Comprehensive ecological restoration method and system for power transmission line slash in loess hilly area in northwest of Shanxi

Abstract

The invention relates to a comprehensive ecological restoration method and system for a power transmission line slash in a loess hilly area in northwest Shanxi. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of fragmentation, extensive management and disjunction of acceptance inspection of the ecological restoration technology of the power transmission line slash in the loess hilly area in the northwest of Shanxi. According to the technical scheme, a five-module three-cycle framework is adopted for implementation, the five-module three-cycle framework comprises an ecological diagnosis module, a scheme generation module, an intelligent implementation module, a dynamic regulation and control module and an acceptance assessment module, and three cycles comprise a data cycle, a technical cycle and a management cycle. The system is strong in systematicness, integrates technologies in multiple aspects of soil, vegetation, engineering and monitoring, forms a'biology-engineering-intelligence 'three-in-one remediation system, and solves the problem of technology fragmentation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, and particularly relates to a comprehensive ecological restoration method and system for power transmission line trace land in loess hilly areas in northwest Shanxi. BACKGROUND

[0002] The loess hilly areas in northwest Shanxi belong to an extremely fragile ecological region, and the power transmission line trace land faces technical bottlenecks such as soil desertification (sand content > 65%), 40-60% reduction in seed bank density, and 5-8 years of natural vegetation restoration period. The existing restoration technology has three defects:

[0003] Technical fragmentation: soil improvement and vegetation reconstruction lack coordination, resulting in a seeding survival rate < 30%;

[0004] Extensive management: experience-dependent adjustments cannot respond to extreme weather such as drought / rainstorms;

[0005] Disconnection of acceptance: the restoration effect and water conservation acceptance indicators lack dynamic correspondence, often resulting in "reconstruction and light management" leading to failure to pass acceptance. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above technical problems and provide a comprehensive ecological restoration method and system for power transmission line trace land in loess hilly areas in northwest Shanxi.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0008] A comprehensive ecological restoration method for power transmission line trace land in loess hilly areas in northwest Shanxi is implemented using a five-module three-cycle architecture. The five modules include the following steps:

[0009] Step 1) Ecological diagnosis module: Collect soil factors, vegetation factors, topographic factors, and disturbance factors. Calculate the comprehensive ecological damage level by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The V-level damage standard is an erosion modulus > 800 t / km 2 ·a and vegetation coverage < 10%, the IV-level damage standard is an erosion modulus of 600-800 t / km 2 ·a and vegetation coverage 10%-20%;

[0010] Step 2) Scheme generation module: match the restoration technology according to the diagnosis results:

[0011] Add 2-3% biochar when the soil field moisture content is < 20%;

[0012] Supplement 30% of native species seeds to areas with a seed bank vigor index < 0.3;

[0013] Use "pioneer grass species + native shrubs + nitrogen-fixing plants" vegetation configuration;

[0014] The engineering measure density increases by 15% for every 5° increase in slope;

[0015] Step 3) Intelligent Implementation Module:

[0016] Unmanned aerial vehicle laser radar (point cloud density ≥ 50 points / m 2 ) and mechanical arm cooperate to transform micro-topography;

[0017] The unmanned aerial vehicle carries a seeding device to realize terrain adaptive seeding, with a seeding error of less than 5%;

[0018] Variable irrigation system based on soil moisture sensor, water saving rate ≥ 30%;

[0019] Step 4) Dynamic Control Module:

[0020] Unmanned aerial vehicle inspection every week during the growing season, sensor data collected every 30 minutes;

[0021] Emergency water replenishment is started for 15 consecutive days without precipitation, and the blocking measure is pre-started when 24-hour precipitation forecast is greater than 50mm;

[0022] Step 5) Acceptance Evaluation Module: Interface with water and soil conservation acceptance standards, monitor vegetation coverage, soil erosion modulus, water and soil conservation measure integrity (≥ 90%) and data integrity (≥ 95%);

[0023] The three cycles include:

[0024] Data cycle: The output of the ecological diagnosis module is used as the input of the dynamic control module, and the feedback data of the dynamic control module updates the index weight of the ecological diagnosis module;

[0025] Technical cycle: The scheme generation module generates technical parameters to guide the intelligent implementation module, and the running data of the intelligent implementation module is fed back to the scheme generation module to optimize the parameters. When the weight update in the data cycle triggers, the technical cycle adjusts the seeding parameters synchronously;

[0026] Management cycle: The adjustment instructions of the dynamic control module are input into the acceptance evaluation module, and the results of the acceptance evaluation module are fed back to the dynamic control module to correct the management strategy.

