Single-aperture all-movable truncated paraboloid radio telescope and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a single-aperture all-movable truncated paraboloid radio telescope and a design method thereof, and can be applied to the technical field of radio telescopes. The single-aperture all-movable truncated paraboloid radio telescope comprises a first reflector, the reflecting surface of the first reflector is a truncated paraboloid, the geometric center of the reflecting surface coincides with the geometric center of a parent paraboloid, and the aperture surface of the reflecting surface is rectangular. The safety of the radio telescope can be improved under the condition of the same receiving area, and meanwhile, the surface shape error of the reflecting surface is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of radio telescope technology, specifically to a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] Most existing large-scale (aperture ≥ 50m) single-aperture fully steerable radio telescopes with long-term reliable operation have primary reflector apertures of around 70m. However, cases of constructing and maintaining long-term stable operation of 100-meter-class single-aperture fully steerable radio telescopes are extremely rare. Due to the massive and complex structure of these telescopes, designing 100-meter-class or even larger single-aperture fully steerable radio telescopes using traditional structural forms results in a high center of gravity, increasing the likelihood of tipping or collapsing under environmental loads and posing significant safety risks. Furthermore, the large-aperture telescope's reflector edge deforms considerably due to gravity, leading to increased overall surface shape error. This surface shape error determines the telescope's antenna efficiency and shortest operating wavelength (or highest operating frequency), generally requiring a surface shape error of 1 / 15 to 1 / 20 of the operating wavelength. Therefore, the high surface shape error of large-aperture telescopes hinders improvements in their antenna efficiency and high-frequency operating capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, this application provides a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope and its design method for improving the safety of radio telescopes.

[0004] According to a first aspect of this application, a single-aperture fully steerable truncated parabolic radio telescope is provided, comprising:

[0005] The first reflector has a truncated parabolic surface as its reflecting surface. The geometric center of the reflecting surface coincides with the geometric center of the parent parabolic surface of the reflecting surface. The aperture of the reflecting surface is rectangular.

[0006] According to an embodiment of this application, the first reflector includes a plurality of adjacently spliced ​​reflector units.

[0007] According to an embodiment of this application, the number of reflector units is an odd number greater than or equal to 3.

[0008] According to an embodiment of this application, a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope includes multiple array units, the number of array units being equal to the number of reflector units, each array unit having a reflector unit, all reflector units having the same orientation, and all reflector units being arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction to form a first reflector.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this application, it further includes a first annular track, with each array unit movably connected to the first annular track, so that each array unit rotates about a vertical line passing through the geometric center of the reflective surface.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this application, the focal diameter ratio of the first reflector is calculated by multiplying the focal length of the second reflector, which has the same receiving area, by a first proportionality coefficient. The reflecting surface of the second reflector is a paraboloid of revolution. The first proportionality coefficient is calculated by the ratio of the length of the widest part of the aperture surface of the first reflector to the square of the diameter of the aperture surface of the second reflector.

[0011] According to an embodiment of this application, it also includes a feed source or a sub-reflector, which is disposed above the first reflector via a support assembly, the support assembly being an arched structure.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this application, a second annular track is also included, and both ends of the support assembly are movably connected to the second annular track.

[0013] According to an embodiment of this application, a second support and guide assembly is also included. The second support and guide assembly includes a second seat assembly and a second directional drive assembly disposed at the lower part of the second seat assembly. The second seat assembly is fixedly connected to the end of the second annular track. The second directional drive assembly includes a drive wheel that cooperates with the wheel and rail of the second annular track.

[0014] The second aspect of this application provides a design method for the aforementioned single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope, including:

[0015] Determine the receiving area of ​​the first reflector of the single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope, and the maximum longitudinal distance from the vertex to the edge of the reflector.

[0016] Based on the receiving area and the maximum longitudinal distance, the aperture dimensions of the first and second reflectors are determined; the receiving area of ​​the second reflector is equal to that of the first reflector; the reflecting surface of the second reflector is a paraboloid of revolution; the maximum longitudinal distance between the first and second reflectors is equal; the long side dimension of the aperture surface of the first reflector is greater than the aperture diameter of the second reflector, and the short side dimension of the aperture surface of the first reflector is 1 / N times the aperture diameter of the second reflector, where N is a constant not less than 2; the focal diameter ratio of the first reflector is greater than that of the second reflector.

