High-precision numerical control special lathe for worm gear slot machining

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of worm gear tooth groove machining, in particular to a high-precision numerical control special lathe for worm gear tooth groove machining, which comprises a machine tool body, a sliding cover arranged on one side of the machine tool body and a control panel arranged on the other side of the machine tool body; a workpiece clamping mechanism arranged on the inner side of the machine tool body, a tooth groove machining mechanism arranged on the other inner side of the machine tool body, a pre-cutting micro-disturbance assembly arranged on the front end of one side of the tooth groove machining mechanism and a couple of force vibration damping assemblies arranged on one side of the tooth groove machining mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the couple of force vibration damping assemblies are arranged, the initial engagement success rate and the tool blade life are improved, the steady-state cutting time is shortened, the tooth shape precision and the machining consistency are improved while the workpiece posture and the chip flow are kept stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of worm gear tooth groove machining technology, and in particular to a high-precision CNC lathe for worm gear tooth groove machining. Background Technology

[0002] Worm gear tooth grooving is a crucial step in precision tooth surface manufacturing, and its geometric accuracy, surface quality, and machining consistency directly affect transmission efficiency, noise, and lifespan. Existing CNC special-purpose lathes (including hobbing structures) typically achieve tooth grooving through a combination of a high-rigidity body, dual-guide linear feed, and electric spindle / reduction drive. The process includes stages such as workpiece clamping, idle positioning, initiation of cutting, stabilization of cutting, and tool retraction, among which the "initiation of cutting window" is the critical moment affecting quality.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese patent document CN117047200B, concerning a worm gear tooth groove machining lathe, proposes a hobbing assembly with a hobbing cylinder eccentrically connected to the outside of a central shaft. The hobbing cylinder is connected to the central shaft via a connector, and its position can be precisely adjusted using a first and a second limiting nut. During the machining of the worm gear tooth groove from shallow to deep, the hobbing assembly automatically increases the eccentricity of the hobbing cylinder through the spring force of a compression spring, achieving automatic adjustment of the hobbing cylinder and improving machining efficiency. However, consistent with traditional methods, due to the static friction peak at the initial contact of the cutting edge, the potential presence of a contamination film / oxide layer and microburrs on the workpiece surface, and the instantaneous radial force imbalance, the machine tool is prone to phenomena such as tool bite, screeching, and chatter. The cutting force is difficult to effectively manage in terms of phase and amplitude within the transmission chain, and instead acts more on the bed and guide rails in an exposed excitation form, leading to increased forced vibration and noise, unstable initial engagement, and disordered chip flow, resulting in surface scratches, built-up edge formation, and premature tool wear. After the initial cutting, if the motion relationship and stress state cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the working conditions, there may still be a risk of continuous pressure or interference during the tooth groove deepening stage, which will affect the subsequent surface quality and machining consistency. Therefore, this application discloses a high-precision CNC special lathe for worm gear tooth groove machining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth, in order to solve the problems of static friction peak and surface contamination / burr superposition radial force imbalance during the initial cutting, which causes the cutting force to be exposed and excite the bed guide rail, resulting in tool wear, chatter and surface defects; and if the motion force cannot adapt after the initial cutting, the tooth groove deepening stage is prone to continuous pressure or interference, which will damage the subsequent quality and consistency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-precision CNC special lathe for machining worm gear grooves, comprising: a machine tool body, a sliding cover provided on one side of the machine tool body, and a control panel provided on the other side of the machine tool body;

[0006] A workpiece clamping mechanism is provided inside one side of the machine tool body. The workpiece clamping mechanism includes a rotating table provided inside one side of the machine tool body. A bottom fixed seat is provided on the top surface of the rotating table. A worm gear workpiece is clamped on the bottom fixed seat. A top fixed seat is provided on one side of the machine tool body. The top fixed seat is used to assist in clamping and positioning the worm gear workpiece.