[0027] Further, the soil factors in step 1) include bulk density, organic matter content and particle size composition; the vegetation factors include existing vegetation coverage, species diversity index and soil seed bank density; the topographic factors include slope, slope length and erosion ditch density; the disturbance factors include construction disturbance intensity and human activity frequency.

[0028] Further, the engineering measures in step 2) are as follows:

[0029] The region with a slope of 15-25° is built with horizontal steps with a width of 1.2m±0.1m and a spacing of 3m±0.5m, and the slope stability is monitored in real time by starting the unmanned aerial vehicle laser radar synchronously, and the construction is automatically paused when the displacement change rate is >2mm / h;

[0030] The region with a slope of >25° is provided with fish scale pits with a diameter of 1m±0.2m and a density of 5 / 100m 2 ;

[0031] The native shrubs include at least one of caragana, and Hippophae.

[0032] Further, the dynamic regulation module in the data cycle triggers the weight update of the ecological diagnosis module according to the following conditions:

[0033] The vegetation restoration rate is <3% / month for two consecutive times;

[0034] The soil erosion control rate decreases by more than 15%.

[0035] Further, in the technical cycle, the scheme generation module optimizes the way of technical parameters in the following manner:

[0036] When the intelligent implementation module feedbacks that the seeding error is >8%, the positioning accuracy of the unmanned aerial vehicle is improved to the centimeter level;

[0037] When the engineering measure density deviation is >10%, the coefficient of the slope-density correlation formula is automatically corrected.

[0038] Further, in the management cycle, the acceptance evaluation module corrects the dynamic regulation module in the following manner:

[0039] If the water and soil conservation measure integrity rate is <85%, the engineering measure inspection frequency is increased to twice a week;

[0040] If the soil erosion modulus is >500t / km 2 ·a, forced start of the supplementary seeding program.

[0041] A comprehensive ecological restoration system for power transmission line trace land in the loess hilly area of northwest Shanxi, comprising:

[0042] An ecological diagnosis unit: a multi-source data acquisition terminal and a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process algorithm library, used for outputting an ecological damage level;

[0043] A scheme generation unit: a built-in technology matching rule engine, which dynamically generates soil improvement, seed reconstruction and engineering measure parameters according to the damage level;

[0044] An intelligent implementation unit:

[0045] An unmanned aerial vehicle-mechanical arm cooperative operation subsystem, used for micro-topography modification;

[0046] Terrain adaptive seeding system, equipped with seeding quantity error compensation algorithm;

[0047] Variable irrigation control subsystem, connected to soil moisture sensor network;

[0048] Dynamic regulation unit: real-time data stream processing engine, with drought / rainstorm response protocol;

[0049] Acceptance evaluation unit: water and soil conservation acceptance index comparison database;

[0050] Each unit is connected through a three-cycle interface:

[0051] Data cycle interface: bidirectional data channel between ecological diagnosis unit and dynamic regulation unit, using MQTT protocol to transmit soil moisture data of dynamic regulation unit to ecological diagnosis unit, with transmission delay <200ms;

[0052] Technical cycle interface: bidirectional control bus between scheme generation unit and intelligent implementation unit;

[0053] Management cycle interface: strategy feedback link between dynamic regulation unit and acceptance evaluation unit, using blockchain to store verification data.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0055] 1. The present application adopts a five-module three-cycle architecture, which is systematic: integrates soil, vegetation, engineering, and monitoring technologies to form a "biological-engineering-intelligent" trinity repair system, solving the problem of technical fragmentation;

[0056] 2. The present application has high precision: based on multi-source data ecological diagnosis, the repair scheme is highly matched with the site characteristics, and the vegetation survival rate is increased by more than 40%;

[0057] 3. The present application has good adaptability: the dynamic regulation module can cope with the variable climate in northwest Shanxi, the vegetation survival rate is increased by 25% in drought period, and the soil and water loss is reduced by 30% in rainstorm period;

[0058] 4. The present application has strong operability: the technical parameters of each module are clear, the intelligent equipment is matched to reduce human error, and it is suitable for engineering promotion;

