Low-carbon economic heating method based on mobile heat storage vehicle and on-demand flexible heat supply

Abstract

The application discloses a low-carbon economic heat supply method based on a mobile heat storage vehicle and on-demand flexible heat supply, and relates to the technical field of heat supply. The mobile heat supply system adds a waste heat recovery device, an electric heat conversion device and a fixed heat storage device for system modification according to waste heat resources, valley electricity resources and green electricity resources in an upstream available resource center, and establishes an upper device optimization configuration model with the minimum investment and installation cost and the highest resource utilization rate as targets. A dynamic operation model of the mobile heat storage vehicle is established, and carbon emission reduction after the mobile heat storage vehicle and the upstream available resource center participate in heat supply collaborative scheduling is quantified. The mobile heat supply scheduling center receives heat energy demands of different types of heat users in different time periods in a downstream heat user center, combines resource supply amounts of each time period, state information of the schedulable mobile heat storage vehicle and priorities of different types of heat users, and establishes a lower system optimization scheduling model with the optimal system operation economy and the maximum environmental protection benefit as targets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of smart heating technology, specifically relating to a low-carbon and economical heating method based on mobile thermal storage vehicles and flexible on-demand heating. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urbanization, centralized heating systems are increasingly experiencing a situation where heat supply is less than demand, leading to heat shortages. Furthermore, some heat users lack access to piped heating networks, resulting in intermittent, flexible, and fluctuating heat usage. For example, industrial heat users such as breweries and pharmaceutical factories have low requirements for steam quality, consume small amounts of heat, and use heat intermittently. Shopping malls and hotels face non-continuous heat demand scenarios, while communities, rural areas without centralized heating, construction sites, and exhibitions are temporary venues. Addressing the heat needs of these users is crucial, but laying pipelines requires significant time and labor costs, and some remote areas are difficult to connect to pipelines, resulting in limited coverage. Additionally, pipeline supply lacks flexibility.

[0003] Currently, to address the heating needs of users in the aforementioned scenarios and compensate for insufficient pipeline heating, mobile thermal storage heating is increasingly being applied to some enterprises and users. This method eliminates the need for laying pipelines, allowing heat energy to be stored, transported, and released via mobile thermal storage vehicles, thus improving heating flexibility and meeting heating demands. However, applying mobile thermal storage heating to store low-carbon economical heat energy, planning transportation routes, and meeting the heating needs of different types of users at different times presents challenges, including optimizing the configuration of source-side resource acquisition equipment, combining and scheduling energy methods, route planning, and the scheduling and allocation of mobile thermal storage vehicles.

[0004] Based on the aforementioned technical issues, a new low-carbon and economical heating method based on mobile thermal storage vehicles and flexible on-demand heating is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a low-carbon, economical heating method based on mobile thermal storage vehicles and flexible on-demand heating. This method can selectively utilize low-cost / clean energy sources, achieving cascaded energy utilization through a combination of waste heat recovery, electricity-to-heat conversion, and fixed thermal storage devices. This significantly reduces heating energy costs, decreases dependence on traditional fossil fuels, and reduces carbon emissions at the source. Furthermore, it optimizes for minimum investment costs and maximum resource utilization, balancing economy and efficiency, and improving the economic rationality of device optimization. Additionally, it establishes a lower-level system optimization scheduling model, formulating the number, specifications, and route plans of mobile thermal storage vehicles that can be scheduled at mobile thermal storage vehicle operating stations, as well as resource combination plans utilizing available upstream resource centers. This enables global coordination of vehicle quantity, specifications, routes, and resource combinations, ensuring the reliability of heating for high-priority users, reducing ineffective transportation and resource waste, dynamically adjusting resource combinations, and maximizing economic and environmental benefits.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a low-carbon and economical heating method based on mobile thermal storage vehicles and flexible on-demand heating, comprising:

[0008] S1. The mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with upstream resource centers, leases dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles from mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and establishes heat usage fee agreements with downstream heat user centers. Within a pre-defined dispatch area, it uses mobile heat storage vehicles to connect upstream and downstream, forming a mobile heating system for heat energy storage, transportation, and release.

[0009] S2. The mobile heating system is upgraded by adding waste heat recovery devices, electric-to-heat devices and fixed heat storage devices to obtain and store low-cost heat sources based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center. With the goal of minimizing investment and installation costs and maximizing resource utilization, an upper-level device optimization configuration model is established to obtain the optimal location, quantity and model parameter schemes for each type of device.

[0010] S3. Establish a dynamic operation model for mobile thermal storage vehicles and quantify the carbon emission reduction after mobile thermal storage vehicles and upstream resource centers participate in coordinated heating scheduling.

[0011] S4. The mobile heating dispatch center receives the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center at different times. Combining the resource supply of the upstream available resource center at different times, the status information of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles, and the priority of different types of heat users, with the goal of optimizing the system's operating economy and maximizing environmental benefits, it establishes a lower-level system optimization dispatch model and formulates the number, specifications, and route plans of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles at the mobile heat storage vehicle operation station, as well as the resource combination plan for utilizing the upstream available resource center.

[0012] Furthermore, in S1, the mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with upstream available resource centers, leases dispatchable mobile thermal storage vehicles from mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and establishes heating fee payment agreements with downstream heat user centers, including:

[0013] Based on historical industrial waste heat data, green electricity output data, and grid electricity price data from upstream available resource centers, and combined with current resource trading conditions, the mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with various industrial waste heat suppliers, green electricity suppliers, and the power grid within the upstream available resource centers, stipulating the resource trading capacity and corresponding prices.

[0014] Based on the type of heat energy, heat energy, and heat supply capacity of the heat source required by the downstream heat user centers within the preset dispatch area, the mobile heating dispatch center negotiates with the mobile heat storage vehicle operation station to establish a rental agreement, stipulating the rental price of mobile heat storage vehicles of different specifications and types for different time periods.

[0015] The mobile heating dispatch center and the downstream heat user center establish a heating fee agreement based on the heat user's original heating price, stipulating the heating fee or time-based fee price.

[0016] In addition, mobile heating dispatch centers can also apply to the government for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing waste heat resources and green electricity resources.

[0017] Furthermore, the industrial waste heat suppliers include steel mills, chemical plants, and coal-fired power plants within the pre-defined dispatch area; the green electricity suppliers include photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and biomass power generation; the downstream heat user centers include enterprise users, commercial users, and residential users, and the types of heat energy required by the heat users include steam and hot water.

[0018] The mobile heating dispatch center automatically triggers transaction execution with upstream available resource centers, mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers through blockchain smart contracts.

