Low-disturbance bottom mold transportation construction method and device

Abstract

The application provides a low-disturbance bottom mold transportation construction method and device, relates to the box girder manufacturing technical field, and comprises obtaining first information, second information, third information and fourth information; determining the side mold stripping time of the box girder based on the first information; constructing a coupling dynamics model of the box girder and the transportation track based on the second information; and correspondingly generating a low-disturbance bottom mold transportation construction scheme based on the third information and the coupling dynamics model. The application obtains information such as concrete material parameters, production line structure information, transportation working condition data and rubber pad layer parameters, comprehensively constructs a coupling dynamics model of the box girder and the transportation track, simulates stress disturbance under different transportation working conditions, further optimizes disturbance response based on the rubber pad layer parameters, finally generates optimal pad layer configuration and a construction scheme suitable for different transportation working conditions, effectively reduces disturbance to the bottom mold structure in the transportation process, and improves the box girder forming quality and transportation safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of box girder manufacturing technology, and more specifically, to a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the high-speed railway box girder prefabrication production line with separate workstations has become one of the mainstream production methods in prefabrication beam yards. However, the key technical challenge to be solved first when adopting separate workstation prefabrication is to improve the efficiency of workstation transfer and prevent problems such as cracking of the newly poured beam and deformation of the bottom formwork during the transfer and transportation of concrete box girders. In particular, improving efficiency is of paramount importance.

[0003] In existing technologies, there is a risk of deformation and cracking of the box girder during the transfer process. In particular, during the process of pushing the bottom formwork, adverse stress will be generated in the transported beam as acceleration occurs. The presence of adverse stress may lead to cracking of the newly poured box girder. In addition, the control precision of box girder transportation is not high, the earliest formwork removal time is uncertain, and the goal of the earliest transfer station cannot be achieved, which greatly reduces the efficiency of station transfer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method and apparatus to improve the above-mentioned problems. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method, including:

[0006] Acquire first information, second information, third information and fourth information, wherein the first information is the concrete material parameters for casting the box girder, the second information is the structural information of the box girder production line, the third information is the transportation condition data, and the fourth information is the parameter information of the rubber pad layer;

[0007] The time for dismantling the side formwork of the box girder is determined based on the first piece of information;

[0008] A coupled dynamic model of the box girder and the transport track is constructed based on the second information;

[0009] Based on the third information and the coupled dynamics model, the stress disturbance results under different transportation conditions were simulated.

[0010] Based on the fourth information, the stress disturbance results under different working conditions are optimized, the optimal target parameter information of the rubber pad layer under each transportation working condition is determined, and a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation construction plan is generated accordingly.

[0011] Secondly, this application also provides a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction device, comprising:

[0012] The bottom formwork is a box girder structure made of poured concrete;

[0013] Bottom formwork transport track, used to receive loads transmitted from the bottom formwork and provide a transport track for the bottom formwork;

[0014] A rubber pad layer, one side of which is fixedly connected to the bottom mold and the other side of which is fixedly connected to the bottom mold transport track. The rubber pad layer is an inflatable structure and its internal air pressure parameters are adjustable.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] This invention comprehensively constructs a coupled dynamic model of box girder and transport track by acquiring information such as concrete material parameters, production line structural information, transportation condition data, and rubber pad parameters. It also simulates stress disturbances under different transportation conditions, further optimizes the disturbance response based on rubber pad parameters, and finally generates the optimal pad configuration and construction scheme adapted to different transportation conditions. This effectively reduces the disturbance to the bottom formwork structure during transportation and improves the forming quality and transportation safety of the box girder.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing embodiments of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rubber pad layer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the two ends of the hydraulic cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a top view of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a left view of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Markings in the diagram: 1. Bottom mold; 2. Hydraulic crawler clamping seat; 3. Hydraulic crawler crawling track; 4. Longitudinal beam; 5. First limiting structure block; 6. Slide surface layer; 7. Slide support base plate; 8. Slide strip foundation; 9. Raft foundation; 10. Embedded parts; 11. Rubber pad layer; 12. Hydraulic crawler placement slot; 13. Slide fixing bolts; 14. Elastic support block; 15. Slide pad plate; 16. Support pillow block; 17. Limiting connection block; 18. Second limiting structure block; 19. Bottom mold tail sealing plate; 20. Hydraulic cylinder; 21. Pin shaft; 22. Front baffle; 23. Pressure injection cup; 24. Rear... 25. Baffle; 26. Front ear plate; 27. Compression spring; 28. Adjusting sleeve; 29. ​​Adjusting nut; 30. Anchoring nut; 100. Rear ear plate; 111. Bottom mold transport track; 112. Upper connecting plate; 113. Stainless steel plate; 114. Polytetrafluoroethylene plate; 115. Upper sealing plate; 116. Steel plate layer; 117. Rubber layer; 118. Limiting plate; 119. Inflatable layer; 1100. Inflation / deflating pipe; 1111. Lower connecting plate; 1111. Lower sealing plate; 1112. Lead core; 201. Base plate; 202. Wedge block; 203. Connecting ear plate; 204. Inner wall. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] This embodiment provides a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method.

