Water-oil acid sustained-release granules, ganoderma lucidum culture medium and preparation method, method for improving fresh ganoderma lucidum quality and application

Abstract

The application provides a water-oil acid slow-release particle, a ganoderma lucidum culture medium and a preparation method, a method for improving fresh ganoderma lucidum quality and application, and specifically belongs to the technical field of edible and medicinal mushroom cultivation. The application provides a water-oil acid slow-release particle which is composed of a water-absorbing expansion core, a separation layer and a coating layer. The water-oil acid slow-release particle can keep the moisture in the ganoderma lucidum culture medium, especially in the later stage of industrial production of ganoderma lucidum, meet the moisture demand of ganoderma lucidum, and promote the increase of the size and weight of ganoderma lucidum. The water-oil acid slow-release particle can solve the problem of water supplement in the process of ganoderma lucidum factory cultivation and even soilless cultivation, and the obtained ganoderma lucidum has higher content of effective components and better quality; in combination with the treatment method after ganoderma lucidum matures, the quality of the industrial cultivation fresh ganoderma lucidum can be improved and kept, and the shelf life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible and medicinal fungi cultivation technology, specifically relating to a water-oleic acid slow-release granule, a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and its preparation method, a method for improving the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Fresh Ganoderma lucidum is a fresh agricultural product obtained by cultivating Ganoderma lucidum in an artificially controlled climate environment using modern industrial cultivation methods. Its model is similar to the industrial cultivation of edible fungi such as enoki mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms. Because it is not affected by the external environment, it can provide fresh Ganoderma lucidum to the market every day of the year through periodic planned inoculation cultivation. Due to its long cultivation cycle and other growth characteristics, Ganoderma lucidum differs from other edible fungi cultivated on grass. Factory cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum has its own unique characteristics and problems: Because of the soilless cultivation method, the moisture in the substrate bags is fully prepared during the initial culture medium preparation. Later, the mycelium receives very little moisture from the artificial environment. Especially after the Ganoderma lucidum begins to release spores, excessively high humidity can cause the spores on the caps of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum to become damp, leading to sticking or mold, affecting appearance, quality, and safety. Furthermore, from inoculation to fruiting body packaging and sale, Ganoderma lucidum typically takes 4 to 6 months. During the mycelial culture stage, most of the moisture in the culture medium is consumed. By the fruiting stage, especially in the later stages of production, the moisture in the substrate bags is often very low. Consequently, the size and weight of the final Ganoderma lucidum are often inferior to those obtained from substrate bags of the same size that are cut and covered with soil (where the mycelium can obtain moisture from the natural soil). Therefore, the issue of moisture replenishment during the cultivation process is a problem that needs to be solved in factory cultivation and even soilless cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. Solving this problem can improve the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum products. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water-oleic acid slow-release granule, a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and its preparation method, a method for improving the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum, and its application. The water-oleic acid slow-release granule of this invention has slow-release properties, which can replenish moisture to the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum during the fruiting stage, promote the growth and development of fruiting bodies, and obtain fresh Ganoderma lucidum with better appearance.

[0004] This invention provides a water-oleic acid sustained-release granule, which consists of a water-absorbing and swelling core, an isolation layer, and a coating layer;

[0005] The raw materials used to prepare the water-absorbing and swelling core include premixed powder, homogenizing liquid, wetting agent and water; the premixed powder includes the following components: sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite, binder and trehalose; the homogenizing liquid includes the following components: oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch;

[0006] The isolation layer comprises oilseed meal powder;

[0007] The coating layer comprises the following components: shellac, ethyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol.

[0008] Preferably, the wetting agent includes edible alcohol or anhydrous ethanol; the binder includes any one or more of gum arabic, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, gelatin and agar; and the oilseed meal powder includes soybean meal powder, peanut meal powder, rapeseed meal powder, sesame meal powder or sunflower seed meal powder.

[0009] Preferably, the premixed powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-65 parts sodium polyacrylate, 20-25 parts polyacrylamide, 10-15 parts bentonite, 1.5-2.5 parts binder, and 1.5-2.5 parts trehalose; the oleic acid accounts for 40-50% of the mass of the premixed powder; the sodium octyl succinate starch accounts for 20-30% of the mass of the oleic acid; the wetting agent accounts for 10-15% of the mass of the premixed powder; the isolation layer accounts for 5-15% of the mass of the water-absorbing and swelling core; and the coating layer accounts for 3-6% of the total mass of the water-absorbing and swelling core and the isolation layer.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the water-oleic acid sustained-release particles is 3 to 6 mm.

[0011] This invention also provides a method for preparing the water-oleic acid sustained-release particles described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite, binder and trehalose are mixed to obtain a premixed powder; oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch are mixed and homogenized to obtain a homogenized liquid; the premixed powder, homogenized liquid and wetting agent are mixed, granulated, dried, sieved and immersed in water for 30-60 minutes to obtain a water-absorbing and swelling core.

[0013] The water-absorbing and expanding core is mixed with oilseed meal powder and granulated to obtain granules containing an isolation layer;

[0014] The particles containing the isolation layer are coated and dried to obtain water-oil slow-release particles.

[0015] The present invention also provides a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, comprising the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules described in the above technical solution or the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, sterilized premix and water.

[0016] Preferably, the sterilized premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2% lime powder or gypsum powder, 45-75% sawdust, 20-47% excipients, and 0-1% sucrose; the excipients include any one or more of rice bran, wheat bran, corn cob powder, sugarcane bagasse powder, cottonseed hulls, corn flour, and soybean flour; the mass of the water-oleic acid slow-release granules is 10-15% of the sterilized premix; and the mass of the water is 1.4-1.8 times the total mass of the water-oleic acid slow-release granules and the sterilized premix.

[0017] This invention provides a method for improving the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Ganoderma lucidum is inoculated into the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium described in the above technical solution for cultivation, and mature Ganoderma lucidum is obtained.

[0019] Preferably, the method further includes performing a gradient dormancy treatment on the mature Ganoderma lucidum, the gradient dormancy treatment including a first-stage dormancy treatment and a second-stage dormancy treatment; the conditions for the first-stage dormancy treatment include: temperature: 15-25℃, humidity: 40-65%, carbon dioxide concentration: 1-2%, dark, and placement for 8-12 hours; the second-stage dormancy treatment includes: packaging in an environment with a light intensity ≤50lx, the packaging including: placing the Ganoderma lucidum that has undergone the first-stage dormancy treatment into a fully sealed packaging box, and placing a preservative with moisture-absorbing and oxygen-absorbing functions inside the packaging box.