[0019] Furthermore, when the mobile heating dispatch center transacts with upstream available resource centers, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers, the mobile heating dispatch center acts as the leader, and the upstream available resource centers, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers act as followers. A master-follower game model is established, including the game players, the game strategy space, and the revenue / cost function. During the game, the transaction strategies between the leader and followers influence each other, and the goal is to achieve the optimal economic performance of each party. The master-follower game model is solved to obtain the game equilibrium solution, which is the final transaction information of each party.

[0020] Furthermore, in S2, the mobile heating system, based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources, and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center, undergoes system modification by adding waste heat recovery devices, electricity-to-heat conversion devices, and fixed heat storage devices to obtain and store low-cost heat sources, including:

[0021] The mobile heating system selects its location based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center, taking into account the location of waste heat emission sources within the industrial waste heat supplier, and adds waste heat recovery devices and fixed heat storage devices to recover waste heat resources and store excess heat.

[0022] Within the preset dispatch area, consider the location of green electricity grid connection points and grid off-peak electricity access points, add electric-to-heat conversion devices and fixed heat storage devices to convert off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources into heat energy, and store excess heat energy;

[0023] The location of heat-using equipment should be considered in the downstream heat user center for site selection, and fixed heat storage devices should be added to store the heat energy exceeding the demand.

[0024] Furthermore, in S2, with the objectives of minimizing investment and installation costs and maximizing resource utilization, an optimal configuration model for the upper-level equipment is established, expressed as:

[0025]

[0026] f1 represents the investment and installation cost target; C cap,i The unit capacity acquisition cost of the i-th type of device; C ins,i λ represents the unit capacity installation cost of the i-th type of device; i C represents the total capacity of the i-th type of device; land,i β represents the unit land cost of the i-th type of device; i is the floor area of ​​the i-th type of device; n is the device type, including waste heat recovery devices, electric-to-heat devices, and stationary heat storage devices;

[0027] max f2=w1η h +w2η e +w3η s ;

[0028] f2 represents the resource utilization rate target; η h η e η s These are the waste heat resource utilization rate, electricity resource utilization rate, and thermal storage resource utilization rate, respectively; w1, w2, and w3 are the weighting coefficients corresponding to each resource utilization rate.

[0029] The constraints of the upper-level device optimization configuration model include: waste heat recovery device capacity constraints, electric-to-heat conversion device power constraints, fixed thermal storage device capacity constraints, and site selection distance constraints.

[0030] Furthermore, in S3, establishing a dynamic operation model for the mobile thermal storage vehicle includes:

[0031] In terms of time, the temporal distribution pattern of mobile thermal energy storage vehicles is reflected in the processes of thermal energy loading and storage, vehicle operation, and thermal energy release.

[0032] The time required for thermal energy loading and storage is expressed as follows:

[0033]

[0034] T load For thermal energy loading and storage time; Q cap The thermal storage capacity of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; P source The power output from the upstream available resource center; the thermal energy loading and storage time also needs to match the time window of heat source supply in the upstream available resource center, including the time distribution of industrial waste heat production, and the available time periods of green electricity and off-peak electricity;

[0035] The time required for the vehicle to travel is expressed as follows:

[0036]

[0037] T trans D is the vehicle travel time; D is the total spatial distance from the vehicle to the heat source point in the upstream available resource center and from the heat source point to the heat user point in the downstream heat user center; v is the average travel speed; α is a correction parameter that takes into account actual factors such as road congestion and traffic restrictions.

[0038] The time required for the release of heat energy is expressed as:

[0039] T unload =Q deliver / P user ;

[0040] T unload Q is the time for heat release; deliver To release the required heat for mobile thermal storage vehicles; P userThe heat release rate; the heat release time also needs to match the heating time periods of heat users in the downstream heat user center;

[0041] In terms of spatial dimension, the operation of mobile thermal storage vehicles includes storing thermal energy at available upstream resource centers, releasing thermal energy at downstream heat user centers, and traveling within a pre-defined dispatch area; defining the upstream available resource centers and downstream heat user centers as thermal storage and release nodes, the operation of mobile thermal storage vehicles is represented as follows:

[0042]

[0043] The status of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; Let the thermal storage vehicle z move from node a to node b at time t; R hds Z is the set of heat storage and release nodes; mhsv T represents the set of mobile thermal storage vehicles; T represents the set of scheduling times.

[0044] The heat storage and release characteristics of a mobile thermal storage vehicle are expressed as follows:

[0045]

[0046] S mhsv,t S mhsv,t-1 P represents the remaining heat storage capacity of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t and time t-1, respectively; mhsv,t,in P mhsv,t,out These represent the heat storage power and heat release power of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t, respectively; η mhsv,in η mhsv,out These represent the heat storage and release efficiencies of mobile thermal storage vehicles; h mhsv,t The heat dissipation coefficient of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; A mhsv T represents the heat storage and release surface area of ​​a mobile thermal energy storage vehicle. mhsv,t T mhsv,en,t Δt represents the thermal energy temperature of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t and the ambient temperature, respectively; Δt is the scheduling time interval.

[0047] Furthermore, in S3, the carbon emission reduction resulting from the participation of mobile thermal storage vehicles and upstream resource centers in coordinated heating scheduling includes:

[0048] Utilizing waste heat and green electricity resources from upstream resource centers, directly or indirectly, to provide thermal energy for mobile thermal storage vehicles, thereby reducing carbon emissions from heating by replacing traditional fossil fuels with low-carbon or zero-carbon resources, can be expressed as:

[0049]

[0050] To reduce carbon emissions; η is the carbon emission factor.iwh η ge These are the carbon reduction weighting coefficients for waste heat resources and green electricity resources, respectively; P iwh,t P ge,t These represent the thermal energy provided directly or indirectly to the mobile thermal storage vehicle by waste heat resources and green electricity resources at time t.

[0051] Furthermore, in S4, the priority settings for different types of heat users include: setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is greater than the first threshold to the highest level, defining them as high-quality heat users; setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is less than the first threshold but greater than the second threshold to the medium level, defining them as medium-level heat users; and setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is less than the second threshold to the low level, defining them as low-level heat users; wherein, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

[0052] Furthermore, after setting priorities for different types of heat users, the system also includes: after the mobile heating dispatch center receives the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center for each time period, if a high-quality heat user has a heat energy demand during that time period, the mobile heat storage vehicle will be allocated first to meet the heat energy demand, while the heat energy demand of the remaining medium-level and low-level heat users will be set to a pending allocation status, and the heat energy demand will be met step by step according to the status information of each mobile heat storage vehicle and the upstream resource supply margin.

