Microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on impeller structure Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microwave remote sensing precision calibration, in particular to a microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on an impeller structure Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect. The device comprises a microwave standard radiation system, a dynamic circular track, a Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system, a radiometer receiving antenna, a data acquisition and control system and a data processing system. A microwave electromagnetic signal is alternately irradiated to a Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system and a radiometer receiving antenna, and the interaction between a microwave electric field and a specific Rydberg energy level causes Eutlet-Touth effect energy level splitting, so that an electromagnetic induction transparent spectrum in an atomic laser system generates peak evolution. And the data processing system calculates the electric field intensity and converts the electric field intensity into corresponding brightness temperature so as to calibrate the receiving antenna of the radiometer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of microwave remote sensing precision calibration, and in particular to a microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on wave-rotor structure Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect. BACKGROUND

[0002] Passive microwave remote sensing has the following characteristics: penetration capability, which can penetrate atmospheric obstructions such as clouds, haze and precipitation, obtain ground and atmospheric information, and overcome the limitations of visible light and infrared remote sensing; all-weather and all-day nature, not limited by light or most weather conditions, can observe continuously day and night; highly sensitive to ground characteristics, can monitor key parameters such as land soil moisture, temperature, vegetation water content, and ocean temperature, salinity, wind speed. As a passive microwave remote sensing instrument, the microwave radiometer receives microwave energy from the natural scattering and radiation of the earth's surface, obtains information about the physical properties of the atmosphere, ground and ocean, and has become an important technical means for earth system monitoring.

[0003] In recent years, in order to accurately grasp the long-term trend of climate change and the short-term characteristics of weather, it is urgent to have high precision, high stability and high consistency of continuous observation capability for microwave remote sensing load. This puts forward higher requirements for the observation accuracy of satellites to support the reliability of climate monitoring, weather forecasting and environmental research. Accurate radiation calibration is the basis of microwave remote sensing. The microwave band is currently calibrated by black body, which has limitations in traceability, and it is difficult to efficiently utilize the data.

[0004] The electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms has international system of units traceability and self-calibration characteristics. Using the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Autler Townes (AT) splitting effect of Rydberg atoms, the intensity, polarization, phase and angle of arrival of the microwave field can be measured non-destructively. Rydberg atom electric field measurement technology has developed from weak electric field to strong electric field, successfully measuring field strength from nV / m to kV / m, and experiments have verified that it can complete the measurement of radio frequency field frequency from GHz to THz, but the practicality of quantum metrology is still under development.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a calibration technology based on Rydberg electric field measurement to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, and to provide a microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on wave-rotor structure Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the present application provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect in the wave structure, comprising: a microwave standard radiation system, a dynamic ring track 3, a Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5, a radiometer receiving antenna 4, a data acquisition and control system 6 and a data processing system 14, wherein,

[0008] The microwave standard radiation system is used for emitting microwave electromagnetic signals with standard power, comprising: a microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 1.

[0009] The dynamic ring track 3 is used to drive the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to move, so that the microwave electromagnetic signals are alternately irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 and the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0010] The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 is used to receive the microwave electromagnetic signals, and is used for emitting probe light and coupling light, wherein the probe light and the coupling light excite the atoms to a specific Rydberg state, establish an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum based on a laser field, the microwave electromagnetic signals interact with the Rydberg atoms to cause an Oudler-Townes effect level splitting, resulting in evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light; and is further used for transmitting the spectrum peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0011] The radiometer receiving antenna 4 is used to receive the microwave electromagnetic signals and transmit the microwave electromagnetic signals to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0012] The data acquisition and control system 6 is used to control the microwave standard radiation source 2, the dynamic ring track 3 and the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5, to collect the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signals, and input them to the data processing system 14.

