Blasting experiment seismological observation data processing method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to a blasting experiment seismological observation data processing method and a blasting experiment seismological observation data processing system, which are mainly used for solving the technical problems of low efficiency and difficulty in conjoint analysis caused by separate processing of detector data and seismometer data in existing seismic exploration. According to the blasting experiment seismological observation data processing method, a cable-free node type detector and a seismometer are adopted to form a blasting experiment seismological observation system, an original coordinate table under a GPS coordinate system or a northeast coordinate system is obtained through surveying and mapping, or the original coordinate table under the GPS coordinate system is obtained through the node type detector and the seismometer; according to the method, the geometric arrangement diagram, the seismic signal oscillogram and the seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram can be drawn, the seismic phase arrival time can be picked up, and the problems that in the prior art, the efficiency of separate processing of detector data and seismometer data is not high, and joint analysis is difficult are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a seismic observation data processing method and system, in particular to a shot experiment seismic observation data processing method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Explosive is often used as artificial seismic source in field seismic exploration, and this method of exciting artificial seismic source is called "shot". In order to study the effect of shot exciting artificial seismic source, shot experiment is needed to measure the seismic signals generated by shot under different explosive amounts and burial depths, and to analyze the amplitude changes of seismic signals in different frequency bands at different measuring distances. Low-cost geophones are often used to record seismic signals in seismic exploration. Therefore, geophones are mainly used as seismic signal acquisition instruments in shot experiments, and the corresponding seismic record data format is also stored in the form of exploration special data format (such as sgy format). However, as the research on explosive-excited seismic signals deepens, when more precise measurement of shot experiment seismic signals is needed, high-sensitivity short-period or wide-band seismometers commonly used in natural seismic observation are often used. The seismic data acquisition device matched with such high-sensitivity seismometers stores data in the format commonly used in natural seismic observation (such as sac format).

[0003] Seismic exploration data and natural seismic observation data have significant differences in recording and storage methods, so their processing methods are also different. Seismic exploration generates seismic waves through artificial seismic source and records these seismic waves using a cable geophone string. These geophone strings are connected in series on the same cable to form a string. Therefore, the exploration special data format has the corresponding characteristics of the cable geophone string, for example, the data recorded by different geophones connected in series on the same cable are distinguished by "channel number", and the spatial position relationship between geophone points and between geophone points and shot points are indicated by parameters such as "trace interval" and "offset", which are all recorded in the header field of the geophone observation data file. Finally, multiple data on the same geophone string are stored together in one observation data file. Natural seismic observation data is stored in units of seismic observation stations, that is, the observation data of one seismic observation station is only recorded in one data file, and the data of different stations are stored in different data files. The global positioning system (GPS) coordinates and sampling rate of the station and other observation information are stored in the header field of the data file. Different storage methods result in significant differences in processing natural seismic observation data and seismic exploration observation data.

[0004] Therefore, when shot experiment seismic observation uses short-period or wide-band seismometers commonly used in natural seismic observation for more precise measurement, it is necessary to use mature software in the seismic exploration and natural seismic industry to process the shot data recorded by geophones and seismometers respectively, such as Figure 1However, the use of data processing programs commonly used in the field of seismic exploration and natural earthquake observation to process the detector data and the seismometer data respectively is costly and inconvenient for joint analysis. On the other hand, since the blasting experiment mainly focuses on the characteristics of the seismic signals excited by explosives, the amplitude variation of the seismic signals is more concerned in the process of analyzing and processing the seismic observation data of the blasting experiment. However, the commonly used seismic exploration data processing program mainly faces velocity modeling and migration imaging, and has weak processing capability for the amplitude of the seismic signals. The natural earthquake data processing program is inclined to natural earthquake phase identification, epicenter location and magnitude calculation, and does not deeply analyze the attenuation variation of the seismic signals with the depth of the seismic source and the propagation distance, and rarely concerns the signal difference of different earthquakes at the same observation station. Neither the conventional seismic exploration data processing program nor the natural earthquake data processing program can better adapt to the needs of the data processing of the blasting experiment. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and difficulty in joint analysis of separate processing of detector data and seismometer data in existing seismic exploration, and to provide a blasting experiment seismic observation data processing method and system.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present application is as follows:

[0007] A blasting experiment seismic observation data processing method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1, a plurality of cableless node type detectors and seismometers are used to form a blasting experiment seismic observation system, seismic signals excited by multiple blasting experiments are collected to obtain seismic observation data, and the sac format is used for unified storage. The shot point of the multiple blasting experiments is named to obtain a shot point name table. The multiple node type detectors and seismometers are named to obtain a detector point name table. Information of each blasting experiment is recorded to obtain blasting experiment information.

[0009] S2, an original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system or the northeast coordinate system is obtained by surveying and mapping, or an original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system is obtained by node type detector and seismometer positioning. The original coordinate table includes shot point name, shot point position, detector point name and detector point position.

[0010] S3, data processing: including steps A, B, C and / or D of parallel processing.