[0020] This invention also provides the application of the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules described in the above-described technical solutions, or the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules prepared by the preparation method described in the above-described technical solutions, or the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium described in the above-described technical solutions, in any one or more of the functions shown in ① to ④:

[0021] ①Increase the moisture content of the culture medium during the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation stage;

[0022] ②Increase the diameter, thickness, and weight of Ganoderma lucidum;

[0023] ③ Increase the triglyceride content in Ganoderma lucidum spore oil;

[0024] ④ Extend the shelf life of fresh Ganoderma lucidum.

[0025] This invention provides a water-oleic acid sustained-release granule. The coating layer of the water-oleic acid sustained-release granule decomposes relatively slowly and possesses suitable hydrophobic properties, giving the granules sustained-release properties. During the fruiting stage of Ganoderma lucidum, as the mycelium grows and matures, the coating layer of the sustained-release granule gradually decomposes, allowing the mycelium to penetrate into the granule and absorb and utilize the moisture inside. The water-oleic acid sustained-release granule of this invention can replenish the moisture of the mycelium during the fruiting stage of Ganoderma lucidum, thereby enabling the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body to grow and develop fully, resulting in fresh Ganoderma lucidum with a better appearance. Simultaneously, oleic acid is also added to the water-oleic acid sustained-release granule of this application, which can stimulate the generation of more triglyceride functional components during the spore release stage after the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body matures, thereby increasing the content of triglyceride functional components in Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0026] This invention further provides a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, which contains the water-oleic acid slow-release granules, sterilized premix, and water described in the above-mentioned technical solution of this invention. During the mycelial cultivation stage, Ganoderma lucidum mainly utilizes the water added to the culture medium, while during the fruiting stage, it utilizes the water inside the water-oleic acid slow-release granules. Cultivating Ganoderma lucidum using the culture medium of this invention can improve the quality of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0027] Fresh Ganoderma lucidum products are prone to surface water seepage during the sales process. This water seepage, which wets the spore powder on the cap, affecting the product's appearance and even leading to mold growth, thus compromising safety. Furthermore, the freshness of Ganoderma lucidum rapidly declines after water seepage, losing its unique mushroom aroma and flavor, potentially replaced by fermented or rotten odors, thereby damaging product quality. Therefore, the shelf life of fresh Ganoderma lucidum is generally short, only about 3-7 days. This invention, through a gradient dormancy treatment of fresh Ganoderma lucidum before shipment, significantly extends the product's shelf life to approximately 21 days. During this shelf life, the Ganoderma lucidum does not release water, preventing the spore powder on the cap from affecting the product's appearance. The fresh Ganoderma lucidum remains tender, juicy, and fragrant throughout the shelf life, greatly improving product quality. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 A flowchart for the cultivation of fresh Ganoderma lucidum provided by this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] This invention provides a water-oleic acid sustained-release granule, which consists of a water-absorbing and swelling core, an isolation layer, and a coating layer;

[0031] The raw materials used to prepare the water-absorbing and swelling core include premixed powder, homogenizing liquid, wetting agent and water; the premixed powder includes the following components: sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite, binder and trehalose; the homogenizing liquid includes the following components: oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch;

[0032] The isolation layer comprises oilseed meal powder;

[0033] The coating layer comprises the following components: shellac, ethyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol.

[0034] The raw materials for preparing the water-absorbing and swelling core of the present invention include premixed powder, homogenized liquid, wetting agent, and water. The premixed powder includes the following components: sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite, binder, and trehalose. The binder includes any one or more of gum arabic, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, gelatin, and agar. Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, and bentonite all have water absorption and water retention properties. Sodium polyacrylate has the strongest water absorption capacity, so it is used in the largest quantity. In addition to water absorption, polyacrylamide also has the high viscosity and flocculation effects due to its large molecular weight, which can make the overall support structure of the particles better, more resilient, and stronger. It is not easy to be broken or have its structure destroyed during subsequent processing such as mixing and stirring of culture medium. Similarly, bentonite also provides higher mechanical support to the particles in addition to water absorption, making the particles stronger. The binder mainly plays the role of bridging and bonding, and also strengthens the support of the particles, making them stronger, with higher mechanical processing strength, and less likely to be destroyed by subsequent processing. It also has a certain water absorption and water retention function. While all four have water-absorbing properties, albeit to varying degrees, they also offer other functions with different focuses, such as bridging, flocculation, adhesion, and support. Using them in combination ensures the granules retain water while simultaneously strengthening the overall structural support of the granules from different dimensions, making them more durable and less prone to damage during mixing and other processing. Trehalose, as a humectant, primarily has a strong water-retention effect, enhancing the water retention and locking properties of the granules in the early stages of cultivation and providing slow-release water supply in the later stages. In a specific embodiment, the premixed powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-65 parts of sodium polyacrylate, specifically 60, 62, or 65 parts; 20-25 parts of polyacrylamide, specifically 20, 25, 21, or 22 parts; 10-15 parts of bentonite, specifically 10, 12, 13, or 15 parts; 1.5-2.5 parts of binder, specifically 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 parts; and 1.5-2.5 parts of trehalose, specifically 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 parts. In this invention, the specific weight portions of each component in the premixed powder achieve a balance in terms of water absorption, water retention and slow-release effect, and particle structure strength, representing the optimal formula summarized from cultivation pack preparation experiments and cultivation trials. An inappropriate formulation can result in insufficient particle strength, making the particles easily damaged or highly lost during storage, transportation, or later culture pack preparation, thus rendering them ineffective. Premixed powders with excessively high water absorption can cause particle breakage, while insufficient water absorption leads to poor water supply or retention. This results in the coating being damaged, causing the core water to be immediately absorbed or diffused into the culture medium, failing to provide a slow-release effect. The homogenized liquid described in this invention comprises the following components: oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch.In a specific embodiment, the oleic acid accounts for 40-50% of the mass of the premixed powder, specifically 40%, 45%, or 50%; the sodium octyl succinate starch accounts for 20-30% of the mass of the oleic acid, specifically 20%, 25%, or 30%. In this embodiment, the oleic acid is mainly used to stimulate the production and accumulation of more active ingredient trioleate in Ganoderma lucidum during the later stages of cultivation. However, excessive use of oleic acid can inhibit the growth of Ganoderma lucidum to some extent, and the accumulation of trioleate will no longer increase, which will also affect the stability of the particle structure, leading to easy particle breakage. The amount of oleic acid used in this invention was determined through extensive preliminary experiments, and the amount should not be too high. Sodium octyl succinate starch emulsifies and encapsulates oleic acid, and also exhibits good stability for oleic acid. If oleic acid is added directly to premixed powder to prepare granules without encapsulation, the stability of the granules will be affected. After a period of storage, the internal structure of the granules will gradually dissociate and loosen, making them prone to breakage. Oleic acid is easily precipitated and aggregated, causing mycelia to directly contact high concentrations of oleic acid, which can inhibit growth and lead to reduced spore production. It also has no positive effect on the accumulation (increased content) of trioleic acid esters. Oleic acid only has a positive effect on the accumulation of trioleic acid esters under encapsulation and slow-release conditions. The specific addition amount of sodium octyl succinate starch (20-30% of the oleic acid mass) can emulsify, encapsulate, slow-release, and improve the stability of the granule structure of oleic acid. This was mainly obtained through the analysis and summary of a large amount of preliminary experimental data. In a specific embodiment, the wetting agent includes edible alcohol or anhydrous ethanol. In a specific embodiment, the alcohol content of the edible alcohol is ≥95%. In a specific embodiment, the mass of the wetting agent is 10-15% of the mass of the premixed powder, specifically 10%, 12%, or 15%.

