer. S5. The overall service life of the bedding is 8-12 months. After the expiration of the service life, the lower fermentation layer material will be recycled as organic fertilizer raw material.

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