Multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on multi-wavelength laser array

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system comprises the multi-wavelength laser array, an optical amplifier, an optical circulator, a plurality of multiplexing / demultiplexing devices, an optical modulator, a sensor, an optical fiber reflector and an optical detector. Multi-wavelength lasers generated by the multi-wavelength laser array are combined through one multiplexing / demultiplexing device, are transmitted by a certain distance, are separated back to multiple paths of optical carriers through the other multiplexing / demultiplexing device and enter the optical modulator, and electric signals of the sensor are loaded into the optical carriers through the optical modulator, so that multiple paths of signal light with different wavelengths are obtained; and the multipath signal light enters the optical detector after being separated by the multiplexing / demultiplexing device again, and the electric signal generated by the sensor is restored. The sensing communication system has smaller transmission loss, higher anti-interference performance and higher safety, the size and the cost are reduced, all sensing signals can be processed independently and do not influence each other, and the working stability of the sensing communication system is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of sensing and optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to a multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sensors are used to convert physical quantities into electrical signals, and different working principles are adopted according to different physical quantities. For example, a pressure sensor converts pressure into an electrical signal by using the deformation of an elastic element, and a temperature sensor converts temperature into an electrical signal by using a thermistor or a thermocouple. The analog signal obtained by the sensor is generally converted into a digital signal before being transmitted and processed.

[0003] In actual applications, the signal obtained by the sensor often needs to be transmitted for a certain distance before being processed. At present, the transmission of sensing signals is generally in the form of electrical signals. Compared with electrical signals, the use of optical signals in sensing systems has the following significant advantages: first, the transmission loss is small, and optical signals can realize longer distance transmission without frequent relay amplification, while electrical signals will be affected by factors such as resistance, resulting in signal attenuation and distortion; second, the anti-interference ability is strong, and optical signals can still maintain stable transmission in a strong electromagnetic environment, while electrical signals are easily affected by electromagnetic interference, resulting in a decline in transmission quality; third, the safety is good, and the optical signal is well confined in the optical fiber during transmission, and it is difficult to be eavesdropped or interfered, while eavesdropping and interference on electrical signals are relatively easy. Therefore, in some scenarios that require long-distance transmission of signals, work in harsh electromagnetic environments, and protect sensitive information, using optical fiber to transmit sensing signals is a more reliable and secure choice.

[0004] At present, the transmission of sensing signals by optical fiber is mostly one optical fiber transmitting one beam of signal light. If multiple sensing signals need to be transmitted, the number of optical fibers needs to be increased, or the electrical signals of multiple sensing signals need to be combined and then loaded into the optical carrier for transmission. Increasing the number of optical fibers will increase the cost and volume of the entire transmission system, and combining and transmitting electrical signals will require the use of time division multiplexing technology, which will greatly increase the complexity and reliability of the system. Therefore, the present application provides a multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] (I) The application provides a multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array, comprising a multi-wavelength laser array, a first multiplexer / demultiplexer, a second multiplexer / demultiplexer, an optical modulator, a sensor, an optical fiber mirror, a third multiplexer / demultiplexer and an optical detector; the output end of the multi-wavelength laser array is connected to the combining input end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, the combining output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the splitting input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, the splitting output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the optical modulator and the optical fiber mirror in sequence, the reflection end of the optical fiber mirror is connected to the optical modulator again, the optical modulator is connected to the combining input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, the combining output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the splitting input end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer, and the splitting output end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the optical detector; the laser generated by the multi-wavelength laser array is combined by the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, separated into multiple optical carriers by the second multiplexer / demultiplexer after transmission for a distance, and enters the optical modulator; the sensor is connected to the optical modulator, used for converting the physical quantity to be measured into an electrical signal, and loading the electrical signal into the optical carrier of different wavelengths by the optical modulator to obtain multiple signal lights of different wavelengths; the multiple signal lights enter the optical modulator after being reflected by the optical fiber mirror, are combined by the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, and enter the optical detector after being separated by the third multiplexer / demultiplexer, so that the electrical signal generated by the sensor is restored.