[0053] Furthermore, in S4, with the goal of optimizing system operation economy and maximizing environmental benefits, a lower-level system optimization scheduling model is established, expressed as:

[0054]

[0055] F1 represents the economic objective of system operation; P h,t To supply heat energy to downstream heat user centers during time period t; ε h The price at which heat energy is sold to downstream heat user centers; P iwh,buy,t Waste heat purchased from upstream available resource centers; ε iwh The price of waste heat purchased from upstream available resource centers; P ge,buy,t Green electricity purchased from upstream resource centers; ε ge The price of green electricity purchased from upstream resource centers; P e,buy,t ε represents the off-peak electricity purchased from the upstream available resource center at time t; e C represents the off-peak electricity price purchased from upstream resource centers; eh,t C represents the operating cost of the electrothermal conversion device at time t. fhs,t C represents the operating cost of a stationary thermal storage unit at time t. mhsv,r,t C is the rental cost of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t; mhsv,o,tF1 represents the operating cost of moving the thermal energy storage vehicle at time t for thermal energy loading and storage, vehicle movement, and thermal energy release; F2 represents the environmental benefit target; δ represents the cost of moving the thermal energy storage vehicle at time t. iwh δ ge These are the unit price for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing waste heat resources and the unit price for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing green electricity resources, respectively.

[0056] The constraints of the lower-level system optimization scheduling model include: thermal energy balance constraints, travel path constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, thermal storage and release power constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, capacity constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, various resource constraints of upstream available resource centers, operation constraints of electric-to-thermal conversion devices, operation constraints of fixed thermal storage devices, and thermal energy demand constraints of downstream thermal user centers.

[0057] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0058] (1) The mobile heating dispatch center of this invention establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with upstream resource centers, leases dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles from mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and establishes heat charging agreements with downstream heat user centers. Within a preset dispatch area, it uses mobile heat storage vehicles to connect upstream and downstream, forming a mobile heating system for heat storage, transportation, and release. It can innovatively break through the limitations of traditional fixed heating networks by using mobile heat storage vehicles, realize cross-regional heat energy allocation without network connection, solve the problem of insufficient coverage of traditional centralized heating networks, expand the scope of heating services, and build a flexible market-oriented operation framework by adopting an agreement-based cooperation model.

[0059] (2) The mobile heating system of the present invention is based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources in the upstream available resource center. It adds waste heat recovery devices, electric-to-heat devices and fixed heat storage devices to modify the system to obtain and store low-cost heat sources. With the goal of minimizing investment and installation costs and maximizing resource utilization, it establishes an upper-level device optimization configuration model to obtain the optimal location, quantity and model parameter scheme of each type of device. It can make targeted use of low-cost / clean energy, realize energy cascade utilization through waste heat recovery, electric-to-heat and fixed heat storage combination devices, significantly reduce heating energy consumption costs, reduce dependence on traditional fossil energy, reduce carbon emissions from the source, and optimize with the goal of minimizing investment costs and maximizing resource utilization, taking into account economy and efficiency, and improving the economic rationality of device optimization configuration.

[0060] (3) This invention establishes a dynamic operation model of mobile thermal storage vehicles and quantifies the carbon emission reduction after mobile thermal storage vehicles and upstream available resource centers participate in the coordinated scheduling of heating; it can clarify the operating characteristics of mobile thermal storage vehicles in the process of thermal energy storage, transportation and release, as well as quantify carbon emission reduction, provide data support for the low-carbon operation of the system, and facilitate the subsequent optimization and scheduling of system operation.

[0061] (4) The mobile heating dispatch center of this invention receives the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center at different times. Combining the resource supply of the upstream available resource center at different times, the status information of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles, and the priority of different types of heat users, with the goal of optimizing the system's operating economy and maximizing environmental benefits, it establishes a lower-level system optimization dispatch model, formulates the number, specifications, and route plans of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles at the mobile heat storage vehicle operation station, and the resource combination plan of utilizing the upstream available resource center; it can achieve global coordination of vehicle number, specifications, routes, and resource combinations, ensure the heat reliability of high-priority users, reduce ineffective transportation and resource waste, dynamically adjust resource combinations, and maximize economic and environmental benefits.

[0062] Other features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0063] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0064] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a low-carbon and economical heating method based on mobile thermal storage vehicles and flexible on-demand heating according to the present invention.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile heating system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a low-carbon and economical heating method based on mobile thermal storage vehicles and flexible on-demand heating, which includes:

[0069] S1. The mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with upstream resource centers, leases dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles from mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and establishes heat usage fee agreements with downstream heat user centers. Within a pre-defined dispatch area, it uses mobile heat storage vehicles to connect upstream and downstream, forming a mobile heating system for heat energy storage, transportation, and release.

[0070] S2. The mobile heating system is upgraded by adding waste heat recovery devices, electric-to-heat devices and fixed heat storage devices to obtain and store low-cost heat sources based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center. With the goal of minimizing investment and installation costs and maximizing resource utilization, an upper-level device optimization configuration model is established to obtain the optimal location, quantity and model parameter schemes for each type of device.

[0071] S3. Establish a dynamic operation model for mobile thermal storage vehicles and quantify the carbon emission reduction after mobile thermal storage vehicles and upstream resource centers participate in coordinated heating scheduling.

[0072] S4. The mobile heating dispatch center receives the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center at different times. Combining the resource supply of the upstream available resource center at different times, the status information of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles, and the priority of different types of heat users, with the goal of optimizing the system's operating economy and maximizing environmental benefits, it establishes a lower-level system optimization dispatch model and formulates the number, specifications, and route plans of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles at the mobile heat storage vehicle operation station, as well as the resource combination plan for utilizing the upstream available resource center.

[0073] In practical applications, after determining the number, specifications, and route plans of mobile thermal storage vehicles that can be dispatched to mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and the resource combination plan for utilizing available upstream resource centers, the following is also included:

[0074] The mobile heating dispatch center uses dispatchable mobile thermal storage vehicles to store heat at upstream available resource centers according to a route plan and a resource combination plan, and then transports it to the corresponding downstream heat users. Based on the heat users' heat consumption characteristics, the center adjusts the relevant regulating devices of the mobile thermal storage vehicles to control the pressure, temperature, and flow parameters of heat energy release, so as to meet the heat energy demand of heat users at different times and match their heat consumption characteristics. The heat consumption characteristics of heat users include heat consumption time characteristics, heat parameter demand characteristics, and heat load fluctuation characteristics.

[0075] For example, upon reaching downstream heat users, the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of heat release can be adjusted in real time using the regulating devices (such as pressure control valves, temperature regulators, and flow metering pumps) on the mobile heat storage vehicle.

[0076] Pressure regulation: Adapt to the pressure-bearing capacity of the user's heating pipeline (e.g., if the pressure-bearing capacity of the residential user's pipeline is low, the pressure needs to be reduced and released).