[0035] The isolation layer of this invention comprises oilseed meal powder. In a specific embodiment, the oilseed meal powder is pulverized and sieved before use, with the sieve mesh size being 80 mesh. In a specific embodiment, the mass of the isolation layer is 5-15% of the mass of the water-absorbing and swelling core, specifically 5%, 10%, 12%, or 15%. The addition of the oilseed meal powder is mainly to coat the surface of the gel particles with a thin powder layer, which prevents the particles from sticking together and facilitates the adhesion of the coating liquid to the particles to form a coating layer during the coating process. In a specific embodiment, the oilseed meal powder includes soybean meal powder, peanut meal powder, rapeseed meal powder, sesame meal powder, or sunflower seed meal powder.

[0036] The coating layer of this invention comprises the following components: shellac, ethyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol. In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of shellac, ethyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol is 5:2:3. In a specific embodiment, the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 6000-20000, specifically 6000, 8000, or 20000. In a specific embodiment, the coating layer is prepared by mixing shellac, ethyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol with a solvent to form a coating solution. In a specific embodiment, the solvent can be edible alcohol or anhydrous ethanol. In a specific embodiment, the total mass percentage of shellac, ethyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol in the coating solution is 6-12%, specifically 6%, 8%, 10%, or 12%. In a specific embodiment, the mass of the coating layer is 3-6% of the total mass of the water-absorbing and swelling core and the insulating layer, that is, after spraying the coating solution, the particle weight increases by 3-6%, specifically 3%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.5%, or 6%.

[0037] Because the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules are not involved in the sterilization process when subsequently added to the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium (high-temperature treatment would damage the sustained-release functional structure of the granules), the raw and auxiliary materials used in the production of water-oleic acid sustained-release granules must be food-grade or pharmaceutical-grade materials, or sterilized and purified before use. The granulation process is carried out in a Class 100,000 cleanroom, and the granules are sealed and packaged after production to prevent contamination. For example, bentonite is sterilized before use.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the particle size of the water-oleic acid sustained-release particles is 3-6 mm.

[0039] This invention also provides a method for preparing the water-oleic acid sustained-release particles described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0040] Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite, binder and trehalose are mixed to obtain a premixed powder; oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch are mixed and homogenized to obtain a homogenized liquid; the premixed powder, homogenized liquid and wetting agent are mixed, granulated, dried, sieved and immersed in water for 30-60 minutes to obtain a water-absorbing and swelling core.

[0041] The water-absorbing and expanding core is mixed with oilseed meal powder and granulated to obtain granules containing an isolation layer;

[0042] The particles containing the isolation layer are coated and dried to obtain water-oil slow-release particles.

[0043] This invention involves uniformly mixing sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite, binder, and trehalose to obtain a premixed powder. It also involves mixing oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch, homogenizing the mixture to obtain a homogenized liquid. In a specific embodiment, homogenization is performed using a homogenizer to uniformly mix the oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch. After obtaining the premixed powder and homogenized liquid, the invention mixes the premixed powder, homogenized liquid, and wetting agent, and then granulates. In a specific embodiment, a wet granulation method can be used. In a specific embodiment, the invention first adds the premixed powder to a wet granulator, then sprays all the homogenized liquid through an atomizer, and then sprays the wetting agent through an atomizer for granulation. This invention, by first thoroughly mixing and encapsulating the oleic acid and sodium octyl succinate starch through homogenization and emulsification, and then spraying them into the premixed powder through an atomizer, ensures that the oleic acid exists uniformly and stably in the particles, preventing overflow or damage to the particle structure stability. This enhances particle strength and provides better slow-release of oleic acid during the post-cultivation stage when it is utilized by the mycelium. Drying after granulation. This invention does not specifically limit the drying method; conventional post-granulation drying methods are acceptable, specifically boiling drying or vacuum drying, at a temperature of 55–65°C. After drying, the granules are sieved. In a specific embodiment, the sieve mesh size is 40 mesh. After sieving, the granules are immersed in water for 30–60 minutes, specifically 30, 40, 45, or 60 minutes, to obtain a water-absorbing and swelling core. In a specific embodiment, the water includes purified water.

[0044] After obtaining the water-absorbing and expanding core, the present invention drains the water, mixes the water-absorbing and expanding core with oilseed meal powder, and granulates to obtain granules containing an isolation layer. In a specific embodiment, a disc granulator can be used for granulation. The present invention adds the water-absorbing and expanding core into the disc granulator, and adds the oilseed meal powder while the disc is rotating. This causes the surface of the granules to be evenly coated with a thin layer of powder.

[0045] After obtaining particles containing an isolation layer, the present invention coats the particles containing the isolation layer and dries them to obtain water-oil slow-release particles. The coating process of the present invention is performed using a coating machine. In a specific embodiment, the particles containing the isolation layer are first placed into the coating machine, and then a coating solution is sprayed in. In a specific embodiment, the concentration of the coating solution is 6-12%, and the solvent is edible alcohol or anhydrous ethanol. After the coating layer is formed, the present invention dries the particles, which may be done by baking.

