High-altitude hot-air balloon waste heat recovery and solar cooperative power generation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-altitude hot-air balloon waste heat recovery and solar energy cooperative power generation system. The system comprises a thermoelectric power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, a super capacitor and a load which are arranged on a high-altitude hot-air balloon; the temperature difference power generation system converts combustion heat of the high-altitude hot-air balloon into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the super capacitor, when sunlight irradiation is strong, the photovoltaic power generation system converts light energy of sunlight irradiating the high-altitude hot-air balloon into electric energy and supplies power to a load, and when sunlight irradiation is low, residual electric energy is stored in the super capacitor and supplies power to the load. The thermoelectric power generation system and the photovoltaic power generation system supply power to the load cooperatively or the super capacitor supplies power. The cooperative power generation system designed by the invention can meet the long-term power supply requirement of a high-power-consumption load of the high-altitude hot-air balloon, effectively utilizes waste heat generated by combustion of the high-altitude hot-air balloon and high-intensity sunlight irradiation in a high-altitude environment, is flexible, multipurpose, energy-saving, efficient and stable in power supply, and has a wide application prospect in the technical field of floating aircrafts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of airship technology, specifically to a high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, high-altitude hot air balloons have been widely used in various technical fields such as manned floating ascent, high-altitude operations, high-altitude exploration, meteorological research, high-altitude operations for economic and scientific exchanges, and military applications. Existing hot air balloons are mainly composed of three parts: a balloon, a burner, and a basket, and can carry a certain weight of load. The balloon is filled with air, and the bottom of the balloon balloon is equipped with an opening for heating cold air and a basket. The basket contains propane or natural gas as fuel, which has the characteristics of long flight time, low energy consumption, long stay in the air, and can be launched in all weather conditions and can carry a certain load. However, there are significant bottlenecks in the current hot air balloon energy system: (1) The equipment on the hot air balloon is mainly powered by an internal combustion engine driving a generator or by a battery, which is difficult to meet the long-term power supply requirements of high-power loads (such as radar and communication equipment); (2) During the operation of high-altitude hot air balloons, the waste heat generated by the burner has not been effectively utilized for a long time, resulting in energy waste. Taking a typical hot air balloon as an example, its waste heat power can reach 200-500W / m 2 However, existing technologies lack efficient recycling methods and rely solely on single energy storage devices (such as batteries / capacitors), resulting in an energy utilization rate of less than 25%; (3) Insufficient solar energy utilization, with solar irradiance reaching 1360W / m in the high-altitude environment. 2 The solar energy contained in the air is abundant, providing an excellent environmental basis for hot air balloons to utilize solar energy. However, the solar energy radiating onto the surface of high-altitude hot air balloons has not been effectively utilized. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system. This system couples a thermoelectric power generation system and a photovoltaic power generation system, effectively utilizing the high-altitude sunlight environment and its own combustion heat energy. It uses a variety of environmentally friendly energy sources and supercapacitors to achieve a stable and long-term power supply to the high-altitude hot air balloon, solving the current problems of energy waste and lack of long-term stable power supply for high-altitude hot air balloons.

[0004] To achieve the above functions, this invention designs a high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system, including a thermoelectric power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, a supercapacitor 7, and a load 10 arranged on the high-altitude hot air balloon;

[0005] The thermoelectric power generation system and the photovoltaic power generation system are respectively connected to the supercapacitor 7, and the photovoltaic power generation system and the supercapacitor 7 are connected to the load 10;