[0017] The above-described one or more embodiments have the following beneficial effects: This application designs the reflector of the radio telescope as a truncated paraboloid with a rectangular aperture. Under the same receiving area, compared with the existing paraboloid reflector, the overall center of gravity of the reflector is lowered, thereby reducing the center of gravity of the overall telescope structure and the elevation axis height, ensuring the safety of the radio telescope. Furthermore, designing the reflector as a multi-segment splicing structure allows for segmented support of the reflector, avoiding the use of a single elevation axis to support the entire first reflector, which would result in an excessively large and heavy elevation axis and corresponding support structure, reducing the risk of structural failure. On the other hand, it reduces the weight of individual reflectors and decreases surface shape errors, improving the antenna efficiency and high-frequency operating capability of the telescope. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above-mentioned contents, other objects, features and advantages of this application will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 This schematic diagram illustrates the structure of a circularly truncated parabola according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a rectangular truncated parabola according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the focal length to focal diameter ratio design according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0022] Figure 4 The schematic diagram illustrates the structure of an array unit according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is a rear view, (b) is a right view, (c) is a top view, and (d) is an axonometric view;

[0023] Figure 5 The schematic diagram illustrates a reflector support structure for a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to an embodiment of this application, wherein (a) is a rear view, (b) is a right view, (c) is a top view, and (d) is an axonometric view.

[0024] Figure 6 The schematic diagram illustrates the overall structure of a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Among them, 1. Reflector unit; 201. Reflector back frame; 202. Center hub; 203. Pitch axis; 204. Sector pitch gear; 205. Pitch drive assembly; 2061. First seat frame assembly; 2062. First azimuth drive assembly; 2063. Second-level platform; 3. Seat frame connection assembly; 4. First annular track; 5. Feed source; 601. Support assembly; 6021. Second seat frame assembly; 6022. Second azimuth drive assembly; 7. Second annular track. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of this application.

[0027] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0028] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0029] When expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0030] Traditional single-aperture fully steerable radio telescopes typically use a paraboloid of revolution as their reflecting surface. The shape of the reflecting surface, i.e., the shape enclosed by the edge of the reflecting surface's entrance, is circular to ensure that incident radio waves from all directions are reflected and converged at the focal point. However, for large-aperture single-aperture fully steerable radio telescopes, as the aperture increases, the overall structural mass also increases significantly. Using a traditional paraboloid of revolution reflecting surface becomes more difficult due to the high center of gravity of the telescope's overall structure, increasing the likelihood of tipping over or collapsing under environmental loads, posing a greater safety risk.

[0031] Based on this, in the embodiments of this application, the shape of the reflecting surface is designed as a truncated parabolic surface with a rectangular structure. When in use, the long side of the reflecting surface is parallel to the horizontal plane, thereby reducing the height of the reflecting surface in the vertical direction, lowering the center of gravity of the overall structure, and ensuring the safety of the telescope in long-term operation.

[0032] This application provides a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope, comprising:

[0033] The first reflector has a truncated parabolic surface as its reflecting surface. The geometric center of the reflecting surface coincides with the geometric center of the parent parabolic surface of the reflecting surface, and the aperture shape of the reflecting surface is rectangular.

[0034] The following combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 Explain the meaning of "truncated parabola" in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 This schematic diagram illustrates the structure of a circularly truncated parabola according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a rectangular truncated parabola according to an embodiment of this application is shown. See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 A cylindrical surface is formed by stretching an arbitrary closed planar curve (such as a circle or rectangle) along the axial direction of a paraboloid of revolution, penetrating the paraboloid. The portion of the paraboloid located within the cylindrical surface (such as a cylindrical or prismatic surface) formed by the closed curve is called a "truncated paraboloid," and the corresponding original paraboloid of revolution is called the parent paraboloid of the truncated paraboloid. For example... Figure 1 As shown, when the closed curve is a circle, the truncated paraboloid obtained by stretching the cylindrical surface is a circular truncated paraboloid, and its diameter is circular or elliptical. When the geometric center (centroid) of the closed curve coincides with the axis of the parent paraboloid, the truncated paraboloid is still a standard paraboloid; when the geometric center of the closed curve does not coincide with the axis of the parent paraboloid, the truncated paraboloid is an offset paraboloid. Figure 2 As shown, when the closed curve is a rectangle, the resulting truncated parabolic surface is a rectangular truncated parabolic surface, and its aperture surface shape is rectangular. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope provided in this application has a rectangular truncated parabolic surface as its reflecting surface, and the corresponding closed curve is a rectangle. The geometric center of the closed curve coincides with the axis of the parent parabolic surface, that is, the geometric center of the reflecting surface coincides with the geometric center of the parent parabolic surface of the reflecting surface, so as to ensure the symmetry of the reflecting surface and guarantee the receiving effect.