[0013] The data processing system 14 is used to receive the data output by the data acquisition and control system 6, calculate the electric field intensity and convert the electric field intensity into corresponding brightness temperature, so as to calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0014] As an improvement of the above device, the microwave standard radiation system comprises: a calibrated microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 1; the frequency of the microwave electromagnetic signals is the receiving frequency of the radiometer receiving antenna 4, and the power is adjusted by the data acquisition and control system 6; the dynamic ring track 3 also drives the microwave standard radiation source 2 and the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to move synchronously; wherein the adjustment mode is: with the dynamic ring track 3 driving the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 first and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna 4 for half a period, and the power is changed every half period.

[0015] As an improvement of the above device, the angle of the dynamic loop track 3 is controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6; the dynamic loop track 3 drives the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 first and then the radiometer receiving antenna 4 for half a period; each period is a calibration experiment.

[0016] As an improvement of the above device, the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 comprises a laser light source system, an atomic cell 9 and a spectrum measurement system; the laser light source system is used to emit probe light and coupling light; the atomic cell 9 is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms; initially, the alkali metal atoms are in a ground state, and the alkali metal atoms are excited to a Rydberg state by the probe light and the coupling light in opposite directions to obtain Rydberg atoms; the spectrum measurement system is used to collect and display the absorption of the probe light, indicating the change of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum.

[0017] As an improvement of the above device, the laser light source system comprises a probe light system and a coupling light system; the probe light system is used to emit probe light and make the probe light incident to the atomic cell 9; the probe light is used to excite the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to an intermediate state; the coupling light system is used to emit coupling light and make the coupling light incident to the atomic cell 9; the coupling light is used to excite the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to a Rydberg state.

[0018] As an improvement of the above device, the probe light system comprises a probe light source 11 and a mirror 10; the probe light source 11 is used to emit probe light with stable frequency and power, and the probe light is incident to the atomic cell 9 through the mirror 10; the coupling light system comprises a coupling light source 12 and a dichroic mirror 8; the coupling light source 12 is used to emit coupling light with stable frequency and power, and the coupling light is incident to the atomic cell 9 through the dichroic mirror 8.

[0019] As an improvement of the above device, the mirror 10 and the dichroic mirror 8 are positioned oppositely to make the probe light and the coupling light coincide in the light path; the power and the frequency of the probe light source 11 and the coupling light source 12 are controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0020] As an improvement of the above device, the spectrum measurement system comprises a photodetector 7 and a digital oscilloscope 13; the photodetector 7 is used to collect the spectrum of the probe light and perform photoelectric conversion; the corresponding electric signal generated by the conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope 13 through a shielded cable; the digital oscilloscope 13 displays the evolution process of the microwave electromagnetic signal induced electromagnetically induced transparency peak in real time based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electric signal, and transmits the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electric signal to the data acquisition and control system 6; the evolution includes a standard single-peak shape and a spectral peak splitting phenomenon under a preset condition.

[0021] As an improvement of the above device, the data processing system 14 is embedded with an electric field intensity calculation model and a radiation calibration model; the dynamic ring track 3 drives the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 first and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna 4 for half a period; the data acquisition and control system 6 collects the transmission spectrum data and the electromagnetic signal output by the radiometer receiving antenna 4 and transmits them to the data processing system 14 at a frequency of every period; the data processing system 14 is used for accurately calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna 4 by combining the transmission spectrum data and the microwave electromagnetic signal obtained in each period with the quantization relationship between the microwave source electric field and the receiving brightness temperature.

[0022] In order to realize another object of the present application, the present application further provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration method based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect of wave structure, which is realized based on the above-mentioned microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect of wave structure, and comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1, the microwave standard radiation source 2 emits a microwave electromagnetic signal with a standard power, which is radiated and output through the microwave transmitting antenna 1;

[0024] S2, the dynamic ring track 3 drives the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to alternately irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 and the radiometer receiving antenna 4; wherein the dynamic ring track 3 drives the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 first and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna 4 for half a calibration period, the microwave transmitting power is changed every half period, and a complete calibration is performed once every period;

