Intelligent observation system and method for internal solitary wave

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of internal solitary wave observation, and relates to an internal solitary wave intelligent observation system, which comprises a priori submerged marker, a first anchoring device, a first control module, a first communication module, a storage module, a pressure sensor and a first floating ball; and an observation submerged marker, a second anchoring device, a second control module, a second communication module, an observation instrument and a second floating ball. The present application also discloses an internal solitary wave intelligent observation method, which comprises the following steps: S1, when the pressure sensor changes in pressure, the first control module starts an internal solitary wave judgment program and a time stamp calculation program; S2, the first control module encodes the time stamp, and transmits the encoded time stamp to the second communication module through the first communication module; and S3, the second communication module receives the signal and transmits the signal to the second control module, and the second control module controls the observation instrument to adjust from a low-frequency observation mode to a high-frequency observation mode. The present application reduces the energy consumption speed, prolongs the working time, and thus reduces the deployment cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of ocean solitary wave observation, and more specifically, to an intelligent system and method for observing solitary waves in the ocean. Background Technology

[0002] Internal solitary waves are large-amplitude, highly nonlinear waves active within the stratified ocean. Their amplitude can reach 240 meters, and their maximum horizontal velocity can approach 2-3 meters per second. During propagation, they can also increase the maximum vertical mixing rate by three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, internal solitary waves exert enormous loads on underwater engineering projects such as oil piles. Therefore, accurate observation of internal solitary waves is crucial to ensuring the reliable operation of underwater engineering projects.

[0003] Currently, underwater observations of internal solitary waves are mainly based on moorings and buoys. To accurately capture characteristics such as the maximum amplitude, maximum wave-induced current velocity, and wave propagation direction of internal solitary waves, the sampling interval of the observation instruments needs to be less than 2 minutes. Traditional mooring observations generally use an equal-time sampling frequency, but maintaining a high sampling frequency of less than 2 minutes for an extended period means that the instrument's battery power is consumed quickly, the mooring's working time is shortened, and maintenance of the instrument is required frequently, resulting in significant manpower and time costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies that maintain a high sampling frequency for a long time, which leads to rapid battery consumption of the mooring. It provides an intelligent observation system and method for internal solitary waves, which reduces the rate of power consumption, extends the working time of the mooring, and thus reduces the deployment cost of the internal solitary wave observation system.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves is provided, comprising a priori mooring and an observation mooring:

[0007] The prior art buoy includes a first mooring device, an intelligent early warning unit, a pressure sensor, and a first buoy connected in sequence. The first mooring device and the first buoy cooperate to keep the intelligent early warning unit underwater. At a depth, the pressure sensor is located at a preset water depth. At this location, the pressure sensor is used to record water pressure data;

[0008] The observation mooring includes a second mooring device, an intelligent observation unit, observation instruments, and a second buoy connected in sequence. The second mooring device and the second buoy cooperate to keep the intelligent observation unit underwater. At the depth, the observation instrument is used to record changes in hydrological elements; the prior underwater mooring is deployed upstream of the observation underwater mooring along the direction of internal solitary wave propagation.

[0009] The intelligent early warning unit includes a first control module, a first communication module and a storage module connected to the first control module by signals. The first control module stores an internal solitary wave judgment program and a timestamp. The calculation program is used to determine the existence of internal solitary waves based on the water pressure data and to calculate the timestamp when the observation instrument enters high-frequency observation mode. At the same time, timestamp The acoustic signals are encoded, the storage module stores the water pressure data and intermediate data from the first control module, and the first communication module transmits timestamped data to the intelligent observation unit. Acoustic signals of information;

[0010] The intelligent observation unit includes a second control module and a second communication module with signal connections. The second communication module is used to receive the timestamped data. The second control module is used to parse the timestamp in the acoustic signal of the information. The second control module is also used to control the observation instrument to switch to a low-frequency observation mode after the observation instrument has maintained the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time.