[0035] To facilitate comparison between the single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope provided in this application embodiment and the existing rotating parabolic structure radio telescope, the design parameters of the two radio telescopes are given below for comparison, taking the same receiving area and maximum longitudinal distance (i.e., the maximum longitudinal distance from the vertex of the reflecting surface to the edge) as examples.

[0036] A standard single-aperture fully movable parabolic radio telescope (hereinafter referred to as "Telescope A") with a receiving area of ​​S and a maximum longitudinal distance H from the vertex to the edge of the reflecting surface is designed using traditional methods. The formula for calculating its elevation axis height h is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Where D is the diameter of the circular aperture surface of telescope A. C is a positive constant.

[0039] The formula for calculating the focal length F of telescope A is:

[0040]

[0041] The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope provided in this application embodiment will be referred to as "telescope B". In this application embodiment, the reflector of telescope B is referred to as the first reflector. The aperture size of telescope B is a×b, where a>D>b, b=D / N; D is the diameter of the circular aperture of telescope A. N is a constant not less than 2. The value of b determines the height of the pitch axis, and at this time, the pitch axis height of telescope B is... This means that the D / 2 part in the original pitch axis height h formula is reduced to 1 / N.

[0042] Large-aperture, especially 100-meter and super-100-meter class single-aperture fully steerable radio telescopes, have very long and heavy elevation axes, resulting in greater torsional and bending deformations, making them prone to failure. This also increases friction on the mating elevation bearings, further increasing their risk of failure. Furthermore, because the reflector in this embodiment is designed as a rectangular truncated paraboloid, its elevation axis is longer than that of telescope A, making it even more susceptible to failure. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first reflector is designed in blocks, consisting of multiple adjacent reflector units. The reflector surfaces of each unit are combined to form the reflector surface of the first reflector. Each reflector unit corresponds to an array unit supporting it, supported by a single elevation axis. The first reflector comprises multiple (n) adjacent reflector units, each with an aperture surface size of a. i×b (i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n), where the gap between adjacent reflector units is g. Therefore, the actual receiving area of ​​telescope B is:

[0043]

[0044] The clearance g can be determined according to actual assembly requirements, usually on the order of centimeters, while a is on the order of hundreds of meters. , That is, the actual receiving area of ​​telescope B can be considered equal to the receiving area of ​​telescope A.

[0045] Generally, the aperture dimension 'a' in each reflector element is... i It can be determined by the following formula:

[0046]

[0047] In the embodiments of this application, the number n of reflector units is an odd number greater than or equal to 3, so that it can be rotated around the reflector unit located in the middle in actual use, which is convenient for installation and use.

[0048] In the embodiments of this application, the single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope includes multiple array units, the number of array units being equal to the number of reflector units, each array unit having one reflector unit, all reflector units having the same orientation, and all reflector units being arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction to form a first reflector.

[0049] In the embodiments of this application, each reflector unit is supported by an array unit, which realizes segmented support for the reflector and avoids using a single pitch axis to support the entire first reflector, which would cause the pitch axis and the corresponding support structure to be too large and heavy, thus reducing the risk of structural failure.

