Computing and processing system and method for image quality enhancement for airborne dynamic imaging

Abstract

The invention discloses an airborne dynamic imaging-oriented image quality enhancement calculation processing system and a method thereof, and relates to the technical field of calculation optics. The system comprises an illumination module, a collimation module, a confocal module, a beam splitting module, an angle selection filtering module and an imaging module. The angle selection filtering module changes the incident angle of a light beam through physical movement or rotation, so that the angle selection filtering module excites a Berman mode in a near-zero dielectric constant double-layer film, and real-time switching between normal incidence low-pass denoising and oblique incidence high-pass sharpening is achieved. According to the invention, switching of two typical image processing functions can be realized only through incident angle adjustment without introducing an electrical regulation and control element, so that sharpening and denoising function integration is realized in a single optical structure, and the system has millisecond-level angle switching, low power consumption and a compact linear folded optical path, and is suitable for airborne high-speed imaging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of computational optics, and more specifically, to a computational processing system and method for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging. Background Art

[0002] Image processing technology, as a crucial means of information acquisition and recognition, plays a vital role in aerospace applications such as airborne remote sensing, target tracking, situational awareness, and autonomous flight. In complex and ever-changing airborne dynamic imaging scenarios, high-speed moving platforms and rapidly changing imaging targets can lead to image blurring, increased noise, and loss of detail, thereby reducing the ability to acquire target information and improving recognition accuracy. Image preprocessing significantly impacts image clarity, target recognizability, and the accuracy of subsequent decisions. In particular, image sharpening (i.e., edge extraction) and denoising have become key steps in improving the quality of dynamic images and the efficiency of information extraction. Traditional methods typically rely on electronic chips or digital algorithms to achieve image processing functions through convolution, Fourier transform, and filtering. However, traditional image processing methods primarily depend on electronic devices (such as computers), which have limited computing speed, high power consumption, and processing latency, making it difficult to meet the dual requirements of real-time performance and response speed in airborne tasks involving high-speed movement and sudden target changes. In recent years, image processing methods based on optical analog computing have attracted widespread attention due to their significant speed advantage. Optical computing is approximately six orders of magnitude faster than electronic computing, effectively addressing the aforementioned problems. This method can directly process optical signals, achieving fast parallel computation with almost no energy consumption. Traditional optical analog image processing methods mostly employ Fourier transform structures based on 4f systems, which use spatial filters to enhance image edges or perform frequency domain filtering. However, these systems are bulky and difficult to integrate with most instruments. With the development of nanophotonics technologies, such as metasurfaces, multilayer thin films, and photonic crystals, 4f systems can be replaced to achieve direct image processing, thus significantly reducing the overall system length.

[0003] While current technologies have made some progress in optical image processing, several significant shortcomings remain. First, current optical image processors based on nanophotonic structures, such as metasurfaces, multilayer films, and photonic crystals, typically have limited functionality, often only capable of performing specific operations like sharpening or edge enhancement. They lack multifunctional integration capabilities and struggle to meet complex and ever-changing image processing demands. Second, most of these devices are static structures, with their optical response and processing capabilities fixed during the design phase. They lack dynamic adjustment capabilities and cannot adaptively adjust to variations in image quality or noise levels in different application scenarios, severely limiting their practicality and flexibility. Furthermore, no purely optical system currently achieves efficient image denoising; most solutions still rely on subsequent electronic computation for image noise reduction. This not only increases system latency but also contradicts the initial goals of optical computing in terms of speed and energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a computational processing system and method for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging, which can solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems. The specific solution is as follows: A computational processing system for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging includes: Illumination module, collimation module, confocal module, beam splitter module, angle selection filter module, imaging module; The lighting module is used to provide a light beam; The collimation module is used to expand the beam into a collimated beam; The confocal module is used to transmit the initial image of the object to the angle selection filter module; The beam splitting module is used to split the light beam into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam; The angle selection filtering module is used to control the angle of incidence of the beam and uses the Berreman mode for filtering, thereby realizing the functions of image denoising or sharpening. The imaging module is used to receive the filtered image and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; The initial image is transmitted to the angle selection filtering module through the confocal module. The angle selection filtering module selects the filtering method according to the incident angle of the beam. After filtering, the imaging module receives the image with enhanced image quality.