[0011] In the intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves of this invention, the prior underwater buoy continuously monitors water pressure changes via a pressure sensor. When an abnormal pressure is detected, the first control module in the intelligent early warning unit automatically initiates the internal solitary wave judgment program. When an internal solitary wave is present, it is detected via a timestamp. The calculation program calculates the timestamp for entering high-frequency observation mode. Then the timestamp The acoustic signals are encoded and transmitted to the observation mooring via the first communication module. The intelligent observation unit within the mooring receives the signals via the second communication module and uses the second control module to precisely decode the timestamp. The system controls the observation instrument to switch to high-frequency observation mode at a specified time to fully record the hydrological data when the internal solitary wave passes through. The observation instrument operates in high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, and then automatically returns to low-frequency observation mode. The first mooring device works in conjunction with the first buoy to keep the first communication module underwater. At a certain depth, the second mooring device works in conjunction with the second buoy to keep the second communication module submerged. At a depth that facilitates communication between the intelligent early warning unit and the intelligent observation unit, the pressure sensor in the pre-set underwater buoy is located at a predetermined water depth. The first mooring unit is used to record water pressure data, while the observation instruments in the observation mooring unit are used to record changes in hydrological elements. The prior mooring unit is deployed upstream of the observation mooring unit along the direction of internal solitary wave propagation, ensuring that the prior mooring unit can detect the internal solitary wave first. The storage module stores water pressure data and intermediate data from the first control module, facilitating subsequent data analysis of the internal solitary wave. This invention achieves intelligent observation through dual mooring unit collaboration, enabling "event triggering - precise early warning - on-demand sampling," significantly reducing energy consumption while ensuring data quality. The observation instruments operate in a low-power, low-frequency sampling mode most of the time, only briefly activating a high-power, high-frequency mode before the arrival of the predicted internal solitary wave. This significantly reduces battery energy consumption, greatly extending the working life of each mooring unit deployment. Due to the extended battery life, the intervals between mooring unit retrieval and battery replacement or maintenance are greatly increased, reducing the manpower, vessel, and time costs required for mooring unit deployment and retrieval at sea, significantly lowering long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned Obtain it by following these steps:

[0013] The propagation direction of the internal solitary wave was obtained by analyzing the historical observation records of the sea area where the prior underwater mooring was located;

[0014] The vertical profile of the sound speed is calculated based on the conditions of the sea area where the prior underwater mooring is located. The vertical profile of the sound speed is expressed by the following formula:

[0015]

[0016] in, This represents the change in sound speed with depth. This represents the profile of climatological temperature as a function of depth. This represents the profile of climatological salinity as a function of depth. Indicates depth;

[0017] The depth at which the minimum sound speed occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile of the sound speed. .

[0018] The depth at which the minimum sound speed occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile of the sound speed. The preliminary mooring is deployed at a predetermined location. Based on the propagation direction of isolated waves recorded in historical observations at this location, the subsequent deployment location of the observation mooring is determined. A vertical sound speed profile is calculated based on the sea area conditions, and the depth at which the minimum sound speed occurs is then obtained from the vertical profile. By installing the first communication module and the second communication module underwater Deploying moorings at depth, specifically along the acoustic channel axis, effectively reduces propagation energy loss, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of communication between moorings. This formula for calculating the vertical sound velocity profile, by precisely coupling temperature, salinity, and depth parameters, achieves high-precision prediction of the ocean's vertical sound velocity profile. This provides crucial information for determining the optimal acoustic communication depth, ensuring low-loss transmission of acoustic signals in the optimal acoustic channel, and thus enhancing the reliability of communication between prior and observation moorings.

[0019] Furthermore, in the direction of propagation of the internal solitary wave, the distance between the prior buoy and the observed buoy is... The The interval is greater than 9 kilometers. The use of an interval of more than 9 kilometers is mainly to take into account both the distance limitations of acoustic communication and the minimum required distance for internal solitary wave early warning. Under the condition of acoustic communication, it ensures that the observation mooring can be notified in a timely manner to conduct high-frequency observations, so that the acoustic signal can always arrive before the internal solitary wave reaches the observation mooring, avoiding missed observation data and thus improving the accuracy of observation.

[0020] This invention also provides an intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves, applied to an intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. When the pressure sensor detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, the time is recorded. The first control module initiates the internal solitary wave detection program. When the internal solitary wave detection program determines that an internal solitary wave has occurred, it starts a timestamp. The calculation program calculates the timestamp when the observation instrument begins its high-frequency observation mode. ;

[0022] S2, the first control module timestamp The signal is encoded and converted into an acoustic signal, which is then transmitted from the first communication module to the second communication module.

[0023] S3: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module controls the observation instrument to switch from low-frequency observation mode to high-frequency observation mode. After the observation instrument maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, it switches to low-frequency observation mode.

[0024] When the pressure sensor detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, the first control module initiates an internal solitary wave detection program. If the detection result indicates the presence of an internal solitary wave, it uses a timestamp... The calculation program calculates the timestamp. The first communication module will use the timestamp encoded by the first control module. The acoustic signal is sent to the second communication module, and finally the second control module adjusts the operating mode of the observation instrument. The observation instrument in this invention operates in a low-power, low-frequency sampling mode most of the time, only briefly activating a high-power, high-frequency mode before the arrival of the predicted internal solitary wave, and then switching to a low-frequency observation mode after a first preset time. This significantly reduces the rate of battery energy consumption, greatly extending the operational life of the mooring vessel per deployment. Due to the extended battery life, the time intervals for battery replacement or maintenance are greatly increased, reducing the manpower, vessel, and time costs required for mooring retrieval and deployment at sea, and significantly lowering long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S1, the internal solitary wave determination procedure includes the following steps:

[0026] S11, Record The pressure data is ,in Indicates the current moment. This indicates the current position in the time series. The sampling time interval of the pressure sensor; recorded. The pressure data at time is Calculate the pressure difference at two time points. ;

[0027] S12, when it appears Record time Start counting If the next moment Still calculated When, then record. And so on, when At that time, the time stamp for the observation instrument to enter high-frequency observation mode is calculated. ,in ;

[0028] S13, If the next moment Calculated Calculate in sequence and Pressure difference at any moment ,like If all values ​​are greater than 0, then the recorded time... Reset to zero and repeat step S12. The internal solitary wave judgment program achieves reliable identification of the real internal solitary wave signal through continuous pressure difference monitoring and a counting trigger mechanism, effectively avoiding false triggering and ensuring that the observation instrument accurately starts the high-frequency observation mode only before the real internal solitary wave arrives.

[0029] Further, in step S1, the timestamp The calculation procedure includes the following steps:

[0030] S14. Calculate the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave. ;

[0031] S15. Based on the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observed buoy. ;

[0032] S16. Based on the time of arrival of the internal solitary wave at the observed mooring. Determine the timestamp when the observation instrument enters high-frequency observation mode. Timestamp The calculation process first involves accurately predicting the propagation velocity of the internal solitary wave. Based on the propagation speed of internal solitary waves The time of arrival at the observation mooring was calculated, and the timestamp for starting high-frequency observation was determined. This enabled intelligent and precise triggering of the high-frequency observation mode of the observation instrument, ensuring complete capture of internal solitary wave characteristics while minimizing energy consumption.

[0033] Further, in step S14, the calculation of the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave... Includes the following steps:

[0034] S141, will Pressure value at any moment converted to depth value And calculate the amplitude of the internal solitary wave:

[0035]

[0036] in, The amplitude of the internal solitary wave. for Depth value at time, To preset water depth, To determine the moment when the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave passes;

[0037] S142. Based on the prior longitude, latitude, and time of the underwater mooring. Determine the season at the location and obtain the climatological temperature profile as a function of depth for that season. and the profile of salinity as a function of depth Using climatological temperature profiles and climatological salinity profile Calculate density And calculate the buoyancy frequency:

[0038]

[0039] in The frequency of buoyancy. It is the acceleration due to gravity. The density of seawater, seawater density exist Rate of change in direction;

[0040] S143. Solve the vertical mode equations of the internal waves:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] in Represents the linear phase velocity of the wave. Vertical coordinates The total depth of the fluid layer. Represents the vertical modal structure function of the internal wave;

[0044] S144. Calculate the nonlinear parameters based on the solution of the internal wave vertical mode equation. :

[0045] ;

[0046] S145. Based on the solution of the internal wave vertical mode equation, the preset water depth is obtained through interpolation calculation. Internal wave mode value at ;

[0047] S146. Based on the internal wave mode value Calculate the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave :

[0048]

[0049] in This represents the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave. for The maximum value in depth;

[0050] S147. Based on nonlinear parameters and the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave Calculate the propagation speed of an internal solitary wave. : Through multi-parameter coupled calculation and internal solitary wave mode analysis, high-precision prediction of the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves was achieved, providing key velocity parameters for high-frequency observation triggering of observation instruments, ensuring complete capture of internal solitary wave characteristics, and optimizing energy efficiency.

[0051] Furthermore, in step S15, the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to arrive at the observed buoy... The calculation method is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] in, To determine the moment when the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave passes, Let be the distance between the prior mooring and the observed mooring along the direction of the inner solitary wave propagation. This is achieved by combining the inner solitary wave propagation velocity *c* with the distance between the prior mooring and the observed mooring along the direction of the inner solitary wave propagation. The time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observed buoy was calculated. This provides a crucial time reference for the precise triggering of subsequent high-frequency observation modes, ensuring that the observation system starts high-frequency data acquisition at the optimal time.

[0054] Further, in step S16, the timestamp for entering the high-frequency observation mode is determined. The method is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] in, This is the second preset time. The timestamp calculation method incorporates this second preset time. As a lead time, the observation instrument can start the high-frequency observation mode in advance before the internal solitary wave actually arrives, ensuring complete capture of key data in the early stage of the waveform, while avoiding data omission due to response delay.