[0030] See Figure 1The figure shows that the method includes steps S10, S20, S30, S40 and S50.

[0031] Step S10. Obtain first information, second information, third information and fourth information. The first information is the concrete material parameters for casting the box girder, the second information is the structural information of the box girder production line, the third information is the transportation condition data, and the fourth information is the parameter information of the rubber pad layer.

[0032] Specifically, the first piece of information reflects the material properties of the concrete used in the box girder casting, which is crucial for judging the development process of its structural strength. The second piece of information corresponds to the structural features of the box girder production line and the transportation system, determining the boundary conditions and dynamic response basis during transportation. The third piece of information records the actual working conditions during transportation, including dynamic elements such as speed, path, and load changes. The fourth piece of information provides the design parameters for the rubber padding layer used to buffer disturbances. Through the systematic collection of these data, the structural state and operating environment of the box girder transportation system can be comprehensively understood, providing complete input for subsequent analysis.

[0033] Step S20. Determine the side formwork removal time of the box girder based on the first information;

[0034] Specifically, based on a thorough understanding of the properties of concrete materials, combined with its early strength development patterns and construction specifications, the shortest time required for the box girder to reach a demolding-ready state can be scientifically assessed. This allows for a reasonable scheduling of the demolding process while ensuring structural safety, improving production efficiency and providing a guarantee for stability during subsequent transportation.

[0035] Step S30. Construct a coupled dynamic model of the box girder and the transport track based on the second information;

[0036] Specifically, a complete dynamic simulation model is constructed based on the interaction between the box girder, the self-propelled transport equipment, and the track system. This model can reflect the linkage response characteristics between structures during transportation, simulate stress propagation paths, and provide a basis for identifying disturbance-sensitive locations and structurally weak areas.

[0037] Step S40. Based on third-party information and coupled dynamics model, simulate the stress disturbance results under different transportation conditions;

[0038] Specifically, actual or pre-defined transportation condition data are input into the coupled dynamics model to conduct multi-scenario simulation calculations and analyze the disturbance response of the box girder bottom formwork under different speeds, paths, loads, and other factors. This process is equivalent to conducting a "virtual rehearsal" on historical traffic data to identify key stress peak points and affected areas under different conditions, providing a basis for the formulation of disturbance suppression strategies.

[0039] Step S50. Based on the fourth information, optimize the stress disturbance results under different working conditions, determine the optimal target parameter information of the rubber pad layer under each transportation working condition, and generate a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation construction plan accordingly.

[0040] Specifically, by combining the disturbance simulation results, the design parameters of the rubber pad layer are adjusted to optimize its ability to absorb transportation disturbances, thereby reducing the stress disturbance on the bottom formwork. Finally, based on different transportation scenarios, targeted rubber pad layer configuration and construction suggestions are provided to form a bottom formwork transportation solution with high matching degree and low disturbance.

[0041] It should be noted that step S20 specifically includes steps S21 to S24:

[0042] Step S21. Calculate the elastic modulus of concrete at different time points based on the first information, and calculate the cubic compressive strength based on the elastic modulus;

[0043] Specifically, based on the early strength development law of concrete, the early-age mechanical parameters are determined using formulas. Specifically, the elastic modulus of concrete at 12h, 24h, and 36h is calculated using these formulas. Taking 12h as an example (t=0.5d), the calculation formula is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] in, t represents the elastic modulus of concrete; t represents the age.

[0046] Substituting the calculated elastic modulus of concrete into the following formula, the cubic compressive strength of the concrete at 0.5 days of age can be calculated:

[0047]

[0048] in, The elastic modulus of concrete; This represents the compressive strength of a concrete cube.

[0049] Step S22. Calculate the axial compressive strength and axial tensile strength of concrete based on the cubic compressive strength;

[0050] Specifically, the axial compressive strength and axial tensile strength of concrete are calculated using the obtained concrete cube compressive strength. Similarly, the axial compressive strength and axial tensile strength are calculated at multiple time points such as 12h, 24h, and 36h to establish an early strength database for working condition simulation, providing input for subsequent finite element analysis.

[0051] Step S23. Based on the axial compressive strength and axial tensile strength, establish a static finite element model of the box girder that only considers the self-weight of the concrete, and perform demolding condition analysis to obtain demolding stress data and deformation data at different time points;

[0052] Specifically, based on the obtained axial compressive strength and axial tensile strength parameters, a static finite element model of a precast box girder considering only the self-weight of concrete is established to simulate the stress and deformation of concrete at different ages, such as 12h, 24h, and 36h. The impact of side formwork removal on the structure at different time points is analyzed, and the demolding stress data and deformation data corresponding to each time point are obtained.