[0006] Thermoelectric power generation system converts the combustion heat of the hot air balloon into electrical energy and stores it in supercapacitor 7. Photovoltaic power generation system converts the light energy of sunlight 5 shining on the hot air balloon into electrical energy to supply power to load 10, or stores it in supercapacitor 7. Supercapacitor 7 supplies power to load 10 with the stored electrical energy.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the thermoelectric power generation system consists of a supercapacitor control system and a thermoelectric power generation module. The thermoelectric power generation module includes: multiple power generation modules 1, as well as heat sinks 2, heat conduction plates 3, and combustion channels 4. The waste heat generated by the combustion of the high-altitude hot air balloon passes through the combustion channel 4. The power generation modules 1, heat sinks 2, and heat conduction plates 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the combustion channel 4. On one side of the combustion channel 4, the heat conduction plate 3 is attached and fixed to the outer wall of the combustion channel 4. The heat sinks 2 and the heat conduction plates 3 are separated by a preset gap. The power generation modules 1 are fixedly installed in the gap between the heat sinks 2 and the heat conduction plates 3. The heat sinks 2, power generation modules 1, and heat conduction plates 3 are clamped and fixed by bolts 11. The output of the power generation modules 1 is connected to the supercapacitor control system.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the power generation module 1 is periodically stacked in the gap between the heat sink 2 and the heat conduction plate 3, and the power generation modules 1 of the upper and lower adjacent layers are connected in series or in parallel.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the heat sink 2 is made of aluminum and has a strip-shaped rib design.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the power generation module 1 includes a hot surface 101 and a cold surface 102, wherein the hot surface 101 of the power generation module 1 is attached to the outer wall of the heat-conducting plate 3, and the cold surface 102 of the power generation module 1 is attached to the inner wall of the heat sink 2.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the hot surface 101 of the power generation module 1 has a temperature resistance range of -60 to 600°C, and the cold surface 102 of the power generation module 1 has a temperature resistance range of -60 to 200°C.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the supercapacitor control system includes a supercapacitor charging protection circuit, a supercapacitor discharging protection circuit, and a voltage stabilizing output circuit; wherein, the supercapacitor charging protection circuit receives the electrical energy output from the power generation module 1, the output of the supercapacitor charging protection circuit is connected to the input of the supercapacitor 7, the output of the supercapacitor 7 is connected to the input of the supercapacitor discharging protection circuit, the output of the supercapacitor discharging protection circuit is connected to the input of the voltage stabilizing output circuit, and the output of the voltage stabilizing output circuit is connected to the load 10.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic cell 6, a controller 8, and an inverter 9; wherein, the photovoltaic cell 6 is arranged on the surface of a high-altitude hot air balloon, the output of the photovoltaic cell 6 is connected to the input of the controller 8, the controller 8 is connected to a supercapacitor 7, the output of the controller 8 is connected to the input of the inverter 9, and the output of the inverter 9 is connected to a load 10.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the controller 8 pre-stores a control program to compare the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system with the power required by the load 10 in real time. If the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the power required by the load 10, the photovoltaic power generation system supplies power to the load 10 alone, and the remaining power is stored together with the power generated by the thermoelectric power generation system in the supercapacitor 7. If the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is less than the power required by the load 10, the thermoelectric power generation system is called, and the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system jointly supplies power to the load 10. If the sum of the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system is less than the power required by the load 10, the power stored in the supercapacitor 7 is called to supply power to the load 10.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0016] This invention designs a high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system. Based on a novel multi-energy complementary balloon coupled with a thermoelectric power generation system and a photovoltaic power generation system, it utilizes combustion waste heat and solar power generation technology to synthesize a flexible, versatile, energy-efficient system that meets the hot air balloon's 24-hour uninterrupted power supply requirements, achieving a breakthrough in comprehensive energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, it employs the concept of supercapacitors to ensure the load can continue operating even when the temperature difference is unstable or the power generation is unstable due to the absence of a temperature difference.

[0017] The thermoelectric power generation system and the photovoltaic power generation system complement each other, and can still provide power when the hot air balloon receives insufficient solar radiation or the temperature difference is unstable. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric power generation module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a power generation module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a supercapacitor control system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Power generation module; 2. Heat sink; 3. Heat conduction plate; 4. Combustion channel; 5. Sunlight; 6. Photovoltaic cell; 7. Supercapacitor; 8. Controller; 9. Inverter; 10. Load; 11. Bolt; 101. Hot side; 102. Cold side. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] This invention provides a high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system, referring to... Figure 1 It includes a thermoelectric power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, a supercapacitor 7, and a load 10, all mounted on a high-altitude hot air balloon.