[0007] A tooth grooving mechanism is provided inside the machine tool body on the other side, and the tooth grooving mechanism is used to perform tooth grooving on the positioned worm gear workpiece;

[0008] A pre-cutting micro-disturbance component is disposed at one front end of the tooth groove machining mechanism. The pre-cutting micro-disturbance component is used to assist the cutting edge of the tool in the tooth groove machining mechanism to bite into the material more easily.

[0009] A couple vibration damping component is disposed on one side of the tooth grooving mechanism and moves in the opposite direction to the tooth grooving mechanism. The couple vibration damping component is used to counteract the radial force of the tooth grooving mechanism when it cuts the worm gear workpiece.

[0010] Preferably, the tooth groove machining mechanism includes a mounting bracket fixedly installed on one side of the machine tool body. Slide rails are provided on both sides of the mounting bracket near the worm gear workpiece. A main slide is slidably mounted on both slide rails. A drive rod is provided on the top side of the main slide. The drive rod is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic system at the top inside the machine tool body, and is used to drive the main slide to move up and down on the slide rails. A sliding sleeve is provided on one side of the main slide. A sliding plate is slidably mounted inside the sliding sleeve. A rotary motor is provided on one side of the sliding sleeve to drive the sliding plate to slide inside the sliding sleeve. A reduction motor is provided on one side of the sliding plate. A hobbing roller is nested at the output end of the reduction motor. The hobbing roller is detachable and replaceable for matching the tooth groove machining of different worm gear workpieces.

[0011] Preferably, the hobbing cutter is detachable and replaceable, and is used to match the tooth groove machining of different worm gear workpieces.

[0012] Preferably, the pre-cutting micro-disturbance assembly includes a receiving sleeve disposed on the other side of the sliding plate. The receiving sleeve is used to position the other end of the hobbing cutter. A resonant motor is disposed on one side of the receiving sleeve. An eccentric block is disposed at the output end of the resonant motor to drive the receiving sleeve to rotate, thereby driving the receiving sleeve to pre-vibrate the hobbing cutter.

[0013] Preferably, the force couple vibration damping assembly includes an auxiliary frame slidably mounted on two slide rails. A damping tool is provided on one side of the auxiliary frame. A positioning plate is provided on the side of the mounting frame near the slide rail. A groove is formed in the middle of the positioning plate. A sliding block is slidably mounted inside the groove. A rotating column is rotatably mounted inside the sliding block. A reversing drive wheel is provided on the rotating column. A first connecting rod is rotatably mounted on one side of the reversing drive wheel. The other side of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to one side of the main slide. A second connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the other side of the reversing drive wheel. The other side of the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to the auxiliary frame. When the main slide is driven downward by the hydraulic system, it pushes the first connecting rod to drive the reversing drive wheel to rotate. The rotation of the reversing drive wheel drives the second connecting rod to drive the auxiliary frame to move in the opposite direction. The damping tool is made of cemented carbide.

[0014] Preferably, in the initial state, when the main carriage drives the hobbing roller to contact the worm gear workpiece, the auxiliary frame simultaneously drives the damping cutter to contact the other side of the worm gear workpiece. The outer surface of the damping cutter can be set to a smooth state or the same blade shape as the hobbing roller, and the blade position is in an unsharpened state. The auxiliary frame can be set to a self-rotating state or a drive motor for driving the damping cutter to rotate actively can be set on the auxiliary frame.

[0015] Preferably, an arc-shaped groove is provided on one side of the positioning plate, and one side of the arc-shaped groove is connected to the sliding groove. An extension block is provided on one side of the reversing drive wheel, and a limit block is provided on one side of the extension block. The limit block is slidably installed inside the arc-shaped groove.

[0016] Preferably, the arc of the arc groove is consistent with the rotation arc of the reversing drive wheel. When the main slide continues to feed downward, the reversing drive wheel rotates under the drive of the first linkage rod, and the limiting block synchronously follows the reversing drive wheel to rotate inside the arc groove and into the slide groove.