[0053] Step S24. Based on the preset demolding stress and deformation conditions, determine the time point that meets the requirements as the demolding time of the box girder;

[0054] Specifically, the simulation results of side formwork removal are compared with the preset formwork removal safety control standards to determine whether the conditions such as stress not exceeding the allowable range of material strength and structural deformation not exceeding the control threshold are met. This determines the earliest time point that can meet the strength and stability requirements, which serves as the safe formwork removal time for the box girder and effectively guides the formwork removal time in actual production.

[0055] It should be noted that step S30 specifically includes steps S31 to S34:

[0056] Step S31. Perform parametric modeling based on the second information to obtain the geometric model of the box girder and the transport track;

[0057] Specifically, based on the second piece of information, namely the structural information of the box girder production line, parametric modeling is performed to obtain a three-dimensional geometric model that includes the structural dimensions, layout, and key connection parts of the box girder and transport track.

[0058] Step S32. Perform finite element mesh processing based on the geometric model to obtain the finite element mesh model of the box girder and the transport track;

[0059] Specifically, based on the above geometric model and the concrete material parameters in the first information, material properties are assigned to the box girder structure, and a reasonable mesh generation strategy is adopted to generate a finite element mesh model with structural continuity and mechanical representativeness.

[0060] Step S33. Based on the second information, define the basic support relationship and contact relationship between the box girder and the transport track, and construct the contact surface model;

[0061] Specifically, based on the third information, namely transportation condition data, the types of disturbances, loading methods and boundary conditions that may occur during transportation are identified. Combined with the rubber pad layer parameter information in the fourth information, a contact surface model reflecting the basic support relationship and nonlinear contact behavior between the box girder and the track is constructed.

[0062] Step S34. Based on the finite element mesh model and the contact surface model, establish a box girder-track coupling model between the box girder and the transport track;

[0063] Specifically, the finite element mesh model is coupled with the contact surface model to establish a complete box girder track coupling model, providing a theoretical basis and simulation platform support for subsequent transportation disturbance simulation analysis, structural response evaluation, and rubber pad performance optimization.

[0064] It should be noted that step S40 specifically includes steps S41 to S44:

[0065] Step S41. Based on the transport track parameters, perform track irregularity modeling on the coupled dynamics model to obtain the first response result of the irregular track to the stress disturbance of the box girder;

[0066] Specifically, based on the geometric parameters and structural characteristics of the transport track, track irregularity disturbances are applied as input to the coupled dynamic model of the box girder and track, constructing a modeling scenario that includes typical track defects such as elevation differences, misalignments, and wavy deformation. By introducing non-ideal track conditions into the model, the excitation effect caused by track irregularities during actual transportation is simulated, and then the dynamic response of the box girder structure to the irregular track is solved, obtaining the first stress disturbance response result of the box girder structure under the action of the irregular track. This response result can provide a key basis for evaluating the impact of track laying quality on the stability of box girder transportation, and also provide guidance for transportation route optimization and track maintenance.

[0067] Step S42. Based on the transportation speed parameters, perform speed change modeling on the coupled dynamics model to obtain the second response results of the box girder stress disturbance under different speed conditions;

[0068] Specifically, by incorporating different transport speed parameters into the established coupled dynamics model, the inertial response changes of the structure under acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration conditions during actual transport are simulated, and the second response results of stress disturbance in the box girder caused by speed changes are obtained. This process not only considers the influence of speed on excitation frequency and amplitude, but also involves the coupling effect between speed and structural stiffness and damping, which facilitates the analysis of resonance risk and local fatigue accumulation effects at different speeds, providing theoretical support for rationally controlling transport rhythm and determining safe speed limits.

[0069] Step S43. Based on the jack thrust parameters, perform jacking condition modeling on the coupled dynamics model to obtain the third response result of the box girder stress disturbance during the jacking stage;

[0070] Specifically, quasi-static or dynamic loading inputs are applied to the coupled dynamics model based on the jack thrust parameters to reproduce the relationship between the thrust loading path, thrust non-uniformity, and structural response during the jacking process. By constructing multi-point loading boundary conditions and simulating loading rate changes, a detailed model of the disturbances experienced by the box girder during the jacking stage is achieved, and the corresponding stress disturbance third response results are obtained. These results are of significant value in evaluating the impact of the jacking process on the overall integrity of the box girder structure and the stress limits of local components, and can also guide the optimization of jack thrust settings and synchronous control strategies.

[0071] Step S44. Combine the first response result, the second response result, and the third response result to obtain the stress disturbance results under different transportation conditions;

[0072] Specifically, by integrating the response results under the three typical disturbance conditions mentioned above, a unified multi-condition stress disturbance assessment system is constructed. By standardizing the stress response output format and comparing different behavioral characteristics such as peak stress, rate of change of stress, and principal stress direction, a unified assessment result of the box girder stress disturbance under different transportation conditions is formed. This comprehensive assessment not only facilitates the revelation of the superposition effect and sensitive coupling relationship of various disturbance factors during transportation, but also provides a scientific basis and quantitative reference for subsequent transportation route selection, rubber pad design, and structural reinforcement recommendations.