[0059] 5. The present application has strong acceptance guarantee: dynamically connected with water conservation acceptance index, ensuring that the repair effect meets the standard, and the acceptance pass rate is increased to more than 90%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 The structural diagram of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] This example is based on a 220kV transmission line site in northwest Shanxi (length 50km, area 120hm2) 2 ) as an example, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG, a comprehensive ecological restoration method for transmission line traces in the loess hilly region of northwest Shanxi Province is implemented using a five-module three-loop architecture. The five modules include the following steps:

[0063] Step 1) Ecological Diagnosis Module (Month 1): Remote sensing interpretation showed that the average vegetation cover of the site was 12%, and the soil exposure rate was 65%. Field surveys found that the organic matter content of the 0-20 cm soil layer was 0.8%, the sand content was 68%, and the seed bank density was 120 grains / m 2 The sensor monitored an average soil moisture content of 9.5% and an erosion modulus of 650t / km. 2 a;

[0064] The comprehensive assessment is level IV damage, and the key limiting factors are: poor soil water retention, low seed bank vitality, and severe soil and water erosion.

[0065] Step 2) Solution Generation Module (Month 2): Matching repair technologies based on diagnostic results:

[0066] Soil improvement: Apply 3t / hm² humus + 2% biochar (based on soil volume);

[0067] Seed bank reconstruction: Select native seeds (60%) and supplement with Caragana korshinskii (20%) and Astragalus astragali (20%), soak the seeds with 150mg / L gibberellin; vegetation configuration: Herbaceous layer (Artemisia ordosica, Isochrysis chinensis) with a sowing rate of 18kg / hm2 2 , shrub layer (Caragana korshinskii) planting 1800 plants / hm 2 Engineering measures: Horizontal steps (1.2m wide, 3m apart) were built in the 15-25° area. UAV laser radar was used to monitor slope stability in real time. Construction was automatically suspended when the displacement change rate was greater than 2mm / h. Fish scale pits (1m in diameter, 5 / 100m) were laid in the area greater than 25°. 2 ).

[0068] Seed bank vitality index formula: vitality index = (seed germination rate × 0.6) + (seed integrity × 0.4);

[0069] Slope-project density correlation formula: Density = reference value × e^(0.03 × slope).

[0070] Step 3) Smart Implementation Module (Months 3-4):

[0071] UAV LiDAR (point cloud density ≥ 50 points / m 2) Collaborate with mechanical arm to reconstruct micro-topography;

[0072] The unmanned aerial vehicle carries a seeding device to realize terrain adaptive seeding, with a seeding error of less than 5%;

[0073] Variable irrigation system based on soil moisture sensor, water saving rate ≥ 30%;

[0074] Micro-topography reconstruction: mechanical arm construction according to design parameters, horizontal step elevation error controlled within ±8cm; Seed sowing: unmanned aerial vehicle zoning and segmentation seeding, 20% increase in drought-resistant seed proportion in sunny slope area; Irrigation system deployment: soil moisture sensors are arranged according to 50m×50m grid, connected with drip irrigation pipe network.

[0075] Step 4) Dynamic control module (5-12 months):

[0076] Unmanned aerial vehicle inspection every week during growing season, sensor data collected every 30 minutes;

[0077] Emergency water replenishment started for 15 consecutive days without precipitation, pre-start blocking measures when 24-hour precipitation forecast is more than 50mm;

[0078] In June, it was found that the vegetation coverage in the slope area above 25° was only 25% (lower than the target value), and 5kg / hm of Hedysarum mongolicum was supplemented 2 ; In August, a heavy rain (daily precipitation 65mm) occurred, and the system started to block straw bundles in advance, so that the erosion modulus in this area was controlled at 480t / km 2 ·a; In October, the evaluation showed that the average vegetation coverage reached 62%, an increase of 50 percentage points from the initial value.

[0079] Step 5) Acceptance evaluation module (18 months): interface with water and soil conservation acceptance specifications, monitor vegetation coverage, soil erosion modulus, soil conservation measure integrity (≥90%) and data integrity (≥95%);

[0080] Monitoring indicators: vegetation coverage 78%, erosion modulus 420t / km 2 ·a, soil organic matter content 1.1%; comprehensive compliance rate 92%, meeting the acceptance requirements, issuing an acceptance report.