[0025] S3, the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 emits probe light and coupling light, the probe light and the coupling light are used to excite atoms to a specific Rydberg state, an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum based on a laser field is established, the microwave electromagnetic signal interacts with the Rydberg atom to cause an Oudler-Townes effect level splitting, which leads to the evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light, the spectrum peak evolution data is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6, and the microwave electromagnetic signal received by the radiometer receiving antenna 4 is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6;

[0026] S4, the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signal are input to the data processing system 14, the data processing system 14 is used for calculating the electric field intensity and converting the electric field intensity into a corresponding brightness temperature, so as to calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0028] (1) The present application provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect in the wave structure, which combines the electric field intensity and other parameters with atomic parameters and spectral characteristics by using the quantum effect of Rydberg, and has the characteristics of approaching quantum limit sensitivity, easy integration, strong anti-interference, no regional reproducible difference, traceable to international basic units, etc. The combination of Rydberg atom measurement and radiometer calibration makes the calibration more accurate, more reliable, traceable, and better application of measurement data.

[0029] (2) The data processing system of the present application is embedded with a field strength calculation model and a precise calibration model, which can calculate the corresponding brightness temperature according to the AT splitting interval to form traceable brightness temperature data.

[0030] (3) The present application provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration method based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect in the wave structure, which makes the brightness temperature data more accurate and traceable, and greatly improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the work of the microwave radiometer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect in the wave structure provided by the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 is an atomic energy level transition diagram;

[0033] Figure 3(a) is a standard single-peak transmission spectrum diagram;

[0034] Figure 3(b) is a transmission spectrum diagram showing spectral peak splitting phenomenon under certain conditions.

[0035] IDENTIFICATION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] 1, microwave transmitting antenna 2, microwave standard radiation source 3, dynamic ring track

[0037] 4, radiometer receiving antenna 5, Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 6, data acquisition and control system

[0038] 7, photodetector 8, dichroic mirror 9, atomic gas cell

[0039] 10, mirror 11, probe light source 12, coupling light source

[0040] 13, digital oscilloscope 14, data processing system DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present application are further illustrated by the following examples.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The embodiment provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect in a wave wheel structure, referring to the accompanying Figure 1 , comprising a microwave standard radiation system, a dynamic ring track 3, a Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5, a radiometer receiving antenna 4, a data acquisition and control system 6, and a data processing system 14.

[0044] The microwave standard radiation system is used for emitting a microwave electromagnetic signal with a standard power; the microwave standard radiation system comprises a microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 1, and the microwave standard radiation system adopts a calibrated microwave excitation source and an antenna, and the frequency is the radiometer receiving frequency.

[0045] The dynamic ring track 3 is used for moving the microwave transmitting antenna 1 of the microwave radiation system to irradiate different devices with signals.

[0046] The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 is used for receiving the microwave electromagnetic signal and making measurement; the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 comprises a photodetector 7, a dichroic mirror 8, an atomic cell 9, a reflecting mirror 10, a probe light source 11, a coupling light source 12 and a digital oscilloscope 13.

[0047] The radiometer receiving antenna 4 is used for receiving the microwave electromagnetic signal and transmitting the signal to the data acquisition system.

[0048] The data acquisition and control system 6 is used for controlling the angle of the dynamic ring track 3, the power of the radiation source, the power and frequency of the laser light source and obtaining various data.

[0049] The data processing system 14 is used for processing and displaying various data results.

[0050] The microwave standard radiation source 2 has the frequency of the radiometer receiving frequency, and the power can be changed by the data acquisition and control system 6, so that the dynamic ring track 3 irradiates the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 first and then irradiates the radiometer receiving antenna 4 for a half cycle, and the power is changed every half cycle.

[0051] The dynamic ring track 3 is controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6, so that the dynamic ring track 3 irradiates the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 first and then irradiates the radiometer receiving antenna 4 for a half cycle, and one cycle is a calibration experiment; and the position of the dynamic ring track 3 does not affect the observation of the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0052] The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 comprises a laser light source system, the atomic cell 9 and a spectrum measurement system; wherein,

[0053] The laser light source system is used for emitting probe light and coupling light.