[0073] It should be noted that step S50 specifically includes steps S51 to S53:

[0074] Step S51. Based on the stress disturbance results and the fourth information, construct a multi-condition response analysis model for the rubber pad box girder track system, simulate the stress response process of the box girder under different combinations of rubber pad parameters, and obtain the fifth information, which is the stress disturbance result set corresponding to different rubber pad parameters under each transportation condition;

[0075] Specifically, combining the aforementioned stress disturbance results with the rubber pad material performance parameters such as elastic modulus, damping coefficient, thickness, and geometry included in the fourth information, a multi-condition response analysis model of the rubber pad-box girder-track is constructed. By embedding different rubber pad configurations into the coupled dynamics model, the mechanical buffering and vibration isolation effects of the pad under different working conditions such as track irregularities, speed variations, and jacking disturbances are simulated. The system evaluates the ability of each parameter combination to suppress stress disturbances in the box girder, thereby obtaining the corresponding stress response results. The final output of the fifth information is a set of stress disturbance response results corresponding to different pad parameter combinations under various transportation conditions, laying a data foundation for subsequent performance optimization.

[0076] Step S52. Perform multi-objective optimization processing on the fifth information to obtain the optimal combination of initial parameters of the rubber pad layer corresponding to the stress disturbance response under each transportation condition, which is used as the sixth information;

[0077] Specifically, based on the fifth piece of information, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of different combinations of rubber padding parameters under various transportation conditions. Optimization objectives typically include minimizing the maximum principal stress of the box girder, reducing the rate of change of stress gradient, and delaying fatigue accumulation, among other indicators. Building upon this, by traversing and weighing the multi-dimensional parameter space, the initial parameter combination of the padding layer that performs optimally in overall performance is selected, forming the sixth piece of information. This sixth piece of information represents the rubber padding layer design recommendation with the greatest engineering application value at the current simulation analysis stage.

[0078] Step S53. Based on the sixth information and the on-site working conditions, determine the optimal target parameter information of the rubber pad layer;

[0079] Specifically, by combining the initial optimal parameter combination of the rubber pad provided by the sixth information with the actual engineering site conditions such as transportation path, ambient temperature, and track status, further adaptive adjustments and verifications are made to ultimately determine the optimal target parameter information for the rubber pad that can be implemented in the field. This process not only considers the mechanical optimization results under the simulation model but also incorporates practical factors such as construction feasibility, material acquisition costs, and installation difficulty, ensuring that the selected parameter combination possesses both theoretical superiority and on-site operability and economy, thereby supporting the precise configuration and efficient vibration reduction of the rubber pad in the box girder transportation system.

[0080] It should be noted that step S52 specifically includes steps S521 to S524:

[0081] Step S521. Construct the objective function of the multi-objective optimization problem based on the fifth information to obtain the seventh information;

[0082] Specifically, the mapping relationship between the multiple sets of rubber pad parameters recorded in the fifth information and the corresponding stress disturbance results is formalized into a multi-objective optimization problem that can be solved numerically. By extracting key response indicators such as maximum principal stress, stress change rate, and response stability indicators under various working conditions, a multi-dimensional objective function is constructed to quantify the buffering effect of the rubber pad on transportation disturbances. Each objective function represents a performance optimization direction, and they are combined to form a multi-objective optimization problem. The output is the seventh information, namely, a clear expression of the objective function and its corresponding working conditions, providing a foundation for subsequent sensitivity analysis and optimization modeling.

[0083] Step S522. Based on the seventh and fourth information, perform sensitivity analysis to determine the key parameters of the rubber pad layer that affect the response results, and obtain the eighth information;

[0084] Specifically, based on the objective function constructed in the seventh information and all rubber pad parameters contained in the original fourth information, sensitivity analysis is performed in this step to identify key parameters that significantly affect changes in the objective function value. Analysis methods may include local sensitivity analysis such as the one-factor perturbation method and global sensitivity analysis such as the Sobol exponent method. By comparing the sensitivity of different parameter perturbations to the objective function response, a small number of parameters with the most significant impact on the system's mechanical performance are selected. The analysis results are output as the eighth information, which is the set of key design parameters in the rubber pad that have the greatest impact on the stress perturbation response. This helps to reduce the dimensionality of variables and improve computational efficiency in the optimized modeling.

[0085] Step S523. Perform optimization modeling based on the seventh and eighth information, define the optimization variable space and constraints, and obtain the ninth information. The ninth information is an expression of the optimization problem that includes the objective function, decision variables and constraints.

[0086] Specifically, by combining the objective function (information seven) and the key design parameters (information eight), a variable space and constraint system for the optimization model are constructed. The optimization variable space is configured with reasonable value ranges and step sizes based on the key parameters; constraints consider mechanical rationality, material feasibility, and manufacturing limitations, such as ensuring stress disturbances do not exceed structural safety limits and that the thickness of the cushion layer does not exceed the installation space. The resulting ninth information includes a complete definition of the optimization problem, covering the set of objective functions, optimization decision variables, parameter boundaries, and engineering constraint expressions, laying a theoretical model foundation for subsequent efficient solutions.