[0011] A, configure trace type and position data type, GPS priority type, GPS projection type, convert GPS coordinate system or northeast coordinate system of the original coordinate table into Cartesian coordinate system by using position calculation function according to the shot point name table, the geophone name table and the original coordinate table, draw and output the geometric arrangement diagram of the shooting experiment seismic observation system; the GPS priority type is to preferentially use the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system obtained by surveying and mapping or preferentially use the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system obtained by positioning of the node geophone and the geophone;

[0012] B, configure trace type and band-pass filter frequency band, draw and output the seismic signal waveform diagram according to the shot point name table, the geophone name table and the seismic observation data;

[0013] C, calculate and output the phase arrival time picking result according to the shot point name table, the geophone name table and the seismic observation data;

[0014] D, configure common shot point trace and band-pass filter frequency band, draw and output the seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram according to the shooting experiment information, the shot point name table, the geophone name table and the seismic observation data;

[0015] The configuration of the trace type includes configuration of the common shot point trace and configuration of the common geophone trace.

[0016] Further, in step S3, the configuration of the common shot point trace is specifically:

[0017] Select at least one shooting experiment and at least one geophone participating in the selected shooting experiment in the shot point name table and the geophone name table; the shot points in the selected shooting experiment form a common shot point trace shot point list; the selected geophone forms a common shot point trace geophone list;

[0018] The configuration of the common geophone trace is specifically:

[0019] Select at least one geophone and at least one shooting experiment observed by the selected geophone in the shot point name table and the geophone name table; the shot points in the selected shooting experiment form a common geophone trace shot point list; the selected geophone forms a common geophone trace geophone list.

[0020] Further, step A is specifically:

[0021] A1, configure common shot point trace or configure common geophone trace, configure position data type, GPS priority type, GPS projection type;

[0022] A2, according to the configuration of step A1, using the position calculation function to calculate the shot point position and the receiver point position of the shot points and the receiver points in the Cartesian coordinate system in the common shot gather shot point list and the common shot gather receiver point list, or the common receiver gather shot point list and the common receiver gather receiver point list, and take them as Cartesian coordinate data;

[0023] A3, according to the Cartesian coordinate data, draw the geometric arrangement diagram of the corresponding seismic observation system of the common shot gather shot point list and the common shot gather receiver point list, or the common receiver gather shot point list and the common receiver gather receiver point list of the shooting experiment;

[0024] A4, distinguish the shot points and the receiver points by using different symbols in the geometric arrangement diagram of the seismic observation system, and mark the shot point name and the receiver point name respectively at each symbol.

[0025] Further, step B is specifically:

[0026] B1, configure the common shot gather or configure the common receiver gather, and configure the band-pass filter frequency band;

[0027] B2, select a shot point in the common shot gather shot point list as a common shot point, and select all receiver points that record the seismic signals excited by the common shot point in the common shot gather receiver point list;

[0028] Or select a receiver point in the common receiver gather receiver point list as a common receiver point, and select all shot points whose shooting time coincides with the seismic observation time period with the common receiver point in the common receiver gather shot point list;

[0029] B3, according to the seismic observation data collected by the selected receiver point and the shooting experiment information, draw the seismic signal waveform excited by the common shot point;

[0030] Or according to the seismic observation data collected by the common receiver point and the shooting experiment information, draw the seismic signal waveform excited by all shot points recorded by the common receiver point;

[0031] And sequentially perform band-pass filtering and amplitude normalization on the seismic signal waveform;

[0032] B4, take the shooting time as 0 time, take time as the horizontal coordinate; calculate the distance between the common shot point and the selected receiver point as the offset; take the offset as the vertical coordinate, and sequentially draw all seismic signal waveforms according to the offset values in the vertical coordinate direction;

[0033] Or take the shooting time as 0 time, take time as the horizontal coordinate; sequentially draw all seismic signal waveforms recorded by the common receiver point in the vertical coordinate direction at equal intervals;

[0034] B5, selecting the next shot point in the common shot point gather shot point list in turn as a new common shot point;

[0035] or selecting the next receiver point in the common receiver point gather receiver point list in turn as a new common receiver point;

[0036] repeating steps B2 to B4 until all shot points in the common shot point gather shot point list are traversed, or all receiver points in the common receiver point gather receiver point list are traversed, to obtain a common shot point gather seismic signal waveform graph or a common receiver point gather seismic signal waveform graph;

[0037] For the common shot point gather, the name of the receiver point is marked in front of each seismic signal waveform in the seismic signal waveform graph; for the common receiver point gather, the name of the shot point is marked in front of each seismic signal waveform in the seismic signal waveform graph.

[0038] Further, step C is specifically:

[0039] C1, selecting M times of shooting experiments in the shot point name table, M≥1; the shot points in the M times of shooting experiments are shot point 1, shot point 2…shot point M respectively;

[0040] C2, obtaining N1 receiver points participating in the first shooting experiment in the receiver point name table, N1≥1; the N1 receiver points form a first receiver point list;

[0041] C3, calculating the distances from the receiver points in the first receiver point list to shot point 1, and the receiver points from near to far to shot point 1 are receiver point 1, receiver point 2…receiver point N1 in turn; according to the seismic observation data, the seismic signal waveform of receiver point 1 is drawn;

[0042] C4, picking up the specified phase arrival time on receiver point 1 and the time window containing the specified phase on receiver point 1 in the seismic signal waveform, to complete the picking up of the specified phase arrival time and the time window on receiver point 1;

[0043] C5, according to the seismic observation data, obtaining the seismic signals of receiver point 1 and receiver point 2 in the time window respectively, and calculating the cross-correlation function of the two seismic signals to obtain a time offset that makes the cross-correlation function take the maximum value;

[0044] C6, adding the time offset in step C5 to the specified phase arrival time picked up in step C4 to obtain the specified phase arrival time corresponding to receiver point 2;

[0045] adding the time offset in step C5 to the time window picked up in step C4 to obtain the time window corresponding to receiver point 2; completing the picking up of the specified phase arrival time and the time window on receiver point 2;

[0046] C7. Consider the detection point that has completed the designated phase arrival time and time window picking in step C6 as detection point 1 in step C5, and consider the next detection point with the designated phase arrival time and time window to be picked as detection point 2 in step C5. Repeat steps C5 to C6, and sequentially pick the designated phase arrival times from detection point 3 to detection point N1 in the first detection point list, thus completing the designated phase arrival time picking for the first blasting experiment.