[0008] Further, an optical circulator and an optical amplifier are further provided; the input end of the optical amplifier is connected to the combining output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer; the optical circulator is provided with three ports, the output end of the optical amplifier is connected to the first port of the optical circulator; the second port of the optical circulator is connected to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, and the third port is connected to the third multiplexer / demultiplexer.

[0009] Further, the multi-wavelength laser array comprises a plurality of lasers, the plurality of lasers are independent of each other, or the plurality of lasers are integrated on the same chip; the laser is a continuous wave (CW) light output, and a single laser is a distributed feedback (DFB) laser or a distributed Bragg reflector or the like laser with single longitudinal mode output. The multi-wavelength laser array serves as a system light source, and the lasers in the array generate optical carriers with different wavelengths (λ1, λ2, λ3, …, λn). n ) of different wavelengths.

[0010] Further, the number of the sensor, the optical modulator, the optical detector and the optical fiber mirror is the same as the number of the lasers in the multi-wavelength laser array.

[0011] Furthermore, the combined optical carrier is transmitted via an optical fiber to the first port of the optical circulator and is emitted from the second port of the optical circulator. After passing through the optical circulator, the optical carrier will be sent to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer after a long-distance transmission, which will separate the combined optical carrier back into the original multi-channel optical carrier with different wavelengths. The separated optical carrier enters the optical modulator, and the electrical signals obtained by the multiple sensors 10 based on the changes in the measured physical quantities will be loaded into optical carriers of different wavelengths by the optical modulator, thereby obtaining multi-channel signal light of different wavelengths. The signal light will be reflected by the optical fiber reflector, merged along the original path, and return to the second port of the optical circulator, and be emitted from the third port of the optical circulator. It should be noted that after reflection, the signal light passes through the optical modulator again, which only increases the modulation depth during low-speed amplitude modulation and does not have much impact on the signal waveform.

[0012] Furthermore, the wavelength of each channel in the multi-wavelength laser array matches and corresponds one to one with the wavelength of each channel of each multiplexer / demultiplexer.

[0013] Furthermore, the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, the second multiplexer / demultiplexer and the third multiplexer / demultiplexer adopt polarization-independent arrayed waveguide gratings, fiber Bragg gratings or Mach-Zehnder interferometers.

[0014] Furthermore, the optical amplifier is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) or an optical amplifier of other structures to compensate for the attenuation that may occur during subsequent optical fiber transmission.

[0015] Furthermore, the wavelength of the multi-wavelength laser array meets the ITU-T standard; the wavelengths of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, the second multiplexer / demultiplexer and the third multiplexer / demultiplexer meet the ITU-T standard.

[0016] Furthermore, the optical modulator is a modulator with polarization-independent characteristics. Alternatively, the optical modulator is a polarization-dependent modulator such as a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), an electro-absorption modulator (EAM), or a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). A 45-degree Faraday rotator is required between the polarization-dependent optical modulator and the fiber reflector. The Faraday rotator is connected to the optical modulator and the fiber reflector, respectively. After the signal light passes through the optical circulator, it is demultiplexed by a third multiplexer / demultiplexer and enters the optical detector. The multiple optical signals with different wavelengths are ultimately converted into electrical signals, and the electrical signals generated by the original sensor are restored.

[0017] Further, the physical quantity to be measured detected by the sensor is sound pressure, temperature or displacement; and the sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a polyvinylidene fluoride sensor, an eddy current sensor, a Hall sensor or a thermocouple sensor.

[0018] Further, the optical fiber mirror is a reflective filter that can work in the wavelength band of the n-channel multi-wavelength laser array.

[0019] Further, the n-channel multi-wavelength laser array and the n-channel multiplexer / demultiplexer are coupled by a lens array or wire bonding.

[0020] (II) The application further provides another multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array, comprising a multi-wavelength laser array, a first multiplexer / demultiplexer, a second multiplexer / demultiplexer, an optical modulator, a sensor, a fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer, a third multiplexer / demultiplexer and an optical detector; the output end of the multi-wavelength laser array is connected to the combining input end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, the combining output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the splitting input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, the splitting output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the optical modulator, the optical modulator is connected to the combining input end of the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer, the combining output end of the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the splitting input end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer, and the splitting output end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the optical detector; the laser generated by the multi-wavelength laser array is combined by the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, separated into multiple optical carriers by the second multiplexer / demultiplexer after a distance of transmission, and then enters the optical modulator; the sensor is connected to the optical modulator, and is used to convert the physical quantity to be measured into an electrical signal, which is loaded into the optical carrier of different wavelengths by the optical modulator to obtain multiple signal lights of different wavelengths; the multiple signal lights are combined by the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer, separated by the third multiplexer / demultiplexer, and then enter the optical detector, so that the electrical signal generated by the sensor is restored.