[0087] Step S524. Optimize the ninth piece of information to determine the design parameter combination that satisfies the stress disturbance conditions, which serves as the initial parameter combination. Specifically, using the ninth piece of information as input, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to solve for the parameter combination, obtaining a set of rubber pad design parameters that satisfy the stress disturbance optimization objectives under various transportation conditions. This process can be combined with Pareto front analysis to evaluate the multidimensional equilibrium of the solution set, and the optimal or most representative solution is selected as the "initial parameter combination." This combination, while satisfying the stress disturbance control objective, possesses good mechanical adaptability and design feasibility, making it the preferred option for subsequent parameter refinement and engineering testing.

[0088] Example 2:

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction device, the device comprising:

[0090] Bottom formwork 1 is a box girder structure made of cast concrete;

[0091] The bottom mold transport track 100 is used to receive the load transmitted from the bottom mold 1 and to provide a transport track for the bottom mold 1;

[0092] The rubber pad 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom mold 1 on one side and to the bottom mold transport track 100 on the other side. The rubber pad 11 is an inflatable structure and its internal air pressure parameters are adjustable.

[0093] Specifically, the bottom formwork 1 is a concrete-cast box girder structure, serving as the main load-bearing structure during transportation. A bottom formwork sealing plate 19 is installed at the rear of the bottom formwork 1 to seal the open end and ensure structural integrity. The bottom formwork transport track 100 provides a moving path for the bottom formwork 1. The rubber pad layer 11 acts as a shock-absorbing and buffering layer between the bottom formwork 1 and the bottom formwork transport track 100, reducing dynamic stress transmission. One side of the rubber pad layer 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom formwork 1, and the other side is fixedly connected to the bottom formwork transport track 100, forming an effective isolation and buffering interface. The rubber pad layer 11 is an inflatable structure with adjustable internal air pressure parameters, allowing adjustment of its stiffness and elasticity according to different transportation conditions. This effectively mitigates external disturbances experienced by the bottom formwork 1 during transportation and reduces stress disturbances caused by track irregularities, changes in transport speed, and other changes in operating conditions, thus ensuring the safe transportation of the bottom formwork 1.

[0094] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this application, three bottom mold transport tracks 100 are provided. Hydraulic crawler crawling tracks 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom mold transport track 100 located in the middle. The bottom mold transport tracks 100 located on both sides are provided with hydraulic crawler crawling tracks 3 on the side closer to the middle. They are arranged symmetrically with the center line of the bottom mold transport track 100 located in the middle as the axis of symmetry to ensure that the bottom mold 1 is subjected to balanced forces.

[0095] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the bottom formwork transport track 100 also includes a longitudinal beam 4, a first limiting structure block 5, a slide surface layer 6, a slide support base plate 7, a slide strip foundation 8, a raft foundation 9, embedded parts 10, a hydraulic crawler placement groove 12, a slide fixing bolt 13, an elastic support block 14, a slide pad 15, a support pillow block 16, a limiting connection block 17, and a second limiting structure block 18.

[0096] Specifically, the raft foundation 9, serving as the load-bearing foundation for the entire device, is first uniformly poured. Then, three sliding strip foundations 8 are installed on its surface as a platform for positioning and reinforcing the track. Embedded parts 10 are pre-embedded in the sliding strip foundations 8, with connecting plates at the upper ends of the embedded parts 10 protruding from the surface of the sliding strip foundation 8 for easy subsequent bolt connections. Support blocks 16 are spaced along the sliding strip foundations 8 to support the track structure, and hydraulic crawler placement slots 12 are reserved on them to accommodate the hydraulic crawler crawling track 3.

[0097] Within the hydraulic crawler placement slot 12, elastic support blocks 14 and slide pads 15 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The elastic support blocks 14 are made of highly elastic rubber or polyurethane material, possessing excellent shock absorption and buffering performance, effectively absorbing dynamic loads and vibrations during crawler operation and preventing structural damage. The slide pads 15 are positioned above the elastic support blocks 14, serving to distribute the load and enhance the contact stability between the crawler and the supporting structure.

[0098] The upper surface of the longitudinal beam 4 abuts against the rubber pad layer 11, and the lower surface of the longitudinal beam 4 is connected to the slide surface layer 6. On both sides of the slide surface layer 6, a first limiting structure block 5 and a second limiting structure block 18 are provided. The first limiting structure block 5 and the second limiting structure block 18 are fixed to the slide support base plate 7 by welding to prevent the slide surface layer 6 from shifting left and right.

[0099] On both sides of the slide support base plate 7, there are spaced limit connecting blocks 17 with an L-shaped structure. The limit connecting block 17 is a right-angled structure, with one side pressed tightly against the surface of the slide support base plate 7 and the other side stuck on the outer side of the slide support base plate 7.