[0047] C8. Repeat steps C2 to C7 to complete the designated seismic phase arrival time picking of the 2nd blasting experiment to the Mth blasting experiment in sequence, and output the seismic phase arrival time picking results.

[0048] Furthermore, step D is specifically as follows:

[0049] D1, configure common shot gathers and bandpass filter bands;

[0050] D2. According to the method of steps B2-B5, a seismic signal waveform diagram of each shot point in the common shot point gather shot point list is drawn as a seismic signal waveform diagram of the common shot point gather;

[0051] D3. Selecting an amplitude picking time window for each seismic signal waveform on the common shot gather seismic signal waveform diagram;

[0052] D4. Derivative the seismic signal waveform within the amplitude picking time window, and pick up the maximum peak-to-peak value of the seismic signal waveform;

[0053] D5. Analyze the amplitude changes of the seismic observations in the blasting experiment based on the maximum peak-to-peak value and output the amplitude attenuation diagram of the seismic signal in the blasting experiment.

[0054] Furthermore, in step S1, the blasting test information includes the time, burial depth, explosive charge, and explosive shape of each blasting test.

[0055] Furthermore, in step S1, the seismometer further includes a matching seismic data collector;

[0056] In step S2, the northeast coordinates are obtained through surveying and mapping, and the original coordinate table in the northeast coordinate system is obtained by using the northeast coordinate reading function; or the GPS coordinates are obtained through surveying and mapping, and the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system is obtained by using the GPS coordinate reading function; the GPS coordinates are obtained through the built-in positioning module of the node detector and the built-in positioning module of the seismic data collector, and the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system is obtained by using the GPS coordinate reading function, and the original coordinate table includes the shot point name, shot point position, detection point name, and detection point position.

[0057] The present invention also provides a blasting experiment seismic observation data processing system for implementing the above-mentioned blasting experiment seismic observation data processing method, which is characterized by:

[0058] It includes an earthquake observation database and parameter table, as well as a parameter table reading module, a position information calculation module, a geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, a earthquake signal waveform diagram drawing module, a seismic phase arrival time picking module, and a earthquake signal amplitude attenuation diagram drawing module;

[0059] The seismic observation database is used to store seismic observation data files and location information files; the storage format of the seismic observation data files is SAC format; the location information file is used to store the original coordinate table, which includes the shot point name, shot point location, detection point name, and detection point location;

[0060] The parameter table includes the storage paths of seismic observation data files and location information files, as well as shot point list files, detection point list files, and blasting experiment information files; the shot point list file is used to store a shot point name table, and the detection point list file is used to store a detection point name table; the blasting experiment information file is used to store blasting experiment information, and the parameter table also includes a gather type, a location data type, a GPS priority type, a GPS projection type, a bandpass filter frequency band, and switch parameters and output paths of a geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, a seismic signal waveform diagram drawing module, a phase arrival time picking module, and a seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram drawing module;

[0061] The parameter table is connected to the seismic observation database and is used to obtain the storage paths of the seismic observation data files and the location information files; the input end of the parameter table reading module is connected to the parameter table, and the output end is respectively connected to the input ends of the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, the seismic signal waveform diagram drawing module, the seismic phase arrival time picking module, the seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram drawing module, and the first input end of the location information calculation module;

[0062] The second input terminal of the position information calculation module is connected to the parameter table, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, and is used to calculate Cartesian coordinate data according to the original coordinate table when the switch parameter of the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module is configured to be on in the parameter table; the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module is used to draw a geometric arrangement diagram of the observation system according to the Cartesian coordinate data;

[0063] The seismic signal waveform drawing module is used to draw the seismic signal waveform when the switch parameter of the seismic signal waveform drawing module configured in the parameter table is in the on state, and to perform band-pass filtering and amplitude normalization on the seismic signal waveform in sequence;

[0064] The seismic phase arrival time picking module is used to pick up the designated seismic phase arrival time of the detection point in the seismic signal waveform when the switch parameter of the seismic phase arrival time picking module configured in the parameter table is in the on state;

[0065] The seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph plotting module is configured with a seismic signal waveform graph plotting module, and a switch parameter of the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph plotting module is in an open state; the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph plotting module is used for analyzing amplitude variation of a shooting experiment seismic observation and outputting a shooting experiment seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph.

[0066] The output ends of the geometric arrangement graph plotting module, the seismic signal waveform graph plotting module, the seismic phase arrival time picking module and the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph plotting module output results according to output paths configured in the parameter table.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

[0068] 1. The shooting experiment seismic observation data processing method adopts a node type geophone and a seismometer to form a shooting experiment seismic observation system, obtains an original coordinate table in a GPS coordinate system or a northeast coordinate system through surveying and mapping, or obtains an original coordinate table in a GPS coordinate system through the node type geophone and the seismometer, and can realize drawing of a geometric arrangement graph, a seismic signal waveform graph and a seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph, and picking of a seismic phase arrival time, thereby solving the problems of low efficiency of separate processing of geophone data and seismometer data and difficulty in joint analysis in the prior art.