[0057] Furthermore, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0058] S31. The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module decodes the acoustic signal and restores the timestamp. information;

[0059] S32, The second control module will timestamp The data is transmitted to the observation instrument, causing the observation instrument to receive the internal solitary wave sampling time. At this time, increase the sampling frequency and enter high-frequency observation mode;

[0060] S33, when When the timer reaches the first preset time, the second control module starts timing. When the timer reaches the first preset time, it automatically controls the observation instrument to reduce the sampling frequency and switch to low-frequency observation mode. Acoustic signals are received through the second communication component, decoded by the second control component, and the observation instrument is controlled. This achieves intelligent switching of the observation instrument's sampling mode, ensuring that high-frequency observation mode is automatically activated before the arrival of the internal solitary wave and that low-frequency sampling mode is promptly restored after the internal solitary wave ends. This significantly reduces system energy consumption while ensuring data integrity.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0062] 1. The observation instruments in the underwater glider are mostly in a low-power, low-frequency observation mode, and only briefly switch to a high-power, high-frequency observation mode before the arrival of the predicted internal solitary wave. The battery energy consumption rate is significantly reduced, which greatly extends the working life of the underwater glider in a single deployment.

[0063] 2. The extended battery life greatly increases the interval between the need for retrieval and battery replacement or maintenance of the mooring, reducing the manpower, vessel and time costs required for retrieval and deployment at sea, and significantly reducing the long-term operation and maintenance costs of the entire observation system.

[0064] 3. The observation instrument can start the high-frequency observation mode before the arrival of the internal solitary wave, ensuring that it can capture key characteristic information such as the maximum amplitude and maximum flow velocity of the internal solitary wave, resulting in high observation quality and reducing invalid data. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves, with arrows indicating the direction of propagation of internal solitary waves.

[0066] Figure 2 Procedures for identifying internal solitary waves and timestamps Flowchart of the calculation procedure;

[0067] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of internal solitary wave observation for a priori underwater buoy;

[0068] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an internal solitary wave observation for a buoy.

[0069] In the attached diagram: 100, first mooring device; 200, intelligent early warning unit; 300, pressure sensor; 400, first buoy; 500, second mooring device; 600, intelligent observation unit; 700, observation instrument; 800, second buoy. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, representing schematic diagrams rather than actual physical objects, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0071] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present application. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] This embodiment is the first embodiment of the intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves, including a priori moorings and observation moorings:

[0074] The preliminary underwater mooring device includes a first mooring device 100, an intelligent early warning unit 200, a pressure sensor 300, and a first buoy 400 connected in sequence. The first mooring device 100 and the first buoy 400 cooperate to keep the intelligent early warning unit 200 underwater. At the depth, pressure sensor 300 is located at the preset water depth. At this location, pressure sensor 300 is used to record water pressure data;

[0075] The observation mooring includes a second mooring device 500, an intelligent observation unit 600, an observation instrument 700, and a second buoy 800 connected in sequence. The second mooring device 500 and the second buoy 800 work together to keep the intelligent observation unit 600 underwater. At depth, the observation instrument 700 is used to record changes in hydrological elements; the prior underwater mooring is deployed upstream of the observation mooring along the direction of internal solitary wave propagation.

[0076] The intelligent early warning unit 200 includes a first control module, a first communication module and a storage module connected to the first control module by signals. The first control module stores an internal solitary wave judgment program and a timestamp. The calculation program is used to determine the existence of internal solitary waves based on water pressure data and to calculate the timestamp when the observation instrument 700 enters high-frequency observation mode. At the same time, timestamp The acoustic signals are encoded, the storage module stores water pressure data and intermediate data from the first control module, and the first communication module transmits timestamped data to the intelligent observation unit 600. Acoustic signals of information;

[0077] The intelligent observation unit 600 includes a second control module and a second communication module for signal connection. The second communication module is used to receive signals with timestamps. The second control module is used to parse the timestamp in the acoustic signal of the information. The information is used to control the observation instrument 700 to enter the high-frequency observation mode. The second control module is also used to control the observation instrument 700 to switch to the low-frequency observation mode after it has maintained the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time.

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, in the intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves of the present invention, the prior underwater buoy continuously monitors water pressure changes through the pressure sensor 300. When an abnormal pressure is detected, the first control module in the intelligent early warning unit 200 automatically initiates the internal solitary wave judgment program. When an internal solitary wave is present, it is detected by a timestamp. The time stamp for the calculation program to enter high-frequency observation mode Then the timestamp The acoustic signals are encoded and transmitted to the observation mooring via the first communication module. The intelligent observation unit 600 within the mooring receives the signals via the second communication module and then precisely decodes them using the second control module. The instrument 700 is controlled to switch to high-frequency observation mode at a specified time to fully record the hydrological data when the internal solitary wave passes through. After the internal solitary wave has passed the observation mooring buoy, the instrument 700 automatically returns to low-frequency observation mode. The first mooring device 100 works in conjunction with the first buoy 400 to keep the first communication module underwater. At depth, the second mooring device 500 works in conjunction with the second buoy 800 to keep the second communication module submerged. At a depth that facilitates communication between the intelligent early warning unit 200 and the intelligent observation unit 600, the pressure sensor 300 in the pre-set underwater buoy is located at a preset water depth. The first mooring is used to record water pressure data. The second mooring instrument 700 is used to record changes in hydrological elements. In this embodiment, the position of the observation instrument 700 can be adjusted arbitrarily according to actual observation needs. The prior mooring is deployed upstream of the observation mooring along the direction of internal solitary wave propagation to ensure that the prior mooring can detect the internal solitary wave first. This invention achieves intelligent observation of "event triggering - precise early warning - on-demand sampling" through dual mooring collaboration, significantly reducing energy consumption while ensuring data quality. The observation instrument 700 is in a low-power, low-frequency sampling mode most of the time, and only briefly starts a high-power, high-frequency mode before the arrival of the predicted internal solitary wave. The battery energy consumption rate is significantly reduced, which greatly extends the working life of the mooring per deployment. Due to the extended battery life, the time interval for mooring to be retrieved and replaced or maintained is greatly increased, reducing the manpower, vessel, and time costs required for mooring retrieval and deployment at sea, and significantly reducing long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0079] Depth in this embodiment Obtain it by following these steps:

[0080] The propagation direction of the internal solitary wave was obtained by analyzing historical observation records of the sea area where the prior underwater mooring was located;

[0081] Calculate the vertical profile of sound speed based on the conditions of the sea area where the buoy is located;

[0082] The depth at which the minimum sound speed occurs is obtained from a vertical profile based on the sound speed. The preliminary mooring was deployed at a predetermined location. Based on the main propagation direction of isolated waves recorded in historical observations at this location, the subsequent deployment location of the observation mooring was determined. The depth at which the minimum sound speed occurred was calculated based on the sea area conditions. By installing the first communication module and the second communication module underwater Deploying the buoys at depth, specifically along the acoustic axis, can effectively reduce the loss of acoustic propagation energy, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of communication between the buoys.

[0083] The prior mooring was deployed upstream of the observation mooring along the direction of internal solitary wave propagation, and the distance between the prior mooring and the observation mooring was recorded. This ensures that the preliminary underwater mooring vessel can detect internal solitary waves first. A pressure sensor 300 is deployed on the preliminary underwater mooring vessel to record water pressure data, which is then combined with a preset water depth. And the sampling time interval ∆t, which is used for subsequent determination of internal solitary waves.

[0084] The vertical profile of the sound velocity in this embodiment is expressed by the following formula:

[0085]

[0086] in, This represents the change in sound speed with depth. This represents the profile of climatological temperature as a function of depth. This represents the profile of climatological salinity as a function of depth. The formula for calculating the speed of sound, by precisely coupling temperature, salinity, and depth parameters, enables high-precision prediction of the vertical profile of ocean sound speed. This provides a crucial basis for determining the optimal acoustic communication depth, ensuring low-loss transmission of acoustic signals in the optimal acoustic channel, thereby enhancing the reliability of communication between prior and observation moorings.

[0087] Distance between the prior buoy and the observed buoy along the direction of internal solitary wave propagation The interval is greater than 9 kilometers. The use of an interval of more than 9 kilometers is mainly to take into account both the distance limitations of acoustic communication and the minimum required distance for internal solitary wave early warning. Under the condition of acoustic communication, it ensures that the observation mooring can be notified in a timely manner to conduct high-frequency observations, so that the acoustic signal can always arrive before the internal solitary wave reaches the observation mooring, avoiding missed observation data and thus improving the accuracy of observation.

[0088] In this embodiment, the first preset time can be set to 40-60 minutes. The sampling frequency in high-frequency observation mode is once every two minutes, and the sampling frequency in low-frequency observation mode is once every hour. The preset water depth of the pressure sensor 300... The distance can be selected from 200 to 250 meters, and the sampling time interval ∆t of the pressure sensor 300 can be 5 to 15 seconds.

[0089] In this embodiment, the first mooring device 100 and the second mooring device 500 refer to components that fix the mooring buoy to the target depth by gravity or mechanical anchoring, including but not limited to pressure blocks and anchor chains. When the pressure block scheme is used, the preliminary mooring buoy and the observation mooring buoy rely on the gravity of the pressure block and the buoy to achieve depth control; when the anchoring scheme is used, the preliminary mooring buoy and the observation mooring buoy are connected to the seabed anchor point by anchor chains.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] This embodiment is the first embodiment of the intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves, including the following steps:

[0092] S1. When the pressure sensor 300 detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, the time is recorded. The first control module initiates the internal solitary wave detection program. When the internal solitary wave detection program determines that an internal solitary wave has occurred, it starts a timestamp. The calculation program calculates the timestamp of the observation instrument 700 starting high-frequency observation mode. ;

[0093] S2, The first control module timestamp The signal is encoded and converted into an acoustic signal, which is then transmitted from the first communication module to the second communication module.