[0100] The limiting connecting block 17, the slide pad 15, and the elastic support block 14 are all provided with through holes, and the embedded part connecting plate is provided with bolt holes. The slide fixing bolt 13 passes through the above-mentioned through holes and bolt holes to connect the limiting connecting block 17, the slide pad 15, the elastic support block 14, and the embedded part connecting plate, thereby completing the fixing of the bottom formwork transport track 100.

[0101] The rubber pad 11 includes an upper connecting plate 1101, a lower connecting plate 1110, and a multi-layer composite structure disposed between the two. The multi-layer composite structure is formed by alternating layers of rubber 1106 and steel plate 1105.

[0102] An embedded lead core 1112 is vertically arranged in the center of the rubber pad 11. An air layer 1108 is provided inside the rubber pad 11. The air pressure of the air layer 1108 is regulated by an air inflation pipe 1109.

[0103] The outer surface of the upper connecting plate 1101 abuts against the bottom mold 1, and the outer surface of the lower connecting plate 1110 abuts against the bottom mold transport track 100.

[0104] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the upper connecting plate 1101 and the lower connecting plate 1110 of the rubber pad layer 11 are fixed to the bottom mold 1 and the bottom mold transport track 100, respectively. The outer surface of the upper connecting plate 1101 abuts against the bottom mold 1, and the outer surface of the lower connecting plate 1110 abuts against the bottom mold transport track 100.

[0105] The alternating layers of rubber 1106 and steel plate 1105 effectively absorb and disperse dynamic stress during transportation. The rubber layer 1106 provides flexibility and can absorb and dampen impacts, while the steel plate layer 1105 enhances the load-bearing capacity and stability of the structure and prevents the rubber layer from undergoing excessive deformation or damage under high load conditions.

[0106] The embedded lead core 1112 is vertically arranged in the center of the rubber pad 11 to increase the mass and damping characteristics of the pad, thereby further enhancing the absorption capacity of high frequency vibration. The lead core 1112 can effectively increase the weight of the rubber pad 11, so that it has a better buffering effect on the dynamic disturbance of the bottom mold 1 during transportation.

[0107] The air-filled layer 1108 inside the rubber pad 11 has its air pressure regulated via an inflation / deflation pipe 1109. The air pressure of the air-filled layer 1108 can be adjusted according to different transportation conditions to change the elasticity and stiffness of the rubber pad 11. This design allows for dynamic adjustment of the performance of the rubber pad 11 under different transportation conditions, thereby better adapting to the influence of factors such as track irregularities and changes in transportation speed, and achieving optimal shock absorption and cushioning effects.

[0108] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the rubber pad layer 11 also includes a stainless steel plate 1102, a polytetrafluoroethylene plate 1103, an upper sealing plate 1104, a limiting plate 1107, and a lower sealing plate 1111.

[0109] Stainless steel plates 1102 are respectively positioned below the upper connecting plate 1101 and above the lower connecting plate 1110. These are smooth stainless steel plates, and their function is to provide a low-friction, corrosion-resistant contact surface. They are used in conjunction with the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate 1103 to form a sliding interface, which helps reduce friction and improve structural adaptability when the bottom mold 1 is displaced or subjected to stress. The upper sealing plate 1104 and the lower sealing plate 1111 are positioned on the side of the PTFE plate 1103 away from the stainless steel plate 1102, sealing the area of ​​the inflatable layer 1108 and the lead core 1112 to prevent impurities from entering or internal gas from leaking.

[0110] Limiting plates 1107: These are fixed to the stainless steel plate 1102 on the side away from the upper connecting plate 1101 and the lower connecting plate 1110, respectively, and are located on the outside or edge of the structure. Their main function is to limit the horizontal or vertical displacement range of the rubber pad 11 during compression or deformation, prevent structural instability, excessive compression or damage, and ensure that the resilience performance of the pad is not affected.

[0111] In summary, this rubber pad 11 design integrates multiple technical means and, through the combination of multiple devices, effectively improves the stability and safety of the bottom mold 1 during transportation.

[0112] The device also includes a hydraulic crawler track 3, a hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2, and a hydraulic cylinder 20, which are installed on the side of the bottom mold transport track 100.

[0113] The hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 includes a wedge 202 disposed inside the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2. The wedge 202 is used to slide and clamp or release the hydraulic crawler crawling track 3 under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 20, so as to realize the self-locking or release of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 relative to the hydraulic crawler crawling track 3.

[0114] Specifically, the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 is equipped with a sliding wedge 202 inside. The wedge is clamped or released under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 20. When the hydraulic cylinder 20 extends, the wedge 202 clamps the hydraulic crawler's crawling track 3, forming a self-locking state and providing a reaction force, effectively preventing the crawler from slipping during the pushing process. When the hydraulic cylinder 20 retracts, the wedge 202 releases the hydraulic crawler's crawling track 3 and slides in the same direction as the hydraulic cylinder 20, realizing the adjustment of the crawler's position. The outer cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is fixedly connected to the clamping seat 2, and its piston rod front end is connected to the bottom mold 1 through a pin, which can stably push the bottom mold 1 forward to the designated position during the pushing process, ensuring the continuity, reliability and safety of transportation.