[0069] 2. The shooting experiment seismic observation data processing method uses a node type geophone and a short period and wide band seismometer used in natural earthquake observation to observe a shooting experiment seismic signal, and uniformly stores observation data in a sac format commonly used in natural earthquakes, so that the unified data format (such as the SAC format) facilitates data storage and management and reduces errors in the data conversion process.

[0070] 3. The shooting experiment seismic observation data processing method introduces a concept of a "trace gather" (including, for example, a common shot point trace gather and a common geophone point trace gather) commonly used in seismic exploration into natural earthquake data processing, so that seismic observation data obtained by the seismometer and the node type geophone can be jointly analyzed through composition of a seismic trace gather.

[0071] 4. The shooting experiment seismic observation data processing method uses a new type of node type geophone to gradually replace a cable geophone at a lower layout cost. Since the cable is completely eliminated in the node type geophone composed of a seismic observation system, each node type seismometer has an independent global positioning (GPS) and time system, and seismic observation data recorded by the node type seismometer are independently stored in an internal storage of the seismometer and can be exported in a natural earthquake data format (such as a sac format). The shooting experiment seismic observation data processing method can deeply analyze attenuation variation of a seismic signal with a seismic source depth and a propagation distance, and differences of signals of different earthquakes at the same observation station.

[0072] 5. The present invention provides a blasting experiment seismic observation data processing system. Each module operates relatively independently, capable of independently accessing blasting experiment-related information and seismic observation data and performing corresponding data processing, thereby improving overall processing speed. Furthermore, the required module can be selected based on the specific task and adjusted using a parameter table. The system automatically executes the data processing flow according to the parameter table until the process ends or an error is reported, reducing the need for manual intervention. This significantly improves efficiency for large-scale data processing tasks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic observation system for conventional blasting experiments;

[0074] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a blasting experiment seismic observation system in an embodiment of a blasting experiment seismic observation data processing method of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of step S2 in an embodiment of a method for processing seismic observation data from a blasting experiment according to the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 The present invention is a connection block diagram of an embodiment of a blasting experiment seismic observation data processing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0078] The present invention provides a method for processing earthquake observation data from a blasting experiment, comprising the following steps:

[0079] S1, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a blasting experiment seismic observation system is composed of multiple cable-free node-type geophones, seismometers, and seismic data collectors that match the seismometers. The seismic signals stimulated by multiple blasting experiments are collected to obtain seismic observation data, which are uniformly saved in the SAC format.

[0080] Name multiple blasting experiments and obtain a shot point name table; name multiple node-type geophones and seismometers and obtain a geophone point name table;

[0081] Record the information of each blasting test and obtain the blasting test information, which includes the time, burial depth, explosive quantity and explosive shape of each blasting test.

[0082] S2, such as Figure 3As shown, the northeast coordinates are obtained by surveying and mapping, and the original coordinate table in the northeast coordinate system is obtained by using a northeast coordinate reading function; or the GPS coordinates are obtained by surveying and mapping, and the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system is obtained by using a GPS coordinate reading function; the GPS coordinates are obtained by a positioning module built in the node geophone and a positioning module built in the seismic data collector, and the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system is obtained by using a GPS coordinate reading function, wherein the original coordinate table comprises shot point names, shot point positions, geophone point names and geophone point positions.

[0083] S3, data processing: including steps A, B, C and / or D of parallel processing;

[0084] The gather type includes common shot point gathers and common geophone point gathers.

[0085] A, configuring the gather type, the position data type, the GPS priority type and the GPS projection type, converting the GPS coordinate system or the northeast coordinate system of the original coordinate table into the Cartesian coordinate system according to the shot point name table, the geophone point name table and the original coordinate table by using a position calculation function, and drawing and outputting the geometric arrangement diagram of the shot experiment seismic observation system. The position calculation function is a function in MATLAB, which includes a function of projecting from spherical coordinates to plane coordinates. The GPS priority type is to preferentially use the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system obtained by surveying and mapping or to preferentially use the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system obtained by positioning of the node geophone and the seismometer;

[0086] A1, configuring the common shot point gathers, selecting at least one shot experiment and at least one geophone participating in the selected shot experiment in the shot point name table and the geophone point name table; the shot points in the selected shot experiment form a common shot point gather shot point list; and the selected geophones form a common shot point gather geophone list.

[0087] Or configuring the common geophone point gathers, selecting at least one geophone and at least one shot experiment observed by the selected geophone in the shot point name table and the geophone point name table; the shot points in the selected shot experiment form a common geophone point gather shot point list; and the selected geophones form a common geophone point gather geophone list.

[0088] Configuring the position data type, the GPS priority type and the GPS projection type (i.e. how to project the GPS coordinate system onto the Cartesian coordinate);

[0089] A2, according to the configuration of step A1, calculating the shot point positions and the geophone point positions of the shot points and the geophones in the common shot point gather shot point list and the common shot point gather geophone list or the common geophone point gather shot point list and the common geophone point gather geophone list in the Cartesian coordinate system by using the position calculation function, and taking them as Cartesian coordinate data.