[0005] Furthermore, the angle of the controlled beam incident angle is divided into a first angle range and a second angle range; The angle is the first angle range, which triggers the Berreman mode to exhibit low-pass filtering characteristics, thereby achieving noise reduction processing of the image. The angle is the second angle range, which triggers the Berreman mode to exhibit high-pass filtering characteristics, thereby achieving image sharpening. The angle of incidence corresponding to the first angle interval is smaller than the angle of incidence corresponding to the second angle interval.

[0006] Furthermore, the angle is in a normal incidence state, and the first angle interval satisfies the condition: NA=0; The angle is an oblique incidence state, and the condition satisfied by the second angle interval is: Where NA represents numerical aperture.

[0007] Furthermore, the angle selection filtering module is a dual-layer thin film structure, including a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer and a non-transparent metal substrate layer, wherein the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is disposed on the incident beam side of the metal substrate layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal substrate layer satisfies the following conditions: the metal substrate layer is a metal material with a real part of dielectric constant less than -20, and the thickness of the metal substrate layer is greater than 500 nm.

[0009] Furthermore, the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer satisfies the condition that its thickness is 0.002-0.05Ā; where Ā represents the average wavelength of the lighting module.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle used to control the incident angle of the beam includes: changing the incident angle of the beam by physically moving or rotating the angle selection filter module.

[0011] Furthermore, the imaging module includes an imaging lens and a detector, wherein the detector is a high-speed CMOS camera or an InGaAs array.

[0012] The present invention also provides a computational processing method for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging, the computational processing method comprising: Acquire an initial image from the object being imaged; By changing the incident angle of the beam, the Berreman mode is excited, and the filtering characteristics based on the optical transfer function of the Berreman mode are controlled for filtering. Output the filtered image.

[0013] Furthermore, the method of changing the angle of incidence of the light beam includes: The angle is the first angle range of the normal incident state, and the low-pass filtering characteristics are generated by stimulating the Berreman mode for image noise reduction processing. The angle is the second angle range of the oblique incidence state, and the high-pass filtering characteristics are generated by stimulating the Berreman mode for image sharpening processing.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the above-described solutions of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention discloses a computational processing system and method for image quality enhancement for airborne dynamic imaging. By using an angle-selective filtering module, the Berreman mode angle selectivity of a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is utilized. By switching the incident angle of only two thin films, two opposing functions of low-pass noise reduction and high-pass sharpening can be achieved.

[0015] 2. The present invention discloses a computational processing system and method for image quality enhancement for airborne dynamic imaging. Angle control is achieved through an angle selection filtering module. High-speed, low-energy optical simulation computational processing of image information is achieved without electrodes, leads, static current, or electronic calculations.

[0016] 3. The present invention discloses a computational processing system and method for image quality enhancement for airborne dynamic imaging. Through a single-layer near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer and a linear folded optical path, the system is compact and does not require a large space. Furthermore, it integrates sharpening and noise reduction functions in a single optical structure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a computational processing system for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the concept of optical simulation sharpening and denoising of a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer in a computational processing system for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the dispersion curves of near-zero dielectric constant thin films of different thicknesses in a computational processing system for image enhancement of airborne dynamic imaging provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the angle-reflection amplitude distribution curve in the near-infrared band when the thickness of a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is 0.1 μm in a computational processing system for image quality enhancement of airborne dynamic imaging provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The reference numerals in the figures include: 1. Laser source; 2. Beam expander; 3. Imaging object; 4. First lens; 5. Semi-reflective lens; 6. Objective lens; 7. Imaging lens; 8. Angle selection filter module; 9. High-speed CMOS camera. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this disclosure, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0020] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or device that includes that element.

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 Detailed description of optional embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] This invention provides a computational processing system for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging, comprising: an illumination module, a collimation module, a confocal module, a beam splitting module, an angle selection filtering module, and an imaging module.

[0023] The system comprises: an illumination module for providing an illumination beam; a collimation module for expanding the beam into a collimated beam; a confocal module for transmitting the initial image of the imaging object 3 to the angle selection filtering module; a beam splitting module for splitting the beam into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam; an angle selection filtering module 8 for controlling the incident angle of the beam and using the Berreman mode for filtering, thereby achieving image denoising or sharpening; and an imaging module for receiving the filtered image and converting the optical signal into an electrical signal. In this embodiment, the confocal module includes a first lens 4 and an objective lens 6, which act as a telescope, transmitting the image on the front focal plane of the first lens 4 to the rear focal plane of the objective lens 6, and then to the angle selection filtering module 8. The imaging module includes an imaging lens 7 and a high-speed CMOS camera 9.