[0025] The thermoelectric power generation system and the photovoltaic power generation system are respectively connected to the supercapacitor 7, and the photovoltaic power generation system and the supercapacitor 7 are connected to the load 10;

[0026] Thermoelectric power generation system converts the combustion heat of the hot air balloon into electrical energy and stores it in supercapacitor 7. Photovoltaic power generation system converts the light energy of sunlight 5 shining on the hot air balloon into electrical energy to supply power to load 10, or stores it in supercapacitor 7. Supercapacitor 7 supplies power to load 10 with the stored electrical energy.

[0027] The aforementioned thermoelectric power generation system is a direct current (DC) power generation system, therefore the circuit does not require an inverter for AC-to-DC conversion. The thermoelectric power generation system consists of a supercapacitor control system and thermoelectric power generation modules. Each thermoelectric power generation module includes: multiple power generation modules 1, heat sinks 2, heat-conducting plates 3, and a combustion channel 4. The waste heat generated by the combustion of the high-altitude hot air balloon passes through the combustion channel 4. The power generation modules 1, heat sinks 2, and heat-conducting plates 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the combustion channel 4. On one side of the combustion channel 4, the heat-conducting plate 3 is fixedly attached to the outer wall of the combustion channel 4. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The heat sink 2 and the heat-conducting plate 3 are separated by a predetermined gap. The power generation module 1 is fixedly installed in the gap between the heat sink 2 and the heat-conducting plate 3. The heat sink 2, the power generation module 1, and the heat-conducting plate 3 are clamped and fixed by bolts 11, which can absorb the waste heat generated by the burner to the greatest extent. The power generation module 1 is periodically stacked in the gap between the heat sink 2 and the heat-conducting plate 3, and the adjacent power generation modules 1 in the upper and lower layers are connected in series or parallel. The output of the power generation module 1 is connected to the supercapacitor control system.

[0028] Because the thermoelectric power generation module adopts a symmetrical structure, the power generation modules 1 on both sides of the combustion channel 4 can transfer heat in two directions at the same time, ensuring that the hot end is insulated from the surrounding environment, so that heat exchange only occurs between the combustion channel 4 and the power generation module 1, reducing heat exchange error.

[0029] Reference Figure 3 The power generation module 1 includes a hot surface 101 and a cold surface 102. The hot surface 101 of the power generation module 1 is attached to the outer wall of the heat-conducting plate 3, and the cold surface 102 of the power generation module 1 is attached to the inner wall of the heat sink 2.

[0030] The hot surface 101 of the power generation module 1 has a temperature resistance range of -60 to 600℃, and the cold surface 102 of the power generation module 1 has a temperature resistance range of -60 to 200℃.

[0031] In the thermoelectric power generation system, the cold side 102 of the power generation module 1 dissipates heat through the heat sink 2. The heat dissipation method adopts high-altitude natural convection heat dissipation, and the heat sink 2 adopts a strip-ribbed aluminum system heat sink. The hot end of the thermoelectric power generation system is the waste heat generated by the burner. The heat is transferred to the power generation module 1 through the combustion channel 4 and the heat conduction plate 3 for recycling and reuse.