[0081] Table 1 List of experimental data

[0082] Indicator Conventional method The invention Lifting amplitude Validation conditions Test time Vegetation survival rate 28% 78% 178% Slope 25° area, dry period 90 days after sowing Erosion modulus 720 t / km2 420 t / km2 -41.6% Monitoring 72 hours after the storm 72 h after the storm

[0083] Test basis: "Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Technical Specification" (GB / T 50485-2009)

[0084] The three cycles include:

[0085] Data cycle: the output of the ecological diagnosis module as the input of the dynamic regulation module, the feedback data of the dynamic regulation module updates the index weight of the ecological diagnosis module, and the dynamic regulation module triggers the weight update of the ecological diagnosis module according to the following conditions:

[0086] The vegetation recovery rate is monitored for two consecutive times, and the vegetation recovery rate is less than 3% per month;

[0087] The soil erosion control rate decreases by more than 15%.

[0088] Technology cycle: the scheme generation module generates technical parameter guidance intelligent implementation module, and the running data of the intelligent implementation module is fed back to the scheme generation module to optimize the parameters; the scheme generation module optimizes the technical parameters in the following ways:

[0089] When the intelligent implementation module feedback seeding error is greater than 8%, the positioning accuracy of the unmanned aerial vehicle is improved to centimeter level;

[0090] When the engineering measure density deviation is greater than 10%, the coefficient of the slope-density correlation formula is automatically corrected.

[0091] Management cycle: the adjustment instruction of the dynamic regulation module is input into the acceptance evaluation module, and the result of the acceptance evaluation module is fed back to the dynamic regulation module to correct the management strategy; the correction of the acceptance evaluation module to the dynamic regulation module includes:

[0092] If the water and soil conservation measure integrity rate is less than 85%, increase the engineering measure inspection frequency to twice a week;

[0093] If the soil erosion modulus is greater than 500 t / km 2 ·a, forced start of the supplementary seeding program.

[0094] A comprehensive ecological restoration system for power transmission line trace land in the loess hilly area of northwest Shanxi, comprising:

[0095] Ecological diagnosis unit: multi-source data acquisition terminal and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process algorithm library, used for outputting ecological damage grade;

[0096] Scheme generation unit: built-in technical matching rule engine, dynamically generates soil improvement, seed reconstruction and engineering measure parameters according to damage grade;

[0097] Intelligent implementation unit:

[0098] Unmanned aerial vehicle-robot arm cooperative operation subsystem for micro-topography modification;

[0099] Topographic adaptive seeding subsystem, carrying seeding error compensation algorithm;

[0100] Variable irrigation control subsystem, connected with soil moisture sensor network;

[0101] Dynamic regulation unit: real-time data stream processing engine, built-in drought / rainstorm response protocol;

[0102] Acceptance evaluation unit: water and soil conservation acceptance index comparison database;

[0103] Each unit is connected through a three-cycle interface:

[0104] Data cycle interface: bidirectional data channel between ecological diagnosis unit and dynamic regulation unit, using MQTT protocol to transmit soil moisture data of dynamic regulation unit to ecological diagnosis unit, transmission delay <200ms;

[0105] Technical cycle interface: bidirectional control bus between scheme generation unit and intelligent implementation unit;

[0106] Management cycle interface: strategy feedback link between dynamic regulation unit and acceptance evaluation unit, using blockchain to store verification data.

[0107] The above embodiments only describe the preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

[0108] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principles of the present application, but the present application is not limited thereto.