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an array unit according to an embodiment of this application is shown, such as... Figure 4As shown, the array unit includes a reflector back frame 201, a center hub 202, a pitch axis 203, a sector pitch gear 204, a pitch drive assembly 205, and a first support guide assembly, wherein the first support guide assembly includes a first mount assembly 2061, a first azimuth drive assembly 2062, and a second-layer platform 2063. The reflector back frame 201 is a support structure, employing a concentric circle and cross-shaped interlocking structure for fixedly connecting the reflector unit 1. A sector pitch gear 204 is fixedly connected to the middle of the reflector back frame 201 on the side furthest from the reflector unit 1, and the sector pitch gear 204 has a first gear structure. A central hub 202 is fixedly disposed in the middle of the sector pitch gear 204, for fixed connection between the pitch shaft 203 and the sector pitch gear 204. The pitch shaft 203 is a cylindrical structure, passing through the middle of the central hub 202 and the sector pitch gear 204, and the pitch shaft 203, central hub 202, and sector pitch gear 204 are coaxial. Both ends of the pitch shaft 203 are rotatably connected to the first support guide assembly. The pitch drive assembly 205 is fixedly mounted on the first support guide assembly, and the moving part of the pitch drive assembly 205 is a gear structure, capable of meshing with the sector pitch gear 204, driving the sector pitch gear 204 to rotate, thereby driving the pitch movement of the reflector assembly. The first support guide assembly includes a first base assembly 2061 and a first azimuth drive assembly 2062. The first azimuth drive assembly 2062 is located at the lower part of the first base assembly 2061, has a drive wheel, and can drive the overall array unit to move; the first base assembly includes a base 2061 and a support frame mounted on the base, the support frame being used to movably engage with both ends of the pitch axis 203 to meet the support requirements of the pitch axis 203. In the embodiments of this application, to make full use of space, a second-level platform 2063 is also provided on the first base assembly 2061, and the pitch drive assembly 205 is mounted on the second-level platform 2063. The space between the first base assembly 2061 and the second-level platform 2063 can be used to accommodate instruments, beamguide structures, and other devices. The overall structure of each array unit is the same. Except for the size of the reflector back frame, which needs to be adapted to the reflector unit, the structure of the rest can be designed to be the same. Therefore, the array units of Telescope B can be mass-produced, which greatly reduces the construction cost and production complexity of the radio telescope.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, each array unit is connected by a bracket connection component 3 to form an integral structure, which works together to ensure the integrity of the first reflector.

[0052] In the embodiments of this application, each array unit moves on a first annular track 4 disposed on the ground. Specifically, each array unit is movably connected to the first annular track so that each array unit rotates about a vertical line passing through the geometric center of the reflective surface. Since the number of reflector units and array units is odd, while ensuring that the gap between adjacent reflector units is the same and that each reflector unit faces the same direction, the first annular track also enables each array unit to rotate about the axis of the array unit located at the center position.

[0053] Figure 5 This schematically illustrates a reflector support structure for a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to an embodiment of this application. The first annular track 4 includes multiple concentrically distributed tracks, the size and number of which can be determined based on the size and number of array units, such as... Figure 5 As shown in the embodiments of this application, each array unit has four drive wheels at its bottom. Except for the array unit located at the center, the drive wheels of the other array units are arranged in pairs on two adjacent tracks, while the four drive wheels of the array unit located at the center are arranged on the same track. At this time, the axis where the center of each track in the first annular track is located is the rotation axis of the array unit when it moves.

[0054] In the embodiments of this application, assuming the telescope is in a zenith-facing orientation (elevation angle equal to 90 degrees), with a constant focal ratio, the larger the aperture parameter 'a' in the aperture surface dimensions of telescope B, the farther the distance from the edge of the reflector corresponding to the aperture side length 'b' to the elevation axis will be. This will result in a very thick reflector backrest, which needs to be avoided as much as possible. Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, in order to reduce the thickness of the reflector backrest of the outermost array unit, the focal ratio needs to be increased while keeping the aperture parameter 'a' amplification requirement unchanged.

[0055] In the embodiments of this application, the focal diameter ratio of the first reflector is calculated by multiplying the focal length of the second reflector, which has the same receiving area as the first reflector, by a first proportionality coefficient. The reflecting surface of the second reflector is a paraboloid of revolution. The first proportionality coefficient is calculated by the ratio of the length of the widest part of the aperture surface of the first reflector to the square of the diameter of the aperture surface of the second reflector.