[0115] like Figure 4 As shown, the device also includes a pin 21, a front baffle 22, an oil injection cup 23, a rear baffle 24, a front ear plate 25, and a rear ear plate 30.

[0116] The front baffle 22 and the rear baffle 24 are respectively disposed on the front and rear sides of the wedge block 202 and are fixedly connected to the wedge block 202;

[0117] The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is connected to the front ear plate 25 via a pin 21, and the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is connected to the bottom mold 1 via a pin 21. The rear ear plate 30 is located on the outside of the rear baffle 24.

[0118] The oil cup 23 is located on the top of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 and is used to lubricate the contact surface between the wedge block 202 and the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2.

[0119] Specifically, the front baffle 22 and the rear baffle 24 are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the wedge 202 and are fixedly connected to it. The front baffle 22 and the rear baffle 24 hook onto the lower flange of the hydraulic crawler's crawling track 3, providing stable support for the crawler and limiting the position of the wedge 202 and transmitting clamping force. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is hinged to the front ear plate 25 through the pin 21, and the piston rod end is also connected to the bottom mold sealing plate 19 on the bottom mold 1 through the pin to realize the pushing function. The rear ear plate 30 is located on the outside of the rear baffle 24. The pressure injection cup 23 is located on the top of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 and is used to inject lubricating oil into the contact surface between the wedge 202 and the clamping seat 2 to reduce frictional resistance and improve the flexibility and stability of the clamping and releasing process.

[0120] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the device also includes a compression spring 26, an adjusting sleeve 27, an adjusting nut 28, and an anchoring nut 29.

[0121] The wedge 202 is located inside the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2. It clamps the crawling track using the spring force of the compression spring 26, ensuring the crawler does not slip when pushing the bottom mold. The clamping force automatically increases with the increase of the hydraulic pushing force. The adjusting sleeve 27 is used to adjust the position and angle of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 in the structure. It loosely engages with the adjusting nut 28 and is connected to the rear ear plate 30 via threads. In use, by loosening the anchoring nut 29 and then tightening the adjusting sleeve 27, the compression spring 26 presses the wedge 202 forward, creating an initial clamping force between the hydraulic crawler crawling track 3 and the wedge 202. When the hydraulic cylinder 20 connected to the bottom mold 1 is raised, the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 further enhances the clamping force and pushes the bottom mold 1 forward; when the cylinder 20 retracts, the wedge 202 is released, the compression spring 26 is further compressed, and the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 moves forward as a whole, thus allowing the bottom mold 1 to move forward intermittently and stably in a cyclical operation. This structure does not require an additional reaction frame; the reaction force required for pushing can be directly borne by a section of the hydraulic crawler crawling track 3 near the bottom mold 1, and has the advantages of compact structure, reliable self-locking, and flexible installation.

[0122] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the hydraulic crawler clamping seat 2 also includes a base plate 201, a connecting ear plate 203, and an inner wall 204; the wedge block 202 slides along the inclined surface of the inner wall 204 under the action of the compression spring 26 to achieve effective clamping of the track, and the clamping force can automatically increase with the pushing force to ensure stable and reliable operation of the device; the base plate 201 is located at the bottom of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat and plays a supporting and connecting role; the connecting ear plate 203 is used to connect with the hydraulic cylinder 20 to realize the pushing action.

[0123] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0124] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method, characterized in that, include: Acquire first information, second information, third information and fourth information, wherein the first information is the concrete material parameters for casting the box girder, the second information is the structural information of the box girder production line, the third information is the transportation condition data, and the fourth information is the parameter information of the rubber pad layer; The time for dismantling the side formwork of the box girder is determined based on the first piece of information; A coupled dynamic model of the box girder and the transport track is constructed based on the second information; Based on the third information and the coupled dynamics model, the stress disturbance results under different transportation conditions were simulated. Based on the fourth information, the stress disturbance results under different working conditions are optimized, the optimal target parameter information of the rubber pad layer under each transportation working condition is determined, and a low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation construction plan is generated accordingly. The process of determining the formwork removal time for the box girder based on the first information includes: Based on the first information, the elastic modulus of concrete at different time points is calculated, and the cubic compressive strength is calculated based on the elastic modulus. The axial compressive strength and axial tensile strength of the concrete are calculated based on the cubic compressive strength. Based on the axial compressive strength and axial tensile strength, a static finite element model of the box girder considering only the self-weight of concrete was established, and the demolding condition analysis was carried out to obtain the demolding stress data and deformation data at different time points. Based on the preset demolding stress and deformation conditions, the time point that meets the requirements is determined as the demolding time of the box girder.