[0077] Temperature regulation: Match the heating temperature required by the user (e.g., industrial users may need 150℃ high-temperature steam, while residential heating only requires 50-60℃ hot water);

[0078] Flow regulation: Control the heating rate according to the changes in users' heat demand at different times (e.g., increase the flow rate during peak heating hours in the daytime and decrease the flow rate during off-peak hours at night).

[0079] The heat consumption characteristics of heat users refer to the inherent patterns of different types of users in terms of heat consumption time, parameter requirements, and load fluctuations. These characteristics directly determine the release parameters and scheduling strategies of mobile heat storage vehicles, specifically including:

[0080] 1) Characteristics of heating period

[0081] Residential users: exhibit a "bi-peak characteristic", that is, the peak heating consumption is in the morning (6:00-8:00) and evening (18:00-22:00), while the low consumption is at noon and in the early morning;

[0082] Commercial users (such as shopping malls and office buildings): Peak hours are from 9:00 to 21:00 on weekdays, and may be longer on weekends;

[0083] Industrial users: Most are in continuous production and have stable heat usage periods (e.g., 24 hours a day without interruption), but some industries (e.g., food processing) may have intermittent peak periods.

[0084] 2) Thermal parameter requirements

[0085] Temperature requirements: Residential heating requires 50-60℃ hot water, industrial drying requires 100-200℃ hot air / steam, and agricultural greenhouse heating requires 30-40℃ warm water;

[0086] Pressure requirements: Industrial high-pressure production processes (such as chemical reactions) may require high-pressure steam (0.5-2MPa), while the pressure of residential heating pipelines is usually below 0.2MPa;

[0087] Flow stability: Precision manufacturing (such as electronic component cleaning) is sensitive to flow fluctuations and requires flow deviations to be no more than ±5%, while ordinary residential heating has a higher tolerance for flow fluctuations.

[0088] 3) Heat load fluctuation characteristics

[0089] Short-term fluctuations: such as a sudden surge in demand from commercial users due to a sudden increase in customer traffic;

[0090] Long-term fluctuations: such as seasonal changes (residential heating load in winter is 3-5 times that in summer) and the impact of holidays (residential heating load decreases during the Spring Festival, while commercial user load increases);

[0091] Emergency needs: Some users (such as hospitals and data centers) may have sudden heating needs (such as temporary heating due to equipment failure), and need to have rapid response capabilities.

[0092] It should be noted that there is a logical connection between the upper-level device optimization configuration model and the lower-level system optimization scheduling model: the upper-level model (device optimization configuration) and the lower-level model (system optimization scheduling) are in a progressive relationship of "basic configuration" and "dynamic operation", and the two are closely coupled through "resource supply capacity" and "operational constraints".

[0093] The location, quantity, and model of waste heat recovery devices, electro-thermal conversion devices, and fixed thermal storage devices determined by the upper-level model directly determine the maximum heat source supply capacity of the upstream available resource centers (such as the upper limit of waste heat recovery, electro-thermal conversion power, and fixed thermal storage capacity). These parameters become the core constraints of "resource supply" in the lower-level model. The scheduling results of the lower-level model (such as the heat source utilization in each time period and the heat storage and release of mobile thermal storage vehicles) will have a feedback effect on the configuration rationality of the upper-level model.

[0094] The upper-level model's "minimum investment cost" and the lower-level model's "optimal operational economy" work together to achieve the lowest cost throughout the system's entire life cycle. The upper-level model's "maximum resource utilization" and the lower-level model's "maximum environmental benefits" work together to promote the low-carbon goal. The two have the same goal but focus on different stages (the upper level is for long-term configuration, while the lower level is for short-term operation).

[0095] The logic of the two-layer model iterative interactive solution technique: Solving the two-layer model requires a cyclical process of "upper-layer configuration → lower-layer scheduling → feedback correction → iterative convergence", and the specific steps are as follows:

[0096] 1) Initialize the upper-level model parameters and generate the initial configuration scheme.

[0097] Based on the upstream resource potential (distribution of waste heat, off-peak electricity, and green electricity) and the total demand of downstream heat users, the upper-level model first provides an initial device configuration scheme (such as the number of waste heat recovery devices, fixed thermal storage capacity, etc.) as input constraints for the lower-level model.

[0098] 2) The lower-level model solves for the optimized scheduling results based on the upper-level configuration scheme.

[0099] Under the constraints of the current upper-level configuration (such as the upper limit of heat source supply and fixed heat storage capacity), the lower-level model optimizes the scheduling scheme (number, route, heat charging and discharging plan) and resource combination scheme (the ratio of waste heat / valley electricity / green electricity) of mobile heat storage vehicles with the goals of economy and environmental protection.

[0100] Key output results: actual utilization rate of each unit, operating cost, carbon emissions, supply and demand gap of mobile thermal storage vehicles, etc.

[0101] 3) Feedback and evaluation: Adjust the upper-level configuration scheme based on the results from the lower level.

[0102] The lower-level scheduling results are fed back to the upper-level model to evaluate the rationality of the current configuration scheme:

[0103] If the utilization rate of a certain type of equipment is too low (such as the long-term idleness of the electric-to-heat equipment), it indicates that the configuration is excessive and the quantity or specifications need to be reduced.

[0104] If there is insufficient heat source supply (such as insufficient fixed thermal storage capacity leading to inefficient use of off-peak electricity), additional configuration is required.

[0105] If operating costs or carbon emissions far exceed expectations, the type of equipment needs to be adjusted (e.g., prioritizing the addition of green energy-related equipment).

[0106] 4) Iterative convergence: Repeat the optimization until the termination condition is met.

[0107] The upper-level model adjusts the device configuration parameters based on the feedback results, regenerates a new configuration scheme, and inputs it back into the lower-level model to solve the scheduling results.

[0108] When the change in the upper-level configuration scheme (such as the number of devices and capacity) is less than the set threshold in two consecutive iterations, and the objective function value (cost and carbon emissions) of the lower-level scheduling result tends to stabilize, the model is considered to have converged, and the final upper-level optimal configuration and lower-level optimal scheduling scheme are output.

[0109] 5) Key interaction variables

[0110] During the iteration process, the core interactive variables include: the maximum supply capacity of upstream resources (from the upper layer to the lower layer), the actual utilization rate of the equipment, and the supply-demand gap (from the lower layer to the upper layer). These variables are the bridge connecting the two-layer model.

[0111] In this embodiment, in step S1, the mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with upstream available resource centers, leases dispatchable mobile thermal storage vehicles from mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and establishes heating fee payment agreements with downstream heat user centers, including:

[0112] Based on historical industrial waste heat data, green electricity output data, and grid electricity price data from upstream available resource centers, and combined with current resource trading conditions, the mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with various industrial waste heat suppliers, green electricity suppliers, and the power grid within the upstream available resource centers, stipulating the resource trading capacity and corresponding prices.