[0017] Preferably, a return spring is provided at the bottom of the slide groove, and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block.

[0018] Preferably, a torsion spring is provided at the rotatable connection between the sliding block and the rotating column, and the torsion spring is used to drive the reversing drive wheel and the limit block to reset after the main slide is reset upward.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] 1. This high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth utilizes a force couple damping component. A counter-phase mechanism, consisting of the first and second linkages and the reversing drive wheel, causes the main cutting tool and the damping tool to "emerge simultaneously and in opposite directions" within the cutting window, forming an equal-amplitude, opposite-phase force couple. The main cutting force F1 and the damping reaction force F2 are effectively canceled out in the machine tool structure, significantly reducing exposed excitation and forced vibration of the guide rail, suppressing chatter, tool bite, and screeching peaks during initial cutting. The damping tool is made of cemented carbide, with a smooth rolled surface or an unsharpened contour. It achieves relative rolling through passive / active rotation, reducing friction and heat accumulation, and preventing scratches on functional surfaces. While maintaining workpiece posture and chip flow stability, it improves initial bite success rate and tool life, shortens the time to reach steady-state cutting, and overall improves tooth profile accuracy and machining consistency.

[0021] 2. This high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth utilizes a sliding groove equipped with an arc-shaped groove, a reversing drive wheel, an extension block, and a limit block. The arc-shaped groove and the reversing drive wheel are aligned at equal arcs. The limit block, driven by the extension block, precisely enters the sliding groove at a set angle, achieving a geometrically programmable switch from "reverse rotation output" to "linear retraction in the same direction." Before switching, the main tool and damping tool are ensured to "pop out" synchronously and with equal amplitude and opposite phase, forming an F1 / F2 force couple to effectively cancel polarization and reduce chatter and tool wear during initial cutting. After switching, the entire plate is lowered by the guide of the sliding groove and the return spring, and the auxiliary frame no longer continuously pushes upwards, retaining only a minimal preload to prevent interference and surface damage. The torsion spring provides angular return to achieve closed-loop reset, ensuring stable reproduction of the "reverse phase → decoupling" sequence in each cycle, improving the success rate of initial cutting, machining consistency, and mechanism safety redundancy.

[0022] 3. This high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth features a pre-cutting micro-disturbance component. A resonant motor drives an eccentric block that directly acts on the receiving sleeve, resulting in an extremely short vibration transmission path and high coupling efficiency. At a vibration amplitude of 500–1000 Hz and micrometer levels, a controllable "dynamic micro-disturbance" is applied to the hobbing roller within the short initial cutting window. Frequency sweeping followed by stabilization breaks the static friction criticality at the moment of contact, removing contaminant film and micro-burrs, reducing built-up edge and the probability of scratches / biting, significantly improving initial bite success rate and shortening stabilization time. Vibration is decoupled from the main drive, parameters avoid the machine tool's natural frequency, and shutdown is triggered by torque / AE / vibration threshold. Vibration gradually decreases and stops after a cut of 0.2–0.3 mm, without amplifying to the spindle and guide rails, balancing surface quality, tool life, and overall machine stability. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tooth groove machining mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the tooth groove machining mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the force couple vibration damping component structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the force couple vibration damping component of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the force couple vibration damping component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the operating state of the force couple vibration damping component of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the commutation drive wheel and the return spring of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the torsion spring position structure of the present invention.

[0035] The diagram is marked as follows:

[0036] 1. Machine tool body; 2. Sliding cover; 3. Control panel; 4. Rotary table; 5. Bottom fixed seat; 6. Worm gear workpiece; 7. Top fixed seat; 8. Mounting bracket; 9. Slide rail; 10. Drive rod; 11. Main slide; 12. Sliding sleeve; 13. Sliding plate; 14. Rotary motor; 15. Gear reducer motor; 16. Gear hobbing roller; 17. Resonant motor; 18. Receiving sleeve; 19. Auxiliary frame; 20. Damping tool; 21. Positioning plate; 22. Slide groove; 23. Reversing drive wheel; 24. First connecting rod; 25. Second connecting rod; 26. Sliding block; 27. Rotating column; 28. Torsion spring; 29. ​​Return spring; 30. Arc groove; 31. Extension block; 32. Limit block. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0038] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 11As shown, a high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth includes a machine body 1, a sliding cover 2 on one side of the machine body 1, and a control panel 3 on the other side of the machine body 1; a workpiece clamping mechanism, located inside one side of the machine body 1, including a rotating table 4 located inside one side of the machine body 1, a bottom fixing seat 5 on the top surface of the rotating table 4, which clamps a worm gear workpiece 6; a top fixing seat 7 located on one side of the machine body 1, which assists in clamping and positioning the worm gear workpiece 6; a tooth grooving mechanism, located inside the other side of the machine body 1, used to perform tooth grooving on the positioned worm gear workpiece 6; and a pre-cutting micro-disturbance component, located at the front end of one side of the tooth grooving mechanism, used to assist the cutting edge of the tool in the tooth grooving mechanism in more easily biting into the material; and a torque damping component, located in the tooth grooving mechanism. On one side, moving in the opposite direction to the grooving mechanism, the force couple vibration damping component is used to counteract the radial force when the grooving mechanism cuts grooves on the worm gear workpiece 6. The grooving mechanism includes a mounting bracket 8 fixedly installed on one side of the machine tool body 1. The mounting bracket 8 is provided with slide rails 9 on both sides of the side near the worm gear workpiece 6. A main slide 11 is slidably installed on the two slide rails 9. A drive rod 10 is provided on the top side of the main slide 11. The drive rod 10 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic system at the top inside the machine tool body 1 and is used to drive the main slide 11 to move up and down on the slide rails 9. A sliding sleeve 12 is provided on one side of the main slide 11. A sliding plate 13 is slidably installed inside the sliding sleeve 12. A rotating motor 14 is provided on one side of the sliding sleeve 12 to drive the sliding plate 13 to slide inside the sliding sleeve 12. A reduction motor 15 is provided on one side of the sliding plate 13. A hobbing roller 16 is nested at the output end of the reduction motor 15. The hobbing roller 16 is detachable and replaceable to match the grooving of different worm gear workpieces 6.

[0040] After powering on, the process program is loaded via control panel 3. The sliding cover 2 area is installed and cleaned. The rotary table 4 positions and clamps the worm gear workpiece 6. The bottom fixed seat 5 supports the workpiece, and the top fixed seat 7 hydraulically locks it to achieve coaxial centering. Then, the slide rails 9 on both sides of the mounting frame 8 are ready. The main slide 11 is in the initial upper position. The drive rod 10 is connected to the internal hydraulic system and ready to operate. The rotating motor 14 moves the sliding plate 13 to the middle fine-tuning position. The reduction motor 15 is in standby mode. The hobbing roller 16 is installed and its runout and tool position are detected. The initialization of the entire cutting chain is completed. Then, the manufacturing cycle begins. The control system first establishes electronic gear synchronization between the spindle workpiece and the tool. The main slide 11 is then... The hydraulic drive rapidly descends along the slide rail 9 to near the starting cutting height. The rotating motor 14 performs micron-level correction on the sliding plate 13 according to the tool compensation value to ensure accurate initial contact position. The reduction motor 15 idles stably at a preset speed. When the process sequence arrives, the pre-cutting micro-disturbance component and the force couple vibration damping component are put into operation simultaneously. The main slide 11 begins to slowly advance the tool. The hobbing roller 16 makes initial contact with the worm gear workpiece 6. After the system monitors the torque / vibration / acoustic emission and it tends to stabilize, it gradually switches to the conventional cutting depth and feed until the target tooth groove depth is reached. Finally, the main slide 11 is raised and the tool is retracted. The rotating table 4 stops, the top / bottom fixed seat 5 is unlocked, and one piece of processing is completed and the next cycle begins.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the pre-cutting micro-disturbance assembly includes a receiving sleeve 18 disposed on the other side of the sliding plate 13. The receiving sleeve 18 is used to position the other end of the hobbing cutter 16. A resonant motor 17 is disposed on one side of the receiving sleeve 18. An eccentric block is disposed at the output end of the resonant motor 17 to drive the receiving sleeve 18 to rotate, thereby driving the receiving sleeve 18 to drive the hobbing cutter 16 to pre-vibrate.