[0024] like Figure 1As shown in the embodiment of the invention, the illumination module is a laser source 1. The collimation module is a beam expander 2. The embodiment of the invention also includes an imaging object 3 for providing initial image information to be processed. The confocal module includes a first lens 4 and an objective lens 6. The beam splitting module is a semi-reflective mirror 5. The angle selection filter module 8 is a double-layer thin-film structure, including a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer and a metal substrate layer. The incident angle is adjusted by rotating the angle selection filter module 8 with a high-precision motor or changing the position of the angle selection filter module 8, thereby changing the angle at which the beam is focused onto the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer, i.e., the NA value.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, the laser beam emitted by the laser source 1 is expanded by the beam expander 2 to form a collimated beam, which is then incident on the imaging object 3, thereby generating an image light field carrying initial image information. The image light field is received by the first lens 4, and the beam transformed by the first lens 4 is split by the semi-reflective lens 5. The beam transmitted through the semi-reflective lens 5 is then transmitted to the objective lens 6.

[0026] The split beam enters objective lens 6, where it is focused and then incident on angle selection filter module 8. A high-precision motor drives angle selection filter module 8 for precise displacement or rotation, allowing for accurate adjustment of the angle at which the focused beam enters the module for filtering. The reflected beam, filtered and modulated by angle selection filter module 8, returns along its original path, is received by objective lens 6, and then re-incidentally enters semi-reflective mirror 5. After being reflected by semi-reflective mirror 5, it enters imaging lens 7. Imaging lens 7 transmits the received filtered beam to high-speed CMOS camera 9 for detection, and high-speed CMOS camera 9 converts the optical signal into an electrical signal for output.

[0027] According to the scalar diffraction theory of Fourier optics, when an object with a specific shape, namely the imaging object 3 in this embodiment of the invention, is irradiated by a plane wave, its incident image light field... This can be represented in Fourier space as: .

[0028] in, and These represent the spatial frequencies along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively, and can also represent the directions of p-polarized light and s-polarized light, respectively; x and y represent the directions of p-polarized light and s-polarized light, respectively. represents the Fourier form of the electric field of a light wave; i represents an imaginary number.

[0029] For ease of calculation, spatial frequency can be represented by numerical aperture NA: ; Where k0 represents the wave vector of the incident light; This represents the wave vector of p-polarized or s-polarized light. In this embodiment of the invention, only p-polarized light, i.e., light polarized along the x-axis, is used.

[0030] If a spatial modulator with incident angle dependence is placed at the far-field position of the image object 3, different frequency components in the Fourier space can be filtered and modulated. In this embodiment of the invention, the angle selection filtering module 8 is the spatial modulator. The modulated Fourier space image light field... , is represented as: .

[0031] in, Represents the optical transfer function (OTF); This represents the electric field of the Fourier space optical wave before modulation.

[0032] Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the physical process based on angle modulation can be regarded as a linear time-invariant system, and the OTF is the impulse response of this system. The image object 3 illuminated by the beam typically contains rich information content from low frequency to high frequency in the frequency domain (Fourier space). During image processing, for different processing targets, OTFs with high-pass or low-pass characteristics need to be introduced respectively, and such transfer functions usually exhibit dependence on the incident angle. The technical solution of this embodiment of the invention introduces the Green's function method, which can realize fast and accurate optical simulation calculations without Fourier transform, and directly model and simulate the propagation behavior of the beam on the planar optical structure.

[0033] This invention provides a preferred solution where the angle of the angle selection filtering module 8 includes a first angle range and a second angle range; When the angle is in the first angle range, the Berreman mode is activated to exhibit low-pass filtering characteristics, thereby achieving noise reduction of the image. When the angle is in the second angle range, the Berreman mode is activated to exhibit high-pass filtering characteristics, thereby achieving image sharpening. The angle of incidence corresponding to the first angle interval is smaller than the angle of incidence corresponding to the second angle interval.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, the Berreman mode is activated, and the angle of the angle selection filtering module 8 is in the first angle range, i.e., normal incidence, to achieve noise reduction. The angle of the angle selection filtering module 8 is in the second angle range, i.e., oblique incidence, to achieve edge sharpening. Essentially, this is because the Berreman mode has already been implemented; the normal incidence and oblique incidence states each have two different optical transfer functions (OTF), thus activating the Berreman mode but achieving different functions: noise reduction and sharpening.

[0035] This invention provides a preferred embodiment where the incident angle of the angle selection filter module 8 is within a first angle range: normal incident state, i.e., NA=0. =0.