[0032] Because the temperature of the hot side 101 of the power generation module 1 varies with factors such as the flow rate and temperature of the burner, and the temperature of the cold side 102 is also unstable due to the effects of high-altitude natural convection wind speed and heat transfer, as well as external factors, the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric power generation system will be unstable. Therefore, the open-circuit voltage and output power generated by the thermoelectric power generation system are also unstable. A supercapacitor control system and a supercapacitor 7 are required. The supercapacitor control system keeps the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation system stable, and the supercapacitor 7 can provide stable power for a period of time when there is no power supply, ensuring the operation of the load 10.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 The supercapacitor control system includes a supercapacitor charging protection circuit, a supercapacitor discharging protection circuit, and a voltage regulated output circuit. The supercapacitor charging protection circuit receives the electrical energy output from the power generation module 1. Its output is connected to the input of supercapacitor 7. The output of supercapacitor 7 is connected to the input of the supercapacitor discharging protection circuit. The output of the supercapacitor discharging protection circuit is connected to the input of the voltage regulated output circuit. The output of the voltage regulated output circuit is connected to the load 10. The supercapacitor control system operates as follows: the unstable voltage generated by the thermoelectric power generation system is first stored in supercapacitor 7 through the supercapacitor charging protection circuit, then passes through the supercapacitor discharging protection circuit, and finally is discharged by the voltage regulated output circuit.

[0034] The photovoltaic power generation system includes photovoltaic cells 6, a controller 8, and an inverter 9. The photovoltaic cells 6 are installed on the surface of a high-altitude hot air balloon, absorbing solar radiation 5 and converting it into electrical energy. The output of the photovoltaic cells 6 is connected to the input of the controller 8. The controller 8 is connected to a supercapacitor 7. The controller 8 is used to control the working state of the photovoltaic power generation system and to provide overcharge and over-discharge protection for the supercapacitor 7. The supercapacitor 7 can store the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cells 6. The output of the controller 8 is connected to the input of the inverter 9. The output of the inverter 9 is connected to the load 10. The inverter 9 converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic power generation system into alternating current for use by the load 10.

[0035] The power generation module 1, photovoltaic cell 6, supercapacitor 7, controller 8, and inverter 9 are all existing integrated devices. In one embodiment, the core device selection is as follows:

[0036] The power generation module 1 uses an integrated device that has been mass-produced and packaged by Hubei Saigerui New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., model number: TEG1-19913, with external dimensions of 50×50×3.8mm, weight of 45g, and resistance of 1.58Ω.

[0037] Photovoltaic cell 6 uses the 54HL4R-B product provided by Jinko Solar Holding Co., Ltd., with 108 half-cells, dimensions of 1762×1134×30mm, weight of 21kg, and power of 430~455w.

[0038] The supercapacitor 7 uses a multilayer ceramic chip capacitor manufactured by Torch Electronics, with an external size of 200-2000mm and a rated voltage range of 4V-3kV.

[0039] The controller 8 has a pre-stored control program that compares the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system with the electricity required by the load 10 in real time. When the sunlight 5 is strong, the concentrated sunlight 5 shines on the surface of the photovoltaic cells 6. If the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the electricity required by the load 10, the photovoltaic power generation system alone supplies power to the load 10. The remaining electricity, along with the electricity generated by the thermoelectric power generation system, is stored in the supercapacitor 7. At the same time, the coordinated power generation is controlled at a safe temperature, improving the stability and safety of the coordinated power generation. When the solar radiation is low or non-existent, and the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is less than the electricity required by the load 10, the thermoelectric power generation system is activated. The electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system together supplies power to the load 10. If the sum of the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system is less than the electricity required by the load 10, the electricity stored in the supercapacitor 7 is used to supply power to the load 10.