[0042] After workpiece clamping and rapid descent during idle travel, the main carriage 11 stops at the predetermined starting cutting height. The control system initially prevents the hobbing roller 16 from cutting in and instead activates the pre-cutting micro-disturbance component. The resonant motor 17 accelerates along a set curve and can perform short frequency sweeps, causing the eccentric block to drive the receiving sleeve 18 to apply high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration to the hobbing roller 16. At this time, the cutting edge is in a controllable micro-disturbance state. Subsequently, the main carriage 11 descends slightly according to a slow feed strategy. Under micro-disturbance, the hobbing roller 16 makes its first contact with the surface of the worm gear workpiece 6. The surface contamination film / oxide layer / micro-burrs are dynamically broken, the static friction peak is "flattened," and the cutting tip bites into the base metal more smoothly. The system collects the spindle current and vibration / AE in real time. If the system detects that the cutting force fluctuation converges, the vibration RMS decreases, or the cutting depth reaches the set threshold, the control system issues a gradual shutdown command to the resonant motor 17, causing the eccentric block speed to be within a certain range. Within a short window, the vibration gradually decreases and stops. The pre-vibration is completed within this short window. Then, the main carriage 11 continues to feed along a predetermined curve. The reduction motor 15 maintains the target linear velocity to enter a stable cutting stage. The resonant motor 17 directly drives the receiving sleeve 18 via an eccentric block. The receiving sleeve 18 is in close contact with the support end of the hobbing roller 16, resulting in an extremely short vibration transmission path and higher vibration coupling efficiency than external excitation. This puts the cutting edge in a "dynamic micro-disturbance" state at the moment of contact, breaking the static friction criticality and reducing the probability of built-up edge formation. This significantly reduces the first-round scratching and chipping. Furthermore, the vibration parameters can be set within the range of 500–1000 Hz and several micrometers in amplitude, avoiding the machine tool's inherent frequency band. The receiving sleeve 18 is mechanically decoupled from the main cutting drive chain, preventing vibration amplification to the spindle or guide rails and ensuring that transmission accuracy is not affected. Additionally, it is activated only for a very short time before and after hydraulic feed starts. Combined with torque / AE / vibration threshold, this ensures a cutting depth of 0.2–0.3 mm. The system automatically shuts off afterward, achieving "chaotic initiation" without introducing a continuous vibration source, which is beneficial for the stability of subsequent finishing processes.

[0043] like Figures 2 to 11As shown, the force couple vibration damping assembly includes an auxiliary frame 19 slidably mounted on two slide rails 9. A damping cutter 20 is provided on one side of the auxiliary frame 19. A positioning plate 21 is provided on the side of the mounting frame 8 near the slide rail 9. A groove 22 is opened in the middle of the positioning plate 21. A sliding block 26 is slidably mounted inside the groove 22. A rotating column 27 is rotatably mounted inside the sliding block 26. A reversing drive wheel 23 is provided on the rotating column 27. A first connecting rod 24 is rotatably mounted on one side of the reversing drive wheel 23. The other side of the first connecting rod 24 is rotatably connected to one side of the main slide 11. A second connecting rod 25 is rotatably mounted on the other side of the reversing drive wheel 23. The other side of the second connecting rod 25 is rotatably connected to the auxiliary frame 19. When When the main slide 11 moves downward under the drive of the hydraulic system, it pushes the first connecting rod 24 to drive the reversing drive wheel 23 to rotate. The rotation of the reversing drive wheel 23 drives the second connecting rod 25 to drive the auxiliary frame 19 to move in the opposite direction. The damping tool 20 is made of cemented carbide. In the initial state, when the main slide 11 drives the hobbing roller 16 to contact the worm gear workpiece 6, the auxiliary frame 19 synchronously drives the damping tool 20 to contact the other side of the worm gear workpiece 6. The outer surface of the damping tool 20 can be made smooth or the same blade shape as the hobbing roller 16, and the blade position is in an unsharpened state. The auxiliary frame 19 can be set to a self-rotating state or a drive motor for driving the damping tool 20 to rotate actively can be set on the auxiliary frame 19.