[0090] A3, drawing the geometry layout of the seismic observation system corresponding to the common-shot gather shot point list and the common-shot gather receiver point list, or the common-receiver gather shot point list and the common-receiver gather receiver point list according to the Cartesian coordinate data;

[0091] A4, using different symbols to distinguish the shot points and the receiver points in the geometry layout of the seismic observation system, and marking the shot point name and the receiver point name respectively at each symbol.

[0092] B, configuring the gather type and the band-pass filter frequency band, and drawing and outputting the seismic signal waveform diagram according to the shot point name table, the receiver point name table and the seismic observation data; specifically including the following steps:

[0093] B1, configuring the common-shot gather, selecting at least one shot experiment and at least one receiver point participating in the selected shot experiment in the shot point name table and the receiver point name table; the shot points in the selected shot experiment form the common-shot gather shot point list; the selected receiver points form the common-shot gather receiver point list;

[0094] or configuring the common-receiver gather, selecting at least one receiver point and at least one shot experiment observed by the selected receiver point in the shot point name table and the receiver point name table; the shot points in the selected shot experiment form the common-receiver gather shot point list; the selected receiver points form the common-receiver gather receiver point list;

[0095] configuring the band-pass filter frequency band;

[0096] B2, selecting a shot point in the common-shot gather shot point list as a common shot point, and selecting all the receiver points recording the seismic signals excited by the common shot point in the common-shot gather receiver point list;

[0097] or selecting a receiver point in the common-receiver gather receiver point list as a common receiver point, and selecting all the shot points whose shooting time coincides with the time period of the seismic observation with the common receiver point in the common-receiver gather shot point list;

[0098] B3, drawing the seismic signal waveform excited by the common shot point according to the seismic observation data collected by the selected receiver point and the shot experiment information;

[0099] or drawing the seismic signal waveforms excited by all the shot points recorded by the common receiver point according to the seismic observation data collected by the common receiver point and the shot experiment information;

[0100] and sequentially performing band-pass filtering and amplitude normalization on the seismic signal waveforms;

[0101] B4, taking the shooting time as the 0 time, taking the time as the horizontal coordinate; calculating the distance between the common shot point and the selected receiver point as the offset; taking the offset as the vertical coordinate, and sequentially drawing all the seismic signal waveforms according to the offset values in the vertical coordinate direction.

[0102] or taking the time as the horizontal coordinate, and drawing all the seismic signal waveforms recorded by the common receiver point in the vertical coordinate direction in turn at equal intervals;

[0103] B5, selecting the next shot point in the common shot point gather shot point list as a new common shot point in turn;

[0104] or selecting the next receiver point in the common receiver point gather receiver point list as a new common receiver point in turn;

[0105] Repeat steps B2 to B4 until all shot points in the common shot point gather shot point list are traversed, or all receiver points in the common receiver point gather receiver point list are traversed, to obtain a common shot point gather seismic signal waveform graph or a common receiver point gather seismic signal waveform graph;

[0106] For the common shot point gather, the receiver point name is marked in front of each seismic signal waveform in the seismic signal waveform graph; for the common receiver point gather, the shot point name is marked in front of each seismic signal waveform in the seismic signal waveform graph.

[0107] C, calculating and outputting the phase arrival time picking result according to the shot point name table, the receiver point name table and the seismic observation data; specifically including the following steps:

[0108] C1, selecting M times of shooting experiments in the shot point name table, M≥1; the shot points in the M times of shooting experiments are shot point 1, shot point 2…shot point M respectively;

[0109] C2, obtaining N1 receiver points participating in the first shooting experiment in the receiver point name table, N1≥1; the N1 receiver points form a first receiver point list;

[0110] C3, calculating the distances from the receiver points in the first receiver point list to shot point 1, and the receiver points from near to far from shot point 1 are receiver point 1, receiver point 2…receiver point N1 in turn; according to the seismic observation data, drawing the seismic signal waveform of receiver point 1;

[0111] C4, picking the specified phase arrival time on receiver point 1 and the time window containing the specified phase on receiver point 1 in the seismic signal waveform, completing the picking of the specified phase arrival time and the time window on receiver point 1;

[0112] C5, respectively obtaining the seismic signals of receiver point 1 and receiver point 2 within the time window according to the seismic observation data, and calculating the cross-correlation function of the two seismic signals to obtain the time offset that makes the cross-correlation function take the maximum value;

[0113] C6, adding the time offset in step C5 to the specified phase arrival time picked in step C4 to obtain the specified phase arrival time corresponding to receiver point 2;

[0114] Add the time offset in step C5 to the time window picked up in step C4 to obtain the time window corresponding to detection point 2; complete the picking up of the specified seismic phase arrival time and the time window on detection point 2;

[0115] C7, regarding the detection point on which the specified seismic phase arrival time and the time window have been completed in step C6 as detection point 1 in step C5, regarding the detection point on which the specified seismic phase arrival time and the time window are to be picked up next as detection point 2 in step C5, repeatedly execute steps C5 to C6 to pick up the specified seismic phase arrival time on detection point 3 to detection point N1 in the first detection point list in turn, and complete the picking up of the specified seismic phase arrival time of the first shooting experiment;

[0116] C8, repeatedly execute steps C2 to C7 to complete the picking up of the specified seismic phase arrival time of the second shooting experiment to the Mth shooting experiment in turn, and output the picking up result of the seismic phase arrival time.