[0046] The present invention also provides a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, comprising the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules described in the above technical solution or the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, sterilized premix and water.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the sterilization premix comprises the following components by weight: 1-2% lime powder or gypsum powder, 45-75% sawdust, 20-47% auxiliary materials, and 0-1% sucrose. In a specific embodiment, the auxiliary materials include any one or more of rice bran, wheat bran, corn cob powder, sugarcane bagasse powder, cottonseed hulls, corn flour, and soybean flour. When cultivating organic Ganoderma lucidum, the auxiliary materials do not include cottonseed hulls. In a specific embodiment, the sawdust can be from species such as those in the Fagaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Salicaceae, and Fabaceae families, or can be sawdust obtained from pruning branches of fruit trees such as apple, pear, lychee, and longan. In a specific embodiment, the mass of the water-oleic acid slow-release granules is 10-15% of the sterilization premix, and can further be 10%, 12%, 14%, or 15%. In a specific embodiment, the mass of the water is 1.4 to 1.8 times the total mass of the water-oleic acid slow-release granules and the sterilized premix, and can further be 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, or 1.8 times. In a specific embodiment, the water includes purified water or sterile water. In a specific embodiment, the aerobic bacteria in the purified water must be ≤100 cfu / ml. The water selection of this invention ensures that the culture medium contains only a limited low concentration of bacteria or is sterile, without affecting the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the preparation method of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium includes the following steps: sieving sawdust and excipients, mixing with lime powder or gypsum and sucrose, and sterilizing to obtain a sterilized premix; mixing the sterilized premix with water-oleic acid slow-release granules and water. In a specific embodiment, the sawdust and excipients (excluding cottonseed hulls) are sieved to a mesh size of 5. In a specific embodiment, the sterilization method can be high-pressure sterilization, with a temperature of 121°C and a sterilization time of 2–2.5 hours. In a specific embodiment, the sterilization method can also be atmospheric pressure sterilization, with a temperature of 100°C and a sterilization time of 8–10 hours. After sterilization, the sterilized premix is ​​removed and cooled in a Class 100,000 cleanroom, and then operated according to the cleanroom requirements. Water-oleic acid slow-release granules are added to the sterilized premix, mixed, and then water is added and stirred evenly to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention can be packaged into culture bags using an automatic bagging and ringing production line. The culture pack of this invention can be 35cm×20cm in size, with each pack weighing approximately 1500g. After packing, it is sent to a sterile inoculation room (Class 10,000 clean area) for inoculation.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention comprises water-oleic acid slow-release granules, sterilized premix, and water. The water is sterile or contains very low levels of bacteria. The premix is ​​sterilized. The coating layer on the surface of the water-oleic acid slow-release granules is sterile and contains no nutrients. The pharmaceutical-grade and food-grade raw materials inside are also sterile or contain limited levels of bacteria. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention is kept as sterile as possible. Even if very low levels of bacteria are introduced due to the raw materials inside the water-oleic acid slow-release granules, these bacteria are only released in the later stages of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. At this time, Ganoderma lucidum is already the dominant bacteria in the culture medium. The small amount of bacteria present in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium will not affect the growth of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0050] This invention provides a method for improving the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Ganoderma lucidum is inoculated into the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium described in the above technical solution for cultivation, and mature Ganoderma lucidum is obtained.

[0052] This invention does not impose any specific limitations on the cultivation method of Ganoderma lucidum; conventional Ganoderma lucidum cultivation methods can be used. In a specific embodiment, this invention refers to the method of invention patent CN 1849869 B for mycelial cultivation and fruiting body cultivation. In a specific embodiment, the conditions for mycelial cultivation can be: temperature 23-30℃, relative humidity 60-70%, with ventilation and protection from light, for 45-55 days. After the mycelium has fully colonized the cultivation bag, it is then cultivated at a temperature of 20-24℃ for 10-15 days for proliferation cultivation to complete the mycelial cultivation. In a specific embodiment, the fruiting body cultivation can include: cultivation at 24-30℃, relative humidity 60-70%, and light intensity of 300-500 Lx for 70-90 days. In a specific embodiment, the Ganoderma lucidum includes Ganoderma lucidum var. rubrum.

[0053] After the Ganoderma lucidum matures, in a specific embodiment, the method further includes subjecting the mature Ganoderma lucidum to a gradient dormancy treatment, which includes a first-stage dormancy treatment and a second-stage dormancy treatment. The conditions for the first-stage dormancy treatment include: temperature: 15-25℃, humidity: 40-65%, carbon dioxide concentration: 1-2%, darkness, and placement for 8-12 hours. The second-stage dormancy treatment includes packaging under an environment with a light intensity ≤50lx, wherein the packaging includes placing the Ganoderma lucidum that has undergone the first-stage dormancy treatment into a fully sealed packaging box, and placing a preservative with moisture-absorbing and oxygen-absorbing functions inside the packaging box. In a specific embodiment, during the second-stage dormancy treatment, the temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration are consistent with the first-stage dormancy conditions. In a specific embodiment, the Ganoderma lucidum that has undergone the first-stage dormancy treatment, along with the culture pack, is placed together in a fully sealed packaging box. In this invention, the amount of preservative added is 50-100g / culture pack. In a specific embodiment, the preservative is placed in a breathable preservation bag to obtain a preservation bag. In a specific embodiment, the packaging box may have a groove for securing the preservation bag; alternatively, it may have a support clip for the culture pack to secure it. These packaging components effectively prevent damage to the fresh Ganoderma lucidum during transportation. In another embodiment, the lid or front of the packaging box may have a brown light-blocking film window, allowing consumers to easily observe the condition of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum inside. In yet another embodiment, after the gradient dormancy treatment is completed, the fresh Ganoderma lucidum is transported and sold at an temperature of 2–20°C. The gradient dormancy treatment and the temperature settings for transportation and sales in this invention significantly extend the product's shelf life.

[0054] This invention also provides the application of the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules described in the above-described technical solutions, or the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules prepared by the preparation method described in the above-described technical solutions, or the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium described in the above-described technical solutions, in any one or more of the functions shown in ① to ④:

[0055] ①Increase the moisture content of the culture medium during the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation stage;

[0056] ②Increase the diameter, thickness, and weight of Ganoderma lucidum;

[0057] ③ Increase the triglyceride content in Ganoderma lucidum spore oil;

[0058] ④ Extend the shelf life of fresh Ganoderma lucidum.

[0059] This invention provides a water-oleic acid sustained-release granule.

[0060] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with embodiments, provides a water-oleic acid sustained-release granule, a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and its preparation method, a method for improving the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum, and its applications. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] The Ganoderma lucidum used in this embodiment of the invention is Ganoderma lucidum var. rubrum.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite (sterilized), gum arabic, and trehalose were mixed evenly in a ratio of 65%:20%:10%:2.5%:2.5% (total mass 40 kg) to obtain a premixed powder. Then, 50% of the total amount of oleic acid was added to 30% of the total amount of oleic acid, and the mixture was homogenized using a homogenizer to obtain a homogenized liquid. The premixed powder is added to a wet granulator, and the entire homogenized liquid is sprayed in through an atomizer. Then, anhydrous ethanol, accounting for 15% of the total amount of premixed powder, is sprayed in through an atomizer for granulation. After granulation, the powder is dried and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. After sieving, the granules are immersed in purified water for 30 minutes. The granules expand after absorbing water. After the time is up, the water is drained and then added to a disc granulator. While the disc is rolling, soybean meal powder (sterilized) that has been pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve is added to make the surface of the granules evenly coated with a thin layer of powder. The final amount of soybean meal powder added is 5% of the weight of the granules after they have expanded due to water absorption. After being coated with powder, the granules are added to a coating machine and a 6% coating solution (solvent is anhydrous ethanol) is sprayed in. The coating powder in the coating solution is formulated as shellac: ethyl cellulose: polyethylene glycol (20000) = 50%: 20%: 30%. The coating is applied until the granules gain 3% of their weight. After the coating layer is dried, the material is discharged, and granular water and oleic acid slow-release material is obtained with an average particle size of about 3-6 mm.