[0040] The control logic of the control program is as follows:

[0041] The electrical energy required by load 10 is preferentially supplied by the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system meets the needs of load 10, the remaining electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system is stored in the supercapacitor 7. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is insufficient to meet the needs of load 10, it is jointly supplied by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system. When the combined supply of the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system is insufficient to meet the needs of load 10, the electrical energy reserved in the supercapacitor 7 is used to supply the electricity for load 10.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for co-generating waste heat from high-altitude hot air balloons with solar power generation, characterized in that, Includes a thermoelectric power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, a supercapacitor (7), and a load (10) arranged on a high-altitude hot air balloon; The thermoelectric power generation system and the photovoltaic power generation system are respectively connected to the supercapacitor (7), and the photovoltaic power generation system and the supercapacitor (7) are connected to the load (10); Among them, the thermoelectric power generation system converts the combustion heat of the hot air balloon into electrical energy and stores it in the supercapacitor (7), and the photovoltaic power generation system converts the light energy of the sunlight (5) shining on the hot air balloon into electrical energy to supply power to the load (10), or stores it in the supercapacitor (7), and the supercapacitor (7) supplies the stored electrical energy to the load (10).

2. The high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermoelectric power generation system consists of a supercapacitor control system and a thermoelectric power generation module. The thermoelectric power generation module includes multiple power generation modules (1), heat sinks (2), heat conduction plates (3), and combustion channels (4). The waste heat generated by the combustion of the high-altitude hot air balloon passes through the combustion channel (4). The power generation module (1), heat sinks (2), and heat conduction plates (3) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the combustion channel (4). On one side of the combustion channel (4), the heat conduction plate (3) is attached and fixed to the outer wall of the combustion channel (4). The heat sinks (2) and the heat conduction plates (3) are separated by a preset gap. The power generation module (1) is fixedly installed in the gap between the heat sinks (2) and the heat conduction plates (3). The heat sinks (2), power generation module (1), and heat conduction plates (3) are clamped and fixed by bolts (11). The output of the power generation module (1) is connected to the supercapacitor control system.

3. The high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power generation module (1) is periodically stacked in the gap between the heat sink (2) and the heat conduction plate (3), and the power generation modules (1) of the upper and lower adjacent layers are connected in series or in parallel.

4. The high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat sink (2) is made of aluminum and has a strip-shaped rib design.

5. The high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power generation module (1) includes a hot surface (101) and a cold surface (102), wherein the hot surface (101) of the power generation module (1) is attached to the outer wall of the heat-conducting plate (3), and the cold surface (102) of the power generation module (1) is attached to the inner wall of the heat sink (2).

6. The high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hot side (101) of the power generation module (1) has a temperature resistance range of -60 to 600℃, and the cold side (102) of the power generation module (1) has a temperature resistance range of -60 to 200℃.

7. A high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The supercapacitor control system includes a supercapacitor charging protection circuit, a supercapacitor discharging protection circuit, and a voltage stabilizing output circuit. The supercapacitor charging protection circuit receives the electrical energy output from the power generation module (1), the output of the supercapacitor charging protection circuit is connected to the input of the supercapacitor (7), the output of the supercapacitor (7) is connected to the input of the supercapacitor discharging protection circuit, the output of the supercapacitor discharging protection circuit is connected to the input of the voltage stabilizing output circuit, and the output of the voltage stabilizing output circuit is connected to the load (10).

8. The high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic cell (6), a controller (8), and an inverter (9); wherein, the photovoltaic cell (6) is installed on the surface of the high-altitude hot air balloon, the output of the photovoltaic cell (6) is connected to the input of the controller (8), the controller (8) is connected to the supercapacitor (7), the output of the controller (8) is connected to the input of the inverter (9), and the output of the inverter (9) is connected to the load (10).

9. A high-altitude hot air balloon waste heat recovery and solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (8) pre-stores a control program to compare the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system with the amount of electricity required by the load (10) in real time. If the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the amount of electricity required by the load (10), the photovoltaic power generation system supplies electricity to the load (10) alone. The remaining amount of electricity is stored together with the electricity generated by the thermoelectric power generation system in the supercapacitor (7). If the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is less than the amount of electricity required by the load (10), the thermoelectric power generation system is called, and the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system supplies electricity to the load (10) together. If the sum of the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric power generation system is less than the amount of electricity required by the load (10), the electricity stored in the supercapacitor (7) is called to supply electricity to the load (10).

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