[0117] D, configure a common shot gather and a band-pass filter frequency band, draw and output a seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram according to the shooting experiment information, the shot name table, the detection point name table and the seismic observation data, and the drawing includes the following steps:

[0118] D1, configure a common shot gather, select at least one shooting experiment and at least one detection point participating in the selected shooting experiment in the shot name table; the shots in the selected shooting experiment form a common shot gather shot list; and the selected detection points form a common shot gather detection point list;

[0119] Configure a band-pass filter frequency band;

[0120] D2, draw a seismic signal waveform diagram of each shot in the common shot gather shot list as a common shot gather seismic signal waveform diagram according to the method in steps B2 to B5;

[0121] D3, select an amplitude picking time window for each seismic signal waveform on the common shot gather seismic signal waveform diagram;

[0122] D4, derive the seismic signal waveform in the amplitude picking time window to pick up the maximum peak-to-peak value of the seismic signal waveform;

[0123] D5, analyze the seismic observation amplitude variation of the shooting experiment according to the maximum peak-to-peak value and output a seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram of the shooting experiment.

[0124] The application also provides a shooting experiment seismic observation data processing system, which comprises the shooting experiment seismic observation data processing method. Figure 4As shown, for realizing the above-mentioned shot experiment seismic observation data processing method, a seismic observation database and a parameter table are provided, and a parameter table reading module, a position information calculation module, a geometric arrangement drawing module, a seismic signal waveform drawing module, a phase arrival time picking module, and a seismic signal amplitude attenuation drawing module are provided.

[0125] The seismic observation database is used for storing seismic observation data files and position information files; the storage format of the seismic observation data files is a sac format; the position information files are used for storing original coordinate tables, and the original coordinate tables include shot point names, shot point positions, geophone point names, and geophone point positions.

[0126] The parameter table includes storage paths of the seismic observation data files and the position information files, and shot point list files, geophone point list files, and shot experiment information files; the shot point list files are used for storing shot point name tables, the geophone point list files are used for storing geophone point name tables, and the shot experiment information files are used for storing shot experiment information; the parameter table further includes a gather type, a position data type, a GPS priority type, a GPS projection type, a band-pass filtering frequency band, and switch parameters and output paths of the geometric arrangement drawing module, the seismic signal waveform drawing module, the phase arrival time picking module, and the seismic signal amplitude attenuation drawing module.

[0127] The parameter table is connected with the seismic observation database and is used for obtaining the storage paths of the seismic observation data files and the position information files; an input end of the parameter table reading module is connected with the parameter table, and output ends of the parameter table reading module are respectively connected with input ends of the geometric arrangement drawing module, the seismic signal waveform drawing module, the phase arrival time picking module, the seismic signal amplitude attenuation drawing module, and a first input end of the position information calculation module.

[0128] A second input end of the position information calculation module is connected with the parameter table, and an output end of the position information calculation module is connected with an input end of the geometric arrangement drawing module; when the parameter table configures switch parameters of the geometric arrangement drawing module to be in an open state, the position information calculation module is used for calculating Cartesian coordinate data according to the original coordinate table; the geometric arrangement drawing module is used for drawing a geometric arrangement drawing of an observation system according to the Cartesian coordinate data.

[0129] The seismic signal waveform drawing module is used for drawing seismic signal waveforms when the parameter table configures switch parameters of the seismic signal waveform drawing module to be in an open state, and sequentially performing band-pass filtering and amplitude normalization on the seismic signal waveforms.

[0130] The phase arrival time picking module is used for picking specified phase arrival times of geophones in the seismic signal waveforms when the parameter table configures switch parameters of the phase arrival time picking module to be in an open state.

[0131] The seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph drawing module is configured with the seismic signal waveform graph drawing module in the parameter table, and when the switch parameter of the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph drawing module is in the open state, the amplitude variation of the seismic observation of the shooting experiment is analyzed, and the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph of the shooting experiment is output.

[0132] The output ends of the geometric arrangement graph drawing module, the seismic signal waveform graph drawing module, the seismic phase arrival time picking module and the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph drawing module output the results according to the output paths configured in the parameter table.

[0133] In the shooting experiment seismic observation data processing system, the modules are relatively independent, can read the shooting experiment related information and seismic observation data through the corresponding information reading function, and carry out corresponding data processing. After the configuration parameters required by each processing module are given in the parameter table, the program automatically runs to the end of the data processing flow or reports an error in the middle.

[0134] The present application improves the efficiency of shooting experiment seismic observation and data processing, better realizes the combination of node geophone and seismometer in shooting experiment seismic observation, and makes the shooting experiment seismic observation obtain better measurement results. Since the data processing flow adopts modular design, it provides space for subsequent processing flow improvement, for example, the seismic phase arrival time picking can use better algorithms.