2. The low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that... Based on the second information, a coupled dynamic model of the box girder and the transport track is constructed, including: Based on the second information, parametric modeling is performed to obtain the geometric model of the box girder and the transport track; Finite element mesh models of the box girder and transport track are obtained by performing finite element mesh processing based on the geometric model. Based on the second information, the basic support relationship and contact relationship between the box girder and the transport track are defined, and a contact surface model is constructed. Based on the finite element mesh model and the contact surface model, a box girder-track coupling dynamic model is established between the box girder and the transport track.

3. The low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that... The simulation results show stress disturbances under different transportation conditions, where the condition data includes transportation track parameters, transportation speed parameters, and jack thrust parameters, including: Based on the transport track parameters, the coupled dynamics model is processed to model track irregularities, and the first response results of the irregular track to the stress disturbance of the box girder are obtained. Based on the transport speed parameters, the coupled dynamics model is modeled for speed variation to obtain the second response results of the box girder stress disturbance under different speed conditions. The coupled dynamics model was modeled based on the jacking force parameters to obtain the third response result of the box girder stress disturbance during the jacking stage. By combining the results of the first response, the second response, and the third response, stress disturbance results under different transportation conditions are obtained.

4. The low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determine the optimal target parameters for the rubber padding layer under each transportation condition, including: Based on the stress disturbance results and the fourth information, a multi-condition response analysis model of the rubber pad box girder track system is constructed to simulate the stress response process of the box girder under different combinations of rubber pad parameters, and to obtain the fifth information, which is the set of stress disturbance results corresponding to different rubber pad parameters under each transportation condition. The fifth piece of information is subjected to multi-objective optimization processing to obtain the optimal combination of initial parameters of the rubber pad layer corresponding to the stress disturbance response under each transportation condition, which is used as the sixth piece of information. Based on the sixth piece of information and the on-site working conditions, the optimal target parameter information for the rubber pad layer is determined.

5. The low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that... The optimal combination of initial parameters for the rubber pad layer corresponding to the stress disturbance response under various transportation conditions is obtained, including: Based on the fifth piece of information, the objective function of the multi-objective optimization problem is constructed, and the seventh piece of information is obtained; Sensitivity analysis was performed based on the seventh and fourth information to determine the key parameters of the rubber pad layer that affect the response results, thus obtaining the eighth information. Based on the seventh and eighth information, optimization modeling is performed to define the optimization variable space and constraints, resulting in the ninth information, which is an expression of the optimization problem including the objective function, decision variables, and constraints. The ninth piece of information is optimized to determine the design parameter combination that satisfies the stress disturbance condition, which is then used as the initial parameter combination.

6. A low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction device, used to implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The device includes: The bottom formwork (1) is a box girder structure made of concrete. Bottom mold transport track (100) is used to receive the load transmitted from the bottom mold (1) and to provide a transport track for the bottom mold (1); A rubber pad (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom mold (1) on one side and to the bottom mold transport track (100) on the other side. The rubber pad (11) is an inflatable structure and its internal air pressure parameters are adjustable. The rubber pad layer (11) includes an upper connecting plate (1101), a lower connecting plate (1110), and a multi-layer composite structure disposed between the two. The multi-layer composite structure is formed by alternating layers of rubber (1106) and steel plate (1105). An embedded lead core (1112) is vertically arranged in the center of the rubber pad (11), and an air-filled layer (1108) is provided inside the rubber pad (11). The air pressure of the air-filled layer (1108) is regulated by an air-filling and air-deflating pipe (1109). The outer surface of the upper connecting plate (1101) abuts against the bottom mold (1), and the outer surface of the lower connecting plate (1110) abuts against the bottom mold transport track (100).

7. The low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device also includes a hydraulic crawler crawling track (3), a hydraulic crawler clamping seat (2), and a hydraulic cylinder (20) disposed on the side of the bottom mold transport track (100). The hydraulic crawler clamping seat (2) includes a wedge (202) disposed inside the hydraulic crawler clamping seat (2). The wedge (202) is used to slide and clamp or release the hydraulic crawler crawling track (3) under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder (20), thereby realizing the self-locking or release of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat (2) relative to the hydraulic crawler crawling track (3).

8. The low-disturbance bottom formwork transportation and construction device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The device also includes a pin (21), a front baffle (22), an oil injection cup (23), a rear baffle (24), a front ear plate (25), and a rear ear plate (30); The front baffle (22) and the rear baffle (24) are respectively disposed on the front and rear sides of the wedge (202) and are fixedly connected to the wedge (202); The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder (20) is connected to the front ear plate (25) via a pin (21), and the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder (20) is connected to the bottom mold (1) via a pin (21). The rear ear plate (30) is located on the outside of the rear baffle (24). The oil injection cup (23) is located on the top of the hydraulic crawler clamping seat (2) and is used to lubricate the contact surface between the wedge (202) and the hydraulic crawler clamping seat (2).

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