[0054] The spectrum measurement system is used for receiving and displaying the probe light spectrum output from the atomic cell 9; wherein,

[0055] An atomic cell 9 filled with alkali metal atoms in gaseous state, initially, the alkali metal atoms are in ground state, for exciting the alkali metal atoms to Rydberg state by probe light and coupling light in opposite directions, the alkali metal atoms no longer absorb the probe light photons, the spectral measurement system displays the electromagnetically induced transparency transmission peak.

[0056] A laser light source system, comprising a probe light system and a coupling light system; wherein,

[0057] The probe light system is used for emitting probe light and incident to the atomic cell 9, the probe light is used for exciting the alkali metal atoms in ground state to intermediate state; the coupling light system is used for emitting coupling light and incident to the atomic cell 9, the coupling light is used for exciting the alkali metal atoms in intermediate state to Rydberg state;

[0058] The probe light system comprises a probe light source 11 and a mirror 10; wherein,

[0059] The probe light source 11 is used for emitting probe light with stable frequency and power, the probe light is incident to the atomic cell 9 through the mirror 10, and then enters the spectral measurement system through the dichroic mirror 8 after passing through the atomic cell 9;

[0060] The coupling light system comprises a coupling light source 12 and a dichroic mirror 8; wherein,

[0061] The coupling light source 12 is used for emitting coupling light with stable frequency and power, the coupling light is incident to the atomic cell 9 through the dichroic mirror 8;

[0062] The mirror 10 is opposite to the dichroic mirror 8, so that the light paths of the probe light and the coupling light coincide.

[0063] The power and the frequency of the probe light source 11 and the coupling light source 12 are controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0064] The spectral measurement system comprises a photodetector 7 and a digital oscilloscope 13; wherein,

[0065] The photodetector 7 is used for inputting the digital oscilloscope 13 after collecting the probe light transmission spectrum;

[0066] The digital oscilloscope 13 is used for transmitting to the data acquisition and control system 6 after receiving.

[0067] After the transmission light beam passes through the spectral measurement system, it is first incident to the photodetector 7 for photoelectric conversion. The corresponding electric signal generated by the conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope 13 through a shielded cable. According to the electric signal intensity and the waveform characteristics, the digital oscilloscope 13 displays the evolution process of the electromagnetically induced transparency effect and the transmission spectrum peak generated after receiving the coupling microwave signal in real time, which specifically includes the standard single-peak shape as shown in FIG. 3(a) and the spectrum peak splitting phenomenon under specific conditions as shown in FIG. 3(b).

[0068] The data acquisition and control system 6 is also used to collect spectrum data and microwave electromagnetic signals output by the radiation antenna, and transmit the data to the data processing system 14 every cycle.

[0069] The data processing system 14 is embedded with a field strength calculation model and a precise calibration model, which is used to precisely calibrate the radiometer using the quantitative relationship between the microwave source electric field and the received power based on the data obtained in each cycle.

[0070] The atomic gas chamber 9 is generally formed by borosilicate glass or fused quartz. The main body of the device is generally cylindrical or cubic, and the interior is processed by a special airtight treatment process to form a closed vacuum environment for encapsulating and maintaining alkali metal atomic vapor.

[0071] The microwave standard radiation source 2 is used to output a signal of a specific frequency and set power to the antenna port. After receiving effective feeding, the microwave transmitting antenna 1 radiates an electromagnetic field in space. The impedance of the microwave standard radiation source 2 is matched with that of the microwave transmitting antenna 1.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the alkali metal atoms are cesium atoms, the detection laser light source is an 852nm semiconductor laser, and the coupling laser light source is a 509nm high-power frequency-doubled semiconductor laser; see the attached Figure 2 The detection laser light source emits a laser with a wavelength of 852nm as the detection light, which is incident on the atomic gas chamber to realize the atomic ground state|1>(6S 1 / 2 )→low excited state|2>(6P 3 / 2 ) energy level transition, the coupled laser light source emits a laser with a wavelength of 509nm as coupling light, which is incident on the atomic gas chamber to achieve the atomic low excited state |2>(6P 3 / 2 ) to the highly excited state |3>(ns, nd) energy level;