Claims

1. A method for processing earthquake observation data from blasting experiments, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Use multiple cable-free node-type geophones and seismometers to form a blasting experiment seismic observation system, collect seismic signals stimulated by multiple blasting experiments, obtain seismic observation data; and uniformly save them in SAC format; name the blasting points of multiple blasting experiments to obtain a blasting point name table; name multiple node-type geophones and seismometers to obtain a detection point name table; record information about each blasting experiment to obtain blasting experiment information; S2. Obtaining an original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system or the Northeast coordinate system through surveying and mapping, or obtaining an original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system through nodal geophones or seismometer positioning. The original coordinate table includes the shot point name, shot point location, geophone point name, and geophone point location; S3, data processing: including steps A, B, C and / or D of parallel processing; A. Configure the gather type and position data type, GPS priority type, and GPS projection type. Based on the shot point name table, receiver point name table, and original coordinate table, use the position calculation function to convert the GPS coordinate system or the northeast coordinate system of the original coordinate table into a Cartesian coordinate system, and draw and output a geometric arrangement diagram of the blasting experiment seismic observation system. The GPS priority type is to give priority to the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system obtained by surveying and mapping, or to give priority to the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system obtained by node-type geophones and seismometer positioning. B. Configure the gather type and bandpass filter frequency band, and draw and output the seismic signal waveform according to the shot point name table, receiver point name table, and seismic observation data; C. Calculate and output the seismic phase arrival time picking results based on the shot point name table, receiver point name table, and seismic observation data; D. Configure common shot gathers and bandpass filter bands, and draw and output seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagrams based on firing experiment information, shot name table, receiver name table, and seismic observation data; The configured gather types include configured common shot point gathers and configured common detection point gathers.

2. The method for processing earthquake observation data from a blasting experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the configuration of the common shot gather is as follows: Select at least one blasting experiment and at least one receiver point that participated in the selected blasting experiment from the shot point name table and receiver point name table; the shot points in the selected blasting experiment form a shot point list of a common shot point gather; the selected receiver points form a receiver point list of a common shot point gather; The configuration of the common detection point gathers is specifically as follows: Select at least one detection point and at least one blast experiment observed at the selected detection point in the shot point name table and the detection point name table; the shot points in the selected blast experiment form a common detection point gather shot point list; the selected detection points form a common detection point gather detection point list.

3. The method for processing earthquake observation data from blasting experiments according to claim 2, wherein: Step A is specifically as follows: A1. Configure common shot gathers or common receiver gathers, and configure the location data type, GPS priority type, and GPS projection type. A2. According to the configuration of step A1, a position calculation function is used to calculate the shot point list and the common shot point gather detection point list of the common shot point gather, or the shot point positions and the detection point positions of the shot points and the detection points in the common detection point gather shot point list and the common detection point gather detection point list in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the calculated positions are used as Cartesian coordinate data; A3. Based on the Cartesian coordinate data, draw the geometric layout diagram of the seismic observation system corresponding to the shot point list of the common shot point gather and the receiver point list of the common shot point gather, or the shot point list of the common receiver point gather and the receiver point list of the common receiver point gather; A4. Use different symbols to distinguish between shot points and receiver points in the geometric layout diagram of the seismic observation system, and mark the shot point name and receiver point name separately at each symbol.

4. The method for processing blasting experiment seismic observation data according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step B is specifically as follows: B1. Configure common shot gathers or common receiver gathers, and configure bandpass filter frequency bands; B2. Select a shot point in the shot point list of the common shot point gather as the common shot point, and select all the receiver points that record the seismic signals excited by the common shot point in the receiver point list of the common shot point gather; Or select a detection point in the common detection point gather detection point list as the common detection point, and select all shot points whose firing time coincides with the seismic observation period of the common detection point in the common detection point gather shot point list; B3. Draw the waveform of the seismic signal excited by the common shot point based on the seismic observation data collected at the selected detection points and the blasting experiment information; Or, based on the seismic observation data collected at the common detection points and the blasting experiment information, the seismic signal waveforms of all shot points recorded at the common detection points are plotted; The seismic signal waveform is then subjected to band-pass filtering and amplitude normalization in sequence; B4, take the firing time as time 0 and time as the horizontal axis; Calculate the distance between the common shot point and the selected detection point as the shot offset; With the offset as the ordinate, all seismic signal waveforms are plotted in sequence in the ordinate direction according to the offset value; Alternatively, the blasting time is taken as time 0 and the time is taken as the horizontal axis; the waveforms of the seismic signals excited by all the shot points recorded by the common detection points are plotted in the vertical axis direction at equal intervals; B5. Select the next shot point in the shot point list of the common shot point gather as the new common shot point; Or select the next detection point in the common detection point gather detection point list as the new common detection point; Repeat steps B2 to B4 until all shot points in the shot point list of the common shot point gather or all receiver points in the receiver point list of the common receiver point gather are traversed to obtain a seismic signal waveform diagram of the common shot point gather or a seismic signal waveform diagram of the common receiver point gather; For common shot point gathers, the detection point name is indicated before each seismic signal waveform in the seismic signal waveform diagram; for common detection point gathers, the shot point name is indicated before each seismic signal waveform in the seismic signal waveform diagram.