[0064] A certain amount of sustained-release granules was added to a tissue homogenizer and crushed. A uniform sample was then taken, and its moisture content was found to be 95.45%. Based on the recorded data, the water absorption ratio of the sustained-release granules was calculated to be 21 times. The crushed sample was dried, collected, pulverized, and mixed. Following GB5009.168 "Determination of Fatty Acids in Food"—Method 1—oleic acid was extracted from the sample with isooctane, filtered, diluted to volume, and methylated. Gas chromatography was used for detection. Based on the moisture content detection data, the oleic acid content in the original water-containing sustained-release granules was calculated to be 1.30%. This indicates that oleic acid was transferred to the granules without significant loss during the process.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite (sterilized), xanthan gum, and trehalose were mixed evenly in a ratio of 60%:25%:12%:1.5%:1.5% (total mass 40 kg) to obtain a premixed powder. Then, 40% of the total amount of oleic acid was added to 20% of the total amount of oleic acid, and the mixture was homogenized using a homogenizer to obtain a homogenized liquid. Premixed powder is added to a wet granulator, and the entire homogenized liquid is sprayed in through an atomizer. Then, edible alcohol accounting for 10% of the total premixed powder is sprayed in through an atomizer for granulation. After granulation, the granules are dried and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. After sieving, the granules are immersed in purified water for 60 minutes. The granules absorb water and expand. After the time is up, the water is drained, and then the granules are added to a disc granulator. Peanut meal powder (sterilized) that has been crushed through an 80-mesh sieve is added while the disc is rolling, so that the surface of the granules is evenly coated with a thin layer of powder. The final amount of peanut meal powder added is 15% of the weight of the granules after water absorption and expansion. The powder-coated granules are added to a coating machine, and a 12% coating solution (solvent is anhydrous ethanol) is sprayed in. The coating powder formula in the coating solution is shellac: ethyl cellulose: polyethylene glycol (20000) = 50%: 20%: 30%. The coating is continued until the granules gain 6%. After drying, the granules are discharged, and the granular water and oleic acid slow-release material is obtained, with an average particle size of about 3-6 mm.

[0067] Sawdust and wheat bran were passed through a 5-mesh sieve and mixed evenly in a ratio of 75% sawdust, 23% wheat bran, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% sucrose. The premix was then put into an autoclave for sterilization at 121°C for 2.5 hours. After sterilization, the premix was removed and cooled in a Class 100,000 cleanroom. After cooling, it was operated according to the cleanroom requirements. Water and oleic acid slow-release granules, accounting for 15% of the premix, were added and mixed. Finally, purified water, accounting for 1.4 times the total mass of the above mixture, was added and stirred evenly to obtain Ganoderma lucidum culture medium. The culture medium was packaged into culture bags using an automatic bagging and ringing production line. The culture bags were 35cm × 20cm in size, with each bag weighing approximately 1500g. After packaging, the bags were sent to a sterile inoculation room (Class 10,000 cleanroom) for inoculation.

[0068] After inoculating Ganoderma lucidum into the above-mentioned culture package, the experimental group (Example 2 group) underwent mycelial cultivation and Ganoderma lucidum emergence culture according to the method of invention patent CN 1849869 B. The specific steps are as follows:

[0069] Mycelial culture: After inoculation, the culture packs are placed in a culture room in a vertical shelf arrangement or stacked on a wall. The temperature in the culture room is controlled at 23-30℃, the relative humidity at 60-70%, and ventilation and light protection are provided. After about 50 days of culture, the mycelium will have fully grown in the culture packs. Then, the mycelium is further cultured at 20-24℃ for another 10-15 days for proliferation.

[0070] Cultivation and fruiting: The cultivation process is carried out in a temperature-controlled, humidity-controlled, well-ventilated, light-transmitting, and heat-preserving cultivation room. The temperature of the cultivation room is 24-30℃, the relative humidity is 60-70%, and the light intensity is 300-500 Lx. Six culture packs are placed in a semi-transparent plastic loading box for fruiting cultivation, which takes 70-90 days until the Ganoderma lucidum matures.

[0071] Meanwhile, a control group was set up: the entire process of culture medium preparation, inoculation, mycelial culture, cultivation, and fruiting was controlled using method CN1849869 B.

[0072] Before the mycelium was fully cultivated and before the fruiting stage, and before the fruiting stage after the fruiting stage was matured and ready for shipment, the moisture content of the culture media of the two methods was measured after being crushed and mixed evenly with a tissue homogenizer. The Ganoderma lucidum and its spore powder obtained after the two methods were also collected. Fifty Ganoderma lucidum were randomly selected after drying, and the average values ​​of the maximum diameter (maximum diameter of a single Ganoderma lucidum), maximum thickness (maximum thickness of a longitudinal section of a single Ganoderma lucidum), and single weight were calculated. The Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was dried and its cell wall was broken and the spore oil extracted using the same method. The triglyceride content of the Ganoderma lucidum spore oil samples was determined (the detection method was developed based on comprehensive research of literature and experimental exploration, mainly referring to Zeng Ronghua et al., "Determination of Triglyceride Content in Ganoderma lucidum Spore Oil by HPLC", Chinese Licensed Pharmacist, 2012, 9(8) 17-19). The data are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.

[0073] Table 1. Results of moisture content in culture medium at different stages for different groups.

[0074]

[0075] Table 2. Specifications and quality results of Ganoderma lucidum obtained from different culture groups.

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] It is evident that, compared to the control group, the moisture content of the culture medium before fruiting of Ganoderma lucidum after mycelial cultivation and before shipment after fruiting of Ganoderma lucidum matures, as described in this invention, is increased by 29% and 46%, respectively. This increased moisture content in the culture medium during the fruiting stage is more conducive to the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, specifically resulting in larger Ganoderma lucidum (i.e., longer diameter, wider thickness, and heavier weight). Cultivating larger Ganoderma lucidum with the same size and weight of culture medium improves the commercial characteristics of fresh Ganoderma lucidum, making the product more appealing and thus more popular in the market. However, the invention patent CN 1849869 B does not solve the problem of water replenishment in soilless cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum; the same size culture bag cannot produce Ganoderma lucidum with a higher product conversion rate, i.e., larger and heavier Ganoderma lucidum.