[0094] S3: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module controls the observation instrument 700 to switch from low-frequency observation mode to high-frequency observation mode. After the observation instrument 700 maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, it switches to low-frequency observation mode.

[0095] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S1, the internal solitary wave determination procedure includes the following steps:

[0096] S11, Record The pressure data is ,in Indicates the current moment. This indicates the current position in the time series. The sampling time interval of pressure sensor 300; recorded. The pressure data at time is Calculate the pressure difference at two time points. Pressure data in this embodiment It is a positive number;

[0097] S12, when it appears Record time Start counting If the next moment Still calculated When, then record. And so on, when At that time, the time stamp for the observation instrument 700 to enter high-frequency observation mode is calculated. ,in ;

[0098] S13, If the next moment Calculated Calculate in sequence and Pressure difference at any moment ,like If all values ​​are greater than 0, then the recorded time... Reset to zero and repeat step S12. The internal solitary wave judgment program achieves reliable identification of the real internal solitary wave signal through continuous pressure difference monitoring and a counting trigger mechanism, effectively avoiding false triggering and ensuring that the observation instrument 700 accurately starts the high-frequency observation mode only before the real internal solitary wave arrives.

[0099] In step S1, the timestamp The calculation procedure includes the following steps: S14, Calculate the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave. ;

[0100] S15. Based on the propagation speed of internal solitary waves Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observed buoy. ;

[0101] S16. Based on the time of arrival of the internal solitary wave at the observed buoy. Determine the timestamp when the observation instrument 700 enters high-frequency observation mode. Timestamp The calculation process first involves accurately predicting the propagation velocity of the internal solitary wave. Based on the propagation speed of internal solitary waves The arrival time of the observation mooring is calculated, and the timestamp for starting high-frequency observation is determined. This enables intelligent and precise triggering of the 700 high-frequency observation mode of the instrument, ensuring complete capture of internal solitary wave characteristics while minimizing energy consumption. In this embodiment, the preset pressure change value can be selected as 30 dBa.

[0102] In step S14, the propagation velocity of the internal solitary wave is calculated. Includes the following steps:

[0103] S141, will Pressure value at any moment converted to depth value And calculate the amplitude of the internal solitary wave:

[0104]

[0105] in The amplitude of the internal solitary wave. for Depth value at time, To preset water depth, To determine the moment when the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave passes;

[0106] S142. Based on the prior longitude, latitude, and time of the underwater mooring. Determine the season at the location and obtain the climatological temperature profile as a function of depth for that season. and the profile of salinity as a function of depth Using climatological temperature profiles and climatological salinity profile Calculate density And calculate the buoyancy frequency:

[0107]

[0108] in The frequency of buoyancy. It is the acceleration due to gravity. The density of seawater, seawater density exist Rate of change in direction;

[0109] S143. Solve the vertical mode equations of the internal waves:

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] in Represents the linear phase velocity of the wave. Vertical coordinates The total depth of the fluid layer. Represents the vertical modal structure function of the internal wave;

[0113] S144. Calculate the nonlinear parameters based on the solution of the internal wave vertical mode equation. :

[0114] ;

[0115] S145. Based on the solution of the internal wave vertical mode equation, the preset water depth is obtained through interpolation calculation. Internal wave mode value at ;

[0116] S146. Based on the internal wave mode value Calculate the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave :

[0117]

[0118] in This represents the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave. for The maximum value in depth;

[0119] S147. Based on nonlinear parameters and the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave Calculate the propagation speed of an internal solitary wave. : Through multi-parameter coupled calculation and internal solitary wave mode analysis, high-precision prediction of the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves was achieved, providing key velocity parameters for the high-frequency observation triggering of the Observation Instrument 700, ensuring the complete capture of the dynamic characteristics of internal solitary waves, and optimizing energy utilization efficiency.

[0120] The time of arrival of the internal solitary wave at the observed buoy in step S15 The calculation method is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] in, To determine the moment when the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave passes, Let be the distance between the prior and observed moorings along the direction of the inner solitary wave propagation. This is achieved by combining the inner solitary wave propagation velocity *c* with the distance between the prior and observed moorings along the direction of the inner solitary wave propagation. The time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observed buoy was calculated. This provides a crucial time reference for the precise triggering of subsequent high-frequency observation modes, ensuring that the observation system starts high-frequency data acquisition at the optimal time.

[0123] In step S16, the timestamp for entering the high-frequency observation mode is determined. The method is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] in, This is the second preset time. The timestamp calculation method incorporates this second preset time. As a lead time, the observation instrument 700 can start the high-frequency observation mode in advance before the actual arrival of the internal solitary wave, ensuring complete capture of key data in the early stage of the waveform, while avoiding data omission due to response delay. The second preset time in this embodiment... You can choose 15-20 minutes.