[0044] Driven by the hydraulic system, the main carriage 11 begins to feed downwards. The first connecting rod 24 pushes the reversing drive wheel 23 to rotate around the rotating column 27. Simultaneously, the other side of the reversing drive wheel 23 drives the second connecting rod 25, lifting the auxiliary frame 19 upwards. The downward movement of the main carriage 11 causes the hobbing cutter 16 (main tool) to establish cutting contact with one side of the worm gear workpiece 6. At the same time, the upward movement of the auxiliary frame 19 causes the damping tool 20 to establish light pressure contact with the opposite side of the workpiece (e.g., ...). Figure 9 (Diagram of movement from I to II) These two movements are achieved through a counter-linkage mechanism that "launches simultaneously in opposite directions," meaning the main tool moves towards one side of the workpiece, while the damping tool 20 moves towards the opposite side of the workpiece (e.g., ...). Figure 9(I-to-II action diagram) Establish a pair of opposing forces. Within this window, the anti-phase mechanism continuously outputs opposite displacements of approximately equal amplitude, causing the main cutting force F1 and the damping reaction force F2 to form a couple, effectively canceling the exposed excitation ("polarization") acting on the bed / guide rail, thereby suppressing the initial cutting chatter and tool wear. In terms of process timing, the worm gear workpiece 6 rotates under the drive of the rotary table 4, the hobbing cutter 16 rotates at a set speed for cutting, and the damping tool 20 rotates synchronously under the drive of the drive motor (active) or under the drive of contact friction (passive), maintaining relative rolling contact with the workpiece surface. Because both the hobbing cutter 16 and the damping tool 20 perform "cutting / rolling" rotation on the worm gear workpiece 6, and the two are "synchronously ejected" in opposite phases through a linkage mechanism, the phases of F1 and F2 are opposite and the amplitudes are controllable within the initial cutting window, achieving the purpose of polarization cancellation.

[0045] like Figures 2 to 11 As shown, an arc-shaped groove 30 is also provided on one side of the positioning plate 21. One side of the arc-shaped groove 30 is connected to the slide groove 22. An extension block 31 is provided on one side of the reversing drive wheel 23. A limit block 32 is provided on one side of the extension block 31. The limit block 32 is slidably installed inside the arc-shaped groove 30. The arc of the arc-shaped groove 30 is consistent with the rotation arc of the reversing drive wheel 23. When the main slide 11 continues to feed downward, the reversing drive wheel 23 rotates under the drive of the first linkage rod 24. The limit block 32 synchronously follows the reversing drive wheel 23 and rotates inside the arc-shaped groove 30 to the slide groove 22. A return spring 29 is provided at the bottom of the slide groove 22. The other end of the return spring 29 is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block 26. A torsion spring 28 is provided at the rotation connection between the sliding block 26 and the rotating column 27. The torsion spring 28 is used to drive the reversing drive wheel 23 and the limit block 32 to reset after the main slide 11 resets upward.