[0056] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown, the standard single-aperture fully steerable parabolic radio telescope A with the same receiving area has an aperture of D and a focal diameter ratio of R. fd If the focal length is F, then the focal length F' and the focal diameter ratio R' of the single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope (i.e., telescope B) provided in this application embodiment are... fd Satisfy the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] The above formula is based on the fact that when telescopes A and B are facing the zenith, the maximum height of the reflector edge from the ground is the same. This ensures that the maximum height of the reflector edge of telescope B from the ground does not exceed that of a traditional telescope, which is beneficial for safety and facilitates the design of the reflector back frame structure. Otherwise, the back frame structure would be unable to support an excessively tall reflector. When both the aperture parameter 'a' and the focal length ratio increase simultaneously, since focal length = aperture × focal length ratio, the focal length will increase dramatically. This results in very long support legs for the feed or sub-reflector. Under the influence of its own weight and environmental loads such as wind loads, the swaying and deformation of the support legs will be severe, leading to ineffective focusing. Supporting the feed or sub-reflector at a long distance using traditional methods is very difficult, and significant deformation of the support legs will also lead to ineffective focusing. Therefore, in this embodiment, an arched support assembly is also designed to support the feed or sub-reflector. The arched structure is pressure-resistant and stable, and can reduce the adverse effects of gravity and environmental loads to a certain extent.

[0059] To achieve full mobility of the telescope, enabling the feed source or sub-reflector to move in tandem with the movement of the first reflector to meet imaging requirements, a second annular track is designed in the embodiments of this application to support and guide the support assembly of the arch structure.

[0060] Figure 6 This illustration schematically shows the overall structure of a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to an embodiment of this application, using the support feed as an example for explanation. Figure 6 As shown, the feed source 5 is mounted on the support assembly 601, which has an arched structure. Both ends of the support assembly 601 are movably connected to the second annular track 7 mounted on the ground. The second annular track 7 is concentrically arranged with the first annular track 4 so that when the telescope B rotates, it rotates synchronously by the same angle to ensure that the feed source is located at the focal point of the first reflector and receives the signal reflected and focused by the reflecting surface.

[0061] In the embodiments of this application, the support assembly cooperates with the second annular track 7 via a second support guide assembly. The second support guide assembly includes a second base assembly 6021 and a second directional drive assembly 6022 disposed at the lower part of the second base assembly. The second base assembly 6021 is fixedly connected to the end of the second annular track 7, and the second directional drive assembly 6022 includes a drive wheel that cooperates with the wheel rail of the second annular track 7. The second base assembly can have the same structure as the first base assembly, including a base and a support frame disposed on the base. Since no other structure is required, a second-layer platform is not necessary. The second directional drive assembly can also have the same structure as the first directional drive assembly to facilitate production and on-site installation.

[0062] In embodiments of this application, the feed source can also be mounted on the support assembly via a five-degree-of-freedom motion platform. This platform can drive the feed source to rotate in three directions and translate in two directions, while simultaneously performing pitch motion along a slot on the support assembly. The five-degree-of-freedom motion platform can carry a real-time kinematic (RTK) device to precisely position the feed source and perform pitch motion according to the overall telescope system's requirements for feed source positioning.

[0063] The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope provided in this application, compared with traditional single-aperture fully movable parabolic radio telescopes, can reduce the elevation axis height under the same receiving area and improve safety by segmenting the elevation axis support. By changing the feed or sub-face support method, the adverse effects of deformation of the feed or sub-face support legs under environmental factors such as sunlight and wind load are reduced. In addition, the larger the aperture of the radio telescope, the greater the difference in surface accuracy between the inner and outer ring panels of the reflecting surface, and the large deformation of the outermost panel may exceed the adjustment range of the actuator even with active surface technology, making it very difficult to adjust the pose of the outermost panel to meet the surface accuracy requirements of the radio telescope. However, this application embodiment changes the aperture surface shape from circular to rectangular, which helps to solve the problem of large differences in surface accuracy between the inner and outer ring panels, thus improving the efficiency of the radio telescope.

[0064] This application also provides a design method for the above-mentioned single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope, including:

[0065] Determine the receiving area of ​​the first reflector of the single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope, and the maximum longitudinal distance from the vertex of the reflector to the edge;

[0066] The aperture dimensions of the first reflector and the second reflector are determined based on the receiving area and the maximum longitudinal distance; the receiving area of ​​the second reflector is equal to that of the first reflector; the reflecting surface of the second reflector is a paraboloid of revolution; the maximum longitudinal distance between the first reflector and the second reflector is equal; the long side dimension of the reflecting surface of the first reflector is greater than the aperture diameter of the second reflector, and the short side dimension of the reflecting surface of the first reflector is 1 / N times the aperture diameter of the second reflector, where N is a constant not less than 2; the focal diameter ratio of the first reflector is greater than that of the second reflector.

[0067] The following describes the design process of the single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope of this application with specific parameters.