[0126] In this embodiment, the internal wave vertical mode equation without background flow is used as the equation for calculating the propagation velocity of the internal solitary wave. Alternatively, the internal solitary wave vertical mode equation with background flow or the DJL equation can be used for calculation.

[0127] Example 3

[0128] This embodiment is the second embodiment of the intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves. This embodiment is similar to Embodiment 2, except that step S3 includes the following steps:

[0129] S31. The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module decodes the acoustic signal and restores the timestamp. information;

[0130] S32, the second control module will timestamp The data is transmitted to the observation instrument 700, causing the observation instrument 700 to receive the internal solitary wave sampling time. At this time, increase the sampling frequency and enter high-frequency observation mode;

[0131] S33, when At that time, the second control module starts timing. When the timing reaches the first preset time, it automatically controls the observation instrument 700 to reduce the sampling frequency and switch to low-frequency observation mode. Acoustic signals are received through the second communication component, decoded by the second control component, and the observation instrument 700 is controlled. This achieves intelligent switching of the observation instrument 700's sampling mode, ensuring that high-frequency observation is automatically activated before the arrival of the internal solitary wave and that the low-frequency sampling mode is promptly restored after the internal solitary wave ends. This significantly reduces system energy consumption while ensuring data integrity.

[0132] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of an internal solitary wave observation of a priori mooring. The horizontal axis represents observation time, the vertical axis represents depth, and the color changes represent seawater temperature. The black solid line represents pressure changes over time, and the white pentagon represents the time it took for the internal solitary wave to pass through the priori mooring, as determined by the intelligent early warning unit 200. . Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an internal solitary wave observation of a buoy. The horizontal axis represents observation time, the vertical axis represents depth, and the color changes indicate seawater temperature. The solid black line represents the time when the instrument 700 entered high-frequency observation mode. The black dashed line represents the time it takes for the observation instrument 700 to switch to low-frequency observation mode.

[0133] Figure 3 , Figure 4 The distance between the prior and observed moorings is 22.164 kilometers. Historical research indicates that the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave in the observed sea area is 282° (0° north). The angle between the distance between the two moorings and the main propagation direction of the internal solitary wave in this sea area is 50°. Therefore, based on trigonometric relationships, the distance between the two moorings can be projected onto the main propagation direction of the internal solitary wave to correct the distance between them in the internal solitary wave propagation direction. The corrected distance is 14.24 km, which is greater than 9 km, and meets the requirements for the relative position of the prior mooring and the observation mooring.

[0134] like Figure 3 As shown, during the observation period, an internal solitary wave passed through the prior mooring observation point, during which its velocity and temperature both experienced severe disturbances. The arrival time of this internal solitary wave was 05:07. The prior mooring acquired pressure changes over time using a pressure sensor 300 deployed at a depth of 218 meters. Figure 3 The black solid line in the image represents the change in pressure data over time. Using an internal solitary wave detection algorithm, the passage time of the internal solitary wave trough can be accurately determined. Figure 3 As shown in the pentagon. Figure 4 As shown, according to the algorithm, the high-frequency observation mode started at 6:34 and ended at 7:14. The same internal solitary wave was observed passing through the observation mooring point, with its trough passing at 6:57. Figure 4 As shown by the solid black line and the dashed black line, the high-frequency observation mode of the Observation Instrument 700 fully covers the entire passage of the internal solitary wave.

[0135] In the specific implementation of the above embodiments, the technical features can be combined in any non-contradictory way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the above technical features are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features is not contradictory, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0136] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves, characterized in that, Including preliminary moorings and observation moorings: The prior art buoy includes a first mooring device (100), an intelligent early warning unit (200), a pressure sensor (300), and a first buoy (400) connected in sequence. The first mooring device (100) and the first buoy (400) cooperate to keep the intelligent early warning unit (200) underwater. At a depth, the pressure sensor (300) is located at a preset water depth. At this location, the pressure sensor (300) is used to record water pressure data; The observation mooring includes a second mooring device (500), an intelligent observation unit (600), an observation instrument (700), and a second buoy (800) connected in sequence. The second mooring device (500) and the second buoy (800) cooperate to keep the intelligent observation unit (600) underwater. At the depth, the observation instrument (700) is used to record changes in hydrological elements; the prior mooring is deployed upstream of the observation mooring along the direction of internal solitary wave propagation. The intelligent early warning unit (200) includes a first control module, a first communication module and a storage module connected to the first control module by signals. The first control module stores an internal solitary wave judgment program and a timestamp. The calculation program is used to determine the existence of internal solitary waves based on the water pressure data and to calculate the timestamp when the observation instrument (700) enters the high-frequency observation mode. At the same time, timestamp The acoustic signal is encoded, the storage module is used to store the water pressure data and the intermediate data of the first control module, and the first communication module is used to transmit timestamped data to the intelligent observation unit (600). Acoustic signals of information; The intelligent observation unit (600) includes a second control module and a second communication module with signal connections. The second communication module is used to receive the timestamped data. The second control module is used to parse the timestamp in the acoustic signal of the information. The second control module is also used to control the observation instrument (700) to enter the high-frequency observation mode after the observation instrument (700) has maintained the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, and then control it to switch to the low-frequency observation mode. The Obtain it by following these steps: The propagation direction of the internal solitary wave was obtained by analyzing the historical observation records of the sea area where the prior underwater mooring was located; The vertical profile of the sound speed is calculated based on the conditions of the sea area where the prior underwater mooring is located. The vertical profile of the sound speed is expressed by the following formula: in, This represents the change in sound speed with depth. This represents the profile of climatological temperature as a function of depth. This represents the profile of climatological salinity as a function of depth. Indicates depth; The depth at which the minimum sound speed occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile of the sound speed. .