Claims

1. A comprehensive ecological restoration method for power transmission line trace land in the loess hilly region of northwest China, characterized by, The five modules are implemented by adopting a three-cycle framework, and the five modules include the following steps: Step 1) ecological diagnosis module: collect soil factors, vegetation factors, topographic factors and disturbance factors, and calculate the comprehensive ecological damage grade by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, wherein the V-grade damage standard is erosion modulus > 800 t / km 2 ·a and vegetation coverage < 10%, the IV-grade damage standard is erosion modulus 600-800 t / km²·a and vegetation coverage 10%-20%; Step 2) A scheme generation module: according to the diagnostic results, the repair technology is matched: When the soil field water capacity is less than 20%, add 2-3% biochar; For the seed bank vitality index <0.3 area, supplement 30% native species seeds; Adopting "pioneer grass species + native shrubs + nitrogen-fixing plants" vegetation configuration; The engineering measure density increases by 15% for every 5° increase in slope; Step 3) An intelligent implementation module: UAV laser radar (point cloud density ≥ 50 points / m 2 ) and mechanical arm cooperative micro-topography reconstruction; The unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with a seeding device to realize terrain adaptive seeding, and the seeding error is less than 5%; The variable irrigation system based on the soil moisture sensor, the water saving rate is ≥30%; Step 4) A dynamic regulation module: The unmanned aerial vehicle is inspected every week during the growing season, and the sensor collects data every 30 minutes; Emergency water supplement is started for 15 consecutive days without rainfall, and the blocking measure is pre-started when the 24-hour rainfall forecast is greater than 50mm; Step 5) An acceptance evaluation module: interface with the soil and water conservation acceptance specification, monitor the vegetation coverage, soil erosion modulus, soil and water conservation measure integrity (≥90%) and data integrity (≥95%); The three cycles include: Data cycle: the output of the ecological diagnosis module is used as the input of the dynamic regulation module, and the feedback data of the dynamic regulation module updates the index weight of the ecological diagnosis module; Technical cycle: the scheme generation module generates technical parameters to guide the intelligent implementation module, and the running data of the intelligent implementation module is fed back to the scheme generation module to optimize the parameters, and when the weight update in the data cycle is triggered, the seeding parameters are adjusted synchronously in the technical cycle; Management cycle: the adjustment instruction of the dynamic regulation module is input into the acceptance evaluation module, and the result of the acceptance evaluation module is fed back to the dynamic regulation module to correct the management strategy.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The soil factors in step 1) include bulk density, organic matter content and particle size composition; the vegetation factors include existing vegetation coverage, species diversity index and soil seed bank density; the terrain factors include slope, slope length and erosion ditch density; the interference factors include construction disturbance intensity and human activity frequency.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The engineering measures in step 2) are as follows: For the area with a slope of 15-25°, build a horizontal step with a width of 1.2m±0.1m and a spacing of 3m±0.5m, and simultaneously start the unmanned aerial vehicle laser radar to monitor the slope stability in real time, and automatically pause the construction when the displacement change rate is greater than 2mm / h; For the area with a slope greater than 25°, lay fish scale pits with a diameter of 1m±0.2m and a density of 5 per 100m²; The native shrubs include at least one of caragana, hippophae and the like.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In the data cycle, the dynamic regulation module triggers the weight update of the ecological diagnosis module according to the following conditions: The vegetation restoration rate is less than 3% per month for two consecutive times; The water and soil loss control rate decreases by more than 15%.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, In the technical cycle, the scheme generation module optimizes the technical parameters in the following ways: When the intelligent implementation module feedbacks that the seeding error is greater than 8%, increase the positioning accuracy of the unmanned aerial vehicle to centimeter level; When the engineering measure density deviation is greater than 10%, automatically correct the coefficient of the slope-density correlation formula.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, In the management cycle, the correction of the dynamic regulation module by the acceptance evaluation module includes: If the soil and water conservation measure integrity is less than 85%, increase the engineering measure inspection frequency to twice a week; If soil erosion modulus > 500 t / km 2 • a, force the initiation of the supplemental seeding program.

7. A comprehensive ecological remediation system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-6, characterized by Comprise: Ecological diagnosis unit: multi-source data acquisition terminal and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process algorithm library, used to output ecological damage level; Program generation unit: built-in technology matching rule engine, dynamically generates soil improvement, seed reconstruction and engineering measure parameters according to damage level; Intelligent implementation unit: Unmanned aerial vehicle-mechanical arm cooperative operation subsystem for micro-topography reconstruction; Topography adaptive seeding subsystem with seeding error compensation algorithm; Variable irrigation control subsystem connected with soil moisture sensor network; Dynamic regulation and control unit: real-time data stream processing engine with built-in drought / rainstorm response protocol; Acceptance evaluation unit: water and soil conservation acceptance index comparison database; Each unit is connected through three-cycle interface: Data cycle interface: two-way data channel between ecological diagnosis unit and dynamic regulation and control unit, soil moisture data of dynamic regulation and control unit is transmitted to ecological diagnosis unit by MQTT protocol, transmission delay < 200ms; Technology cycle interface: two-way control bus between program generation unit and intelligent implementation unit; Management cycle interface: strategy feedback link between dynamic regulation and control unit and acceptance evaluation unit, using blockchain to store and verify data.

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