[0068] Input design requirements: Design a single-aperture fully steerable parabolic radio telescope with a receiving area of ​​S and a distance H from the vertex of the reflecting surface to the aperture surface. m, H=25m.

[0069] When designed using traditional methods, the aperture diameter of telescope A is... m, focal length m, focal diameter ratio Pitch axis height m (here C is taken as 3m).

[0070] The telescope B designed using the method of this application has a rectangle with length and width a and b respectively for truncating the parabolic surface. Given m and b = 60m, the aperture size of telescope B is 188.52m × 60m, satisfying a > D > b, b = D / N, where N is 2. Furthermore, if n is 3, then telescope B consists of 3 reflector units, each with an aperture size of a. i ×b (i=1, 2, 3), the gap between adjacent reflector units is g=0.01m. Therefore, the actual receiving area of ​​telescope B is:

[0071]

[0072] satisfy .

[0073] In the aperture surface dimensions of each reflector unit for:

[0074]

[0075] The elevation axis height of telescope B is:

[0076]

[0077] Obviously satisfied .

[0078] The focal diameter ratio of telescope A is R. fd If the focal length is F, then the focal length F' of telescope B and the ratio R' of its parent parabolic focal diameter are... fd satisfy:

[0079]

[0080] Based on the above process, the various design parameters of telescope B are obtained, and then telescope B can be manufactured and installed on site based on these parameters.

[0081] Based on the surface shape error distribution of the reflecting surface of a traditional single-aperture fully steerable radio telescope at an elevation angle of 90° under the influence of gravity. Empirical formula , It is a positive constant, and it increases as the antenna aperture D increases (i.e., ), Given the polar coordinates of any point P on the reflecting surface, we can see that the maximum deformation of the reflecting surface... Because telescope B uses an array design, the maximum size of each reflecting surface unit is... Both are smaller than the aperture D of telescope A. Therefore, their maximum reflective surface deformation and overall surface shape error are smaller, which helps to improve antenna efficiency and the highest operating frequency.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in this application. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this application. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope, characterized in that, include: The first reflector has a reflecting surface that is a truncated parabola, the geometric center of which coincides with the geometric center of its parent parabola, and the aperture of which is rectangular.

2. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first reflector comprises multiple adjacent reflector units.

3. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of reflector units is an odd number greater than or equal to 3.

4. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 3, characterized in that, The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope includes multiple array units, the number of which is equal to the number of reflector units. Each array unit is equipped with one reflector unit, and all reflector units are oriented in the same direction. The reflector units are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction to form a first reflector.

5. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a first annular track, with each array unit movably connected to the first annular track, so that each array unit rotates about a vertical line passing through the geometric center of the reflective surface.

6. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The focal diameter ratio of the first reflector is calculated by multiplying the focal length of the second reflector, which has the same receiving area, by a first proportionality coefficient. The reflecting surface of the second reflector is a paraboloid of revolution. The first proportionality coefficient is calculated by the ratio of the length of the widest part of the aperture surface of the first reflector to the square of the diameter of the aperture surface of the second reflector.

7. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a feed source or a sub-reflector, which is mounted above the first reflector via a support assembly, which has an arched structure.

8. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a second annular track, with both ends of the support assembly being movably connected to the second annular track.

9. The single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a second support and guide assembly, which includes a second frame assembly and a second directional drive assembly disposed at the lower part of the second frame assembly. The second frame assembly is fixedly connected to the end of the second annular track, and the second directional drive assembly includes a drive wheel that cooperates with the wheel and rail of the second annular track.

10. A design method for a single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: Determine the receiving area of ​​the first reflector of the single-aperture fully movable truncated parabolic radio telescope, and the maximum longitudinal distance from the vertex of the reflector to the edge; The aperture dimensions of the first reflector and the second reflector are determined based on the receiving area and the maximum longitudinal distance. The receiving area of ​​the second reflector is equal to that of the first reflector; the reflecting surface of the second reflector is a paraboloid of revolution; the maximum longitudinal distance between the first reflector and the second reflector is equal; the long side dimension of the reflecting surface of the first reflector is greater than the aperture diameter of the second reflector, and the short side dimension of the reflecting surface of the first reflector is 1 / N times the aperture diameter of the second reflector, where N is a constant not less than 2; the focal diameter ratio of the first reflector is greater than that of the second reflector.

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