[0113] Based on the type of heat energy, heat energy, and heat supply capacity of the heat source required by the downstream heat user centers within the preset dispatch area, the mobile heating dispatch center negotiates with the mobile heat storage vehicle operation station to establish a rental agreement, stipulating the rental price of mobile heat storage vehicles of different specifications and types for different time periods.

[0114] The mobile heating dispatch center and the downstream heat user center establish a heating fee agreement based on the heat user's original heating price, stipulating the heating fee or time-based fee price.

[0115] In addition, mobile heating dispatch centers can also apply to the government for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing waste heat resources and green electricity resources.

[0116] In this embodiment, the industrial waste heat suppliers include steel mills, chemical plants, and coal-fired power plants within a preset dispatch area; the green electricity suppliers include photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and biomass power generation; and the heat users of the downstream heat user center include enterprise users, commercial users, and residential users, and the types of heat energy required by the heat users include steam and hot water.

[0117] The mobile heating dispatch center automatically triggers transaction execution with upstream available resource centers, mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers through blockchain smart contracts.

[0118] Furthermore, when the mobile heating dispatch center transacts with upstream available resource centers, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers, the mobile heating dispatch center acts as the leader, and the upstream available resource centers, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers act as followers. A master-follower game model is established, including the game players, the game strategy space, and the revenue / cost function. During the game, the transaction strategies between the leader and followers influence each other, and the goal is to achieve the optimal economic performance of each party. The master-follower game model is solved to obtain the game equilibrium solution, which is the final transaction information of each party.

[0119] It should be noted that determining the master-slave game relationship includes:

[0120] Mobile heating dispatch center and upstream available resource center: As the demand side, the mobile heating dispatch center can, to a certain extent, propose trading conditions to upstream industrial waste heat suppliers, green electricity suppliers and power grid based on market conditions and its own needs, and has a relatively dominant position, and can act as the main party; while the upstream available resource center responds based on its own costs, benefits and market competition, and acts as the secondary party.

[0121] Mobile heating dispatch center and mobile thermal storage vehicle operation station: The mobile heating dispatch center decides on the leasing demand for mobile thermal storage vehicles based on the needs of downstream heat users, and has the initiative in the leasing relationship, and is the principal party; the mobile thermal storage vehicle operation station makes decisions based on its own operating costs, vehicle idle status, etc., and is the subordinate party.

[0122] Mobile heating dispatch center and downstream heat user centers: The heating demand of downstream heat user centers guides the services of mobile heating dispatch centers. However, mobile heating dispatch centers are professional and coordinated in integrating resources and providing heating services. Therefore, mobile heating dispatch centers act as the main party and downstream heat user centers act as the subordinate party, accepting or providing transaction information such as prices based on their own ability to bear heating costs.

[0123] The economic objective of the mobile heating dispatch center is to maximize the revenue generated from the heat sold to downstream users, minus the cost of purchasing various resources from upstream resource centers and the cost of leasing mobile heat storage vehicles.

[0124] The economic objective of downstream heat user centers is to minimize heat usage costs; the economic objective of upstream available resource centers is to maximize the benefits of selling various resources; and the economic objective of mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations is to maximize vehicle leasing benefits.

[0125] The process of solving the master-slave game model includes:

[0126] 1) Solve using backward induction. Start with the subordinate side, and based on their respective objective functions and constraints, find the optimal response strategy given the decision of the master side;

[0127] 2) Upstream, the resource center, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream thermal user centers can each determine their respective optimal price and quantity response;

[0128] 3) Based on the known response strategy of the slave, the master (mobile heating dispatch center) adjusts its own decisions (transaction price, resource acquisition amount, vehicle rental amount, etc.) to maximize its own objective function;

[0129] 4) Through continuous iteration, until a stable state is reached, that is, neither the master nor the slave can increase their own interests by unilaterally changing their strategies. At this point, game equilibrium is reached, and the final transaction price, transaction volume and other transaction information are determined.

[0130] In this embodiment, in step S2, the mobile heating system, based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources, and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center, undergoes system modification by adding waste heat recovery devices, electricity-to-heat conversion devices, and fixed heat storage devices to obtain and store low-cost heat sources, including:

[0131] The mobile heating system selects its location based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center, taking into account the location of waste heat emission sources within the industrial waste heat supplier, and adds waste heat recovery devices and fixed heat storage devices to recover waste heat resources and store excess heat.

[0132] Within the preset dispatch area, consider the location of green electricity grid connection points and grid off-peak electricity access points, add electric-to-heat conversion devices and fixed heat storage devices to convert off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources into heat energy, and store excess heat energy;

[0133] The location of heat-using equipment should be considered in the downstream heat user center for site selection, and fixed heat storage devices should be added to store the heat energy exceeding the demand.

[0134] In this embodiment, in step S2, with the goal of minimizing investment and installation costs and maximizing resource utilization, an optimal configuration model for the upper-level device is established, expressed as follows:

[0135]

[0136] f1 represents the investment and installation cost target; C cap,i The unit capacity acquisition cost of the i-th type of device; C ins,i λ represents the unit capacity installation cost of the i-th type of device; i C represents the total capacity of the i-th type of device; land,i β represents the unit land cost of the i-th type of device; i is the floor area of ​​the i-th type of device; n is the device type, including waste heat recovery devices, electric-to-heat devices, and stationary heat storage devices;

[0137] maxf2=w1η h +w2η e +w3η s ;

[0138] f2 represents the resource utilization rate target; η h η e η s These are the waste heat resource utilization rate, electricity resource utilization rate, and thermal storage resource utilization rate, respectively; w1, w2, and w3 are the weighting coefficients corresponding to each resource utilization rate.

[0139] It should be noted that the waste heat resource utilization rate = actual heat captured by the waste heat recovery device / total waste heat emissions from upstream industries; the electricity resource utilization rate = actual electricity consumption of the electric-to-heat conversion device during off-peak and green electricity periods / available off-peak and green electricity supply; and the thermal storage resource utilization rate = actual heat storage capacity of the fixed thermal storage device / total designed capacity.

[0140] The constraints of the upper-level device optimization configuration model include: waste heat recovery device capacity constraints, electric-to-heat conversion device power constraints, fixed thermal storage device capacity constraints, and site selection distance constraints.

[0141] In this embodiment, step S3, establishing a dynamic operation model for the mobile thermal storage vehicle, includes:

[0142] In terms of time, the temporal distribution pattern of mobile thermal energy storage vehicles is reflected in the processes of thermal energy loading and storage, vehicle operation, and thermal energy release.