[0021] Further, an optical amplifier is arranged; the optical amplifier is arranged between the first multiplexer / demultiplexer and the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, the input end of the optical amplifier is connected to the combining output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, and the output end of the optical amplifier is connected to the splitting input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer.

[0022] Further, the multi-wavelength laser array comprises a plurality of lasers, which are independent of each other or integrated on the same chip; the lasers are continuous wave (CW) light output, and each laser is a distributed feedback (DFB) laser or a distributed Bragg reflector or other laser with single longitudinal mode output.

[0023] Further, the number of sensors, light modulators and light detectors is the same as the number of lasers in the multi-wavelength laser array.

[0024] Further, the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, the third multiplexer / demultiplexer and the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer are arrayed waveguide gratings, fiber Bragg gratings or Mach-Zehnder interferometers.

[0025] Further, the optical amplifier is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) or other structure of optical amplifier to compensate for the possible attenuation in subsequent optical fiber transmission.

[0026] Further, the wavelengths of the multi-wavelength laser array meet the ITU-T standard; and the wavelengths of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, the third multiplexer / demultiplexer and the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer meet the ITU-T standard.

[0027] Further, the channel wavelengths of the multi-wavelength laser array and the channel wavelengths of the multiplexer / demultiplexer are matched and one-to-one corresponding.

[0028] Further, the physical quantity to be measured by the sensor is sound pressure, temperature or displacement; and the sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor, an eddy current sensor, a Hall sensor or a thermocouple sensor.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0030] (1) The present application uses optical fibers instead of cables to transmit sensing signals, has smaller transmission loss, higher anti-interference and higher safety, and only one optical fiber or two optical fibers are needed in the transmission process, further reducing the volume and cost;

[0031] (2) The present application uses multiple lasers of different wavelengths as the optical carrier of each sensing signal, and transmits after combining on the optical level, without using multiplexing technology of electrical signals, so that each sensing signal can be processed independently without affecting each other;

[0032] (3) The application arranges active devices such as laser array and photoelectric detector at the signal processing and detection end of the sensor, and the signal combining and transmission at the sensor position are all optical passive devices, only an optical modulator is configured, which increases the working stability of the sensor communication system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 Figure of the laser array based reflective multi-channel sensor communication optical transmission system of the embodiment 1 of the application;

[0034] Figure 2 Figure of the laser array based transmissive multi-channel sensor communication optical transmission system of the embodiment 2 of the application;

[0035] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the coupling and combining of the laser array and the arrayed waveguide grating of the application;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the modulation of the optical carrier twice through the optical modulator of the embodiment 1 of the application;

[0037] The signs in the drawings are:

[0038] 1, multi-wavelength laser array; 2, first multiplexer / demultiplexer; 3, optical amplifier; 4, optical circulator; 5, second multiplexer / demultiplexer; 6, optical modulator; 7, optical fiber mirror; 8, third multiplexer / demultiplexer; 9, optical detector; 10, sensor; 11, fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the application and the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] The embodiment provides a multi-channel sensor communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array, which comprises a multi-wavelength laser array 1, a first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, an optical circulator 4, an optical amplifier 3, a second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, an optical modulator 6, a sensor 10, an optical fiber mirror 7, a third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8 and an optical detector 9. The optical circulator 4 is provided with three ports.