[0046] The main carriage 11 continues to descend, and the first linkage 24 drives the reversing drive wheel 23 to rotate. The extension block 31 on the side of the reversing drive wheel 23 drives the limiting block 32 to rotate synchronously along the arc-shaped groove 30. When it rotates to the predetermined switching angle position, the limiting block 32 aligns with the entrance of the slide groove 22 that communicates with the arc-shaped groove 30 and slides into it (e.g., Figure 9 (Diagram of movement from I to II) At this time, the movement direction of the limit block 32 is parallel to the axis of the slide groove 22. Further downward movement of the main slide 11 will no longer transmit the opposite displacement to the auxiliary frame 19 via the reversing drive wheel 23, but will instead drive the sliding block 26 to slide downwards along the slide groove 22 as a whole (e.g., ...). Figure 9(Diagram of movement from II to III) The return spring 29 is compressed and stored, while the auxiliary frame 19 moves in the same direction as the mechanism or maintains a minimal preload to avoid continuous pressure on the bottom of the workpiece. As the machining approaches the target depth, when the main slide 11 is raised, the hydraulic return unloads the structure. The return spring 29 pushes the sliding block 26 back to the upper end of the slide groove 22. The torsion spring 28 drives the rotating column 27 to rotate in the opposite direction to the reversing drive wheel 23, bringing the limit block 32 from the opening of the slide groove 22 back to the initial area of ​​the arc groove 30 (e.g., ...). Figure 9 (Diagram of movement from III to I) The entire reversing mechanism returns to the standby angle, providing the same "reverse phase → decoupling" motion sequence for the next cut. The arc groove 30 and the slide groove 22 constitute a "geometrically programmable constraint". The limit block 32 moves within the arc groove 30 as the reversing drive wheel 23 rotates. When it reaches the set angle, the limit block 32 enters the slide groove 22 and becomes parallel to its direction. Subsequently, the system's degree of freedom switches from "reverse rotation output for displacement" to "the entire block moves in the same direction along the slide groove 22 in a straight line", realizing the initial reversal. The rear decoupling and retraction in the same direction means that after switching, the auxiliary frame 19 no longer pushes upwards. It only moves downwards with the main tool holder or maintains minimal contact with the return spring 29 and the mechanism, preventing the application of pressure when the tooth groove is deepened, which could cause surface damage or interference. The return spring 29 provides the vertical return force of the sliding block 26, and the torsion spring 28 provides the angular return force of the reversing drive wheel 23, so that the limit block 32 returns to the initial position of the arc groove 30 when the main slide 11 rises, realizing closed-loop reset and ensuring that the cutting window can be triggered repeatedly each time.