[0143] The time required for thermal energy loading and storage is expressed as follows:

[0144]

[0145] T load For thermal energy loading and storage time; Q cap The thermal storage capacity of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; P source The power output from the upstream available resource center; the thermal energy loading and storage time also needs to match the time window of heat source supply in the upstream available resource center, including the time distribution of industrial waste heat production, and the available time periods of green electricity and off-peak electricity;

[0146] The time required for the vehicle to travel is expressed as follows:

[0147]

[0148] T trans D is the vehicle travel time; D is the total spatial distance from the vehicle to the heat source point in the upstream available resource center and from the heat source point to the heat user point in the downstream heat user center; v is the average travel speed; α is a correction parameter that takes into account actual factors such as road congestion and traffic restrictions.

[0149] The time required for the release of heat energy is expressed as:

[0150] T unload =Q deliver / P user ;

[0151] T unload Q is the time for heat release; deliver To release the required heat for mobile thermal storage vehicles; P user The heat release rate; the heat release time also needs to match the heating time periods of heat users in the downstream heat user center;

[0152] In terms of spatial dimension, the operation of mobile thermal storage vehicles includes storing thermal energy at available upstream resource centers, releasing thermal energy at downstream heat user centers, and traveling within a pre-defined dispatch area; defining the upstream available resource centers and downstream heat user centers as thermal storage and release nodes, the operation of mobile thermal storage vehicles is represented as follows:

[0153]

[0154] The status of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; Let the thermal storage vehicle z move from node a to node b at time t; R hds Z is the set of heat storage and release nodes; mhsv T represents the set of mobile thermal storage vehicles; T represents the set of scheduling times.

[0155] The heat storage and release characteristics of a mobile thermal storage vehicle are expressed as follows:

[0156]

[0157] S mhsv,t S mhsv,t-1 P represents the remaining heat storage capacity of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t and time t-1, respectively; mhsv,t,in P mhsv,t,out These represent the heat storage power and heat release power of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t, respectively; η mhsv,in η mhsv,out These represent the heat storage and release efficiencies of mobile thermal storage vehicles; h mhsv,t The heat dissipation coefficient of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; A mhsv T represents the heat storage and release surface area of ​​a mobile thermal energy storage vehicle. mhsv,t T mhsv,en,t Δt represents the thermal energy temperature of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t and the ambient temperature, respectively; Δt is the scheduling time interval.

[0158] In this embodiment, step S3, quantifying the carbon emission reduction resulting from the participation of mobile thermal storage vehicles and upstream resource centers in coordinated heating scheduling, includes:

[0159] Utilizing waste heat and green electricity resources from upstream resource centers, directly or indirectly, to provide thermal energy for mobile thermal storage vehicles, thereby reducing carbon emissions from heating by replacing traditional fossil fuels with low-carbon or zero-carbon resources, can be expressed as:

[0160]

[0161] To reduce carbon emissions; η is the carbon emission factor. iwh η ge These are the carbon reduction weighting coefficients for waste heat resources and green electricity resources, respectively; P iwh,t P ge,t These represent the thermal energy provided directly or indirectly to the mobile thermal storage vehicle by waste heat resources and green electricity resources at time t.

[0162] It should be noted that the carbon emissions from traditional fossil fuel heating (such as gas boilers and coal-fired units) mainly come from fuel combustion (direct emissions) and energy production and transportation (indirect emissions); while the waste heat and green electricity from upstream resource centers are low-carbon / zero-carbon resources (waste heat has no additional emissions, and carbon emissions during the green electricity production stage are close to zero).

[0163] The role of mobile thermal storage vehicles is to act as "energy transport carriers" to efficiently transfer energy from upstream low-carbon / zero-carbon resources to the heating terminal, replacing the consumption of traditional fossil energy and thus breaking the carbon emission chain of fossil energy.

[0164] In this embodiment, in step S4, the priority settings for different types of heat users include: setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is greater than a first threshold to the highest level, defining them as high-quality heat users; setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is less than the first threshold but greater than a second threshold to the medium level, defining them as medium-level heat users; and setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is less than the second threshold to the low level, defining them as low-level heat users; wherein, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

[0165] It should be noted that the definition of a high-quality hot user includes:

[0166] Judgment criteria: Daily calorie consumption > first threshold;

[0167] Characteristics: They have large and stable heat demand and are the core service targets of the heating system, making a significant contribution to the system load (such as large industrial enterprises and densely populated integrated communities).

[0168] Priority logic: Interruption of heat supply to these users may lead to significant economic losses or social impact, therefore they should be prioritized when resources are scarce;

[0169] The definition of a medium-sized heat user includes:

[0170] Judgment criteria: Second threshold < Daily calorie consumption ≤ First threshold;

[0171] Features: Moderate heat demand, providing some support for system load (such as small and medium-sized commercial buildings, ordinary residential communities, etc.);

[0172] Priority logic: After satisfying the needs of high-quality users, it is necessary to ensure their basic heating needs are met stably, and adjustments can be made appropriately according to the actual load.

[0173] The definition of a low-level hot user includes:

[0174] Judgment criteria: Daily calorie consumption ≤ second threshold;

[0175] Features: Low heat demand, with limited impact on the overall system load (e.g., small shops, scattered residential users).

[0176] Priority logic: When resources are scarce, supply can be appropriately restricted or adjusted (such as temporarily lowering the temperature or shortening the supply time) to prioritize high-priority users.

[0177] The values ​​of the thresholds (first threshold, second threshold) are not fixed and need to be dynamically adjusted based on the actual situation of the system. The main factors to consider include:

[0178] System carrying capacity: If the system has sufficient power supply, the threshold can be appropriately relaxed; if the power supply is tight (such as during the winter peak or equipment maintenance period), the threshold needs to be tightened to focus on core users.

[0179] User type attributes: In addition to calorie demand, users' social attributes can be added (such as public service institutions, which can increase priority even if the calorie demand does not reach the first threshold).

[0180] In this embodiment, after setting the priority of different types of heat users, the method further includes: after the mobile heating dispatch center receives the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center for each time period, if a high-quality heat user has a heat energy demand during that time period, the mobile heat storage vehicle is given priority to meet the heat energy demand, and the heat energy demand of the remaining medium-level heat users and low-level heat users is set to a pending allocation state, and the heat energy demand is met step by step according to the status information of each mobile heat storage vehicle and the upstream resource supply margin.