[0042] As Figure 1As shown, the multi-wavelength laser array 1 is used as a system light source, the output end of which is connected to the combining input end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, the combining output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2 is connected to the input end of the optical amplifier 3, the output end of the optical amplifier 3 is connected to the first port of the optical circulator 4, the third port of the optical circulator 4 is connected to the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8, the second port of the optical circulator 4 is connected to the splitting input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, the splitting output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 is connected to the optical modulator 6 and the fiber mirror 7 in sequence, the reflection end of the fiber mirror 7 is connected to the optical modulator 6 again, the optical modulator 6 is connected to the combining input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, the combining output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 is connected to the second port of the optical circulator 4, the third port of the optical circulator 4 is connected to the splitting input end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8, and the splitting output end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8 is connected to the optical detector 9. The sensor 10 is connected to the optical modulator 6, and is used to convert the physical quantity to be measured into an electrical signal.

[0043] The multi-wavelength laser array 1 is composed of 1x8 parallel matrix distributed high-density monolithic 8 single-mode DFB laser units, and the laser is a continuous wave light output. Each laser unit is coupled into a silica platform-based optical waveguide through a lens, so that the optical passive device is used as a multiplexer / demultiplexer for combining.

[0044] Here, the multiplexer / demultiplexer is taken as an example of an arrayed waveguide grating, and the light of each channel is incident from the input port of the arrayed waveguide grating, and the light of all channels can be emitted from a single port after passing through the arrayed waveguide grating. The channel spacing of the No. 1-8 laser units is 100 GHz (corresponding to a wavelength of about 0.8 nm), the lasing wavelengths are 1547.32 nm, 1548.12 nm, 1548.92 nm, 1549.72 nm, 1550.52 nm, 1551.72 nm, 1552.52 nm and 1553.33 nm, respectively, and the working wavelengths of each port in the arrayed waveguide grating correspond to one of them.

[0045] The number of the sensor 10, the optical modulator 6, the optical detector 9 and the fiber mirror 7 is the same as the number of the lasers in the multi-wavelength laser array 1. The optical amplifier 3 is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

[0046] As Figure 4As shown, the optical modulator 6 is a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA, and a 45-degree Faraday rotator is arranged between the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA and the fiber mirror 7, and the Faraday rotator is connected with the optical modulator 6 and the fiber mirror 7 respectively. Here, the optical carrier exists in two polarization states of TE and TM, and the light in the TE mode receives greater gain in the SOA, so the emitted light in the TE mode has higher modulation depth than the light in the TM mode. The emitted signal light enters the 45-degree Faraday rotator, and then is reflected by the fiber mirror and enters the 45-degree Faraday rotator again. Therefore, the polarization angle of the reflected light rotates 90 degrees in total, and the original TE mode becomes the TM mode after reflection, and the original TM mode becomes the TE mode after reflection. The reflected light enters the SOA modulator and is modulated again. As known from the above, all the light passes through the SOA modulator twice in the TE and TM polarization states, so the modulated optical signal is polarization-independent.

[0047] In the embodiment, the wavelengths of the multi-wavelength laser array 1 satisfy the ITU-T standard. The wavelengths of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 and the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8 satisfy the ITU-T standard. The physical quantity to be measured detected by the sensor 10 is sound pressure, temperature or displacement, and the sensor 10 is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a polyvinylidene fluoride sensor, an eddy current sensor, a Hall sensor or a thermocouple sensor.

[0048] The operation principle of the embodiment is as follows:

[0049] The laser generated by the multi-wavelength laser array 1 is combined by the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, and the combined optical carrier is transmitted to the first port of the optical circulator 4 through the optical fiber. The optical circulator 4 is a non-reciprocal optical device, and the light can be fully transmitted in the next port in the counterclockwise direction in the figure when the light is incident from any port. Therefore, the optical carrier will be emitted from the second port and transmitted along the single-mode optical fiber to the sensor. After the optical carrier is emitted from the second port, it is transmitted through a long distance and is sent to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, which separates the combined optical carrier into the original multiple optical carriers with different wavelengths and is divided into 8 channels according to the different wavelengths of the optical waves. Each separated optical carrier enters the corresponding optical modulator 6, and the electrical signals obtained by the 8 sensors 10 according to the changes of the measured physical quantities are loaded into the optical carriers with different wavelengths by the 8 optical modulators 6, so that multiple signal lights with different wavelengths are obtained. The signal light is reflected by the optical fiber mirror 7, and the reflected signal light is combined along the original path and returned to the second port of the optical circulator 4, and is emitted from the third port of the optical circulator 4. It should be pointed out that the signal light passes through the optical modulator 6 again after being reflected, and only increases the modulation depth in low-speed amplitude modulation, and does not have too much influence on the signal waveform. After the signal light passes through the optical circulator 4, it is divided into the optical detector 9 by the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8, and the multiple optical signals with different wavelengths are finally converted into electrical signals, and the electrical signals generated by the original sensor are restored.