[0036] in, This indicates the incident angle of the angle selection filter module 8. Meeting this range enables low-pass noise reduction.

[0037] The incident angle of the angle selection filter module 8 is in the second angle interval: oblique incidence state, the numerical aperture NA satisfies .Right now arcsin , Meeting this range enables oblique incidence high-pass sharpening.

[0038] This invention provides a preferred embodiment where the angle-selective filtering module 8 is a double-layer thin-film structure, a non-local film layer structure. According to Green's function theory, changing the angle of the angle-selective filtering module 8 manipulates the initial image information. The angle-selective filtering module 8 includes a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer and a metal substrate layer. The near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is disposed on the incident beam side of the metal substrate layer. The near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is the core functional layer for achieving angle-selective filtering. Its optical characteristic is that its dielectric constant is close to zero at a specific wavelength, which is the physical basis for the Berreman mode effect. The near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is located on the top layer of the double-layer structure and is the layer that the light beam first contacts and passes through. This invention provides a preferred embodiment where the material of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is indium tin oxide (ITO), and the metal layer is gold (Au). The non-transparent metal substrate layer reflects almost all the light that penetrates the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer back, forming a Fabry-Perot cavity interference effect. By confining the light beam to reflect back and forth within a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer, the interaction intensity between the light and the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer material is greatly enhanced, thereby stimulating the Berreman mode effect and making the angle-selective filtering module 8 strong enough for practical filtering.

[0039] This invention provides a preferred embodiment where the metal substrate layer meets the following condition: the thickness of the metal substrate layer is greater than 500 nm. The dielectric constant of the metal substrate layer includes a real part and an imaginary part. In this embodiment, the metal substrate layer is a metallic material with a real part of the dielectric constant less than -20. That is, the metal substrate layer is to be a near-perfect conductor. According to the Drude model, materials such as gold and silver have extremely high reflectivity in the wavelength range of 1.15–1.19 μm, and can therefore be used as the metal substrate layer in this embodiment. λ represents the wavelength of the light beam from the illumination module.

[0040] An embodiment of the present invention provides a preferred solution in which the thickness of the metal substrate layer is greater than 500 nm.

[0041] This invention provides a preferred embodiment where the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) and the metal layer is made of gold (Au). The thickness of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer satisfies: d = 0.002-0.05Ā. Here, Ā represents the average wavelength of the illumination module, i.e., the average wavelength of the laser light source 1; d represents the thickness of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer, and in this embodiment, Ā is 1.17 μm.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of optical simulation sharpening and denoising based on an angle-selective filtering module. The upper layer is a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer, and the lower layer is a metal substrate layer, demonstrating the two functions of image edge extraction and denoising achieved through the near-zero dielectric constant thin film structure. The near-zero dielectric constant (ENZ) thin film material controlled by the Berreman mode exhibits angle dependence. When an ENZ material with subwavelength thickness is deposited on the surface of a metal substrate layer with an ideal electrical conductor (PEC), it can exhibit significant angle-dependent reflection characteristics over a wide spectral range, and the reflectivity is significantly reduced at specific incident angles. Furthermore, this phenomenon is controlled by the thickness of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer; different thicknesses correspond to different angle response characteristics. Figure 2 b represents the dispersion curve under p-polarized light conditions in the Berreman model. The X-axis represents NA, the Y-axis represents the normalized wavelength, and the Z-axis represents the intensity. Figure 2 In section b, the two operating points NA=0 and NA=0.55 are highlighted. The optical response at different NA values ​​corresponds to two different OTF values. At low NA, it is normal incidence, stimulating the Berreman mode. The complex permittivity of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film material is close to zero, resulting in destructive absorption and a sharp drop in reflection, forming a low-pass filter for image smoothing and noise reduction. At high NA, it is oblique incidence, stimulating the Berreman mode. The metal substrate layer's reflection is dominant, high frequencies are preserved, achieving high-pass filtering and sharpening image edges. Therefore, the computational processing system provided in this embodiment can achieve different image processing functions by controlling the thin film parameters of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer.