[0079] On the other hand, this method, through a combination of maintaining a continuous supply of moisture in the culture medium, especially by increasing the total amount of available water in the culture medium during the emergence stage through slow-release methods, and by stimulating the accumulation of functional substances in Ganoderma lucidum during the emergence stage through slow-release oleic acid, significantly increases the content of triglycerides in the spore oil of the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder harvested after mature cultivation. Specifically, the content increases by 55%, or more than half. Triglycerides are a recent hot topic in the research of Ganoderma lucidum's effective components, and currently show great potential in the research of functions such as regulating blood lipids and inhibiting tumors and cancer. The increase in the content of effective components gives Ganoderma lucidum cultivated products a higher added value in promoting human health, and also enhances the potential for development and utilization in the deep processing of products in the fields of medicine and health care products.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite (sterilized), sodium alginate, and trehalose were mixed evenly in a ratio of 60%:21%:15%:2%:2% (total mass 40 kg) to obtain a premixed powder. Then, 45% of the total amount of oleic acid was added to 25% of the total amount of oleic acid, and the mixture was homogenized evenly using a homogenizer to obtain a homogenized liquid. The premixed powder is added to a wet granulator, and the entire homogenized liquid is sprayed in through an atomizer. Then, anhydrous ethanol, accounting for 12% of the total amount of premixed powder, is sprayed in through an atomizer for granulation. After granulation, the powder is dried and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. After sieving, the granules are immersed in purified water for 45 minutes. The granules swell after absorbing water. After the time is up, the water is drained and then added to a disc granulator. While the disc is rolling, rapeseed meal powder (sterilized) that has been pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve is added to make the surface of the granules evenly coated with a thin layer of powder. The final amount of rapeseed meal powder added is 10% of the weight of the granules after absorbing water and swelling. After being coated with powder, the granules are added to a coating machine and a 10% coating solution (solvent is anhydrous ethanol) is sprayed in. The coating powder in the coating solution is formulated as shellac: ethyl cellulose: polyethylene glycol (6000) = 50%: 20%: 30%. The coating is applied until the granules gain 4.5% of their weight. After the coating layer is dried, the material is discharged, and granular water and oleic acid slow-release material is obtained with an average particle size of about 3-6 mm.

[0082] Sawdust, corn cob powder, and soybean powder were sieved through a 5-mesh sieve and mixed evenly in the following proportions: sawdust 60%, cottonseed hulls 20%, corn cob powder 10%, soybean powder 8%, lime powder 2%, and sucrose 0%. The premix was then sterilized in an atmospheric pressure sterilizer at 100°C for 10 hours. After sterilization, the premix was removed and cooled in a Class 100,000 cleanroom. After cooling, the premix was processed according to the cleanroom requirements. Water and oleic acid slow-release granules, accounting for 12% of the premix, were added and mixed. Finally, purified water, accounting for 1.6 times the total mass of the above mixture, was added and stirred evenly to obtain Ganoderma lucidum culture medium. The culture medium was packaged into culture bags using an automatic bagging and ringing production line. The culture bags were 35cm × 20cm in size, with each bag weighing approximately 1500g. After packaging, the bags were sent to a sterile inoculation room (Class 10,000 cleanroom) for inoculation.

[0083] After inoculation, Ganoderma lucidum was cultured for mycelium and fruiting body according to the method in CN 1849869 B, as in Example 2. After the Ganoderma lucidum matured, it underwent a gradient dormancy treatment before shipment: the fresh Ganoderma lucidum was transferred to the shipping room of the industrialized Ganoderma lucidum cultivation plant, and the environmental conditions were artificially adjusted as follows: temperature: 15-25℃, humidity: 40%-65%, carbon dioxide concentration: 1-2%, and darkness was blocked for 8 hours to carry out the first stage of dormancy. Once the designated time has elapsed, workers enter the workshop and package the Ganoderma lucidum in an environment with light intensity controlled to ≤50lx. The packaging box uses a fully sealed, airtight top and bottom lid, with a compartment for securing the preservation bag inside and a support mechanism for the culture pack. The box lid has a brown light-blocking film window, allowing consumers to observe the condition of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum inside. A breathable preservation bag containing 100g of absorbent is placed in the preservation bag compartment, and then the fresh Ganoderma lucidum with the culture pack is placed entirely into the packaging box. The position of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum is secured by the support mechanism inside the box (to prevent damage during subsequent shipping and transportation). The box is then closed and sealed, completing the packaging and the second stage of dormancy treatment. After completing the gradient dormancy treatment, the fresh Ganoderma lucidum is transported at 12–20℃ and stored in a freezer at 2–6℃.

[0084] Three reference groups were set up, and fresh Ganoderma lucidum was cultivated, pre-shipment processed, transported and stored at the sales end according to the methods of CN 1849869 B, CN 106359551 A and CN 114467629B respectively. Among them, fresh Ganoderma lucidum was packaged in the packaging box of CN 203845126U.

[0085] Four experimental groups were simultaneously preserved for 21 days to assess the sensory quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum. Ten fresh Ganoderma lucidum were randomly selected from each experimental group, and after brushing off the spore powder from the cap surface and drying the surface moisture, they were separately crushed and mixed using a tissue homogenizer, and samples were taken to test the moisture content. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0086] Table 3 Sensory quality results of Ganoderma lucidum

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] It is evident that, when stored for up to 21 days, the sensory quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum produced by the method of this invention is significantly higher than that produced by other methods. Furthermore, the moisture content of fresh Ganoderma lucidum produced by this method is also the highest. Moisture retention is a crucial factor in maintaining the freshness of fresh products, which is beneficial for preserving the overall sensory quality of fresh products in terms of color, shape, texture, taste, and aroma.

[0090] Since the fresh Ganoderma lucidum in Example 3 maintained good quality as a fresh product even after being stored for 21 days, the preservation observation continued. By the 26th day, the fresh Ganoderma lucidum began to shrink and become thinner, and the aroma was greatly weakened. Therefore, the shelf life of fresh Ganoderma lucidum under this method was initially determined to be 21 days (three weeks).