[0050] Embodiment 2

[0051] The embodiment provides a multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array, which comprises a multi-wavelength laser array 1, a first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, an optical amplifier 3, a second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, an optical modulator 6, a sensor 10, a fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer 11, a third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8 and an optical detector 9.

[0052] As shown in Figure 2 the output end of the multi-wavelength laser array 1 is connected with the combining input end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, the combining output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2 is connected with the input end of the optical amplifier 3, the output end of the optical amplifier 3 is connected with the dividing input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, the dividing output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 is connected with the optical modulator 6, the optical modulator 6 is connected with the combining input end of the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer 11, the combining output end of the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer 11 is connected with the dividing input end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8, and the dividing output end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8 is connected with the optical detector 9.

[0053] The multi-wavelength laser array 1 is composed of 8 single mode DFB laser units in 1*8 parallel matrix distribution with high density monolithic integration, and the laser units emit continuous wave light. Each laser unit is coupled into a silica-based optical waveguide through a lens, so that the optical passive device functions as a multiplexer / demultiplexer.

[0054] Here, the multiplexer / demultiplexer is taken as an example of an arrayed waveguide grating. The light of each channel is incident from the input port of the arrayed waveguide grating, and the light of all channels can be emitted from a single port after passing through the arrayed waveguide grating. The channel spacing of the laser units No. 1-8 is 100 GHz (corresponding to a wavelength of about 0.8 nm), and the lasing wavelengths are 1547.32 nm, 1548.12 nm, 1548.92 nm, 1549.72 nm, 1550.52 nm, 1551.72 nm, 1552.52 nm and 1553.33 nm, respectively. The operating wavelengths of each port in the arrayed waveguide grating correspond to one of the wavelengths.

[0055] The number of sensors 10, optical modulators 6 and optical detectors 9 is the same as the number of laser units in the multi-wavelength laser array 1. The optical amplifier 3 is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

[0056] In this embodiment, the wavelengths of the multi-wavelength laser array 1 meet the ITU-T standard. The wavelengths of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8 and the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer 11 meet the ITU-T standard. The physical quantity to be measured detected by the sensor 10 is sound pressure, temperature or displacement, and the sensor 10 is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a polyvinylidene fluoride sensor, an eddy current sensor, a Hall sensor or a thermocouple sensor.

[0057] The operation principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0058] The laser generated by the multi-wavelength laser array 1 is combined by the first multiplexer / demultiplexer 2, and the combined optical carrier is transmitted over a distance and then sent into the second multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, which separates the combined optical carrier into the original multiple optical carriers with different wavelengths. The separated optical carriers enter the optical modulator 6, and the multiple sensors 10 load the electrical signals obtained according to the changes of the measured physical quantities into the optical carriers with different wavelengths by the optical modulator 6, so that multiple signal lights with different wavelengths are obtained. The multiple signal lights are combined by the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer 11, and then separated by the third multiplexer / demultiplexer 8 to enter the optical detector 9. The multiple optical signals with different wavelengths are finally converted into electrical signals, and the electrical signals generated by the original sensors are restored.

[0059] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Any technical scheme falling within the concept of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for ordinary skilled in the art, some improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application shall be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array, characterized in that: The invention comprises a multi-wavelength laser array (1), a first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), a second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), an optical modulator (6), a sensor (10), a fiber optic reflector (7), a third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8) and an optical detector (9); The output end of the multi-wavelength laser array (1) is connected to the combined wave input end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), the combined wave output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2) is connected to the wave splitting input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), the wave splitting output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) is connected to the optical modulator (6) and the optical fiber reflector (7) in sequence, the reflecting end of the optical fiber reflector (7) is reconnected to the optical modulator (6), the optical modulator (6) is connected to the combined wave input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), the combined wave output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) is connected to the wave splitting input end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8), and the wave splitting output end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8) is connected to the optical detector (9); The laser light generated by the multi-wavelength laser array (1) is combined by a first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), and after being transmitted over a certain distance, is separated back into multiple optical carriers by a second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) and enters an optical modulator (6); the sensor (10) is connected to the optical modulator (6) and is used to convert the physical quantity to be measured into an electrical signal, which is then loaded into optical carriers of different wavelengths by the optical modulator (6) to obtain multiple signal lights of different wavelengths; The multi-path signal light is reflected by the optical fiber reflector (7) and enters the optical modulator (6), is combined by the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), is separated by the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8), and then enters the optical detector (9), which restores the electrical signal generated by the sensor (10).

2. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 1, characterized in that: An optical circulator (4) and an optical amplifier (3) are also provided; The input end of the optical amplifier (3) is connected to the combined output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2); the optical circulator (4) is provided with three ports, and the output end of the optical amplifier (3) is connected to the first port of the optical circulator (4); The second port of the optical circulator (4) is connected to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), and the third port is connected to the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8).

3. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-wavelength laser array (1) comprises a plurality of lasers, which are independent of each other or integrated on the same chip; a single laser is a distributed feedback laser or a distributed Bragg reflector; The number of the sensors (10), light modulators (6), light detectors (9) and fiber reflectors (7) is the same as the number of lasers in the multi-wavelength laser array (1).

4. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) and the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8) adopt arrayed waveguide gratings, fiber Bragg gratings or Mach-Zehnder interferometers; The optical amplifier (3) is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

5. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical modulator (6) is a semiconductor optical amplifier, an electroabsorption modulator or a Mach-Zehnder modulator; A Faraday rotator is provided between the optical modulator (6) and the optical fiber reflector (7), and the Faraday rotator is connected to the optical modulator (6) and the optical fiber reflector (7) respectively.

6. A multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array, characterized in that: The invention comprises a multi-wavelength laser array (1), a first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), a second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), an optical modulator (6), a sensor (10), a fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer (11), a third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8) and a light detector (9); The output end of the multi-wavelength laser array (1) is connected to the combined wave input end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), the combined wave output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2) is connected to the wave splitting input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), the wave splitting output end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) is connected to the optical modulator (6), the optical modulator (6) is connected to the combined wave input end of the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer (11), the combined wave output end of the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer (11) is connected to the wave splitting input end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8), and the wave splitting output end of the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8) is connected to the optical detector (9); The laser light generated by the multi-wavelength laser array (1) is combined by a first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), and after being transmitted over a certain distance, is separated back into multiple optical carriers by a second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) and enters an optical modulator (6); the sensor (10) is connected to the optical modulator (6) and is used to convert the physical quantity to be measured into an electrical signal, which is then loaded into optical carriers of different wavelengths by the optical modulator (6) to obtain multiple signal lights of different wavelengths; The multi-channel signal light is combined by the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer (11), separated by the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8), and then enters the optical detector (9), which restores the electrical signal generated by the sensor (10).

7. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 5, characterized in that: An optical amplifier (3) is also provided; The optical amplifier (3) is arranged between the first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2) and the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), the input end of the optical amplifier (3) is connected to the combined wave output end of the first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), and the output end of the optical amplifier (3) is connected to the divided wave input end of the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5).

8. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-wavelength laser array (1) comprises a plurality of lasers, which are independent of each other or integrated on the same chip; a single laser is a distributed feedback laser or a distributed Bragg reflector; The number of the sensors (10), light modulators (6) and light detectors (9) is the same as the number of lasers in the multi-wavelength laser array (1).

9. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first multiplexer / demultiplexer (2), the second multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), the third multiplexer / demultiplexer (8) and the fourth multiplexer / demultiplexer (11) adopt arrayed waveguide gratings, fiber Bragg gratings or Mach-Zehnder interferometers; The optical amplifier (3) is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

10. The multi-channel sensing communication optical transmission system based on a multi-wavelength laser array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The physical quantity to be measured detected by the sensor (10) is sound pressure, temperature or displacement; The sensor (10) is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a vinylidene fluoride sensor, an eddy current sensor, a Hall sensor or a thermocouple sensor.

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