[0043] The technical solution of this invention uses fixed physical structure optical parameters and variable incident condition angle / NA to control the excitation of Berreman mode, thereby dynamically switching the filtering performance OTF.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the dispersion curves of a near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer based on the Berreman model are displayed. Figure 3 As shown in Figure a, with the increase of the thickness of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer, the low-reflection region gradually shifts towards the direction of the smaller numerical aperture NA. Figure 3For TM mode a, the dispersion relation of a near-zero dielectric constant thin film under p-polarized light conditions is expressed as: ; in, , and denoted by , respectively, the dielectric constants of the air layer, the near-zero dielectric thin film layer, and the metal substrate layer; d represents the thickness of the near-zero dielectric thin film layer deposited on the metal substrate layer. The wave vector of the air layer; The wave vector represents a thin film with near-zero dielectric constant; The wave vector represents the metal substrate; i represents the imaginary number. represents the frequency of light waves; c represents the speed of light.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, =1, =0.1+0.1i, According to the Drude model, it can be represented as follows: ; in, The plasma frequency is represented as 1.366593 × 10⁻⁶. 16 ; This represents the collision frequency, which is 4.071504 × 10⁻⁶. 13 .

[0046] Figure 3 Figures b, 3c, and 3d show the dispersion curves of the amplitude and intensity of p-polarized light as a function of NA (angle) for near-zero dielectric constant thin film layers with thicknesses of 0.05Ā, 0.008Ā, and 0.002Ā, respectively. These figures illustrate the angle-dependent transfer function curves under three different near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer thicknesses. The X-axis represents NA, the Y-axis represents the normalized wavelength, and the Z-axis represents the intensity. Here, Ā represents the average wavelength of laser source 1. Figure 3 b represents the variation of the amplitude intensity of p-polarized light with numerical aperture (NA) under the condition of a relatively thick near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer. Because the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is thicker, the excitation of the Berreman mode is less pronounced than in the case of a thinner layer, resulting in minimal reflectivity variation over a wider NA range. Figure 3 c represents the variation of the amplitude intensity of p-polarized light with numerical aperture (NA) under the condition of a medium-thickness, near-zero dielectric constant thin film. Compared to 0.05Ā, a 0.008Ā film may more effectively excite the Berreman mode, thus exhibiting a more pronounced reflectivity change at a specific NA value. Figure 3d represents the thinnest near-zero dielectric film layer, exhibiting the strongest Berreman mode excitation effect. The response of the near-zero dielectric film layer to p-polarized light varies with the incident angle NA at different thicknesses. The thickness of the near-zero dielectric film layer is one of the key parameters for controlling its optical properties, directly affecting the excitation of the Berreman mode and the shape of the optical transfer function. By adjusting the thickness of the near-zero dielectric film layer, the reflection, transmission, and absorption characteristics of light can be precisely controlled, enabling a real-time switching technique for normal incidence low-pass denoising and oblique incidence high-pass sharpening.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, indium tin oxide (ITO) is selected as the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer for simulation calculations. ITO belongs to transparent conductive oxide (TCO), and its optical properties are similar to those of metals, which can be characterized using the Drude model of doped semiconductors. In this embodiment of the invention, the dielectric constant expression of the near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer is: ; in, This indicates the high-frequency dielectric constant, which is 3.5. The free carrier damping coefficient is represented by . ; , represents the wave vector; c represents the speed of light.

[0048] like Figure 4 Figure a shows the angle-reflection amplitude distribution curves of a 0.1 μm thick ITO near-zero dielectric constant thin film in the near-infrared band, with an incident wavelength range of 1.15–1.19 μm. The X-axis represents the near-field resonance (NA), the Y-axis represents the normalized wavelength, and the Z-axis represents the intensity. Within this wavelength range, high NA systems exhibit significant resonance phenomena, i.e., angular response characteristics. Figure 4 Figure b shows the image processing effects of sharpening and denoising under two different incident angles. With an incident wavelength of 1.17µm, two numerical apertures (NAs) were selected, corresponding to the OTFs: normal incidence NA = 0 and oblique incidence NA = 0.91. The normal incidence condition was used for image denoising, and the corresponding simulation results are shown below. Figure 4 As shown in Figure b, the scattered noise in the processed image is effectively suppressed, resulting in a smoother image. The tilted incident condition is used to perform image sharpening, and the corresponding simulation results are shown below. Figure 4 As shown in Figure b, the edges of the white bands are clearer and the details are enhanced in the processed image. Therefore, Figure 4This study verifies that by adjusting the incident angle NA, both noise reduction (low-pass) and sharpening (high-pass) image enhancement functions can be achieved within the same optical structure, demonstrating the versatility and practicality of the angle-selective filtering module. The technical solution provided in this invention exhibits significant effects in both noise reduction and sharpening, effectively suppressing background noise and enhancing image edge details.