[0091] The invention patent with authorization announcement number CN 1849869 B does not solve the problem of how to maintain or even improve the product quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum during its shelf life and extend its shelf life; the invention patent with application publication number CN 106359551 A provides a method for maintaining the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum with a product shelf life of one week. After one week, the Ganoderma lucidum begins to shrink and lose its aroma, resulting in a decline in freshness. The method of this invention can maintain product quality over a longer sales period and can provide products with better appearance; the invention patent with authorization announcement number CN114467629 B cannot solve the problem of the decline in the product's characteristics caused by the release of water from fresh Ganoderma lucidum. Moreover, compared with the method of this invention, the method of this invention further extends the shelf life of the product.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite (sterilized), agar, and trehalose were mixed evenly in a ratio of 62%:21%:13%:2%:2% (total mass 40 kg) to obtain a premixed powder. Oleic acid (45% of the total premix) was added to sodium octyl succinate starch (25% of the total oleic acid) and homogenized to obtain a homogenized liquid. The premixed powder was added to a wet granulator, and the entire homogenized liquid was sprayed in through an atomizer. Then, edible alcohol (12% of the total premix) was sprayed in through an atomizer for granulation. After granulation, the granules were dried and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. The granules were then immersed in purified water for 40 minutes, allowing them to absorb water and swell. After the time was up, the water was drained, and the granules were added to a disc granulator. Sterilized sesame meal powder (crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve) was added while the disc was rotating, ensuring a thin, even coating of the granules. The final amount of sesame meal powder added was 12% of the weight of the swelled granules. After being coated with powder, the granules are added to a coating machine and sprayed with a coating solution of 8% concentration (solvent is anhydrous ethanol). The coating solution contains a coating powder formula of shellac: ethyl cellulose: polyethylene glycol (8000) = 50%: 20%: 30%. The coating solution is applied until the granules gain 3.8% of their weight. After the coating layer is dried, the granular water and oleic acid slow-release material is obtained, with an average particle size of about 3-6 mm.

[0094] Sawdust, rice bran, corn cob powder, and corn flour were passed through a 5-mesh sieve and mixed evenly in the following proportions: sawdust 65%, rice bran 15%, corn cob powder 10%, corn flour 8%, lime powder 1%, and sucrose 1%. The premix was then sterilized in an atmospheric pressure sterilizer at 100°C for 8 hours. After sterilization, the premix was removed and cooled in a Class 100,000 cleanroom. After cooling, it was processed according to the cleanroom requirements. Water and oleic acid slow-release granules, accounting for 12% of the premix, were added and mixed. Finally, purified water, accounting for 1.6 times the total mass of the above mixture, was added and stirred evenly to obtain Ganoderma lucidum culture medium. The culture medium was packaged into culture bags using an automatic bagging and ringing production line. The culture bags were 35cm × 20cm in size, with each bag weighing approximately 1500g. After packaging, the bags were sent to a sterile inoculation room (Class 10,000 cleanroom) for inoculation.

[0095] After inoculation, Ganoderma lucidum was cultured for mycelium and fruiting body according to the method in CN 1849869 B, as in Example 2. After the Ganoderma lucidum matured, it underwent a gradient dormancy treatment before shipment: the fresh Ganoderma lucidum was transferred to the shipping room of the industrialized Ganoderma lucidum cultivation plant, and the environmental conditions were artificially adjusted as follows: temperature: 15-25℃, humidity: 40%-65%, carbon dioxide concentration: 1-2%, and darkness was blocked. It was placed for 12 hours to carry out the first stage of dormancy. Once the designated time has elapsed, workers enter the workshop and package the Ganoderma lucidum in an environment with light intensity controlled to ≤50 lx. The packaging box uses a fully sealed, airtight top and bottom lid, with a compartment for securing the preservation bag inside and a support mechanism for the culture pack. The box lid has a brown light-blocking film window, allowing consumers to observe the condition of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum inside. A breathable preservation bag containing 50g of absorbent is placed in the preservation bag compartment, and then the fresh Ganoderma lucidum with the culture pack is placed entirely into the packaging box. The position of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum is secured by the support mechanism inside the box (to prevent damage during subsequent shipping and transportation). The box is then closed and sealed, completing the packaging and the second stage of dormancy treatment. After completing the gradient dormancy treatment, the fresh Ganoderma lucidum is transported at 12–20℃ and stored in a freezer at 12–20℃.

[0096] Three control groups were set up. One experimental group of fresh Ganoderma lucidum was cultivated to maturity according to the method in Example 4, without undergoing the gradient dormancy treatment of this method. It was directly packaged in the CN 203845126 U packaging box, transported at 12–20℃, and then stored in a freezer at 12–20℃. Another experimental group of fresh Ganoderma lucidum was processed according to the method in Example 4, but only underwent the first stage of dormancy treatment before shipment. It was then packaged in the CN 203845126U packaging box, transported at 12–20℃, and then stored in a freezer at 12–20℃. The third experimental group of fresh Ganoderma lucidum was processed according to the method in Example 4, but skipped the first stage of dormancy before shipment, only undergoing the second stage of dormancy treatment (packaging). It was then transported at 12–20℃ and stored in a freezer at 12–20℃ upon arrival at the store.

[0097] The four experimental groups were simultaneously stored until day 21, and then the quality of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum in each group was examined according to the method in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0098] Table 4. Quality results of Ganoderma lucidum in different groups

[0099]

[0100] It is evident that the gradient dormancy treatment in this method plays an important role in maintaining the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum. Only by completing the two stages of gradient dormancy treatment in the correct order according to this method can the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum be fully guaranteed to remain unchanged during the sales and storage period.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] like Figure 1 As shown, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite (sterilized), gelatin, and trehalose were mixed evenly in a ratio of 65%:22%:10%:2%:1% (total mass 40 kg) to obtain a premixed powder. Then, 45% of the total amount of oleic acid was added to 25% of the total amount of oleic acid, and the mixture was homogenized evenly using a homogenizer to obtain a homogenized liquid. The premixed powder is added to a wet granulator, and the entire homogenized liquid is sprayed in through an atomizer. Then, 12% of the total amount of edible alcohol is sprayed in through an atomizer for granulation. After granulation, the powder is dried and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. After sieving, the granules are immersed in purified water for 40 minutes. The granules absorb water and expand. After the time is up, the water is drained and then added to a disc granulator. While the disc is rolling, soybean meal powder (sterilized) that has been pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve is added to make the surface of the granules evenly coated with a thin layer of powder. The final amount of soybean meal powder added is 12% of the weight of the granules after they have absorbed water and expanded. After being coated with powder, the granules are added to a coating machine and sprayed with a coating solution of 8% concentration (solvent is anhydrous ethanol). The coating powder in the coating solution is formulated as shellac: ethyl cellulose: polyethylene glycol (8000) = 50%: 20%: 30%. The coating solution is applied until the granules gain 4.0% of their weight. After the coating layer is dried, the granular water and oleic acid slow-release material is obtained, with an average particle size of about 3-6 mm.

[0103] Sawdust, bagasse powder, corn cob powder, and soybean powder were passed through a 5-mesh sieve and mixed evenly in the following proportions: sawdust 65%, bagasse powder 15%, corn cob powder 10%, soybean powder 8%, lime powder 1%, and sucrose 1%. The premix was then sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 2 hours. After sterilization, the premix was removed and cooled in a Class 100,000 cleanroom. After cooling, the mixture was processed according to cleanroom requirements, with the addition of 12% water and oleic acid slow-release granules. Finally, purified water, at 1.6 times the total mass of the mixture, was added and stirred evenly to obtain Ganoderma lucidum culture medium. The culture medium was packaged into culture bags using an automated bagging and ringing production line. Each culture bag was 35cm × 20cm and weighed approximately 1500g. After packaging, the bags were sent to a sterile inoculation room (Class 10,000 cleanroom) for inoculation. Inoculation was carried out every week using the same method, for a total of three batches of trial production.