[0073] The microwave transmitting antenna 1 radiates an electromagnetic field in space, and applies a microwave electric field with a frequency of f0 to the atomic gas chamber, resulting in coupling of adjacent energy levels of a highly excited state, thereby obtaining an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum with splitting.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] This embodiment provides a microwave radiation traceability calibration method based on the quantum coherence effect of Rydberg atoms in a pulsator structure, which is implemented based on the microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of Rydberg atoms in a pulsator structure provided in Example 1, and includes:

[0076] S1, the microwave electromagnetic signal of standard power is emitted by the microwave standard radiation source 2 and radiated out through the microwave transmitting antenna 1;

[0077] S2, the dynamic ring track 3 drives the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to alternately irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 and the radiometer receiving antenna 4; wherein the dynamic ring track 3 drives the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to first irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna 4 as a half calibration period, the microwave transmitting power is changed every half period, and a complete calibration is performed once every period;

[0078] S3, through the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5, the microwave electromagnetic signal and the laser preset Rydberg state produce Autler-Townes energy level splitting, so that the electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) spectrum peak of the probe light is characterized to evolve, thereby the spectrum peak evolution data is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6; the microwave electromagnetic signal received by the radiometer receiving antenna 4 is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6;

[0079] S4, the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signal are input to the data processing system 14, the electric field intensity is calculated by the data processing system 14, and the electric field intensity is converted into corresponding brightness temperature, thereby the calibration of the radiometer receiving antenna 4 is performed.

[0080] Finally, it should be explained that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limited. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of Rydberg atoms in a wave wheel structure, characterized in that: include: Microwave standard radiation system, dynamic ring track (3), Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5), radiometer receiving antenna (4), data acquisition and control system (6) and data processing system (14), wherein, The microwave standard radiation system is used to transmit microwave electromagnetic signals of standard power, and comprises a microwave standard radiation source (2) and a microwave transmitting antenna (1); The dynamic ring track (3) is used to drive the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to move, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal is alternately irradiated to the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5) and the radiometer receiving antenna (4); The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and to emit probe light and coupled light, wherein the probe light and coupled light excite atoms to a specific Rydberg state, establish an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum based on a laser field, and the microwave electromagnetic signal interacts with the Rydberg atoms to cause the Otterley-Townes effect energy level splitting, resulting in the evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light; and is also used to transmit the spectrum peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system (6); The radiometer receiving antenna (4) is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and transmit the microwave electromagnetic signals to a data acquisition and control system (6); The data acquisition and control system (6) is used to control the microwave standard radiation source (2), the dynamic ring track (3) and the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5), and is used to collect spectrum peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signals and input them into the data processing system (14); The data processing system (14) is used to receive data output by the data acquisition and control system (6), calculate the electric field intensity and convert the electric field intensity into a corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna (4).

2. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect of the impeller structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The microwave standard radiation system comprises: a calibrated microwave standard radiation source (2) and a microwave transmitting antenna (1); the frequency of the microwave electromagnetic signal is the receiving frequency of the radiometer receiving antenna (4), and the power is adjusted by the data acquisition and control system (6); the dynamic ring track (3) also drives the microwave standard radiation source (2) and the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to move synchronously; wherein, The adjustment method is: using a dynamic ring track (3) to drive the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to first irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5) and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna (4) for half a cycle, and changing the power every half cycle.

3. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of the Rydberg atom in the impeller structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle of the dynamic ring track (3) is controlled by a data acquisition and control system (6); the dynamic ring track (3) drives the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to first irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5) and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna (4) for half a cycle, and each cycle is a calibration experiment.

4. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of the Rydberg atom in a pulsator structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5) comprises: a laser light source system, an atomic gas chamber (9) and a spectrum measurement system; wherein, The laser light source system is used to emit detection light and coupling light; The atomic gas chamber (9) is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms; the alkali metal atoms are initially in a ground state, and the alkali metal atoms are excited to a Rydberg state by detection light and coupling light in opposite directions to obtain Rydberg atoms; The spectrum measurement system is used to collect and display the absorption of the detection light, indicating the change of the electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum.

5. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of the Rydberg atom of the impeller structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The laser light source system includes: a detection light system and a coupling light system; wherein, The detection light system is used to emit detection light and inject the detection light into the atomic gas chamber (9); wherein the detection light is used to excite the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the intermediate state; The coupling light system is used to emit coupling light and inject the coupling light into the atomic gas chamber (9); wherein the coupling light is used to excite the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to the Rydberg state.

6. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of the Rydberg atom in the impeller structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The detection light system comprises: a detection light source (11) and a reflector (10), wherein: The detection light source (11) is used to emit detection light with stable frequency and power, and the detection light is incident into the atomic gas chamber (9) via the reflector (10); The coupling light system comprises: a coupling light source (12) and a dichroic mirror (8), wherein the coupling light source (12) is used to emit coupling light with stable frequency and power, and the coupling light is incident into the atomic gas chamber (9) via the dichroic mirror (8).

7. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of the Rydberg atom of the impeller structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The reflector (10) and the dichroic mirror (8) are positioned relative to each other so that the optical paths of the detection light and the coupling light overlap; the power and frequency of the detection light source (11) and the coupling light source (12) are controlled by a data acquisition and control system (6).

8. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of the Rydberg atom in a wave wheel structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The spectrum measurement system comprises: a photodetector (7) and a digital oscilloscope (13), wherein: The photoelectric detector (7) is used to collect the detection light spectrum and perform photoelectric conversion; the corresponding electrical signal generated by the conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope (13) through a shielded cable, and the digital oscilloscope (13) displays the evolution process of the electromagnetically induced transparent peak induced by the microwave electromagnetic signal in real time based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal, and transmits the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal to the data acquisition and control system (6); wherein the evolution includes: a standard single peak morphology and a spectrum peak splitting phenomenon under preset conditions.

9. The microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of the Rydberg atom in a wave wheel structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data processing system (14) is embedded with an electric field intensity calculation model and a radiation calibration model; the dynamic ring track (3) drives the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to first irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5) and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna (4) for half a cycle; the data acquisition and control system (6) collects transmission spectrum data and electromagnetic signals output by the radiometer receiving antenna (4), and transmits them to the data processing system (14) at a frequency of each cycle; the data processing system (14) is used to combine the transmission spectrum data and microwave electromagnetic signals obtained in each cycle with the quantitative relationship between the microwave source electric field and the receiving brightness temperature to accurately calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna (4).

10. A microwave radiation traceability calibration method based on the quantum coherence effect of Rydberg atoms in a pulsator structure, implemented based on the microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the quantum coherence effect of Rydberg atoms in a pulsator structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: S1, a microwave electromagnetic signal of standard power is emitted by a microwave standard radiation source (2) and radiated out through a microwave transmitting antenna (1); S2, controlling the dynamic ring track (3) to drive the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to alternately irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5) and the radiometer receiving antenna (4); wherein, the dynamic ring track (3) drives the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to first irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system (5) and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna (4) for half a calibration cycle, the microwave transmitting power is changed every half cycle, and a complete calibration is performed in each cycle; S3, emitting detection light and coupling light through the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5), using the detection light and coupling light to excite atoms to a specific Rydberg state, establishing an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum based on the laser field, the interaction between the microwave electromagnetic signal and the Rydberg atom causes the Otterley-Townes effect energy level splitting, resulting in the evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the detection light, and transmitting the spectrum peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system (6); receiving the microwave electromagnetic signal through the radiometer receiving antenna (4) and transmitting it to the data acquisition and control system (6); S4. Inputting the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signal into a data processing system (14), calculating the electric field intensity through the data processing system (14) and converting the electric field intensity into a corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna (4).

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