2. The intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the direction of propagation of the internal solitary wave, the distance between the prior buoy and the observed buoy is The Greater than 9 kilometers.

3. An intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves, applied to the intelligent observation system for internal solitary waves as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. When the pressure sensor (300) detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, it records the time. The first control module initiates the internal solitary wave detection program. When the internal solitary wave detection program determines that an internal solitary wave has occurred, it starts a timestamp. The calculation program calculates the timestamp when the observation instrument (700) begins high-frequency observation mode. ; S2, the first control module timestamp The signal is encoded and converted into an acoustic signal, which is then transmitted from the first communication module to the second communication module. S3: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module controls the observation instrument (700) to switch from low-frequency observation mode to high-frequency observation mode. After the observation instrument (700) maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, it switches to low-frequency observation mode.

4. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, the internal solitary wave determination procedure includes the following steps: S11, Record The pressure data is ,in Indicates the current moment. This indicates the current position in the time series. The sampling time interval of the pressure sensor (300); recorded. The pressure data at time is Calculate the pressure difference between the two time points. ; S12, when it appears Record time Start counting If the next moment Still calculated When, then record. And so on, when When an internal solitary wave is detected, the timestamp is activated. The calculation program, in which ; S13, If the next moment Calculated Calculate in sequence and Pressure difference at any moment ,like If all values ​​are greater than 0, then the recorded time Clear to zero and repeat step S12.

5. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, the timestamp The calculation procedure includes the following steps: S14. Calculate the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave. ; S15. Based on the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observed buoy. ; S16. Based on the time when the internal solitary wave arrives at the observed buoy. Determine the timestamp when the observation instrument (700) enters high-frequency observation mode. .

6. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S14, the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave is calculated. Includes the following steps: S141, will Pressure value at any moment converted to depth value And calculate the amplitude of the internal solitary wave: in, The amplitude of the internal solitary wave. for Depth value at time, To preset water depth, To determine the moment when the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave passes; S142. Based on the longitude, latitude, and time of the prior underwater mooring location. Determine the season at the location and obtain the climatological temperature profile as a function of depth for that season. and the profile of climatological salinity with depth Using the aforementioned changing profile and the aforementioned change profile Calculate density And calculate the buoyancy frequency. : in, The frequency of buoyancy. It is the acceleration due to gravity. The density of seawater, seawater density exist Rate of change in direction; S143, based on buoyancy frequency Solve the internal wave vertical mode equations: Where c0 represents the wave linear phase velocity, Vertical coordinates The total depth of the fluid layer. Represents the vertical modal structure function of the internal wave; S144. Calculate the nonlinear parameters based on the solution of the internal wave vertical mode equation. : ； S145. Based on the solution of the internal wave vertical mode equation, the preset water depth is obtained through interpolation calculation. Internal wave mode value at the location ; S146. Based on the internal wave mode value Calculate the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave : in, This represents the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave. for The maximum value in depth; S147. Based on nonlinear parameters and the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave Calculate the propagation speed of an internal solitary wave. : .

7. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S15, the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to arrive at the observed buoy. The calculation method is as follows: in, To determine the moment when the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave passes, The distance between the prior buoy and the observed buoy in the direction of internal solitary wave propagation.

8. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S16, the timestamp of the observation instrument (700) entering the high-frequency observation mode is determined. The method is as follows: in, This is the second preset time.

9. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3 includes the following steps: S31. The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module decodes the acoustic signal and restores the timestamp. information; S32, The second control module will timestamp The data is transmitted to the observation instrument (700), causing the observation instrument (700) to receive the internal solitary wave sampling time. At this time, increase the sampling frequency and enter high-frequency observation mode; S33, when When the second control module starts timing, after the timing reaches the first preset time, it automatically controls the observation instrument (700) to reduce the sampling frequency and switch to low-frequency observation mode.

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