[0104] After inoculation, Ganoderma lucidum was cultured for mycelium and fruiting body according to the method in CN 1849869 B, as in Example 2. After the Ganoderma lucidum matured, it underwent a gradient dormancy treatment before shipment: the fresh Ganoderma lucidum was transferred to the shipping room of the industrialized Ganoderma lucidum cultivation plant, and the environmental conditions were artificially adjusted as follows: temperature: 15-25℃, humidity: 40%-65%, carbon dioxide concentration: 1-2%, and darkness was blocked. It was placed for 12 hours to carry out the first stage of dormancy. Once the designated time has elapsed, workers enter the workshop and package the Ganoderma lucidum under an environment with light intensity controlled to ≤50lx. The packaging boxes use a fully sealed, airtight top and bottom lid, with slots inside for securing the preservation bags and a support mechanism for the culture pack. The lid has a brown light-blocking film window, allowing consumers to observe the condition of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum inside. A breathable preservation bag containing 80g of absorbent is placed in the preservation bag slot, and then the fresh Ganoderma lucidum with the culture pack is placed entirely into the packaging box. The position of the fresh Ganoderma lucidum is secured by the support mechanism inside the box (to prevent damage during subsequent shipping and transportation). The lid is then closed and sealed, completing the packaging and the second stage of dormancy treatment. After completing the gradient dormancy treatment, the fresh Ganoderma lucidum is transported at 6–12℃ and simultaneously shipped to specialty stores in three cities in Guangdong for trial sales. One batch is supplied each week, for a total of three batches. Once the products arrive at the stores, they are stored in freezers at 2–6℃ and sold. The initial shelf life of each batch is set at 21 days.

[0105] Three batches of fresh Ganoderma lucidum products were trial-produced and marketed using this method. Feedback from store managers and customers was collected, and all indicated that the fresh Ganoderma lucidum was thick, large, and had a rich aroma, significantly improving product quality. The product was also fresher than before, with a longer shelf life and stable quality throughout the shelf life, showing no mold. Upon opening the packaging, a rich mushroom aroma was immediately noticeable, with no other off-odors. Overall, the product's performance was satisfactory. After 21 days of storage, the fresh Ganoderma lucidum was observed to be large and still retained good freshness, with no bacterial contamination or off-odors. When harvested and used in soups, the soup was flavorful and aromatic, with a strong mushroom flavor and no other unpleasant tastes, resulting in a good eating experience.

[0106] Through three batches of trial production and sales, this method has proven to be effective and stable in improving and maintaining the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum.

[0107] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-oleic acid sustained-release granule, characterized in that, It consists of a water-absorbing and swelling core, an insulating layer, and a coating layer; The raw materials for preparing the water-absorbing and swelling core include premixed powder, homogenizing liquid, wetting agent, and water; the premixed powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-65 parts sodium polyacrylate, 20-25 parts polyacrylamide, 10-15 parts bentonite, 1.5-2.5 parts binder, and 1.5-2.5 parts trehalose; the homogenizing liquid comprises the following components: oleic acid and sodium octenyl succinate starch; the mass of oleic acid is 40-50% of the mass of the premixed powder; the mass of sodium octenyl succinate starch is 20-30% of the mass of oleic acid; and the mass of the wetting agent is 10-15% of the mass of the premixed powder. The isolation layer comprises oilseed meal powder; the mass of the isolation layer is 5-15% of the mass of the water-absorbing and swelling core. The coating layer comprises the following components: shellac, ethyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol; the mass of the coating layer is 3-6% of the total mass of the water-absorbing and swelling core and the insulating layer.

2. The water-oleic acid sustained-release granules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wetting agent includes edible alcohol or anhydrous ethanol; the binder includes any one or more of gum arabic, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, gelatin and agar; the oilseed meal powder includes soybean meal powder, peanut meal powder, rapeseed meal powder, sesame meal powder or sunflower seed meal powder.

3. The water-oleic acid sustained-release granules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the water-oleic acid sustained-release particles is 3~6 mm.

4. A method for preparing the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: Sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, bentonite, binder and trehalose are mixed to obtain a premixed powder; oleic acid and sodium octenyl succinate starch are mixed and homogenized to obtain a homogenized liquid; the premixed powder, homogenized liquid and wetting agent are mixed, granulated, dried, sieved and immersed in water for 30-60 minutes to obtain a water-absorbing and swelling core. The water-absorbing and expanding core is mixed with oilseed meal powder and granulated to obtain granules containing an isolation layer; The particles containing the isolation layer are coated and dried to obtain water-oil slow-release particles.

5. A Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, characterized in that, Includes the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 or the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules prepared by the preparation method described in claim 4, sterilized premix, and water.

6. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sterilization premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2% lime powder or gypsum powder, 45-75% sawdust, 20-47% auxiliary materials, and 0-1% sucrose; the auxiliary materials include any one or more of rice bran, wheat bran, corn cob powder, sugarcane bagasse powder, cottonseed hulls, corn flour, and soybean flour; the mass of the water-oleic acid slow-release granules is 10-15% of the sterilization premix; the mass of the water is 1.4-1.8 times the total mass of the water-oleic acid slow-release granules and the sterilization premix.

7. A method for improving the quality of fresh Ganoderma lucidum, comprising the following steps: Ganoderma lucidum is inoculated into the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium described in claim 5 or 6 for cultivation, and mature Ganoderma lucidum is obtained.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes performing a gradient dormancy treatment on mature Ganoderma lucidum, wherein the gradient dormancy treatment includes a first-stage dormancy treatment and a second-stage dormancy treatment. The conditions for the first stage of dormancy treatment include: temperature: 15~25℃, humidity: 40~65%, carbon dioxide concentration: 1~2%, dark, and placement for 8~12 hours; the second stage of dormancy treatment includes: packaging in an environment with light intensity ≤50 lx, wherein the packaging includes: placing the Ganoderma lucidum that has undergone the first stage of dormancy treatment into a fully sealed packaging box, and placing a preservative with moisture-absorbing and oxygen-absorbing functions inside the packaging box.

9. The application of the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or the water-oleic acid sustained-release granules prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4, or the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium according to claim 5 or 6, in any one of the functions described in ① to ③ or more: ①Increase the moisture content of the culture medium during the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation stage; ②Increase the diameter, thickness, and weight of Ganoderma lucidum; ③ Increase the content of triglycerides in Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

10. The application of the method according to claim 8 in extending the shelf life of fresh Ganoderma lucidum.

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