[0181] In this embodiment, in step S4, with the goal of maximizing system operating economy and environmental benefits, a lower-level system optimization scheduling model is established, which is expressed as:

[0182]

[0183] F1 represents the economic objective of system operation; P h,t To supply heat energy to downstream heat user centers during time period t; ε h The price at which heat energy is sold to downstream heat user centers; P iwh,buy,t Waste heat purchased from upstream available resource centers; ε iwh The price of waste heat purchased from upstream available resource centers; P ge,buy,t Green electricity purchased from upstream resource centers; ε ge The price of green electricity purchased from upstream resource centers; P e,buy,t ε represents the off-peak electricity purchased from the upstream available resource center at time t; e C represents the off-peak electricity price purchased from upstream resource centers; eh,t C represents the operating cost of the electrothermal conversion device at time t. fhs,t C represents the operating cost of a stationary thermal storage unit at time t. mhsv,r,t C is the rental cost of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t; mhsv,o,tF1 represents the operating cost of moving the thermal energy storage vehicle at time t for thermal energy loading and storage, vehicle movement, and thermal energy release; F2 represents the environmental benefit target; δ represents the cost of moving the thermal energy storage vehicle at time t. iwh δ ge These are the unit price for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing waste heat resources and the unit price for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing green electricity resources, respectively.

[0184] The constraints of the lower-level system optimization scheduling model include: thermal energy balance constraints, travel path constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, thermal storage and release power constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, capacity constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, various resource constraints of upstream available resource centers, operation constraints of electric-to-thermal conversion devices, operation constraints of fixed thermal storage devices, and thermal energy demand constraints of downstream thermal user centers.

[0185] It should be noted that the operating costs of mobile thermal energy storage vehicles during thermal energy loading and storage, vehicle operation, and thermal energy release are related to their dynamic operating characteristics in the time and space dimensions.

[0186] In practical applications, the process of using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the lower-level system's optimal scheduling model is as follows:

[0187] 1) Set the operating parameters, including the number of iterations, and the basic parameters of the upstream available resource centers, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers in the mobile heating system;

[0188] 2) Initialize the position and velocity of individual particles in the swarm, and set the decision variables as the number, specifications, route plan, and resource combination plan of mobile thermal storage vehicles that can be dispatched at the mobile thermal storage vehicle operation station and the resource combination plan of the upstream available resource center; the resource combination plan is the combination of the operating output of various resources in each time period, for example, giving priority to the "waste heat + off-peak electricity" basic plan, and gradually replacing it when the cost of green electricity is competitive, so as to maximize the economic and environmental benefits of the mobile thermal storage system.

[0189] 3) Set the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center at each time period, the resource supply of the upstream available resource center at each time period, the status information of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles, and the priority parameter information of different types of heat users. For each particle, calculate the system operation economic target and environmental benefit target function value according to the set decision variables, and record the self-optimal and global optimal values ​​of each particle.

[0190] 4) Update particle position and velocity, and iteratively calculate the objective function value until the number of iterations reaches the maximum value, or the change in the globally optimal objective function value is less than the threshold. Then stop the iteration and output the scheduling scheme corresponding to the globally optimal value.

[0191] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0192] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this invention can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part. If the function is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0193] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-carbon and economical heating method based on mobile thermal storage vehicles and flexible on-demand heating, characterized in that, It includes: S1. The mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with upstream resource centers, leases dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles from mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and establishes heat usage fee agreements with downstream heat user centers. Within a pre-defined dispatch area, it uses mobile heat storage vehicles to connect upstream and downstream, forming a mobile heating system for heat energy storage, transportation, and release. S2. The mobile heating system is upgraded by adding waste heat recovery devices, electric-to-heat devices and fixed heat storage devices to obtain and store low-cost heat sources based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center. With the goal of minimizing investment and installation costs and maximizing resource utilization, an upper-level device optimization configuration model is established to obtain the optimal location, quantity and model parameter schemes for each type of device. S3. Establish a dynamic operation model for mobile thermal storage vehicles and quantify the carbon emission reduction after mobile thermal storage vehicles and upstream resource centers participate in coordinated heating scheduling. S4. The mobile heating dispatch center receives the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center at different times. Combining the resource supply of the upstream available resource center at different times, the status information of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles, and the priority of different types of heat users, with the goal of optimizing the system's operating economy and maximizing environmental benefits, it establishes a lower-level system optimization dispatch model and formulates the number, specifications, and route plans of dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles at the mobile heat storage vehicle operation station, as well as the resource combination plan for utilizing the upstream available resource center.

2. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with upstream available resource centers, leases dispatchable mobile heat storage vehicles from mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and establishes heat usage fee agreements with downstream heat user centers, including: Based on historical industrial waste heat data, green electricity output data, and grid electricity price data from upstream available resource centers, and combined with current resource trading conditions, the mobile heating dispatch center establishes resource trading cooperation agreements with various industrial waste heat suppliers, green electricity suppliers, and the power grid within the upstream available resource centers, stipulating the resource trading capacity and corresponding prices. Based on the type of heat energy, heat energy, and heat supply capacity of the heat source required by the downstream heat user centers within the preset dispatch area, the mobile heating dispatch center negotiates with the mobile heat storage vehicle operation station to establish a rental agreement, stipulating the rental price of mobile heat storage vehicles of different specifications and types for different time periods. The mobile heating dispatch center and the downstream heat user center establish a heating fee agreement based on the heat user's original heating price, stipulating the heating fee or time-based fee price. In addition, mobile heating dispatch centers can also apply to the government for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing waste heat resources and green electricity resources.

3. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The industrial waste heat suppliers include steel mills, chemical plants, and coal-fired power plants within the pre-defined dispatch area; the green electricity suppliers include photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and biomass power generation; the downstream heat user centers include enterprise users, commercial users, and residential users, and the types of heat energy required by the heat users include steam and hot water. The mobile heating dispatch center automatically triggers transaction execution with upstream available resource centers, mobile heat storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers through blockchain smart contracts. Furthermore, when the mobile heating dispatch center transacts with upstream available resource centers, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers, the mobile heating dispatch center acts as the leader, and the upstream available resource centers, mobile thermal storage vehicle operation stations, and downstream heat user centers act as followers. A master-follower game model is established, including the game players, the game strategy space, and the revenue / cost function. During the game, the transaction strategies between the leader and followers influence each other, and the goal is to achieve the optimal economic performance of each party. The master-follower game model is solved to obtain the game equilibrium solution, which is the final transaction information of each party.

4. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the mobile heating system, based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources, and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center, undergoes system modification by adding waste heat recovery devices, electricity-to-heat conversion devices, and fixed heat storage devices to obtain and store low-cost heat sources, including: The mobile heating system selects its location based on the waste heat resources, off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources available in the upstream resource center, taking into account the location of waste heat emission sources within the industrial waste heat supplier, and adds waste heat recovery devices and fixed heat storage devices to recover waste heat resources and store excess heat. Within the preset dispatch area, consider the location of green electricity grid connection points and grid off-peak electricity access points, add electric-to-heat conversion devices and fixed heat storage devices to convert off-peak electricity resources and green electricity resources into heat energy, and store excess heat energy; The location of heat-using equipment should be considered in the downstream heat user center for site selection, and fixed heat storage devices should be added to store the heat energy exceeding the demand.

5. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, with the goal of minimizing investment and installation costs and maximizing resource utilization, an optimal configuration model for the upper-level equipment is established, expressed as follows: f1 represents the investment and installation cost target; C cap,i The unit capacity purchase cost of the i-th type of device; C ins,i The unit capacity installation cost of the i-th type of device; λ i C represents the total capacity of the i-th type of device; land,i The unit land cost for the i-th type of device; β i is the floor area of ​​the i-th type of device; n is the device type, including waste heat recovery devices, electric-to-heat devices, and stationary heat storage devices; maxf2=w1η h +w2η e +w3η s ; f2 represents the resource utilization rate target; η h η e η s These are the waste heat resource utilization rate, electricity resource utilization rate, and thermal storage resource utilization rate, respectively; w1, w2, and w3 are the weighting coefficients corresponding to each resource utilization rate. The constraints of the upper-level device optimization configuration model include: waste heat recovery device capacity constraints, electric-to-heat conversion device power constraints, fixed thermal storage device capacity constraints, and site selection distance constraints.

6. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, a dynamic operation model for the mobile thermal storage vehicle is established, including: In terms of time, the temporal distribution pattern of mobile thermal energy storage vehicles is reflected in the processes of thermal energy loading and storage, vehicle operation, and thermal energy release. The time required for thermal energy loading and storage is expressed as follows: T load For thermal energy loading and storage time; Q cap The thermal storage capacity of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; P source The power output from the upstream available resource center; the thermal energy loading and storage time also needs to match the time window of heat source supply in the upstream available resource center, including the time distribution of industrial waste heat production, and the available time periods of green electricity and off-peak electricity; The time required for the vehicle to travel is expressed as follows: T trans D is the vehicle travel time; D is the total spatial distance from the vehicle to the heat source point in the upstream available resource center and from the heat source point to the heat user point in the downstream heat user center; v is the average travel speed; α is a correction parameter that takes into account actual factors such as road congestion and traffic restrictions. The time required for the release of heat energy is expressed as: T unload =Q deliver / P user ; T unload Q is the time for heat release; deliver To release the required heat for mobile thermal storage vehicles; P user The heat release rate; the heat release time also needs to match the heating time periods of heat users in the downstream heat user center; In terms of spatial dimension, the operation of mobile thermal storage vehicles includes storing thermal energy at available upstream resource centers, releasing thermal energy at downstream heat user centers, and traveling within a pre-defined dispatch area; defining the upstream available resource centers and downstream heat user centers as thermal storage and release nodes, the operation of mobile thermal storage vehicles is represented as follows: The status of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; Let the thermal storage vehicle z move from node a to node b at time t; R hds Z is the set of heat storage and release nodes; mhsv T represents the set of mobile thermal storage vehicles; T represents the set of scheduling times. The heat storage and release characteristics of a mobile thermal storage vehicle are expressed as follows: S mhsv,t S mhsv,t-1 P represents the remaining heat storage capacity of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t and time t-1, respectively; mhsv,t,in P mhsv,t,out These represent the heat storage power and heat release power of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t, respectively; η mhsv,in η mhsv,out These represent the heat storage and release efficiencies of mobile thermal storage vehicles; h mhsv,t The heat dissipation coefficient of the mobile thermal storage vehicle; A mhsv The heat storage and release surface area of ​​the mobile thermal energy storage vehicle; T mhsv,t T mhsv,en,t Δt represents the thermal energy temperature of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t and the ambient temperature, respectively; Δt is the scheduling time interval.

7. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the carbon emission reduction resulting from the participation of mobile thermal storage vehicles and upstream resource centers in coordinated heating scheduling includes: Utilizing waste heat and green electricity resources from upstream resource centers, directly or indirectly, to provide thermal energy for mobile thermal storage vehicles, thereby reducing carbon emissions from heating by replacing traditional fossil fuels with low-carbon or zero-carbon resources, can be expressed as: To reduce carbon emissions; η is the carbon emission factor. iwh η ge These are the carbon reduction weighting coefficients for waste heat resources and green electricity resources, respectively; P iwh,t P ge,t These represent the thermal energy provided directly or indirectly to the mobile thermal storage vehicle by waste heat resources and green electricity resources at time t.

8. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the priority settings for different types of heat users include: setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is greater than a first threshold to the highest level, defining them as high-quality heat users; setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is less than the first threshold but greater than the second threshold to the medium level, defining them as medium-level heat users; and setting the priority of heat users whose daily heat consumption is less than the second threshold to the low level, defining them as low-level heat users; wherein, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

9. The low-carbon economic heating method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After setting priorities for different types of heat users, the system also includes: after the mobile heating dispatch center receives the heat energy demand of different types of heat users in the downstream heat user center for each time period, if a high-quality heat user has a heat energy demand during that time period, the mobile heat storage vehicle will be allocated first to meet the heat energy demand. The heat energy demand of the remaining medium-level and low-level heat users will be set to a pending allocation status, and the heat energy demand will be met step by step according to the status information of each mobile heat storage vehicle and the upstream resource supply margin.

10. The low-carbon and economical heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, with the goal of optimizing system operating economy and maximizing environmental benefits, a lower-level system optimization scheduling model is established, expressed as follows: F1 represents the economic objective of system operation; P h,t To supply heat energy to downstream heat user centers during time period t; ε h The price at which heat energy is sold to downstream heat user centers; P iwh,buy,t Waste heat purchased from upstream available resource centers; ε iwh The price of waste heat purchased from upstream available resource centers; P ge,buy,t Green electricity purchased from upstream resource centers; ε ge The price of green electricity purchased from upstream resource centers; P e,buy,t ε represents the off-peak electricity purchased from the upstream available resource center at time t; e C represents the off-peak electricity price purchased from upstream resource centers; eh,t C represents the operating cost of the electrothermal conversion device at time t. fhs,t C represents the operating cost of a stationary thermal storage unit at time t. mhsv,r,t C is the rental cost of the mobile thermal storage vehicle at time t; mhsv,o,t F1 represents the operating cost of moving the thermal energy storage vehicle at time t for thermal energy loading and storage, vehicle movement, and thermal energy release; F2 represents the environmental benefit target; δ represents the cost of moving the thermal energy storage vehicle at time t. iwh δ ge These are the unit price for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing waste heat resources and the unit price for carbon reduction benefits from utilizing green electricity resources, respectively. The constraints of the lower-level system optimization scheduling model include: thermal energy balance constraints, travel path constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, thermal storage and release power constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, capacity constraints of mobile thermal storage vehicles, various resource constraints of upstream available resource centers, operation constraints of electric-to-thermal conversion devices, operation constraints of fixed thermal storage devices, and thermal energy demand constraints of downstream thermal user centers.

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