[0047] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0048] This invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear tooth grooves, characterized in that, include: The machine tool body (1) has a sliding cover (2) on one side and a control panel (3) on the other side. The workpiece clamping mechanism is located inside one side of the machine tool body (1). The workpiece clamping mechanism includes a rotating table (4) located inside one side of the machine tool body (1). A bottom fixing seat (5) is provided on the top surface of the rotating table (4). A worm gear workpiece (6) is clamped on the bottom fixing seat (5). A top fixing seat (7) is provided on one side of the machine tool body (1). The top fixing seat (7) is used to assist the worm gear workpiece (6) in clamping and positioning. A tooth groove machining mechanism is provided on the other side of the interior of the machine tool body (1). The tooth groove machining mechanism is used to perform tooth groove machining on the positioned worm gear workpiece (6). A pre-cutting micro-disturbance component is disposed at one front end of the tooth groove machining mechanism. The pre-cutting micro-disturbance component is used to assist the cutting edge of the tool in the tooth groove machining mechanism to bite into the material more easily. A couple vibration damping component is disposed on one side of the tooth groove machining mechanism and moves in the opposite direction to the tooth groove machining mechanism. The couple vibration damping component is used to resolve or cancel the radial force when the tooth groove machining mechanism cuts the worm gear workpiece (6). The tooth groove machining mechanism includes a mounting bracket (8) fixedly installed on one side of the machine tool body (1). The mounting bracket (8) is provided with slide rails (9) on both sides of the side near the worm gear workpiece (6). A main slide (11) is slidably installed on both slide rails (9). A drive rod (10) is provided on one side of the top of the main slide (11). The drive rod (10) is used to be fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic system at the top inside the machine tool body (1) and is used to drive the main slide (11) to move up and down on the slide rails (9). A sliding sleeve (12) is provided on one side of the main slide (11). A sliding plate (13) is slidably installed inside the sliding sleeve (12). A rotating motor (14) is provided on one side of the sliding sleeve (12) to drive the sliding plate (13) to slide inside the sliding sleeve (12). A reduction motor (15) is provided on one side of the sliding plate (13). A gear hobbing roller (16) is nested at the output end of the reduction motor (15). The pre-cutting micro-disturbance assembly includes a receiving sleeve (18) disposed on the other side of the sliding plate (13). The receiving sleeve (18) is used to position the other end of the hobbing cutter (16). A resonant motor (17) is disposed on one side of the receiving sleeve (18). An eccentric block is disposed at the output end of the resonant motor (17) to drive the receiving sleeve (18) to rotate, thereby driving the receiving sleeve (18) to drive the hobbing cutter (16) to pre-vibrate. The force couple vibration damping assembly includes an auxiliary frame (19) slidably mounted on two slide rails (9). A damping cutter (20) is provided on one side of the auxiliary frame (19). A positioning plate (21) is provided on the side of the mounting frame (8) near the slide rail (9). A groove (22) is provided in the middle of the positioning plate (21). A sliding block (26) is slidably mounted inside the groove (22). A rotating column (27) is rotatably mounted inside the sliding block (26). A reversing drive wheel (23) is provided on the rotating column (27). A first connecting rod (24) is rotatably mounted on one side of the reversing drive wheel (23). The other side of the first connecting rod (24) is rotatably connected to one side of the main slide (11), and the other side of the reversing drive wheel (23) is rotatably mounted with a second connecting rod (25). The other side of the second connecting rod (25) is rotatably connected to the auxiliary frame (19). When the main slide (11) moves downward under the drive of the hydraulic system, it pushes the first connecting rod (24) to drive the reversing drive wheel (23) to rotate. The rotation of the reversing drive wheel (23) drives the second connecting rod (25) to drive the auxiliary frame (19) to move in the opposite direction. The damping tool (20) is made of cemented carbide.

2. The high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear hobbing roller (16) is detachable and replaceable, and is used to match the tooth groove processing of different worm gear workpieces (6).

3. The high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the initial state, when the main carriage (11) drives the hobbing roller (16) to contact the worm gear workpiece (6), the auxiliary frame (19) synchronously drives the damping cutter (20) to contact the other side of the worm gear workpiece (6). The outer surface of the damping cutter (20) can be set to a smooth state or the same blade shape as the hobbing roller (16), and the blade position is in an unsharpened state. The auxiliary frame (19) can be set to a self-rotating state or a drive motor for driving the damping cutter (20) to rotate actively can be set on the auxiliary frame (19).

4. The high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning plate (21) is provided with an arc groove (30) on one side. One side of the arc groove (30) is connected to the slide groove (22). An extension block (31) is provided on one side of the reversing drive wheel (23). A limit block (32) is provided on one side of the extension block (31). The limit block (32) is slidably installed inside the arc groove (30).

5. The high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth according to claim 4, characterized in that, The arc of the arc groove (30) is consistent with the rotation arc of the reversing drive wheel (23). When the main slide (11) continues to feed downward, the reversing drive wheel (23) rotates under the drive of the first linkage rod (24), and the limiting block (32) synchronously follows the reversing drive wheel (23) to rotate inside the arc groove (30) and into the slide groove (22).

6. The high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, A return spring (29) is provided at the bottom of the slide (22), and the other end of the return spring (29) is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block (26).

7. The high-precision CNC lathe for machining worm gear teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, A torsion spring (28) is provided at the rotatable connection between the sliding block (26) and the rotating column (27). The torsion spring (28) is used to drive the reversing drive wheel (23) and the limiting block (32) to reset after the main slide (11) is reset upward.

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