[0049] This invention also provides a computational processing method for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging, the method comprising: Acquire an initial image from object 3; By changing the incident angle of the beam, the Berreman mode is excited, and the filtering characteristics of the optical transfer function based on the Berreman mode are controlled for filtering. Output the filtered image.

[0050] By adjusting the incident angle of the beam, including: The angle is the first angle range of the normal incident state, and the low-pass filtering characteristics are generated by stimulating the Berreman mode for image noise reduction processing. The angle is the second angle range of the oblique incidence state, and the high-pass filtering characteristics are generated by stimulating the Berreman mode for image sharpening processing.

[0051] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following significant advantages compared to traditional methods: Utilizing the angle selectivity of ENZ materials in the Berreman mode, both high-pass and low-pass optical transfer functions can be achieved in the same system using only a single-layer near-zero dielectric film, combining edge enhancement and noise removal functions. This overcomes the limitations of traditional nanophotonic structures, which require multiple devices to achieve multiple functions. The computational processing method provided by this invention directly completes image processing in the optical domain, avoiding the high latency and high energy consumption of traditional electronic computing. Optical simulation is significantly faster than electronic computing, enabling near-real-time processing in some application scenarios. Modeling and simulation of actual ITO materials verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the technical solution in near-infrared imaging. It possesses advantages such as simple structure, high integration, low energy consumption, and strong adaptability, providing a new solution for high-speed optical processing in aerospace, autonomous driving, and marine engineering fields, and opening up new directions for the development of optical simulation technology.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems or apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A computational processing system for image quality enhancement in airborne dynamic imaging, characterized in that, include: Illumination module, collimation module, confocal module, beam splitter module, angle selection filter module, imaging module; The lighting module is used to provide a light beam; The collimation module is used to expand the beam into a collimated beam; The confocal module is used to transmit the initial image of the object to the angle selection filter module; The beam splitting module is used to split the light beam into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam; The angle selection filtering module is used to control the angle of incidence of the beam and uses the Berreman mode for filtering, thereby realizing the functions of image denoising or sharpening. The imaging module is used to receive the filtered image and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; The initial image is transmitted to the angle selection filtering module through the confocal module. The angle selection filtering module selects the filtering method according to the incident angle of the beam. After filtering, the imaging module receives the image with enhanced image quality.

2. The computing processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The incident angle of the beam includes: a first angle range and a second angle range; The angle is the first angle range, which triggers the Berreman mode to exhibit low-pass filtering characteristics, thereby achieving noise reduction processing of the image. The angle is the second angle range, which triggers the Berreman mode to exhibit high-pass filtering characteristics, thereby achieving image sharpening. The angle of incidence corresponding to the first angle interval is smaller than the angle of incidence corresponding to the second angle interval.

3. The computing processing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle is the normal incidence state, and the condition satisfied by the first angle interval is: NA=0; The angle is an oblique incidence state, and the condition satisfied by the second angle interval is: Where NA represents numerical aperture.

4. The computing processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle-selective filtering module has a dual-layer thin-film structure, including a near-zero dielectric constant thin-film layer and a non-transparent metal substrate layer. The near-zero dielectric constant thin-film layer is disposed on the incident beam side of the metal substrate layer.

5. The computing processing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The conditions that the metal substrate layer meets are: the metal substrate layer is a metal material with a real part of dielectric constant less than -20, and the thickness of the metal substrate layer is greater than 500 nm.

6. The computing processing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The near-zero dielectric constant thin film layer satisfies the condition that its thickness is 0.002-0.05Ā; where Ā represents the average wavelength of the lighting module.

7. The computing processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Angles used to control the incident angle of a light beam include: changing the incident angle of the light beam by physically moving or rotating the angle selection filter module.

8. The computing processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The imaging module includes an imaging lens and a detector, wherein the detector is a high-speed CMOS camera or an InGaAs array.

9. A computational processing method for image quality enhancement of airborne dynamic imaging based on the computational processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The calculation processing method includes: Acquire an initial image from the object being imaged; By changing the incident angle of the beam, the Berreman mode is excited, and the filtering characteristics based on the optical transfer function of the Berreman mode are controlled for filtering. Output the filtered image.

10. The computational processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method of changing the angle of incidence of the light beam includes: The angle is the first angle range of the normal incident state, and the low-pass filtering characteristics are generated by stimulating the Berreman mode for image noise reduction processing. The angle is the second angle range of the oblique incidence state, and the high-pass filtering characteristics are generated by stimulating the Berreman mode for image sharpening processing.

Images