5. The method for processing blasting experiment seismic observation data according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step C is specifically as follows: C1. Select M firing experiments from the firing point name table, where M ≥ 1; the firing points in the M firing experiments are respectively firing point 1, firing point 2, ..., firing point M; C2. Obtain N1 detection points participating in the first blasting experiment from the detection point name table, where N1 ≥ 1; the N1 detection points form the first detection point list; C3. Calculate the distances from the first detection point list to shot point 1. The detection points closest to shot point 1 are, in descending order, detection point 1, detection point 2, and detection point N1. Draw the seismic signal waveform at detection point 1 based on the seismic observation data. C4. Picking the arrival time of the specified seismic phase at the detection point 1 in the seismic signal waveform, and picking the time window containing the specified seismic phase at the detection point 1, thereby completing the picking of the arrival time and time window of the specified seismic phase at the detection point 1; C5. Based on the seismic observation data, obtain the seismic signals of detection point 1 and detection point 2 within the time window respectively, and calculate the cross-correlation function of the two seismic signals to obtain the time offset that maximizes the cross-correlation function value; C6. Add the time offset in step C5 to the designated phase arrival time picked up in step C4 to obtain the designated phase arrival time corresponding to detection point 2; Add the time offset in step C5 to the time window picked in step C4 to obtain the time window corresponding to detection point 2; complete the picking of the designated phase arrival time and time window at detection point 2; C7. Consider the detection point that has completed the designated phase arrival time and time window picking in step C6 as detection point 1 in step C5, and consider the next detection point with the designated phase arrival time and time window to be picked as detection point 2 in step C5. Repeat steps C5 to C6, and sequentially pick the designated phase arrival times from detection point 3 to detection point N1 in the first detection point list, thus completing the designated phase arrival time picking for the first blasting experiment. C8. Repeat steps C2 to C7 to complete the designated seismic phase arrival time picking of the 2nd blasting experiment to the Mth blasting experiment in sequence, and output the seismic phase arrival time picking results.

6. A method for processing blasting experiment seismic observation data according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step D is specifically as follows: D1, configure common shot gathers and bandpass filter bands; D2. According to the method of steps B2-B5, a seismic signal waveform diagram of each shot point in the common shot point gather shot point list is drawn as a seismic signal waveform diagram of the common shot point gather; D3. Selecting an amplitude picking time window for each seismic signal waveform on the common shot gather seismic signal waveform diagram; D4. Derivative the seismic signal waveform within the amplitude picking time window, and pick up the maximum peak-to-peak value of the seismic signal waveform; D5. Analyze the amplitude changes of the seismic observations in the blasting experiment based on the maximum peak-to-peak value and output the amplitude attenuation diagram of the seismic signal in the blasting experiment.

7. A method for processing blasting experiment seismic observation data according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the blasting test information includes the time, burial depth, explosive charge, and explosive shape of each blasting test.

8. The method for processing earthquake observation data from blasting experiments according to claim 7, wherein: In step S1, the seismometer further includes a matching seismic data collector; In step S2, the northeast coordinates are obtained through surveying and mapping, and the original coordinate table in the northeast coordinate system is obtained by using the northeast coordinate reading function; or the GPS coordinates are obtained through surveying and mapping, and the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system is obtained by using the GPS coordinate reading function; the GPS coordinates are obtained through the built-in positioning module of the node detector and the built-in positioning module of the seismic data collector, and the original coordinate table in the GPS coordinate system is obtained by using the GPS coordinate reading function, and the original coordinate table includes the shot point name, shot point position, detection point name, and detection point position.

9. A blasting experiment seismic observation data processing system, used to implement the blasting experiment seismic observation data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes an earthquake observation database and parameter table, as well as a parameter table reading module, a position information calculation module, a geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, a earthquake signal waveform diagram drawing module, a seismic phase arrival time picking module, and a earthquake signal amplitude attenuation diagram drawing module; The seismic observation database is used to store seismic observation data files and location information files; the storage format of the seismic observation data files is SAC format; the location information file is used to store the original coordinate table, which includes the shot point name, shot point location, detection point name, and detection point location; The parameter table includes the storage paths of seismic observation data files and location information files, as well as shot point list files, detection point list files, and blasting experiment information files; the shot point list file is used to store a shot point name table, and the detection point list file is used to store a detection point name table; the blasting experiment information file is used to store blasting experiment information, and the parameter table also includes a gather type, a location data type, a GPS priority type, a GPS projection type, a bandpass filter frequency band, and switch parameters and output paths of a geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, a seismic signal waveform diagram drawing module, a phase arrival time picking module, and a seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram drawing module; The parameter table is connected to the seismic observation database and is used to obtain the storage paths of the seismic observation data files and the location information files; the input end of the parameter table reading module is connected to the parameter table, and the output end is respectively connected to the input ends of the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, the seismic signal waveform diagram drawing module, the seismic phase arrival time picking module, the seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram drawing module, and the first input end of the location information calculation module; The second input terminal of the position information calculation module is connected to the parameter table, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, and is used to calculate Cartesian coordinate data according to the original coordinate table when the switch parameter of the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module is configured to be on in the parameter table; the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module is used to draw a geometric arrangement diagram of the observation system according to the Cartesian coordinate data; The seismic signal waveform drawing module is used to draw the seismic signal waveform when the switch parameter of the seismic signal waveform drawing module configured in the parameter table is in the on state, and to perform band-pass filtering and amplitude normalization on the seismic signal waveform in sequence; The seismic phase arrival time picking module is used to pick up the designated seismic phase arrival time of the detection point in the seismic signal waveform when the switch parameter of the seismic phase arrival time picking module configured in the parameter table is in the on state; The seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph drawing module is used to analyze the change of the seismic observation amplitude of the blasting experiment and output the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph of the blasting experiment when the switch parameters of the seismic signal waveform graph drawing module and the seismic signal amplitude attenuation graph drawing module are configured in the parameter table to be on; The output ends of the geometric arrangement diagram drawing module, the seismic signal waveform diagram drawing module, the seismic phase arrival time picking module, and the seismic signal amplitude attenuation diagram drawing module output results according to the output paths configured in the parameter table.

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